| | 
Alphabetical [« »]
098 1
0f 1
1 1786
10 960
100 436
1000 57
10000 1
| Frequency [« »]
1000 these
992 other
975 there
960 10
949 was
946 age
935 most
| EUGLOREH project THE STATUS OF HEALTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A HEALTHIER EUROPE - FULL REPORT Concordances 10 |
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
501 III, 10. 2. 1 | most adolescents (Table 10.2.5.1) and 40 to 50% of
502 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.4. Control tools and
503 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.5. Future developments~ ~
504 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.6. References~ ~Arnadottir
505 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6. Inadequate physical activity~ ~
506 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.1. Introduction~ ~
507 III, 10. 2. 1 | disease burden and up to 10% of deaths in the European
508 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.2. Data sources~ ~
509 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.3. Data description
510 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity (Figure 10.2.6.1). On average, only
511 III, 10. 2. 1 | decreased with age.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.6.1. Proportion of adults (
512 III, 10. 2. 1 | 25% in Portugal.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.6.2. Prevalence of sufficient
513 III, 10. 2. 1 | for both sexes.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.6.3. Average proportion
514 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.4. Control tools and
515 III, 10. 2. 1 | document was launched on 10 May 2007 in Helsinki, Finland,
516 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.5. Future developments~ ~
517 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.6. References~ ~Bauman
518 III, 10. 2. 1 | of Public Health, 14(1):1–10.~ ~Sobal J, Stunkard A J (
519 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7. Excessive food intake
520 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.1. Introduction~ ~
521 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.2. Data sources~ ~
522 III, 10. 2. 1 | Dolman et al, 2007). Only 1021, 1022 and 423 countries
523 III, 10. 2. 1 | et al, 2007). Only 1021, 1022 and 423 countries used
524 III, 10. 2. 1 | years; adolescents aged 10-19 years and adults aged
525 III, 10. 2. 1 | Managers is reported in Table 10.2.1.7.0.~ ~Table 10.2.1.
526 III, 10. 2. 1 | Table 10.2.1.7.0.~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.0 Preliminary information
527 III, 10. 2. 1 | from 27 study centres in 10 European countries (France,
528 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.3. Data description
529 III, 10. 2. 1 | Netherlands, 2006) (Figure 10.2.1.7.1).~ ~Figure 10.2.
530 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.7.1).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.1. Prevalence of overweight
531 III, 10. 2. 1 | in Spanish boys (31.7%, 10-17 years old) (Aranceta-Bartrina
532 III, 10. 2. 1 | Belgium (boys: 9.4%: girls: 10.9%), the Netherlands (boys:
533 III, 10. 2. 1 | Denmark (boys: 12.5%; girls: 10.3%). These data consisted
534 III, 10. 2. 1 | height and weight.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.2 shows the prevalence
535 III, 10. 2. 1 | Currie et al, 2004).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.2. Prevalence of overweight
