Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 3 | tuberculosis, malaria, Hansen disease, leishmaniosis and filariasis)
2 I, 2. 4 | including cardiovascular disease, many cancers, and injury.~ ~
3 I, 2. 4 | improvements in cardiovascular disease mortality. This was due
4 I, 2. 9 | and the associated Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis
5 I, 2. 9 | Some water- and food-borne disease outbreaks are expected to
6 I, 2. 10. 1 | biological factors which drive disease mechanisms, in particular
7 I, 2. 10. 1 | prevention. Inter alia, disease prevention programme and
8 II, 4. 1 | promoting health and preventing disease in order to counteract the
9 II, 4. 1 | nationwide health promotion and disease prevention agenda, known
10 II, 4. 2 | mortality by respiratory disease was responsible for one
11 II, 4. 2 | decline in mortality in heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
12 II, 4. 2 | disease and cerebrovascular disease together caused one fourth
13 II, 4. 2 | heart and cerebrovascular disease caused 40% of the increase
14 II, 4. 2 | mortality by ischemic heart disease was particularly large,
15 II, 4. 2 | mortality by cerebrovascular disease was large. In the 1990s,
16 II, 4. 2 | mortality by ischemic heart disease continued to be the most
17 II, 4. 2 | heart and cerebrovascular disease contributed almost 60% to
18 II, 4. 2 | mortality by circulatory disease was even larger than the
19 II, 5. 1. 1 | musculoskeletal diseases; mental disease and disorders; neurodegenerative
20 II, 5. 1. 1 | an important element of disease management for all conditions.~ ~
21 II, 5. 1. 1 | Proportion of cardiovascular disease, cancer and violence (injury
22 II, 5. 1. 1 | Proportion of cardiovascular disease, cancer and violence (injury
23 II, 5. 1. 1 | CVD is a multifactorial disease, which means that several
24 II, 5. 1. 1 | towards progression to the disease. Further risk factors for
25 II, 5. 1. 1 | acromegaly or Cushing’s disease can lead to increased insulin
26 II, 5. 1. 1 | meaning that patients with the disease eventually may also present
27 II, 5. 1. 1 | individuals.~ ~· Parkinson’s Disease~The cause of the neurodegenerative
28 II, 5. 1. 1 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease~Active and passive cigarette
29 II, 5. 1. 1 | history of obstructive airway disease and socioeconomic group
30 II, 5. 1. 1 | smokers.~Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease~
31 II, 5. 1. 1 | Disease and End Stage Renal Disease~Hypertension and diabetes,
32 II, 5. 1. 1 | milk, fish and nuts~Celiac disease (also known as gluten-induced
33 II, 5. 1. 1 | recognized causes of this disease, i.e., hepatitis B and C
34 II, 5. 1. 1 | factors for periodontal disease relate to poor oral hygiene,
35 II, 5. 1. 1 | between untreated periodontal disease and other health problems,
36 II, 5. 1. 1 | problems, including heart disease, stroke, obstructive pulmonary
37 II, 5. 1. 1 | stroke, obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes. It has been
38 II, 5. 1. 1 | develop severe periodontal disease.~Overweight and obesity~
39 II, 5. 1. 2 | as to how to control the disease. Patient-centeredness is
40 II, 5. 1. 2 | overused. The bearer of a disease, the patient, is a unique
41 II, 5. 1. 2 | may suffer from the same disease and may have the same type
42 II, 5. 1. 2 | concept of illness versus disease, the latter being much easier
43 II, 5. 1. 2 | successful management of the disease is closely linked to personal
44 II, 5. 1. 3 | in the field of chronic disease prevention).~The management
45 II, 5. 1. 3 | the management of his/her disease. This approach is called “
46 II, 5. 1. 3 | their lives despite their disease. It is, therefore, a continuous
47 II, 5. 1. 3 | support for what concerns the disease, prescribed treatment, care,
48 II, 5. 1. 3 | families understand the disease and the treatment, cooperate
49 II, 5. 1. 3 | processes (coping with the disease, locus of control, health
50 II, 5. 1. 3 | adapted to the course of the disease, to the patient and to his/
51 II, 5. 1. 3 | to patients about their disease rather than train them in
52 II, 5. 1. 3 | their particular chronic disease as well as in coping processes
53 II, 5. 1. 4 | person affected by a chronic disease is a member of society just
54 II, 5. 1. 4 | society regardless of his/her disease, as this should not have
55 II, 5. 1. 4 | which can help to manage the disease. The patient also needs
56 II, 5. 1. 4 | suffering from a chronic disease is essential. The same goes
57 II, 5. 1. 4 | the consequences that the disease may have on sexuality and
58 II, 5. 1. 4 | suffering from a specific disease.~ ~· At work: information
59 II, 5. 1. 4 | for people with a chronic disease and information about how
60 II, 5. 1. 4 | about how to deal with the disease when practicing a sport
61 II, 5. 1. 4 | about how to deal with the disease while on vacation.~ ~· Driving
62 II, 5. 2.Acr | Graft~CHD~Coronary Heart Disease~CT-Scan~Computed Tomography
63 II, 5. 2.Acr | Scan~CVD~Cardiovascular Disease~DBP~Diastolic Blood Pressure~
64 II, 5. 2.Acr | International Classification of Disease~IHD~Ischemic Heart Disease~
65 II, 5. 2.Acr | Disease~IHD~Ischemic Heart Disease~LDL~Low Density Lipoprotein~
66 II, 5. 2. 1 | origin such as ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Ischemic
67 II, 5. 2. 1 | and stroke. Ischemic heart disease and stroke, are the main
68 II, 5. 2. 1 | die from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and one in ten men
69 II, 5. 2. 1 | stroke.~ ~Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for almost
70 II, 5. 2. 1 | eight women die from this disease; many more suffer from non-fatal
71 II, 5. 2. 2 | determinants of Cardiovascular disease (WHO MONICA) (ht /, 2007)
72 II, 5. 2. 2 | 5.2.2.1. Ischemic heart disease~ ~Mortality~EUROSTAT data
73 II, 5. 2. 2 | affected by severity of the disease and impact of the treatments.
74 II, 5. 2. 2 | affected by severity of the disease and impacts of the treatments.
75 II, 5. 2. 2 | CVD is a multifactorial disease, which means that several
76 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.3.1. Ischemic heart disease~ ~Mortality~ ~CVD is the
