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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | Gaetano Guglielmi for taking care of website matters, as well
2 I, 2. 1 | healthcare and long-term care and promote prevention,
3 I, 2. 3 | difficulties in accessing health care services, they may be unable
4 I, 2. 3 | the quality of the health care services provided to them
5 I, 2. 3 | attitudes to and use of health care services. On the other hand,
6 I, 2. 3 | affecting the efficiency of care. This makes additional training
7 I, 2. 4 | for all to high quality care reflecting recent technological
8 I, 2. 4 | address financial barriers to care, emphasize promotion and
9 I, 2. 4 | activities over curative care, and address cultural barriers
10 I, 2. 4 | almost universal rights to care and have adapted services
11 I, 2. 5 | health and social services care in the community, thus more
12 I, 2. 5 | Growing needs in domestic and care services are as follows:~ ~–
13 I, 2. 5 | an important consumer of care services – represents the
14 I, 2. 7 | the provision of health care. Key dimensions of the variation
15 I, 2. 9 | and the quality of health care services and their ability
16 I, 2. 10. 3 | networks between points of care (hospitals, laboratories
17 I, 2. 10. 4(9) | technology for safer patience care” – UK Departement of Healthh –
18 I, 2. 10. 4(17)| Creation of a Health Care Value Chain through an innovative &
19 I, 2. 10. 4(19)| technology for safer patient care – UK Depertament of health –
20 I, 2. 10. 4(22)| technology for safer patient care” UK Department of Health –
21 I, 2. 11 | spatial behavior in health care utilization among residents
22 I, 2. 11 | healthcare and long-term care. [on-liine publication available
23 I, 2. 11 | Understanding barriers to health care: a review of disparities
24 I, 2. 11 | of disparities in health care services among indigenous
25 I, 3. 3 | the financing of long-term care.~ ~These general trends
26 II, 4.Acr | limitations~LTC~Long Term Care~MEHM~Minimum European Health
27 II, 4. 1 | relying on formal or informal care for daily survival.~ ~Trends
28 II, 4. 1 | and requiring long term care. For survivors at the age
29 II, 4. 1 | point more towards long term care (LTC) services than to employment
30 II, 4. 1 | institutions such as long-term care establishments). EUROSTAT
31 II, 5. 1. 2 | fundamental expressions in care and also one of the most
32 II, 5. 1. 2 | may have the same type of care. This gives weight to the
33 II, 5. 1. 2 | difficult it is to define care since its efficiency is
34 II, 5. 1. 2 | subdivided in dimension of care and psycho-social dimension.
35 II, 5. 1. 2 | simultaneously”. Difficulties in care delivery often arise because
36 II, 5. 1. 2 | simultaneously into account. Patient care oscillates between technical
37 II, 5. 1. 2 | tests, x-rays, hospital care, financial coverage through
38 II, 5. 1. 2 | to a large degree to the care process. The doctor, in
39 II, 5. 1. 2 | all the things we probably care most about. Doctors and
40 II, 5. 1. 2 | complexity and heterogeneity of care are not so easy to understand,
41 II, 5. 1. 2 | understand, as the quality of care does not depend only on
42 II, 5. 1. 3 | the patient and his health care professional in order to
43 II, 5. 1. 3 | process, integrated in health care. Moreover, it is patient-centered
44 II, 5. 1. 3 | disease, prescribed treatment, care, hospital and other health
45 II, 5. 1. 3 | hospital and other health care settings, organizational
46 II, 5. 1. 3 | treatment, cooperate with health care providers, live healthily,
47 II, 5. 1. 3 | process, provided by health care providers trained in the
48 II, 5. 1. 3 | integral part of treatment and care.~Therapeutic patient education
49 II, 5. 1. 3 | is part of the long-term care of the patient and has to
50 II, 5. 1. 3 | and its effects. Health care providers tend to talk to
51 II, 5. 1. 3 | reducing the cost of long-term care for patients and our society.
52 II, 5. 1. 3 | self-management and high quality of care for all long-term diseases
53 II, 5. 1. 3 | education managed by health care providers trained in the
54 II, 5. 1. 4 | person should know what good care is, i.e. he/she must be
55 II, 5. 1. 4 | informed about the standard of care. People affected by chronic
56 II, 5. 2. 1 | directly related to health care and social services, but
57 II, 5. 2. 2 | al, 2000) and CVD medical care (Tunstall-Pedoe et al, 2000)~ ~
58 II, 5. 2. 2 | future trends in medical care.~The ICD codes for IHD (
59 II, 5. 2. 2 | advancements in coronary care to the decline in CVD mortality.
60 II, 5. 2. 3 | future trends in medical care.~ ~Table 5.2.2. Crude hospital
61 II, 5. 2. 3 | recommended for IHD in acute care setting: thrombolytic drugs,
62 II, 5. 2. 4 | physical activity, medical care and genetic and environmental
63 II, 5. 2. 5 | eligible for low medical care expenditures in the last
64 II, 5. 2. 7 | contributions of changes in coronary care to improving survival, event
65 II, 5. 3. 2 | registries, other CRs, primary care facilities, nursing homes
66 II, 5. 3. 2 | Evaluating the quality of cancer care by providing comparative
67 II, 5. 3. 2 | programme planning, and patient care improvement;~· cancer registry
68 II, 5. 3. 2 | reduce inequalities in cancer care, by extending collaboration,
69 II, 5. 3. 2 | global inequalities in cancer care and practice in Europe.
