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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1001 III, 10. 5. 3 | Work and Health in the EU. A statistical portrait.~
1002 III, 10. 6. 1 | measured social network in four EU Member States (Finland,
1003 III, 10. 6. 1 | implemented in 2004 in 11 EU Member States and 14 EU
1004 III, 10. 6. 1 | EU Member States and 14 EU countries participated in
1005 III, 10. 6. 1 | 2002: % by category~ ~In EU 15, almost 22% of the citizens
1006 III, 10. 6. 1 | their father. Of the current EU countries, the least easy
1007 III, 10. 6. 1 | 15-year old girls in the EU having three or more close
1008 III, 10. 6. 1 | 15-year old boys in the EU having three or more close
1009 III, 10. 6. 1 | contact by 15-year-olds in the EU~ ~The HBSC study shows the
1010 III, 10. 6. 1 | than among boys. Of the EU countries, Lithuanian school
1011 III, 10. 6. 1 | data are available from EU on social networks, an important
1012 III, 10. 6. 1 | time-trends in selected EU countries~ ~However, looking
1013 III, 10. 6. 1 | protects health.~ ~The renewed EU Sustainable Development
1014 III, 10. 6. 1 | support social networks among EU citizens.~ ~
1015 III, 10. 6. 1 | The burden of crime in the EU. A comparative analysis
1016 III, 10. 6. 1 | Survey of Crime and Safety (EU ICS) 2005.~Available at: (ht ~ ~
1017 III, 10. 6. 2 | the UK presidency of the EU in October 2005;~· the EUROTHINE
1018 III, 10. 6. 2 | 2007) showed that, in the EU, cardiovascular diseases
1019 III, 10. 6. 2 | improvements in health across the EU, access to health care remains
1020 III, 10. 6. 2 | they can improve faster. At EU level this involves many
1021 III, 10. 6. 2 | countries and regions of the EU which are lagging behind
1022 III, 10. 6. 2 | Finnish European Union (EU) Presidency in 2006 and
1023 III, 10. 6. 2 | across policy sectors in the EU and its member states (www ).
1024 III, 10. 6. 2 | available at: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/socio_
1025 III, 10. 6. 3 | europeansafetyobservatory.eu/) with information retrieved
1026 III, 10. 6. 3 | In the 2005 sweep of the EU ICS the question was put
1027 III, 10. 6. 3 | The Burden of Crime in the EU [on-line publication available
1028 IV, 11. 1. 2 | Eurobarometer survey of EU Member States prior to 2004
1029 IV, 11. 1. 3 | in the European Union’s (EU) new Member States and Candidate
1030 IV, 11. 1. 3 | precipitated by the process of EU accession, many have experienced
1031 IV, 11. 1. 5 | sharing information, as in the EU funded AGREE project (Burgers
1032 IV, 11. 1. 5 | some variability across the EU (Anderson, 2004), assessments
1033 IV, 11. 1. 5 | to mistakes. Some 78% of EU citizens found medical errors
1034 IV, 11. 1. 5 | recent survey included only EU Member States prior to 2004 (
1035 IV, 11. 2. 1 | the difference between the EU Member States prior to 2004
1036 IV, 11. 2. 1 | since 1990 in the original EU Member States, but not as
1037 IV, 11. 2. 1 | aggregate for the whole EU, the number of hospitals
1038 IV, 11. 2. 1 | even from 1996 to 2004 the EU average length of stay declined