77 II, 5. 2. 3 | fatality from coronary heart disease (CHD) was higher in many
78 II, 5. 2. 3 | for the cerebrovascular disease aggregate group, including
79 II, 5. 2. 3 | eight women die from this disease (Allender et al, 2008).
80 II, 5. 2. 3 | demonstrates that stroke is a disease that mainly affects the
81 II, 5. 2. 3 | 100.000 Cerebrovascular disease (codes ICD-9 430-38) - Men
82 II, 5. 2. 3 | 100.000 Cerebrovascular disease (codes ICD-9 430-38) - Women
83 II, 5. 2. 3 | of stroke or changes in disease severity (Sarti et al, 2003).~ ~
84 II, 5. 2. 4 | over or under which the disease does not develop: risk factors
85 II, 5. 2. 4 | the risk of developing the disease is to keep levels of risk
86 II, 5. 2. 5 | is important to monitor disease trends, treatments and risk
87 II, 5. 2. 5 | Prevention of coronary heart disease distinguished (WHO, 1982)
88 II, 5. 2. 5 | people at risk to develop the disease, help those at high risk
89 II, 5. 2. 5 | other lifestyle-related disease. Twenty years later, major
90 II, 5. 2. 5 | approaches are likely to include disease management programmes, population-based
91 II, 5. 2. 5 | These approaches will foster disease (including CVD) control
92 II, 5. 2. 6 | the natural history of the disease or in presence of less severe
93 II, 5. 2. 6 | changes in international disease classification pose new
94 II, 5. 2. 6 | for the comparability of disease indicators. All these factors
95 II, 5. 2. 6 | producing spurious trends of disease frequency, severity, prognosis
96 II, 5. 2. 6 | 2007)~IHD is a complex disease that can be prevented through
97 II, 5. 2. 6 | mortality for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) (Keys A et al, 1966).
98 II, 5. 2. 6 | and of peripheral vascular disease (Kannel WB, 1996). The association
99 II, 5. 2. 6 | diabetes, and coronary heart disease: insights from the Framingham
100 II, 5. 2. 6 | related to coronary heart disease: characteristics of men
101 II, 5. 2. 6 | the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality in elderly
102 II, 5. 2. 6 | death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings
103 II, 5. 2. 6 | the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 345: 1291-
104 II, 5. 2. 7 | European cardiovascular disease statistics. EHN: Bruxelles.~
105 II, 5. 2. 7 | guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice:
106 II, 5. 2. 7 | nonfatal coronary heart disease events. JAMA 290: 891-897.~Gru ).
107 II, 5. 2. 7 | Risks of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Relation to
108 II, 5. 2. 7 | and 10-year coronary heart disease incidence in women and men:
109 II, 5. 2. 7 | European cardiovascular disease statistics. BHF: London.~
110 II, 5. 2. 7 | mortality from ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular
111 II, 5. 2. 7 | International mortality from heart disease: rates and trends. Int J
112 II, 5. 2. 7 | and mortality from heart disease in 26 countries from 1950
113 II, 5. 2. 7 | changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results
114 II, 5. 2. 7 | determinants in cardiovascular disease. Lancet 353:1547-57.~Tunstall-Pedoe
115 II, 5. 2. 7 | rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO
116 II, 5. 2. 7 | Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in industrialized
117 II, 5. 2. 7 | Prevention of coronary heart disease. WHO Technical report Series
118 II, 5. 3. 1 | Cancer is a highly complex disease as demonstrated by the fact
119 II, 5. 3. 1 | fact, cancer is mainly a disease of older age. The LE of
120 II, 5. 3. 7 | the different forms of the disease. Avoiding exposure to risk
121 II, 5. 3. 7 | Cancer as ways to avoid the disease (Boyle et al, 2003).~ ~See
122 II, 5. 3. 7 | reduce the incidence of the disease when too advanced for treatment,
123 II, 5. 3. 7 | is an early detection of disease that is not yet clinically
124 II, 5. 3. 8 | expectancy makes cancer a disease of the elderly, and because
125 II, 5. 3. 8 | transformed cancer from being one disease into many rare diseases,