70 II, 5. 3. 2 | clinical research, patterns of care, national societies/registries
71 II, 5. 3. 3 | of results and quality of care. The Czech Republic intends
72 II, 5. 3. 5 | proxy of the overall cancer care performance. In 2006, 3,
73 II, 5. 3. 6 | might indicate better cancer care. Wealthy countries with
74 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.3. Oncologic care and practice~ ~International
75 II, 5. 3. 7 | overall investment in health care (Coleman et al, 2003).~Estimating
76 II, 5. 3. 7 | and investment in health care (Coleman et al, 2003). Therefore,
77 II, 5. 3. 7 | the field of palliative care.~· The organization of medical
78 II, 5. 3. 7 | for developing palliative care.~· The rapidly increasing
79 II, 5. 3. 7 | available for the health care system and hospital budgets
80 II, 5. 3. 7 | addressed up front. Health care systems and the pharmaceutical
81 II, 5. 3. 7 | it comes to the health care system to integrate these
82 II, 5. 3. 7 | treatment and end of life care. Organising and delivering
83 II, 5. 3. 7 | multidisciplinary approach to cancer care is required to make the
84 II, 5. 3. 7 | Most cancer patients need care for diagnosis and/or treatment
85 II, 5. 3. 7 | secondary and tertiary care levels. All parts of the
86 II, 5. 3. 7 | reflected in the quality of care given to individuals. These
87 II, 5. 3. 7 | follow-up, and palliative care. The Parliament’s health
88 II, 5. 3. 7 | implementing innovation into cancer care.~ ~Eurocan+Plus involves
89 II, 5. 3. 8 | best possible treatment and care to cancer patients, exchange
90 II, 5. 3. 8 | rehabilitation and palliative care.~ ~Long-term objectives (
91 II, 5. 4. 1 | has measured the health care costs of people with type
92 II, 5. 4. 1 | 834 in 1999. The health care costs of diabetes as a percentage
93 II, 5. 4. 1 | greater than direct health care costs (WHO 2002). Unfortunately,
94 II, 5. 4. 2 | risk factors, quality of care, and population outcomes.~
95 II, 5. 4. 2 | need to optimise health care in all EU countries through
96 II, 5. 4. 2 | later.~Tracking quality of care is paramount to prevent
97 II, 5. 4. 2 | quality audit of health care~-> National, regional and
98 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.3. Quality of care monitoring~ ~The St.Vincent
99 II, 5. 4. 2 | definition of quality of care (QOC) information across
100 II, 5. 4. 2 | and beyond. Quality of care can be measured by a range
101 II, 5. 4. 2 | monitoring of QOC in primary care has been created by national
102 II, 5. 4. 2 | Name~Processes of diabetes care~Annual HbA1c testing~Annual
103 II, 5. 4. 2 | several EU countries, primary care based sentinel practice
104 II, 5. 4. 2 | Furthermore, only primary care is included and mainly diagnoses
105 II, 5. 4. 3 | decline in the quality of care, despite the existing recommendations
106 II, 5. 4. 6 | the level of quality of care that must be ensured by
107 II, 5. 4. 6 | areas: for most quality of care indicators the gold standard
108 II, 5. 4. 6 | separate part of treatment and care for people with diabetes
109 II, 5. 4. 6 | European Council to make care and prevention of diabetes
110 II, 5. 4. 6 | secondary and community care, social services and education
111 II, 5. 4. 7 | diagnosis, treatment and care. Diabetes, like other chronic
112 II, 5. 4. 7 | information exchange in diabetes care, for monitoring, updating
113 II, 5. 4. 8 | Collection Update Report, Health Care Quality Indicators Project,
114 II, 5. 4. 8 | population-based equitable patient care: the Tayside Regional Diabetes
115 II, 5. 4. 8 | Improvement in Diabetes Care.Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;
116 II, 5. 4. 8 | in Diabetes Care.Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):1270-6.~
117 II, 5. 4. 8 | the quality of Diabetes Care at the health systems level
118 II, 5. 4. 8 | Excess costs of medical care 1 and 8 years after diagnosis
119 II, 5. 4. 8 | and projections. Diabetes Care, 21(9):1414-31~Massi Benedetti
120 II, 5. 4. 8 | projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. ;27(5):1047-53~ ~ ~
121 II, 5. 5.Int | to approach their primary care physician for help. Doctors
122 II, 5. 5.Int | specialist mental health care and are the main users of
123 II, 5. 5.Int | main users of inpatient care11,12. Women’s social roles
124 II, 5. 5.Int | Italy and the UK have moved care into community settings,
125 II, 5. 5.Int | people for long periods. Care homes or “asylums” accommodate
126 II, 5. 5.Int | a huge burden on health care resources. More data on
127 II, 5. 5.Int | prevention, diagnosis and care; Regional policy supports
128 II, 5. 5.Int | mental health, the quality of care and welfare for people with
129 II, 5. 5.Int | courses for health and social care professionals; combating
130 II, 5. 5. 1 | committed suicide had had health care within the month prior to
131 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorders, number of psychiatric care beds, long term beds in
132 II, 5. 5. 1 | rates. Reports of access to care is influenced by differences
133 II, 5. 5. 1 | Table 5.5.1.2. Level of care use (%) among those with
134 II, 5. 5. 1 | Practice and the Health Care System (2002-4).~· Promoting
135 II, 5. 5. 1 | psychological distress. Access to care should also be monitored.~ ~
136 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental health and primary care providers before suicide:
137 II, 5. 5. 1 | access to mental health care. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc
138 II, 5. 5. 2 | families and European long term care. The risk of dementia can
139 II, 5. 5. 2 | solutions to finance long-term care. In some countries (e.g.
140 II, 5. 5. 2 | insurance for long-term care. In Austria, too, people
141 II, 5. 5. 2 | entitled to a long-term care allowance. In other countries,
142 II, 5. 5. 2 | other countries, long-term care is covered within the framework
143 II, 5. 5. 2 | provided in the context of care for the elderly on the basis
144 II, 5. 5. 2 | is on relatives providing care (e.g. in Greece and Romania),
145 II, 5. 5. 2 | higher costs for health care and support services, but
146 II, 5. 5. 2 | even be legally obliged to care for their elderly dependent
147 II, 5. 5. 2 | rights to special leave to care for the person with dementia
148 II, 5. 5. 2 | the provision of respite care).~ ~Lastly, as Europe’s
149 II, 5. 5. 2 | introduced to finance long-term care and measures introduced
150 II, 5. 5. 2 | introduction of the long-term care insurance but also more
151 II, 5. 5. 2 | and improving the level of care;~· Addressing the huge information
152 II, 5. 5. 2 | cares? The state of dementia care in Europe. Alzheimer Europe~ ~
153 II, 5. 5. 3 | Anorexia Nervosa. Health care providers report treatment
154 II, 5. 5. 3 | parents, educators, health care providers, children and
155 II, 5. 5. 3 | not receiving appropriate care according to evidence based
156 II, 5. 5. 3 | The quality of psychiatric care differs between European
157 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries. Institutional care still dominates in the European
158 II, 5. 5. 3 | expenditures of the health care system is due to schizophrenia
159 II, 5. 5. 3 | increased reliance on social care and welfare support (Andlin-Sobocki
160 II, 5. 5. 3 | specialized psychiatric care (none at all or treated
161 II, 5. 5. 3 | underestimate the need for care in schizophrenia and the
162 II, 5. 5. 3 | between European mental health care systems.~ ~Statistics based
163 II, 5. 5. 3 | towards community based care, the lack of respective
164 II, 5. 5. 3 | gap of information on the care of patients with schizophrenia.~ ~
165 II, 5. 5. 3 | have to be interpreted with care.~ ~The main group of substances
166 II, 5. 5. 3 | have to be interpreted with care taking into account the
167 II, 5. 5. 3 | differences in psychiatric care, actually it is more likely
168 II, 5. 5. 3 | rates from the pre-community care era and in the years 1994 –
169 II, 5. 5. 3 | differences in the mental health care systems, the extent of variation
170 II, 5. 5. 3 | with data on outpatient care.~Disability adjusted life-years~
171 II, 5. 5. 3 | different structures of care, prevention programmes will
172 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment gap in mental health care, European data on this topic
173 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment gap in mental health care (people remaining untreated
174 II, 5. 5. 3 | what is done in routine care, what psychiatrists do and
175 II, 5. 5. 3 | psycho-social treatments in routine care, the standard of guidelines,
176 II, 5. 5. 3 | reasons, the routine clinical care of schizophrenia is far
177 II, 5. 5. 3 | research settings and routine care (patient population, artificial
178 II, 5. 5. 3 | overview on resources of care available in the EU member
179 II, 5. 5. 3 | regards to community-based care.~The 2001 World Health Report
180 II, 5. 5. 3 | benefits of community-based care delivered close to home
181 II, 5. 5. 3 | effective community-based care. This may be reflected in
182 II, 5. 5. 3 | mental hospitals to provide care for people with the most
183 II, 5. 5. 3 | quality of mental health care in European countries is
184 II, 5. 5. 3 | antiepileptic – available in primary care. About a tenth does not
185 II, 5. 5. 3 | allocated to mental health care. Research is necessary to
186 II, 5. 5. 3 | expenditures reflect quality of care. However, insufficient treatment
187 II, 5. 5. 3 | obstacle to the provision of care (Sartorius, 2007). Stigma
188 II, 5. 5. 3 | improving mental health care. An evaluation of the effects
189 II, 5. 5. 3 | as high as for outpatient care (see Table 5.5.3.3.6). Since
190 II, 5. 5. 3 | Expenditures by kind of health care service for year 2002 and
191 II, 5. 5. 3 | psychological) burden. Providers of care are aware of this fact,
192 II, 5. 5. 3 | according to different health care services, reflect the practice
193 II, 5. 5. 3 | assignment to outpatient care and rehabilitative measures.~
194 II, 5. 5. 3 | data on the mental health care system. www Mental Health
195 II, 5. 5. 3 | direction of mental health care was edited in the UK. This
196 II, 5. 5. 3 | the database, and improve care.~Guidelines~The development
197 II, 5. 5. 3 | hospitals and community care;~· to accelerate knowledge
198 II, 5. 5. 3 | delivery of mental health care by providing area-wide community
199 II, 5. 5. 3 | area-wide community based care and other resources necessary
200 II, 5. 5. 3 | project. Qual Saf Health Care 12:18-23.~Andlin-Sobocki
201 II, 5. 5. 3 | direction of mental health care. Open University Press,
202 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment gap in mental health care. Bull World Health Organ.