1039 IV, 11. 2. 2 | international level. In the EU, following the Maastricht
1040 IV, 11. 2. 2 | diseases. The latest of the EU’s multi-annual public health
1041 IV, 11. 3. 1 | in particular due to the EU harmonization process. The
1042 IV, 11. 3. 1 | particular states but also at EU level and even worldwide
1043 IV, 11. 3. 1 | laws are slow to change. EU membership requirements
1044 IV, 11. 3. 2 | while most healthcare in the EU is publicly funded, the
1045 IV, 11. 3. 2 | public subsidy). While at EU level there has been a harmonization
1046 IV, 11. 3. 2 | policies vary across the EU Member States.~ ~One of
1047 IV, 11. 4 | regional levels in most EU member states. By 2007 there
1048 IV, 11. 4 | Busse et al., 2002). The EU funded ECHTA/ECAHI project
1049 IV, 11. 4 | years ago.~ ~The current EU funded European Network
1050 IV, 11. 4 | any recommendations.~ ~The EU Commission and the Council
1051 IV, 11. 4 | the Member States”. Thus, EU member states and the Commission
1052 IV, 11. 4 | in Member States and the EU Commission. A public consultation
1053 IV, 11. 5. 1 | organs are exchanged between EU Member States. Cross-border
1054 IV, 11. 5. 1 | models are present in the EU:~ ~· one consists of law-approved,
1055 IV, 11. 5. 1 | two different models, the EU transplant geography can
1056 IV, 11. 5. 1 | have recently joined the EU, some have opted for a NTO-like
1057 IV, 11. 5. 2 | Transplantation (ESOT) ( w ~ ~EU National transplant organizations
1058 IV, 11. 5. 3 | transplantation in the 25 EU Member States as well as
1059 IV, 11. 5. 4 | the main challenge that EU Member States face with
1060 IV, 11. 5. 4 | and history. Even among EU countries with well-developed
1061 IV, 11. 5. 4 | lists.~Collaboration at EU level can bring particular
1062 IV, 11. 5. 5 | at European level:~ ~The EU should finance projects
1063 IV, 11. 5. 5 | policy. The role of the EU should be to facilitate
1064 IV, 11. 5. 5 | of pragmatism.~Within the EU there are huge differences
1065 IV, 11. 5. 5 | state-of-the-art documents (Eu./non-Eu Countries), set
1066 IV, 11. 5. 6 | Commission~ ~Since 1999, the EU has had the mandate, under
1067 IV, 11. 5. 6 | used in medical treatment. EU Directives have been adopted
1068 IV, 11. 6. 1 | process of accession to the EU also played a significant
1069 IV, 11. 6. 2 | countries that joined the EU after 2005 averaged 90%
1070 IV, 11. 6. 2 | payments, compared to 66% in EU Member States prior to 2005 (
1071 IV, 11. 6. 2 | healthcare spending in the EU derives from public sources.
1072 IV, 11. 6. 2 | expenditure in almost all EU Member States, although
1073 IV, 11. 6. 2 | and Mossialos 2008).~ ~All EU Member States have in place
1074 IV, 11. 6. 2 | dental care. About half of EU countries also require cost
1075 IV, 11. 6. 2 | care. Among the original 15 EU Member States, cost-sharing
1076 IV, 11. 6. 3 | goods). Moreover, among the EU member States of the time,
1077 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2006, from http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_publication/eurobarometers_