126 II, 5. 4. 1 | Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, characterised by hyperglycaemia,
127 II, 5. 4. 1 | particular cardiovascular disease contribute to high morbidity
128 II, 5. 4. 1 | with the progression of the disease include an excessive excretion
129 II, 5. 4. 1 | population is affected by the disease, with a worldwide increase
130 II, 5. 4. 1 | but less apparent; the disease is diagnosed later, when
131 II, 5. 4. 1 | obesity, the onset of the disease has become more frequent
132 II, 5. 4. 1 | basis for the onset of the disease. People of working age are
133 II, 5. 4. 1 | to the occurrence of the disease, leading about 10% of those
134 II, 5. 4. 2 | of the prevalence of the disease, risk factors, quality of
135 II, 5. 4. 2 | itself is a multifactorial disease, with a large number of
136 II, 5. 4. 2 | denominators are not known, since disease management programs and/
137 II, 5. 4. 2 | in this heavy burden of disease and death can be achieved.~ ~
138 II, 5. 4. 2 | amputation aggravated heart disease and stroke, - should be
139 II, 5. 4. 2 | by collecting data in a disease management program or one
140 II, 5. 4. 2 | amputation rates~Kidney disease in persons with diabetes~
141 II, 5. 4. 2 | reliable information on the disease status. As such, it should
142 II, 5. 4. 2 | the cost of this chronic disease.~To make targets clearer
143 II, 5. 4. 4 | increasingly threatening disease that is growing at an alarming
144 II, 5. 4. 4 | proper management of the disease. Although more complete
145 II, 5. 4. 5 | drives progression to the disease.~Further risk factors for
146 II, 5. 4. 5 | acromegaly or Cushing’s disease can lead to increased insulin
147 II, 5. 4. 5 | meaning that patients with the disease may eventually also have
148 II, 5. 4. 6 | observed in both forms of the disease, can be reduced or even
149 II, 5. 4. 6 | modify the progression of the disease. An early diagnosis and/
150 II, 5. 4. 6 | the epidemiology of this disease and its complications, as
151 II, 5. 4. 6 | relevant information on the disease), validity (they should
152 II, 5. 4. 6 | prevent the occurrence of the disease, it is also very important
153 II, 5. 4. 6 | diabetes and cardiovascular disease share many risk factors,
154 II, 5. 4. 6 | right attitude towards the disease. National governments should
155 II, 5. 4. 6 | wide strategy to tackle the disease;~· the recommendations of
156 II, 5. 4. 6 | determinants, of evidence-based disease prevention, screening~·
157 II, 5. 4. 6 | Diabetes recognised the disease as a global health threat
158 II, 5. 4. 7 | strategy also apply to other disease areas, particularly chronic
159 II, 5. 4. 7 | the ability to report the disease in a timely manner. However,
160 II, 5. 4. 7 | of clinicians joining a disease management program or an
161 II, 5. 4. 7 | and the progression of the disease.~ ~
162 II, 5. 5.Acr | Acronyms~ ~AD~Alzheimer’s Disease~ESEMeD~European Study of
163 II, 5. 5.Int | of the global burden of disease attributable to mental and
164 II, 5. 5.Int | highest-ranking cause of disease in the developed world14.~ ~
165 II, 5. 5.Int | represents 20% of the burden of disease.~ ~The lifetime incidence
166 II, 5. 5.Int | Only cardiovascular disease has a greater toll on morbidity
167 II, 5. 5.Int | individuals. The Global Burden of Disease Study17, judged depression
168 II, 5. 5.Int | as the leading cause of disease burden worldwide.~ ~Eating
169 II, 5. 5.Int(17)| 2006): Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors [on-line
170 II, 5. 5.Int | years rates of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) increase in women but
171 II, 5. 5.Int | 3.7 million people. The disease usually first affects young
172 II, 5. 5. 1 | associated with physical chronic disease. Negative life-events, especially
173 II, 5. 5. 1 | is obviously not a mental disease, its association with mood
174 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorder and some somatic disease as Work Days Lost (WDL).~ ~