203 II, 5. 5. 3 | 1998): Patterns of usual care for schizophrenia: initial
204 II, 5. 5. 3 | gap between research and care. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin
205 II, 5. 5. 3 | generated by health and social care provision (59%), followed
206 II, 5. 5. 3 | range of health, social care and education and commissioning
207 II, 5. 5. 3 | of the available health care facilities. Although a causative
208 II, 5. 5. 3 | improvement in perinatal care and the increasing use of
209 II, 5. 5. 3 | made of high standards of care to patients with epilepsy
210 II, 5. 5. 3 | situation. Networks of health care workers (physicians, nurses,
211 II, 5. 5. 3 | between professional health care workers should be increased
212 II, 5. 5. 3 | improvement of the national health care system, multiple large population-based
213 II, 5. 5. 3 | setting, access to medical care, number of neurologists,
214 II, 5. 5. 3 | healthcare costs [inpatient care, outpatient care, drug costs
215 II, 5. 5. 3 | inpatient care, outpatient care, drug costs and tests],
216 II, 5. 5. 3 | investments] and informal care), indirect costs (production
217 II, 5. 5. 3 | costs, excluding informal care, amount to 56% of the total
218 II, 5. 5. 3 | intense use of informal care (22% of total costs) to
219 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2006). Also, home-based care has been shown to be more