1078 IV, 12 | AND POLICY DEVELOPMENTS AT EU AND MEMBER STATE LEVEL~ ~
1079 IV, 12. 1 | developments have taken place at EU and Member States level
1080 IV, 12. 1 | consumer choice and helped EU manufacturers face up to
1081 IV, 12. 1 | Amsterdam Treaty when the EU was mandated to ensure “
1082 IV, 12. 1 | Table 12.2).~ ~Table 12.2. EU Treaty Articles concerning
1083 IV, 12. 1 | cost-effective in one country of the EU is not necessarily cost-effective
1084 IV, 12. 1 | the broad impact of other EU policies on health, health
1085 IV, 12. 1 | work~Program me 6~Providing EU co-funding for large projects
1086 IV, 12. 1 | of human origin. While at EU level there has been a harmonization
1087 IV, 12. 1 | reimbursement policies vary across EU Member States.~ ~Co-operation
1088 IV, 12. 1 | foreseeable future. In June 2007, EU leaders agreed on the mandate
1089 IV, 12. 2 | Over the last 7 years, EU public health activities,
1090 IV, 12. 2 | Strategic Approach for the EU 2008-2013”. Building on
1091 IV, 12. 2 | improving health in the EU. The principles include
1092 IV, 12. 2 | policies and strengthening the EU’s voice in global health.
1093 IV, 12. 2 | on health issues in the EU and of the progress in tackling
1094 IV, 12. 2 | devised so far particularly at EU, Intergovernmental and International
1095 IV, 12. 2 | registered fully in the EU Treaty (Article 152 of the
1096 IV, 12. 2 | Treaty (Article 152 of the EU Treaty) and in the objectives
1097 IV, 12. 2 | in the objectives of the EU’s Lisbon Agenda and the
1098 IV, 12. 2 | ensure solidarity among EU Member States.~ ~Cancer~ ~
1099 IV, 12. 2 | Commission to set up an EU Cancer Task Force to provide
1100 IV, 12. 2 | public health. Yet in several EU Member States, severe constraints
1101 IV, 12. 2 | Diabetes Policy Puzzle, 2005) EU Member States had established
1102 IV, 12. 2 | international level:~- the EU Health Council in 2004,
1103 IV, 12. 2 | 80 representatives of 35 EU and national diabetes associations;~-
1104 IV, 12. 2 | the recommendations of the EU Conference on Prevention
1105 IV, 12. 2 | in the form of Diabetes EU policy;~- the International
1106 IV, 12. 2 | presented the paper “Diabetes: EU Policy Recommendations”
1107 IV, 12. 2 | tobacco control in the EU~ ~Collective interventions
1108 IV, 12. 2 | tobacco use is a longstanding EU health priority. The EU
1109 IV, 12. 2 | EU health priority. The EU has been actively contributing
1110 IV, 12. 2 | have an impact outside the EU region, by fostering international
1111 IV, 12. 2 | control at a global level.~ ~EU action focuses on supporting
1112 IV, 12. 2 | The quest for a smoke free EU also forms part of the Environment
1113 IV, 12. 2 | legal competencies of the EU enable it to make some unique
1114 IV, 12. 2 | advancement of tobacco control at EU and Member State level.
1115 IV, 12. 2 | provide the legal base for EU policy and action in the
1116 IV, 12. 2 | developed to support the EU’s efforts in the area of
1117 IV, 12. 2 | exposure to tobacco smoke.' The EU Council approved the FCTC
1118 IV, 12. 2 | Commission Communication on EU alcohol strategy, 2006~http
1119 IV, 12. 3 | mayor companies across the EU and covering some 14.5 million
1120 IV, 12. 4 | Co-ordination mechanisms for EU health activities~ ~There
1121 IV, 12. 4 | promotional campaigns for EU agricultural products,~information
1122 IV, 12. 4 | markets~ ~DEV~Health in EC and EU development policy, ACP
1123 IV, 12. 4 | hazards.~ ~ELARG~Assisting EU accession countries to put
1124 IV, 12. 4 | and migration within the EU);~· centres of reference,
1125 IV, 12. 4 | an important role in the EU decision-making process.
1126 IV, 12. 4 | or workers is at stake, EU agencies were created to
1127 IV, 12. 4 | Programme (http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/
1128 IV, 12. 4 | Programme (http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/
1129 IV, 12. 5 | agreement on the general EU budgetary perspectives for
1130 IV, 12. 5 | preparing for coordinated EU and international responses