175 II, 5. 5. 2 | Dementia including Alzheimer’s disease~ ~
176 II, 5. 5. 2 | cells. It is not actually a disease but rather a syndrome (a
177 II, 5. 5. 2 | delaying the onset of the disease by five years would halve
178 II, 5. 5. 2 | on behalf of Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI). For
179 II, 5. 5. 2 | different stages of the disease. This is a drawback to existing
180 II, 5. 5. 2 | by research methodology, disease type, age range, date and
181 II, 5. 5. 2 | in particular Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia).
182 II, 5. 5. 2 | people with Alzheimer’s disease are cared for at home by
183 II, 5. 5. 2 | socio-economic cost of Alzheimer’s disease.~ ~In 1996 and 1998, the
184 II, 5. 5. 2 | resolutions25 to Alzheimer’s disease in which it stressed the
185 II, 5. 5. 2 | affected by Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.
186 II, 5. 5. 2 | funding for Alzheimer’s disease projects has since been
187 II, 5. 5. 2 | treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and boost research into
188 II, 5. 5. 2(25)| 17/04/1996 on Alzheimer’s disease and the prevention of disorders
189 II, 5. 5. 2(25)| 11/03/1998 on Alzheimer’s disease~
190 II, 5. 5. 2 | discovery of Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer Europe, 2007a).
191 II, 5. 5. 2 | dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in an optimal manner. The
192 II, 5. 5. 2 | deficit regarding Alzheimer’s disease;~· As a follow-up to the
193 II, 5. 5. 2 | 17/04/1996 on Alzheimer’s disease and the prevention of disorders
194 II, 5. 5. 2 | 11/03/1998 on Alzheimer’s disease~ ~ ~
195 II, 5. 5. 3 | System Atrophy~PD~Parkinson’s disease~PSP~Progressive Supranuclear
196 II, 5. 5. 3 | to severe disability with disease onset usually in early adulthood.
197 II, 5. 5. 3 | Aetiology – Symptoms – Course of disease~The aetiology is only partly
198 II, 5. 5. 3 | the multitude of clinical disease course types, one should
199 II, 5. 5. 3 | symptoms. The course of the disease is quite variable; about
200 II, 5. 5. 3 | provided (WHO, 2005b)~Burden of disease~Compared to other psychiatric
201 II, 5. 5. 3 | schizophrenia and the burden of the disease. In addition – even in times
202 II, 5. 5. 3 | Schizophrenia itself is no fatal disease although it is associated
203 II, 5. 5. 3 | the complex aspects of the disease burden. Hence the data presented
204 II, 5. 5. 3 | representing the burden of disease are death rates due to the
205 II, 5. 5. 3 | report and the 1996 Burden of disease study – although not congruent
206 II, 5. 5. 3 | versus persistence of the disease and how these factors can
207 II, 5. 5. 3 | of the Global burden of disease study (Mathers and Loncar,
208 II, 5. 5. 3 | poisonings and cardiovascular disease. Mortality due to cardiovascular
209 II, 5. 5. 3 | Mortality due to cardiovascular disease was more pronounced in middle
210 II, 5. 5. 3 | to the Global Burden of Disease estimates, amounting to
211 II, 5. 5. 3 | a long and debilitating disease course.~Co-morbidity~People
212 II, 5. 5. 3 | indicator for a more severe disease course and poorer outcome.
213 II, 5. 5. 3 | with co-morbid addictive disease is a great challenge for
214 II, 5. 5. 3 | one must be aware that the disease burden due to schizophrenia
215 II, 5. 5. 3 | psychosocial consequences of the disease may develop. Besides, delayed
216 II, 5. 5. 3 | during this phase of the disease is apt to reduce the incidence
217 II, 5. 5. 3 | increased burden of the disease due to more severe courses
218 II, 5. 5. 3 | during the course of the disease – practice does not necessarily
219 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders represent 20% of the disease burden, only 5.7% of the
220 II, 5. 5. 3 | with a chronic course of disease.~Figure 5.5.3.2.6. Experiences
221 II, 5. 5. 3 | schizophrenia, being a very severe disease which affords long hospital
222 II, 5. 5. 3 | and the implementation of disease management programmes would
223 II, 5. 5. 3 | Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS
224 II, 5. 5. 3 | best basis for inferring disease frequency trends from multiple
225 II, 5. 5. 3 | America, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (
226 II, 5. 5. 3 | financial burden of the disease and monitor ongoing trends
227 II, 5. 5. 3 | Estimating the Burden of Disease for Autism Spectrum Disorders
228 II, 5. 5. 3 | In these studies, the disease was diagnosed through a
229 II, 5. 5. 3 | and consequences of the disease in Europe and in the rest
230 II, 5. 5. 3 | and the concealment of the disease in women due to socio-cultural
231 II, 5. 5. 3 | of the incidence of the disease, mostly in children. Although
232 II, 5. 5. 3 | increased ascertainment of the disease in this age group.~There
233 II, 5. 5. 3 | first 10 to 14 years of disease. Generalised tonic-clonic
234 II, 5. 5. 3 | coding system was used for disease classification. Patients
235 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders and Alzheimer’s disease were, in decreasing order,
236 II, 5. 5. 3 | Control tools and policies~ ~Disease severity and poor seizure
237 II, 5. 5. 3 | regulations and outlined the main disease characteristics to adapt
238 II, 5. 5. 3 | aspects of the spectrum of the disease and achieve harmonization
239 II, 5. 5. 3 | incorrect management of the disease. In this regard, the published
240 II, 5. 5. 3 | etiology is unknown. The disease shows heterogeneity with
241 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence by age, sex, disease course and disability,and
242 II, 5. 5. 3 | The distribution of the disease course consisted in the
243 II, 5. 5. 3 | the natural history of the disease (Koch-Henriksen and Hyllested,
244 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients with MS, course of the disease, and their social situation
245 II, 5. 5. 3 | informative with regards to disease burden. The most relevant
246 II, 5. 5. 3 | distribution of MS in Europe by disease course~ ~The reported prevalence-based
247 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence-based distribution of disease course is reported in Table
248 II, 5. 5. 3 | Multiple Sclerosis patients by disease course in selected EUGLOREH