536 III, 10. 2. 1 | As illustrated in Figure 10.2.2.3, the prevalence of
537 III, 10. 2. 1 | 0% among women.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.3. Prevalence of overweight
538 III, 10. 2. 1 | and adolescents (Figure 10.2.1.7.4). For example, in
539 III, 10. 2. 1 | Lobstein, 2006).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.4. Trends of overweight
540 III, 10. 2. 1 | obesity among children aged 2–10 tended to be more prevalent
541 III, 10. 2. 1 | anaemia amounts to almost 10%. Health problems arising
542 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.4. Risk factors~ ~
543 III, 10. 2. 1 | items is reported in table 10.2.1.7.1 whereas the gross
544 III, 10. 2. 1 | products is reported in tables 10.2.1.7.2 to 10.2.1.7.5, respectively.
545 III, 10. 2. 1 | in tables 10.2.1.7.2 to 10.2.1.7.5, respectively. Figure
546 III, 10. 2. 1 | 5, respectively. Figure 10.2.1.7.5 shows the gross
547 III, 10. 2. 1 | wine is reported in Figure 10.2.1.7.6.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.
548 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.7.6.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.5. Gross human apparent
549 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2002 (1 000 t)~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.1. Gross human apparent
550 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2004 (1 000 t)~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.2. Gross human apparent
551 III, 10. 2. 1 | consumption of meat, 2003~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.3. Gross human apparent
552 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2004 (1 000 t)~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.4. Gross human apparent
553 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2004 (1 000 t)~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.5. Trends in gross
554 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2002 (1995=100)~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.6. Average annual
555 III, 10. 2. 1 | surveys are reported in Table 10.2.1.7.5.~ ~Table 10.2.1.
556 III, 10. 2. 1 | Table 10.2.1.7.5.~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.5. DAFNE average consumption
557 III, 10. 2. 1 | to WHO/FAO goals (table 10.2.1.7.7), there is little
558 III, 10. 2. 1 | wholemeal products.~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.6. Comparisons between
559 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.5. Control tools and
560 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity (OJ C 250 E, 25.10.2007, p. 93~· White Paper
561 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.6. Risk reduction
562 III, 10. 2. 1 | scientific data (Figure 10.2.1.7.7).~ ~Figure 10.2.
563 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.7.7).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.7. FBDG for different
564 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.7. Future developments~ ~
565 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.8. References~ ~Overweight
566 III, 10. 2. 1 | Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002 on the approximation
567 III, 10. 2. 1 | Public Health Nutrition 10:1138-1144.~ ~Ministry of
568 III, 10. 2. 1 | Nutrition (EPIC): cohorts from 10 European countries. Public
569 III, 10. 2. 1 | hour dietary recalls in 10 European countries. Public
570 III, 10. 2. 1 | Soy product consumption in 10 European countries: the
571 III, 10. 2. 1 | Nutrition (EPIC): centres across 10 European countries as assessed
572 III, 10. 2. 1 | of alcohol consumption in 10 European countries participating
573 III, 10. 2. 1 | fish consumption within the 10 European countries participating
574 III, 10. 2. 2 | 10.2.2. Plasma cholesterol
575 III, 10. 2. 2 | now around 200 mg/dL). A 10% increase in plasma total
576 III, 10. 2. 2 | hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, a 10% reduction in plasma total
577 III, 10. 2. 3 | 10.2.3. Blood pressure.~ ~Blood
578 III, 10. 2. 3 | every 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic increase,
579 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4. Genetics and genomics~ ~
580 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.1. Introduction~ ~ ~
581 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.2. Data sources~ ~The
582 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.3. Data description
583 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.4. Control tools and
584 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.5. Future developments~ ~
585 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.6. References~ ~Brand
586 III, 10. 2. 4 | online 1 April 2008; doi:10.1038/nrg2360: 2-7.~ ~Roberts,
587 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5. Developmental factors
588 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.1. Introduction~Adult
589 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.2. Data sources~ ~Data
590 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.3. Data description
591 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.4. Control tools and
592 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.5. Future developments~ ~
593 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.6. References~Allen
594 III, 10. 3 | 10.3. Physical environment
595 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1. Physical agents~ ~
596 III, 10. 3. 1 | night (23-7 hours) with 10 dB(A).~MRI~Magnetic Resonance
597 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.1. Introduction~ ~It