1131 IV, 12. 5 | Health Indicators~ ~Several EU co-funded projects have
1132 IV, 12. 5 | Prior to acceptance as EU Structural Indicator, HLY
1133 IV, 12. 5 | harmonization both within the EU and wider. Specifically
1134 IV, 12. 5 | Indicators should cover all the EU Member States plus Iceland,
1135 IV, 12. 5 | variability in DFLE across EU Member States and the differing
1136 IV, 12. 5 | age 65 years for selected EU Member States - men.~ ~Figure
1137 IV, 12. 5 | age 65 years for selected EU Member States - women.~ ~
1138 IV, 12. 5 | these indicators in the EU member states. This ongoing
1139 IV, 12. 5 | the official launch of the EU Health Portal in 2006 (htt ).
1140 IV, 12. 5 | given to the right of the EU population to receive simple,
1141 IV, 12. 5 | European scientists from all EU countries and thus contributing
1142 IV, 12. 6 | in at least half of the EU Member States.~ ~
1143 IV, 12. 7 | 2002 and 2007. The Finnish EU presidency in the latter
1144 IV, 12. 7 | Strategic Approach for the EU 2008-2013 as the Commission’
1145 IV, 12. 7 | Ministerial Delegation of all the EU Member States at the end
1146 IV, 12. 8 | of the development of the EU health competences. With
1147 IV, 12. 8 | aid, the primary focus of EU health policy is the protection
1148 IV, 12. 8 | health activities within the EU. Furthermore, such initiatives
1149 IV, 12. 8 | regional competence, the EU negotiations with Third
1150 IV, 12. 8 | the common discipline of EU prerogatives.~ ~The chief
1151 IV, 12. 8 | relevant the expertise of EU agencies. There are numerous
1152 IV, 12. 8 | between the Commission, EU agencies and health authorities
1153 IV, 12. 8 | latest enlargements of the EU from 15 to 27 member States (
1154 IV, 12. 8 | programmes using specific EU external programmes (TACIS
1155 IV, 12. 8 | directly associated to the EU Public Health Programme.~ ~
1156 IV, 12. 8 | Member States can use the EU Structural Funds for regional
1157 IV, 12. 8 | accept to take on board EU legislation on health and
1158 IV, 12. 8 | during the preparation of all EU measures. They are furthermore
1159 IV, 12. 8 | an important role in the EU agencies, such as the European
1160 IV, 12. 8 | European countries. The EU Structural Funds, together
1161 IV, 12. 9 | variety of international EU initiatives in recent years
1162 IV, 12. 10 | Priorities and initiatives of the EU Council Presidencies since
1163 IV, 12. 10 | adopted in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1164 IV, 12. 10 | improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of initiative (
1165 IV, 12. 10 | advertising (implementation of EU guideline 2003/33/EG) in
1166 IV, 12. 10 | environment are now covered by the EU REACH-Directive that harmonises
1167 IV, 12. 10 | transposes the regulations of the EU REACH-Directive into national
1168 IV, 12. 10 | adopted in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1169 IV, 12. 10 | improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of initiative (
1170 IV, 12. 10 | States in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1171 IV, 12. 10 | improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of initiative (
1172 IV, 12. 10 | programme~High~In line with the EU Drugs Action Plan~developments
1173 IV, 12. 10 | similar services in other EU member states through research
1174 IV, 12. 10 | foods in compliance with the EU Directive 93/43. According
1175 IV, 12. 10 | 75/117 and 76/207 of the EU.~o Law 2839/2000: Balanced
1176 IV, 12. 10 | adopted in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1177 IV, 12. 10 | improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of initiative (
1178 IV, 12. 10 | adopted in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1179 IV, 12. 10 | improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of initiative (
1180 IV, 12. 10 | adopted in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1181 IV, 12. 10 | adopted in relation with EU initiatives to improve public