220 II, 5. 5. 3 | diagnosis, treatment and care of people with ms within
221 II, 5. 5. 3 | implications for the optimised care of MS patients. The multiple
222 II, 5. 5. 3 | Position Paper Palliative care among people severely affected
223 II, 5. 5. 3 | have access to palliative care assessments and services.~·
224 II, 5. 5. 3 | system of different national care approaches to MS, which
225 II, 5. 5. 3 | member states’ national care approaches towards the diagnosis,
226 II, 5. 5. 3 | Position Paper Palliative care among people severely affected
227 II, 5. 5. 3 | Noseworthy J, Compston A (2006): Care of the person with multiple
228 II, 5. 5. 3 | strong need for informal care (family and further caregivers)
229 II, 5. 5. 3 | as well as for community care. Social services and private
230 II, 5. 5. 3 | while costs due to informal care and earnings loss are substantial (
231 II, 5. 5. 3 | This burden of informal care and earnings loss will be
232 II, 5. 5. 3 | critical for future health care planning in societies which
233 II, 5. 5. 3 | different economies and health care systems.~NGOs, which are
234 II, 5. 5. 3 | in family structure, the care of the elderly will not
235 II, 5. 5. 3 | their relatives for help and care or financial assistance; (
236 II, 5. 5. 3 | delivering cost-effective medical care represents an enormous public
237 II, 5. 5. 3 | 1995): Quality of life and care in Parkinson’s disease.
238 II, 5. 5. 3 | aspects of the long-term care of parkinsonian patients.
239 II, 5. 6. 1 | burden on health and social care, are one of the most expensive
240 II, 5. 6. 1 | Yearbook of Health and Medical Care, 2001).~ ~The burden of
241 II, 5. 6. 3 | quality of life; health care utilization; economic impact
242 II, 5. 6. 3 | Lopez et al, 2006).~ ~Health care utilization~ ~Musculoskeletal
243 II, 5. 6. 3 | common reason for primary care consultation even though
244 II, 5. 6. 3 | do not consult a primary care physician (Lock et al, 1999;
245 II, 5. 6. 3 | Yearbook of Health and Medical Care, 2001).~ ~In the Netherlands,
246 II, 5. 6. 3 | ranked second as a health care cost in 1994 (Meerding et
247 II, 5. 6. 3 | accounting for 6% of total health care costs compared to 8.1% for
248 II, 5. 6. 3 | costs, such as informal care would have greatly increased
249 II, 5. 6. 3 | number presenting to health care with OA by agreed criteria.
250 II, 5. 6. 3 | and of social and health care. There is little data available
251 II, 5. 6. 3 | million) was for inpatient care and SEK 6.4 billion (Euro
252 II, 5. 6. 3 | direct costs of medical care (Levy et al, 1993). OA is
253 II, 5. 6. 3 | influenced by inpatient care and admission rates which
254 II, 5. 6. 3 | independence and require long-term care. Only half those surviving
255 II, 5. 6. 3 | require subsequent long-term care, especially those of advanced
256 II, 5. 6. 4 | resources for health and social care. Most of the costs are indirect
257 II, 5. 6. 4 | work disability and social care, with a minor part of costs
258 II, 5. 6. 4 | the direct costs of health care, although these are not
259 II, 5. 6. 4 | Norway 1997.~ ~Use of health care services~ ~About one-quarter
260 II, 5. 6. 4 | The associated health care costs that are generated
261 II, 5. 6. 5 | representatives; and health care providers want to be achieved.
262 II, 5. 6. 6 | disability, and health care utilization: findings from
263 II, 5. 6. 6 | effect of multidisciplinary care on the retention of functional
264 II, 5. 6. 6 | J Technol Assess Health Care 16(4):1193-200~Juni P, Dieppe
265 II, 5. 6. 6 | gatekeeper-model managed care plan. Am J Manag Care 6:
266 II, 5. 6. 6 | managed care plan. Am J Manag Care 6:669-678~Linos A, Worthington
267 II, 5. 6. 6 | Yearbook of Health and Medical Care 2001. Available at URL: htt ~ ~
268 II, 5. 7. 1 | large fraction of health care resources, full recognition
269 II, 5. 7. 1 | 1.8% of the total health care budget was spent for ESRD
270 II, 5. 7. 2 | formulation of policies for the care of renal failure in the
271 II, 5. 7. 4 | to and quality of health care and by survival from so-called
272 II, 5. 7. 5 | declaration on the quality of care for renal patients.~· In
273 II, 5. 7. 5 | element of the dialysis care system. The government has
274 II, 5. 7. 5 | provision and quality of health care. At present, there is a
275 II, 5. 7. 5 | planning of the supply of care should be related to population
276 II, 5. 7. 5 | regarding evaluation of care including CKD are currently
277 II, 5. 7. 5 | quantity and quality of RRT care using electronic methods
278 II, 5. 7. 5 | Registry (OEDTR) shall take care of quality assurance in
279 II, 5. 7. 6 | aspects on the quality of ESRD care, but also projects to stimulate
280 II, 5. 7. 7 | 2006): Standards of medical care in diabetes-2006. Diabetes
281 II, 5. 7. 7 | diabetes-2006. Diabetes Care 2006;29:S1-S85.~Annual data
282 II, 5. 7. 7 | International Study of Health Care Organization and Financing
283 II, 5. 7. 7 | evolving reality. Int J Health Care Finance Econ 2007 Jul 20.~
284 II, 5. 7. 7 | 2004): Cost of medical care for chronic kidney disease
285 II, 5. 8. 3 | Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, a comprehensive
286 II, 5. 8. 3 | of veterans who received care through the Upper Midwest
287 II, 5. 8. 3 | Economic burden and health care utilization~ ~Several studies
288 II, 5. 8. 3 | 4.7 were for ambulatory care, 2.7 for drugs, 2.9 for
289 II, 5. 8. 3 | drugs, 2.9 for inpatient care and 28.4 for lost work days (