249 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence-based distribution of disease severity indicated by means
250 II, 5. 5. 3 | Multiple Sclerosis patients by disease severity (EDSS) in selected
251 II, 5. 5. 3 | distribution of prevalent cases by disease severity and course, and
252 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries where the degree of disease investigation is also higher,
253 II, 5. 5. 3 | categorising variables (age group, disease course, disease severity)
254 II, 5. 5. 3 | age group, disease course, disease severity) was observed among
255 II, 5. 5. 3 | observed among studies. As for disease course, due to the remarkable
256 II, 5. 5. 3 | PP-MS is sometimes reported. Disease course categorisation is
257 II, 5. 5. 3 | the impact on the global disease socio-economic burden.~ ~
258 II, 5. 5. 3 | lifetime adjusted for the disease severity due to mental and/
259 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence rates, age at disease onset, life expectancy at
260 II, 5. 5. 3 | onset, life expectancy at disease onset, age at death, degree
261 II, 5. 5. 3 | onset will increase the disease burden due to the greater
262 II, 5. 5. 3 | proportional greater burden of disease in the future.~MS social
263 II, 5. 5. 3 | risk factors, studies of disease should be started although
264 II, 5. 5. 3 | RR-MS), a clearly defined disease with relapses with full
265 II, 5. 5. 3 | characterized by a lack of disease progression, (b) progressive-relapsing
266 II, 5. 5. 3 | MS (PR-MS), progressive disease from onset with clear superimposed
267 II, 5. 5. 3 | primary-progressive MS (PP-MS), disease with progression from onset
268 II, 5. 5. 3 | epidemiological studies on MS, the disease course is often more simply
269 II, 5. 5. 3 | further progression of the disease. Based on available evidence,
270 II, 5. 5. 3 | reduce the progression of the disease, yet many people affected
271 II, 5. 5. 3 | Larocca, 1985) identified disease and demographic characteristics (
272 II, 5. 5. 3 | not to the severity of the disease or to demographic differences
273 II, 5. 5. 3 | identifying demographic and disease characteristics that differentiate
274 II, 5. 5. 3 | in which the cost of the disease of MS on the individual
275 II, 5. 5. 3 | for the management of the disease. There is no cure for MS,
276 II, 5. 5. 3 | of clinical forms of the disease and functional status of
277 II, 5. 5. 3 | refining the global burden of disease approach: a response to
278 II, 5. 5. 3 | and primary progressive disease courses. J Neurol Neurosurg
279 II, 5. 5. 3 | Revised Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2002 Estimates. In:
280 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.6. Parkinson’s disease~ ~ ~
281 II, 5. 5. 3 | Introduction~ ~Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most
282 II, 5. 5. 3 | Vanacore, 2005).~Although, the disease is diagnosed by its impairment
283 II, 5. 5. 3 | burden (Global Parkinson’s Disease Survey Steering Committee,
284 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment options available, the disease results in severe disability (
285 II, 5. 5. 3 | of cases of Parkinson’s disease in Europe~ ~Figure 5.5.3.
286 II, 5. 5. 3 | of cases of Parkinson’s disease in selected EUGLOREH countries~
287 II, 5. 5. 3 | Incidence studies of Parkinson’s disease in Europe.~ ~Crude incidence
288 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence studies of Parkinson’s disease in Europe.~ ~Estimates of
289 II, 5. 5. 3 | distribution of the extent of the disease are important for healthcare
290 II, 5. 5. 3 | the early stages of the disease (Findley et al, 2003; Spottke
291 II, 5. 5. 3 | Distribution of Parkinson’s disease cases according to the Hoehn &
292 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients with advanced disease have a lower probability
293 II, 5. 5. 3 | of advanced stages of the disease (Evers and Obladen, 1994;
294 II, 5. 5. 3 | Distribution of Parkinson’s disease cases according to the Hoehn &
295 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients (Global Parkinson’s Disease Survey Steering Committee,
296 II, 5. 5. 3 | 6.3. Cost of Parkinson’s disease stratified by disease severity~ ~
297 II, 5. 5. 3 | s disease stratified by disease severity~ ~The review has
298 II, 5. 5. 3 | PD markedly increase with disease progression, and iii) the
299 II, 5. 5. 3 | the early stages of the disease. A similar increase of costs
300 II, 5. 5. 3 | increasing severity of the disease has also been described
301 II, 5. 5. 3 | 1988). In patients with a disease onset after 60, no income
302 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients with an earlier disease onset a reduced income was
303 II, 5. 5. 3 | depended on the duration of disease. 25% of the PD patients
304 II, 5. 5. 3 | working within 5 years after disease onset, and this figure rose
305 II, 5. 5. 3 | five to nine years after disease onset.~Similar data were
306 II, 5. 5. 3 | neurodegenerative process in Parkinson’s disease is still unknown. Purely
307 II, 5. 5. 3 | genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease have been identified, however,
308 II, 5. 5. 3 | decreased risk for Parkinson’s disease (Elbaz and Tranchant, 2007;
309 II, 5. 5. 3 | or decreased Parkinson’s disease risk, but the associations
310 II, 5. 5. 3 | halt the progression of the disease.~ ~Policies~No specific
311 II, 5. 5. 3 | people with Parkinson’s disease. Most plans and projects
312 II, 5. 5. 3 | and Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease - was a multinational project
313 II, 5. 5. 3 | well defined Parkinson’s disease out-patients, by means of
314 II, 5. 5. 3 | utilities of Parkinson’s disease. (EuroPa Consortium, 2004)~
315 II, 5. 5. 3 | et al, 2005). Parkinson’s disease has been selected as one
316 II, 5. 5. 3 | placement in Parkinson’s disease: a population-based, prospective
317 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence surveys of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 13(4):626-632.~
318 II, 5. 5. 3 | Dietary factors in Parkinson’s disease: the role of food groups
319 II, 5. 5. 3 | Inzitari D (2000): Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal
320 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease and other types of Parkinsonism.