598 III, 10. 3. 1 | use for little more than 10 years and longer exposure
599 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
600 III, 10. 3. 1 | and health” (EEA report 10, 2005),the European Environment
601 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.3. Data description
602 III, 10. 3. 1 | mobile phones less than 10 years does not pose any
603 III, 10. 3. 1 | significantly raised for use for 10 years or longer (Mcelroy
604 III, 10. 3. 1 | problem for risk managers (10). There is no convincing
605 III, 10. 3. 1 | Figure 8.1.1.1.~ ~Figure 10.3.1.1. The percentage of
606 III, 10. 3. 1 | Babisch, 2006).~ ~Figure 10.3.1.2. The environmental
607 III, 10. 3. 1 | physical risk factors (table 10.3.1.1). Physical work load
608 III, 10. 3. 1 | moving heavy loads.~ ~Table 10.3.1.1. Self-reported exposure
609 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.4. Control tools and
610 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.5. Future developments~ ~
611 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.6. References~ ~Babisch
612 III, 10. 3. 1 | cardiovascular risk. Noise Health 10(38),27-33.~Barns Miljö och
613 III, 10. 3. 1 | Environment and health. EEA report 10/2005. EEA, Copenhagen.~European
614 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2. Chemical agents~ ~
615 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.1. Introduction~ ~Chemicals,
616 III, 10. 3. 2 | contaminated products.~ ~Figure 10.3.2.1. Life cycle of chemical
617 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.2. Data sources~ ~This
618 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.3. Data presentation
619 III, 10. 3. 2 | between 1995 and 2005 (Figure 10.3.2.2). The production of
620 III, 10. 3. 2 | 212 million tonnes (Figure 10.3.2.3), 9.3%of which were
621 III, 10. 3. 2 | environment (ASEF, 2006).~ ~Figure 10.3.2.2. Production volumes
622 III, 10. 3. 2 | States 1995–2005~ ~Figure 10.3.2.3. Production of toxic
623 III, 10. 3. 2 | exports in 2004.~ ~Table 10.3.2.1. Some industrial accidents
624 III, 10. 3. 2 | industrial applications.~ ~Table 10.3.2.2. Platinum group elements
625 III, 10. 3. 2 | and tributaries~ ~Table 10.3.2.2 shows levels of platinum
626 III, 10. 3. 2 | flame retardants.~ ~Table 10.3.2.3 below overviews some
627 III, 10. 3. 2 | difficult to assess.~ ~Table 10.3.2.3 . Major health impacts
628 III, 10. 3. 2 | the information in Table 10.3.2.3. is based on observations
629 III, 10. 3. 2 | study summarized in Figure 10.3.2.4 shows decreasing levels
630 III, 10. 3. 2 | retardants (PBDE).~ ~Figure 10.3.2.4. Persistent Organic
631 III, 10. 3. 2 | concentrations (TEq) of ca. 10 pg/g in Hungary to ca. 40
632 III, 10. 3. 2 | concentrations are about 10 pg/g (range of 5-20) in
633 III, 10. 3. 2 | naphthalenes (PCN) (figure 10.3.2.4; note different units
634 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.4. Control tools and
635 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.5. Future developments~ ~
636 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.6. References~ ~Asia-Europe
637 III, 10. 3. 2 | Environment and health, NO 10/2005. Available at: htt ~ ~
638 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3. Biological agents~ ~
639 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.1. Introduction~ ~Biological
640 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.2. Data sources~ ~See
641 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.3. Data presentation
642 III, 10. 3. 3 | throughout Europe (Figure 10.3.3.1). However, two countries (
643 III, 10. 3. 3 | be irreversible.~ ~Figure 10.3.3.1. Proportion of MRSA
644 III, 10. 3. 3 | and risk groups) (table 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table 10.3.3.1.
645 III, 10. 3. 3 | table 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table 10.3.3.1. Summary of general
646 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.4. Control tools and
647 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.5. Future developments~ ~
648 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.6. References~ ~See
649 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4. Climatic changes and
650 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.1. Introduction~ ~Floods,
651 III, 10. 3. 4 | impacts these have (Table 10.3.4.1). Finally, it highlights
652 III, 10. 3. 4 | and policy tools.~ ~Table 10.3.4.1. Global trends in
653 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
654 III, 10. 3. 4 | criteria must be fulfilled: 10 or more people reported
655 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.3. Data description
656 III, 10. 3. 4 | changes have accelerated. The 10 warmest years on record
657 III, 10. 3. 4 | Extreme weather events~ ~Table 10.3.4.2 gives an overview
658 III, 10. 3. 4 | affected most people.~ ~Table 10.3.4.2. Deaths and damage
659 III, 10. 3. 4 | 2006~ ~Only accidents with 10 or more killed and/or 100
660 III, 10. 3. 4 | underreported, was fatal in 10–50% of all cases and may
661 III, 10. 3. 4 | excess death rate.~ ~Figure 10.3.4.1. The distribution
662 III, 10. 3. 4 | on human health (Figure 10.3.4.2). The total economic
663 III, 10. 3. 4 | flooding events .~ ~Figure 10.3.4.2. Frequency of floods
664 III, 10. 3. 4 | and leaving an estimated 10 000 people homeless. Damage
665 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.4. Control tools and
666 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.5. Future developments~ ~
667 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.6. References~ ~Solomon,