1182 IV, 12. 10 | improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of initiative (
1183 IV, 13.Acr | international level. In the EU, following the Maastricht
1184 IV, 13.Acr | diseases. The latest of the EU’s multi-annual public health
1185 IV, 13. 1 | mortality indicators among EU Member States~ ~The data
1186 IV, 13. 1 | occurring among different EU Member States in some cases
1187 IV, 13. 1 | expectancy in different EU countries.~ ~Table 13.1.
1188 IV, 13. 1 | non-communicable causes in EU 27~ ~These considerable
1189 IV, 13. 1 | different sectors and that each EU Member State has a different
1190 IV, 13. 1 | Moreover, the collaboration at EU level is of fundamental
1191 IV, 13. 2. 2 | Health concluded that in the EU, poor nutrition accounted
1192 IV, 13. 2. 2 | of disease burden in the EU accounting for about 12%
1193 IV, 13. 2. 4 | burden of disease in the EU even further.~ ~It is clear
1194 IV, 13. 3 | population overall, some 16% of EU citizens, i.e. 78 million
1195 IV, 13. 3 | status of health in the EU is improving fast and that
1196 IV, 13. 3 | health data concerning the EU Member States are compared.
1197 IV, 13. 3 | always guaranteed. Some 8% of EU citizens live at a risk
1198 IV, 13. 3 | population overall, some 16% of EU citizens, i.e. 78 million
1199 IV, 13. 4 | role in most areas of the EU Migration policy namely:~·
1200 IV, 13. 4 | focus theme for 2010. The EU has already adopted specific
1201 IV, 13. 4 | women. Particularly in the EU Member States facing such
1202 IV, 13. 4 | provision. PROGRESS is the EU’s new employment and social
1203 IV, 13. 4 | its mainstreaming in all EU policies.~ ~For further
1204 IV, 13. 5 | women (Jacobzone, 1999).~ ~EU Member States have realised
1205 IV, 13. 5 | the Commission invited all EU Health Ministers, a representative
1206 IV, 13. 5 | and migration within the EU);~· centres of reference,
1207 IV, 13. 5 | improved co-operation at EU level among national health
1208 IV, 13. 7. 1 | strategic priorities at EU level for innovation. In
1209 IV, 13. 7. 1 | a political response at EU level bringing together
1210 IV, 13. 7. 2 | innovation gap between the EU and the US has narrowed
1211 IV, 13. 7. 2 | move closer towards the EU average.~ ~This snapshot
1212 IV, 13. 7. 2 | Over the past year, the EU improved its relative performance
1213 IV, 13. 7. 2 | compared to 10 in the US. The EU also leads in employment
1214 IV, 13. 7. 2 | in the US).~However, the EU lags behind in other key
1215 IV, 13. 7. 2 | the US (26.8%) than in the EU (18.4%) and the US files
1216 IV, 13. 7. 2 | behind Japan in 2005, the EU has reversed the trend,
1217 IV, 13. 7. 2 | penetration rate.~ ~Within the EU, there are still significant
1218 IV, 13. 7. 2 | not in isolation.~ ~As the EU's innovation policy becomes
1219 IV, 13. 7. 2 | important contribution to the EU's growth and jobs strategy.
1220 IV, 13. 7. 3 | employment needs of the EU, with a budget more than
1221 IV, 13. 7. 3 | domain. The Environment area (EU 1.9 billion) facilitates
1222 IV, 13. 7. 3 | collaboration throughout the EU complementarity and cooperation
1223 IV, 13. 7. 3 | have been activated by the EU for the development of networks
1224 IV, 13. 7. 5 | a European context, the EU Directive on Data Protection (
1225 IV, 13. 7. 5 | importance in this regard (EU, 1995).~ ~Article 8 of the
1226 IV, 13. 7. 5 | supervisory authority.~ ~All EU Member States have transposed
1227 IV, 13. 7. 5 | implementing structures of the EU Public Health Programme)
1228 IV, 13. 7. 5 | Working Party, an independent EU Advisory Body on Data Protection
1229 IV, 13. 8 | Union.~Comparable data at EU level and in the different
1230 IV, 13. 8 | actor in health politics at EU and national level, in most
1231 IV, 13. 8 | within Member States of the EU and the UN, the definition
1232 IV, 13. 8 | 2001)~ ~Participating in EU decision making processes~ ~
1233 IV, 13. 8 | Advocating for public health at EU level~ ~Along with informal
1234 IV, 13. 8 | and direct contacts with EU officials, there are many
1235 IV, 13. 8 | decision making process at EU level.~A first step is to
1236 IV, 13. 8 | few examples include the EU Health policy Forum, the
1237 IV, 13. 8 | the health strategy of the EU.~ ~NGOs can also find allies
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