321 II, 5. 5. 3 | Miller H (1966): Neurological disease in an English city. Acta
322 II, 5. 5. 3 | Nongenetic causes of Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neural transmission(
323 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Northwestern Italy: comparison
324 II, 5. 5. 3 | health burdens of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 13(3):406-413.~
325 II, 5. 5. 3 | and care in Parkinson’s disease. Br J Clin Pract 49(6):288-
326 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Cantalejo, Spain: a door-to-door
327 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in the Republic of San Marino.
328 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in the elderly: the Rotterdam
329 II, 5. 5. 3 | parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease in Europe: the EUROPARKINSON
330 II, 5. 5. 3 | Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery,
331 II, 5. 5. 3 | economic impact of Parkinson’s disease. An estimation based on
332 II, 5. 5. 3 | of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations,
333 II, 5. 5. 3 | economic impact of Parkinson’s disease. Drugs Aging 23(9):693-721.~
334 II, 5. 5. 3 | cause of death in Parkinson disease. Versicherungsmedizin /
335 II, 5. 5. 3 | exposures in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 262:37-44.~
336 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in lower Aragon, Spain.
337 II, 5. 5. 3 | Research of Parkinson’s Disease. Moving Along 5 (1): 6.
338 II, 5. 5. 3 | and therapy of Parkinson disease in inpatient nursing homes.
339 II, 5. 5. 3 | the risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in
340 II, 5. 5. 3 | economic impact of Parkinson’s disease: a research survey in the
341 II, 5. 5. 3 | genetics of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 22 Suppl 17:
342 II, 5. 5. 3 | S343-350.~Global Parkinson’s Disease Survey Steering Committee (
343 II, 5. 5. 3 | quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: results from an international
344 II, 5. 5. 3 | in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 43(11):2227-2229.~
345 II, 5. 5. 3 | Smoking and Parkinson’s disease: a dose-response relationship.
346 II, 5. 5. 3 | factors for Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 217(2):169-
347 II, 5. 5. 3 | Bastiani P (1991): Parkinson’s disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967
348 II, 5. 5. 3 | multicentre study of Parkinson’s disease: progression and mortality
349 II, 5. 5. 3 | Multicenter Study of Parkinson’s disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems
350 II, 5. 5. 3 | natural history of Parkinson’s disease in the pre-levodopa and
351 II, 5. 5. 3 | management of Parkinson’s disease. Report of a joint task
352 II, 5. 5. 3 | uncomplicated) Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol 13(11):1170-
353 II, 5. 5. 3 | of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a clinico-pathological
354 II, 5. 5. 3 | factors for Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord
355 II, 5. 5. 3 | 1999): Cost of illness and disease severity in a cohort of
356 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients with Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacoeconomics 16(1):
357 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2005): Cost of Parkinson’s disease in Europe. Eur J Neurol
358 II, 5. 5. 3 | risk factors in Parkinson disease: what is the evidence? Environ
359 II, 5. 5. 3 | the cost of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 22(6):804-812.~
360 II, 5. 5. 3 | Roy SK (1986): Parkinson’s disease in a Scottish city. Br Med
361 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: a door-to-door survey in