290 II, 5. 8. 4 | managed through particular care towards prevention and cost-effectiveness
291 II, 5. 8. 6 | Higher standards of COPD care and studies on the effectiveness
292 II, 5. 8. 6 | some aspects of COPD health care should also be also taken
293 II, 5. 8. 6 | little comparison of health care utilization during this
294 II, 5. 8. 6 | institutionalized in a long term care setting (41% vs. 12.5%,
295 II, 5. 8. 6 | to receive long-term home care (26% vs 9.7%, p<0.05), but
296 II, 5. 8. 6 | likely to receive palliative care in hospital (47.6% vs 5.
297 II, 5. 8. 6 | available through palliative care programs, partially due
298 II, 5. 8. 6 | responsive models of end-of-life care for this population will
299 II, 5. 8. 6 | current patterns of health care utilization.~ ~
300 II, 5. 8. 7 | 167.5.787. Am.J.Resp.Crit.Care Med. 167(5): 787-797.~ ~
301 II, 5. 8. 7 | Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 787-797~ ~Bergdahl
302 II, 5. 8. 7 | disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 418–424.~ ~
303 II, 5. 8. 7 | Stang M (2008):. Health care utilization of patients
304 II, 5. 8. 7 | Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. Chest 2005; 128:
305 II, 5. 8. 7 | COPD and asthma in primary care. Chest 2005; 128: 2099-2107.~ ~
306 II, 5. 8. 7 | detection of COPD in primary care: screening by invitation
307 II, 5. 8. 7 | Adults Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172:1139-1145.~ ~Van
308 II, 5. 8. 7 | Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163:1572-1577.~ ~ ~
309 II, 5. 9. FB | burden, in terms of health care utilization, medication
310 II, 5. 9. FB | diseases require the health care system to ensure regular
311 II, 5. 9. FB | The organization of health care should be reconsidered on
312 II, 5. 9. FB | effectiveness of health care systems and professional
313 II, 5. 9. FB | besides increasing health care costs and lost productivity.
314 II, 5. 9. FB | additional expenditure for health care systems for then reducing
315 II, 5. 9. FB | the cost of the allergenic care for society as a whole.~ ~
316 II, 5. 9. 3 | quality of outpatient health care.~ ~Deaths due to asthma
317 II, 5. 9. 3 | The costs of health care~ ~Data provided by the National
318 II, 5. 9. 3 | concerning asthma primary care serving a population of
319 II, 5. 9. 3 | of Allergy, 1997), health care providers and authorities
320 II, 5. 9. 3 | estimated - in terms of health care and absenteeism, for example -
321 II, 5. 9. 3 | additional expenditure for health care systems but then reducing
322 II, 5. 9. 3 | the cost of the allergenic care to society as a whole.~ ~
323 II, 5. 9. 3 | whole.~ ~The total cost of care for asthma amounts to €17.
324 II, 5. 9. 3 | ERJ). The burden of asthma care in Europe is consistent
325 II, 5. 9. 3 | outpatient and ambulatory care (€ 3.8 billion), drugs (€
326 II, 5. 9. 3 | 6 billion) and inpatient care (€ 0.5 billion) (Lung Health
327 II, 5. 9. 3 | of direct costs of asthma care. The average physician costs
328 II, 5. 9. 4 | all age ranges; particular care should be given to the paediatric
329 II, 5. 9. 4 | OR = 0.6); attending day care (OR = 0.4) and infant school (
330 II, 5. 9. 5 | expenditures for health care systems, but also reducing
331 II, 5. 9. 5 | reducing the costs of allergic care to society as a whole.~ ~
332 II, 5. 9. 5 | The organization of health care has to be reconsidered on
333 II, 5. 9. 5 | effectiveness of health care systems and professional
334 II, 5. 9. 5 | reality, also primary health care teams must be strengthened
335 II, 5. 9. 5 | the quality of ambulatory care and adopting audit procedures
336 II, 5. 9. 5 | general, two levels of health care are to be considered. The
337 II, 5. 9. 5 | one is the primary health care level in which general practitioners,
338 II, 5. 9. 5 | level is the specialized care in which patients are referred
339 II, 5. 9. 5 | of these models of health care organization and there is
340 II, 5. 9. 5 | intervention onto the health care systems.~ ~
341 II, 5. 9. 6 | only in terms of health care costs and lost productivity
342 II, 5. 11. 1 | those involved in primary care have a very different point
343 II, 5. 11. 1 | which benefits from medical care is very common, affecting
344 II, 5. 11. 3 | does not need dermatologic care (Williams et al, 2006).~ ~
345 II, 5. 11. 3 | thought to warrant medical care with 7.3%, 3.4% 8.9% and
346 II, 5. 11. 3 | capacity of many current health care systems to cope with such
347 II, 5. 11. 4 | effect on a country’s health care budget because skin disease
348 II, 5. 11. 4 | topical therapy and skin care in many skin diseases also
349 II, 5. 11. 6 | effectiveness for the various health care systems that currently operate
350 II, 5. 11. 7 | related need for medical care among persons 1–74 years,
351 II, 5. 11. 7 | prevalence and use of medical care. Brit J Prev Soc Med 1976;
352 II, 5. 11. 7 | Raftery J, eds. Health Care Needs Assessment, second
353 II, 5. 13 | accounts for up to 7% of health care costs and this amount will
354 II, 5. 14. 1 | desirable patterns of dental care. Information from the surveys
355 II, 5. 14. 1 | patterns of untreated dental care in Europe will assist in
356 II, 5. 14. 1 | establishments, and levels of care. Thus, the importance of
357 II, 5. 14. 1 | must take place in health care delivery cannot be underestimated.~ ~
358 II, 5. 14. 2 | Dentists and Other Oral Care Clinical Providers~The number
359 II, 5. 14. 2 | dentists and other oral care clinical providers per 100,