668 III, 10. 4 | 10.4. EXPOSURE ROUTES~ ~
669 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1. Inhalation and air
670 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.1. Introduction~ ~ ~
671 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.2. Data Sources~ ~ ~
672 III, 10. 4. 1 | europa.eu/eea_report_2005_10/en~ ~EEA assessments are
673 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.3. Data description
674 III, 10. 4. 1 | and limit values (Table 10.4.1.1).~ ~Table 10.4.1.1.
675 III, 10. 4. 1 | Table 10.4.1.1).~ ~Table 10.4.1.1. Guidelines, target
676 III, 10. 4. 1 | μg/m3 is exceeded.~Figure 10.4.1.1 presents the total
677 III, 10. 4. 1 | available year); Figure 10.4.1.2 shows the changes
678 III, 10. 4. 1 | children in cities.~ ~Figure 10.4.1.1. Percentage of children
679 III, 10. 4. 1 | serious health impacts. Table 10.4.1.2 here below describes
680 III, 10. 4. 1 | legislation in 2020.~ ~Table 10.4.1.2. Estimated health
681 III, 10. 4. 1 | calculated at around Euro 10 billion per year for the
682 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.4. Control tools and
683 III, 10. 4. 1 | and re-analyses~ ~Table 10.4.1.3. The CAFE analysis
684 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.5. Future developments~ ~
685 III, 10. 4. 1 | stoves. In urban areas, up to 10 per cent of the population
686 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.6. References~ ~AirBase –