362 II, 5. 5. 3 | nicotine and Parkinson’s disease. Trends Neurosci 27(9):561-
363 II, 5. 5. 3 | with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease : Results from the German
364 II, 5. 5. 3 | Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia (GEPAD). Journal
365 II, 5. 5. 3 | frequency of Parkinson’s disease in the Province of Nuoro (
366 II, 5. 5. 3 | The risk of Parkinson disease in Mediterranean people.
367 II, 5. 5. 3 | fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. A community-based study.
368 II, 5. 5. 3 | Social costs of Parkinson’s disease. J Chronic Dis 26(4):243-
369 II, 5. 5. 3 | predictors for Parkinson’s disease in Germany. Pharmacoeconomics
370 II, 5. 5. 3 | McQuillan WJ (1985): Parkinson’s disease in the district of the Northampton
371 II, 5. 5. 3 | Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease and akinetic syndromes.
372 II, 5. 5. 3 | the cause of Parkinson’s disease environmental or hereditary?
373 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence studies of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 18(1):19-31.~
374 II, 5. 5. 3 | in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: Olmsted County project.
375 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in the elderly using pharmacy
376 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence of Parkinson’s disease in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol
377 II, 5. 5. 3 | The burden of Parkinson’s disease on society, family, and
378 II, 5. 5. 3 | Yahr scale~PD~Parkinson’s disease~SMR~Standardized Mortality
379 II, 5. 6. 1 | one of the most expensive disease categories (Jacobson and
380 II, 5. 6. 2 | WHO Global Burden of Disease 2000 revision~· The Burden
381 II, 5. 6. 3 | were the most expensive disease categories representing
382 II, 5. 6. 3 | history~ ~The course of the disease varies but is often progressive
383 II, 5. 6. 3 | overestimates of the burden of disease as radiological changes
384 II, 5. 6. 3 | in the Global Burden of Disease study that approximately
385 II, 5. 6. 3 | cause of non-fatal burden of disease in high income countries
386 II, 5. 6. 3 | according to severity of knee disease (Juni et al, 2003).~ ~Future
387 II, 5. 6. 3 | polyarthritis. The established disease is distinguished from other
388 II, 5. 6. 3 | little evidence of persistent disease in population studies in
389 II, 5. 6. 3 | effective in controlling disease activity and reducing long-term
390 II, 5. 6. 3 | treatment aimed at controlling disease activity is the present
391 II, 5. 6. 3 | to be the marker for RA disease severity rather than susceptibility (
392 II, 5. 6. 3 | age, female gender, longer disease duration at presentation,
393 II, 5. 6. 3 | age, female gender, longer disease duration at presentation,
394 II, 5. 6. 3 | be a severely disabling disease, but its impact is changing
395 II, 5. 6. 3 | over recent years with new disease modifying drugs, better
396 II, 5. 6. 3 | effective at controlling disease activity and reducing long-term
397 II, 5. 6. 3 | treatment aimed at controlling disease activity is the present
398 II, 5. 6. 3 | more severe form of the disease. Mortality is related to
399 II, 5. 6. 3 | especially cardiovascular disease and hypertension; formal
400 II, 5. 6. 3 | defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a low bone
401 II, 5. 6. 4 | is a major consequence of disease for the individual. A chronic
402 II, 5. 6. 6 | the hip: an occupational disease in farmers. BMJ 304:1269-
403 II, 5. 6. 6 | 2006): Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors ISBN-10:
404 II, 5. 6. 6 | influence of HLA-DRB1 genes on disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis.
405 II, 5. 6. 6 | osteoporosis of the rheumatic disease. A companion to rheumatology,
406 II, 5. 7 | 5.7. Chronic kidney disease and end stage renal~disease~ ~
407 II, 5. 7 | disease and end stage renal~disease~ ~
408 II, 5. 7.Acr | Communities~CKD~Chronic Kidney Disease~ESRD~End Stage Renal Disease~
409 II, 5. 7.Acr | Disease~ESRD~End Stage Renal Disease~EU~European Union~GFR~Glomerular
410 II, 5. 7.Acr | Haemodialysis~KDIGO~Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes~
411 II, 5. 7.Acr | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease~NHANES III~National Health
412 II, 5. 7. 1 | Introduction~ ~Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized
413 II, 5. 7. 1 | more than 3 months. The disease is categorized into 5 stages
414 II, 5. 7. 1 | development of end stage renal disease (ESRD), i.e. the disease
415 II, 5. 7. 1 | disease (ESRD), i.e. the disease stage where dialysis and
416 II, 5. 7. 1 | prevent or delay kidney disease progression and the resulting
417 II, 5. 7. 1 | progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD),~CKD was not listed
418 II, 5. 7. 1 | of CKD as a preventable disease is an important issue. Indeed
419 II, 5. 7. 1 | established by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (
420 II, 5. 7. 1 | Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease~ ~ ~Structural or functional
421 II, 5. 7. 2 | information on primary renal disease and the start date and type
422 II, 5. 7. 3 | Prevalence of chronic kidney disease per stage in two EU Countries~ ~
423 II, 5. 7. 3 | stages 3-5 of chronic kidney disease in selected EUGLOREH countries.~ ~
424 II, 5. 7. 3 | stages 3-5 of chronic kidney disease by age and sex.~ ~In 2005
425 II, 5. 7. 5 | factors or with cardiovascular disease (i.e. those individuals
426 II, 5. 7. 5 | policies on cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.~·
427 II, 5. 7. 5 | developed to counter this disease. A proposal for a survey
428 II, 5. 7. 5 | directly related to kidney disease. This significantly supports
429 II, 5. 7. 5 | minimise the imoact of kidney disease in its early stages.~· The
430 II, 5. 7. 6 | of CKD as a preventable disease and the development of meaningful