360 II, 5. 14. 2 | the quality of oral health care and systems is encouraged.~
361 II, 5. 14. 2 | private and public health care financing agencies, and
362 II, 5. 14. 2 | extend more affordable dental care to a wider public.~ ~The
363 II, 5. 14. 3 | cases of quality dental care, meaning more fillings and
364 II, 5. 14. 3 | advanced public oral health care programmes for children.
365 II, 5. 14. 3 | children are in need of dental care. In adults, the data underlined
366 II, 5. 14. 3 | reported high needs for dental care. Physical functioning together
367 II, 5. 14. 3 | effectiveness of dental care.~ ~Therefore, the « traditional»
368 II, 5. 14. 3 | failure of the dental health care system. It is therefore
369 II, 5. 14. 3 | would reduce the cost of care for periodontal disease
370 II, 5. 14. 3 | professional time and health care funds to patients who need
371 II, 5. 14. 3 | Prior to 1989, oral health care for children was provided
372 II, 5. 14. 3 | the access to oral health care across Europe, especially
373 II, 5. 14. 3 | income.~ ~The oral health care system in Europe, which
374 II, 5. 14. 3 | disparities observed in health care expenses. 245 169 dentists,
375 II, 5. 14. 3 | employment in advanced health care. Dental expenditures represent
376 II, 5. 14. 3 | 3.8 to 8% of all health care expenditures. For the eight
377 II, 5. 14. 3 | expenditures for dental care per individual increased
378 II, 5. 14. 3 | expenditures for dental care represented an average of
379 II, 5. 14. 3 | 1/17th of overall health care expenditures. Germany spent
380 II, 5. 14. 3 | the GDP devoted to health care and 0.5% reserved for dental
381 II, 5. 14. 3 | 0.5% reserved for dental care. Finland (0.4%) and the
382 II, 5. 14. 5 | for a better quality of care. Clearly health priorities
383 II, 5. 14. 5 | surveillance and evaluation of care programmes. The oral health
384 II, 5. 14. 5 | towards primary oral health care and services that may better
385 II, 5. 14. 5 | formulated for quality of care and access to care, or in
386 II, 5. 14. 5 | quality of care and access to care, or in terms of social life
387 II, 5. 14. 5 | desirable patterns of dental care. Information from the surveys
388 II, 5. 14. 5 | patterns of untreated dental care in Europe will assist in
389 II, 5. 14. 5 | enrolled in primary oral care services, expanding the
390 II, 5. 14. 5 | prevention activities. Primary care services need to be accessible
391 II, 5. 14. 5 | expanding oral health service care services for vulnerable
392 II, 5. 14. 5 | restorative primary oral health care.~ ~The burden of oral disease
393 II, 5. 14. 5 | age-friendly primary health care.~ ~
394 II, 5. 14. 6 | appropriately with dental health care professionals and limiting
395 II, 5. 14. 7 | get the necessary dental care. More directed efforts are
396 II, 5. 14. 7 | assure adequate oral health care for indigent, institutionalized
397 II, 5. 15. 1 | the organisation of health care services, a condition is
398 II, 5. 15. 1 | hospitalisation and outpatient care.~ ~Most rare diseases are
399 II, 5. 15. 3 | In addition, the health care system, both in Northern
400 II, 5. 15. 4 | Products and adapt their health care systems to the needs of
401 II, 5. 15. 4 | prevention, diagnosis, treatment, care, and research for rare diseases
402 II, 5. 15. 4 | improvement of diagnosis and care of patients with RD; accelerate
403 II, 5. 15. 5 | rare diseases diagnosis and patient care in the EU are expected to
404 II, 5. 15. 5 | for the delivery of health care and medical services in
405 II, 5. 15. 5 | resources from their health care sector to provide a full
406 II, 5. 15. 5 | health services and medical care are not in the European
407 II, 5. 15. 5 | national/regional health care systems.~ ~The scope of
408 II, 5. 15. 5 | organisation of the health care system.~ ~RD are model diseases
409 II, 5. 15. 5 | recognition and for improved care. Patient organizations now
410 II, 5. 15. 6 | J Technol Assess Health Care. 2007 Winter;23(1):36-42~
411 II, 6.Acr | Hepatitis B Virus~HCAI~Health Care Associated Infections~HCV~
412 II, 6. 3. 2 | Hospitals, especially intensive care units often have their own
413 II, 6. 3. 2 | Although not all health care associated infections (HCAI)
414 II, 6. 3. 2 | two days in an intensive care unit, 7.2% acquired pneumonia,
415 II, 6. 3. 2 | populations (such as intensive care patients) or infection types (
416 II, 6. 3. 3 | receive life-long treatment, care and support. Currently 90%
417 II, 6. 3. 3 | coverage with antenatal care services and supervised
418 II, 6. 3. 3 | services and supervised labour care of pregnant women.~ ~ ~
419 II, 6. 3. 6 | are not used in medical care.~ ~The transmission of vCJD
420 II, 7.Acr | Consumers’ Organisation~CARE~Community Road Accident
421 II, 7. 1 | HFA-DB (WHO), COD (EuroStat), CARE, IRTAD, ESAW, HDD (Apollo),
422 II, 7. 1 | products (e.g. toys, child care articles, sport equipment,
423 II, 7. 1 | that improvements in trauma care have led to a significant
424 II, 7. 2. 2 | discharges~ ~Most health care data available at EuroStat
425 II, 7. 2. 2 | way of organising health care and may not always be completely
426 II, 7. 2. 3 | 7.2.3. CARE (Community Road Accident
427 II, 7. 2. 3 | Road Accident Database)~ ~CARE is a Community database
428 II, 7. 2. 3 | major difference between CARE and most other existing
429 II, 7. 2. 3 | of desegregations, i.e. CARE comprises detailed data
430 II, 7. 2. 3 | Member States. The purpose of CARE system is to provide a powerful