431 II, 5. 7. 7 | Premature cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure.
432 II, 5. 7. 7 | al (2005): Chronic kidney disease awareness, prevalence, and
433 II, 5. 7. 7 | adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2006 Mar;
434 II, 5. 7. 7 | CY (2004): Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death,
435 II, 5. 7. 7 | utility in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2005 Dec;68(
436 II, 5. 7. 7 | relationship of chronic kidney disease prevalence and ESRD risk.
437 II, 5. 7. 7 | strategies for chronic kidney disease in the general population:
438 II, 5. 7. 7 | incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing faster than
439 II, 5. 7. 7 | patients with chronic kidney disease: focus on end-stage renal
440 II, 5. 7. 7 | focus on end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis.
441 II, 5. 7. 7 | risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults.
442 II, 5. 7. 7 | Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern
443 II, 5. 7. 7 | factors in chronic kidney disease -- evaluating risk factors
444 II, 5. 7. 7 | in adults without kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003 Oct;
445 II, 5. 7. 7 | H (2006): Chronic kidney disease and risk of incident myocardial
446 II, 5. 7. 7 | all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged
447 II, 5. 7. 7 | anemia in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;47(
448 II, 5. 7. 7 | guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification
449 II, 5. 7. 7 | dyslipidemias in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41(
450 II, 5. 7. 7 | for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease.
451 II, 5. 7. 7 | disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42(
452 II, 5. 7. 7 | agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(
453 II, 5. 7. 7 | AT (2002): Chronic kidney disease in the United States: an
454 II, 5. 7. 7 | Epidemiology of chronic renal disease in the Galician population:
455 II, 5. 7. 7 | from the Global Burden of Disease study. PLoS Med 1:e27.~Sarnak
456 II, 5. 7. 7 | Hamm LL, et al, Kidney disease as a risk factor for development
457 II, 5. 7. 7 | development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American
458 II, 5. 7. 7 | Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research,
459 II, 5. 7. 7 | care for chronic kidney disease and comorbidity among enrollees
460 II, 5. 7. 7 | therapy for end-stage renal disease in Europe, 1990-1999. Nephrol
461 II, 5. 7. 7 | al (2007): Chronic kidney disease management in the United
462 II, 5. 7. 7 | incidence of end-stage renal disease in Europe, Canada and the
463 II, 5. 7. 7 | al (2006): Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic
464 II, 5. 8 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease~ ~
465 II, 5. 8.Acr | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease~CVD~cardiovascular disease~
466 II, 5. 8.Acr | disease~CVD~cardiovascular disease~ECRHS~European Community
467 II, 5. 8.Acr | Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease~GP~General Practitioner~
468 II, 5. 8.Acr | Practitioner~OLIN~Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden~RI~Respiratory
469 II, 5. 8. 1 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to pathologies
470 II, 5. 8. 1 | costly and preventable disease that has substantial implications
471 II, 5. 8. 1 | population. COPD is a treatable disease, when AL is progressive
472 II, 5. 8. 1 | quoted Global Burden of Disease study, which envisaged that
473 II, 5. 8. 1 | until the end stage of the disease, characterized by severe
474 II, 5. 8. 2 | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease~ ~ ~Includes:~chronic:~·
475 II, 5. 8. 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory
476 II, 5. 8. 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation,
477 II, 5. 8. 2 | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease~ ~ ~Chronic bronchitis:~·
478 II, 5. 8. 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified~ ~ ~Chronic
479 II, 5. 8. 2 | Chronic obstructive:~· airway disease NOS~· lung disease NOS~ ~ ~ ~
480 II, 5. 8. 2 | airway disease NOS~· lung disease NOS~ ~ ~ ~
481 II, 5. 8. 3 | women.~ ~Prevalence and disease severity~ ~Since 2000, many
482 II, 5. 8. 3 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (NICECOPD) study, assessed
483 II, 5. 8. 3 | prevalence of obstructive lung disease in 40-69 year olds to 14.
484 II, 5. 8. 3 | regards the measurement of disease severity, data from 18 000
485 II, 5. 8. 3 | Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) studies (12 centres;
486 II, 5. 8. 3 | The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN)
487 II, 5. 8. 3 | countries. The Global Burden of Disease Study (Murray and Lopez,
488 II, 5. 8. 3 | terminology, awareness of the disease and potential gender bias
489 II, 5. 8. 3 | impact on the patient and disease management:~• Common pathway
490 II, 5. 8. 3 | a specific pre-existing disease—in the case of COPD, pulmonary
491 II, 5. 8. 3 | patients with a given chronic disease. For example, upper respiratory
492 II, 5. 8. 3 | association among cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, asthma was
493 II, 5. 8. 3 | this study, cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease,
494 II, 5. 8. 3 | disease, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer and asthma
495 II, 5. 8. 3 | was not. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was described as a
496 II, 5. 8. 3 | angina, MI, CHF, renal disease, pulmonary embolism (Table
497 II, 5. 8. 3 | strength, irrespective of disease severity.~ ~In another study,
498 II, 5. 8. 3 | self-reported obstructive lung disease.~ ~On these basis, some
499 II, 5. 8. 3 | no longer be judged as a disease only involving the lungs.
500 II, 5. 8. 3 | population are due to this disease; in Central and Eastern