431 II, 7. 2. 7 | WHO WHOSIS database and by CARE database on road accidents
432 II, 7. 3. 1 | Also, indicators on health care consumption (hospital bed
433 II, 7. 3. 4 | Road Accident Database (CARE) and the International Road
434 II, 7. 4. 2 | professional groups, management of care facilities and associations
435 II, 7. 5 | prevented. Pre-hospital care and rehabilitation services
436 II, 7. 6 | e.g. trauma and emergency care). This success is owed to
437 II, 7. 6 | successful as emergency care.~ ~The most important challenges
438 II, 7. 7 | für Verkehrssicherheit.~ ~CARE - European Road Accident
439 II, 7. 7 | https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/care_bo/ accessed (access restricted)
440 II, 8. 1. 5 | access to quality support and care services, fostering accessibility
441 II, 8. 2. 1 | access to optimal health care. Across the lifespan, not
442 II, 8. 2. 1 | Netherlands, where GPs (primary care physicians) are able to
443 II, 8. 2. 1 | such as communication, self care, education, work, leisure
444 II, 8. 2. 1 | prevention, promotion and care. As Cooper et al (2006)
445 II, 8. 2. 1 | associated with access to care, identification of disease
446 II, 8. 2. 1 | 2004). Visual and dental care needs are often undetected
447 II, 8. 2. 1 | prevented with proper medical care. Children diagnosed with
448 II, 8. 2. 1 | pregnant. Proper prenatal care lowers the risk of having
449 II, 8. 2. 1 | and delivery and in the care of premature infants have
450 II, 8. 2. 1 | professionals who are to care intellectually disabled
451 II, 8. 2. 1 | Internationally, family care is the dominant form of
452 II, 8. 2. 1 | individuals for whom they provide care. Family carers often act
453 II, 8. 2. 1 | family members when health care is sought. They may incur
454 II, 8. 2. 1 | health promotion programmes, to health care and to optimal interventions
455 II, 8. 2. 1 | general practices (primary care practices) in the Netherlands
456 II, 8. 2. 1 | need and cost barriers to care for developmentally disabled
457 II, 8. 2. 1 | Programme mhGAP – Scaling up care for mental, neurological
458 II, 8. 2. 2 | surgeries and provide up-to-date care has been suggested as a
459 II, 8. 2. 2 | Fifteen years of eye health care service transition in Eastern
460 II, 9 | births and neonatal intensive care unit admissions in older
461 II, 9 | associated with social and health care factors, including lack
462 II, 9 | including lack on antenatal care (Olausson et al, 1997).~ ~
463 II, 9 | diabetes, appropriate clinical care can reduce the risk, and
464 II, 9 | the highest standard of care (Macintosh et al, 2006).
465 II, 9. 1 | associated with substandard care in nearly half of the cases (
466 II, 9. 1 | in health and access to care, and use limited health
467 II, 9. 1 | and use limited health care resources effectively. Approaches
468 II, 9. 1 | improving the quality of care.~ ~ ~
469 II, 9. 1. 1 | pregnancy outcome and maternity care date back at least to the
470 II, 9. 1. 1 | health status and quality of care (Macfarlane and Chalmers,
471 II, 9. 1. 1 | country of origin~Health care services~C: Distribution
472 II, 9. 1. 1 | Maternal deaths and substandard care: the results of a confidential
473 II, 9. 1. 1 | Characteristics of neonatal units that care for very preterm infants
474 II, 9. 1. 1 | Gravenhorst J (2002): Substandard care in immigrant versus indigenous
475 II, 9. 1. 2 | system of preconceptional care. Moreover, protecting the
476 II, 9. 1. 2 | births and neonatal intensive care unit admissions in older
477 II, 9. 1. 2 | associated with social and health care factors, including lack
478 II, 9. 1. 2 | including lack on antenatal care (Olausson et al, 1997).~ ~
479 II, 9. 1. 2 | diabetes, appropriate clinical care can reduce the risk, and
480 II, 9. 1. 2 | the highest standard of care (Macintosh et al, 2006).
481 II, 9. 1. 2 | treatments and neonatal intensive care have improved the outcome
482 II, 9. 1. 2 | experiencing the full range of care (Garne et al, 1999)~ ~Prenatal
483 II, 9. 1. 2 | system of pre-conceptional care is needed, as reduction
484 II, 9. 2. 1 | responsibility of duty of care, in that in their early
485 II, 9. 2. 1 | adulthood. It spans the complete care of children’s and adolescents’
486 II, 9. 2. 3 | also be managed in primary care, from which reporting statistics
487 II, 9. 2. 5 | in primary and community care. Across the different countries
488 II, 9. 2. 5 | providing primary and community care for children. In some countries
489 II, 9. 2. 5 | there are specialist primary care doctors specifically for
490 II, 9. 2. 5 | among which the provision of care for every child and the
491 II, 9. 2. 6 | in hospitals and primary care to seek improved identification
492 II, 9. 2. 7 | the age of 7 years. Child Care Health Dev. 22:55-71.~ ~
493 II, 9. 3. 1 | Italy and the UK have moved care into community settings,
494 II, 9. 3. 1 | people for long periods. Care homes or ‘asylums’ accommodate
495 II, 9. 3. 1 | to approach their primary care physician for help. Doctors
496 II, 9. 3. 1 | principal users of inpatient care. (Austbury, 2002; Hallström,
497 II, 9. 3. 1 | plan for improved diabetes care focusing on a multidisciplinary
498 II, 9. 3. 1 | subjects receiving medical care for the disease, women had
499 II, 9. 3. 1 | the age of 7 years. Child Care, Health & Development; 22(
500 II, 9. 3. 1 | cancer patients’ survival and care~Euro-REVES~International
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