687 III, 10. 4. 1 | Environment and health, NO 10/2005. ISSN 1725-9177.~ ~
688 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2. Ingestion and food
689 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.1. Introduction~ ~The
690 III, 10. 4. 2 | and their residues; and (10) plant health. The Scientific
691 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.2. Data sources~ ~The
692 III, 10. 4. 2(27)| Document No SANCO/2007/3131,31/10/2007.~
693 III, 10. 4. 2(33)| the Community (OJ L 268, 3.10.1998,p.1)~
694 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.3. Data description
695 III, 10. 4. 2 | be present in food (Table 10.4.2.1), in particular of
696 III, 10. 4. 2 | associated with zoonoses (Table 10.4.2.2). In humans, the severity
697 III, 10. 4. 2 | threatening conditions (Table 10.4.2.3 The infection can
698 III, 10. 4. 2 | to public health.~ ~Table 10.4.2.1. Association of pathogenic (
699 III, 10. 4. 2 | virus~ ~ ~Pig~ ~ ~ ~Table 10.4.2.2. Zoonotic diseases
700 III, 10. 4. 2 | Wildilife~Source: EFSA~ ~ ~Table 10.4.2.3. Disease symptoms
701 III, 10. 4. 2 | contaminants in feed (Table 10.4.2.4). With respect to
702 III, 10. 4. 2 | European countries.~ ~ ~Table 10.4.2.4. Not naturally occurring,
703 III, 10. 4. 2(34)| present on average in one in 10 pigs bred for human consumption.
704 III, 10. 4. 2 | respectively during the 10 years. At European level,
705 III, 10. 4. 2 | consumer’s health (Table 10.4.2.5).~ ~Nitrates~ ~In
706 III, 10. 4. 2 | EFSA, 2007b).~ ~ ~Table 10.4.2.5. Naturally occurring,
707 III, 10. 4. 2 | Loveren, 2002; (see~textbox 4.10)~ ~ ~Mycotoxins: toxic substances
708 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.4. Control tools and
709 III, 10. 4. 2 | 2005 (Figure 1).~ ~Figure 10.4.2.1. Entry into force
710 III, 10. 4. 2 | of the EMS. – Articles 10 & 11;~· database of the
711 III, 10. 4. 2 | held in 16 “rounds” (Figure 10.4.2.2).~ ~ ~Figure 10.4.
712 III, 10. 4. 2 | Figure 10.4.2.2).~ ~ ~Figure 10.4.2.2. Pesticides Peer review –
713 III, 10. 4. 2 | 1 following a period of 10 years of inclusion; and~·
714 III, 10. 4. 2 | exports into the EU.~ ~Table 10.4.2.6. FVO Inspection Objectives
715 III, 10. 4. 2 | principles (Articles 5 to 10) and requirements (Article
716 III, 10. 4. 2 | European Member States.~ ~Table 10.4.2.7. Food safety competent
717 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.5. Future developments~ ~
718 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.6. References~ ~European
719 III, 10. 4. 2 | Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002 on the approximation
720 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3. Ingestion and drinking
721 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.1. Introduction~ ~Safe
722 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.2. Data sources~ ~This
723 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.3. Data presentation
724 III, 10. 4. 3 | Valent et al, 2004).~ ~Figure 10.4.3.1. Deaths among children
725 III, 10. 4. 3 | from 2000 to 2005 (Figure 10.4.3.2).~ ~Figure 10.4.3.
726 III, 10. 4. 3 | Figure 10.4.3.2).~ ~Figure 10.4.3.2. Number of reported
727 III, 10. 4. 3 | maximum concentration of 10 μg/l for As in drinking
728 III, 10. 4. 3 | ground water are exceeding 10 μg/l and occasionally reach
729 III, 10. 4. 3 | from 58% to 80% (Figure 10.4.3.3). According to the
730 III, 10. 4. 3 | drinking-water.~ ~Figure 10.4.3.3. Percentage of population
731 III, 10. 4. 3 | sanitation systems (see Figure 10.4.3.2).~ ~A special case
732 III, 10. 4. 3 | European countries (Figure 10.4.3.4) were connected to
733 III, 10. 4. 3 | from 1995 to 2003.~ ~Figure 10.4.3.4. Changes over time
734 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.4. Control tools and
735 III, 10. 4. 3 | for drinking water, i.e. 10 μg/l (10 ppb).~ ~The Drinking
736 III, 10. 4. 3 | drinking water, i.e. 10 μg/l (10 ppb).~ ~The Drinking water
737 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.5. Future developments~ ~
738 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.6. References~ ~European
739 III, 10. 4. 4 | 10.4.4. Contact and non-food
740 III, 10. 4. 5 | 10.4.5. Multiple exposure:
741 III, 10. 4. 5 | 10.4.5.1. Bathing water~ ~ ~
742 III, 10. 4. 5 | European standards (Figure 10.4.5.1.1. A and B) (EEA,
743 III, 10. 4. 5 | B) (EEA, 2008).~ ~Figure 10.4.5.1.1.a. Bathing water.
744 III, 10. 4. 5 | in coastal water~ ~Figure 10.4.5.1.1.b. Bathing water.
745 III, 10. 4. 5 | 10.4.5.2. Soil pollution and
746 III, 10. 4. 5 | of chemicals (see Figure 10.4.5.2.1; EEA, 2007a).~ ~
747 III, 10. 4. 5 | playgrounds (EEA, 2007b).~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.1. Overview of the
748 III, 10. 4. 5 | municipal waste (Figure 10.4.5.2.2). However, the single
749 III, 10. 4. 5 | re-unification of Germany.~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.2a. Total waste generation
750 III, 10. 4. 5 | 2004 (EECCA 2004)~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.2b. Total waste generation
751 III, 10. 4. 5 | 2004 (EU-10, 2004)~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.2c. Total waste generation
752 III, 10. 4. 5 | dominant producer (Figure 10.4.5.2.3). The large differences
753 III, 10. 4. 5 | entirely comparable.~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.3. Hazardous waste
754 III, 10. 4. 5 | Soil contamination~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.4. Overview of progress
755 III, 10. 4. 5 | sites in Europe~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.5. Breakdown of activities
756 III, 10. 4. 5 | contamination per country~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.6. Detailed analysis
757 III, 10. 4. 5 | contamination per country~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.7. Overview of contaminants
758 III, 10. 4. 5 | groundwater in Europe~ ~Table 10.4.5.2.1. Overview of contaminants
759 III, 10. 4. 5 | sites are available (Figure 10.4.5.2.4).~ ~The distribution
760 III, 10. 4. 5 | investigated sites (Figure 10.4.5.2.5).~ ~At industrial
761 III, 10. 4. 5 | national inventories ((Figure 10.4.5.2.6).~ ~The range of
762 III, 10. 4. 5 | contaminants in Europe (Figure 10.4.5.2.7). These estimates
763 III, 10. 4. 5 | hydrocarbons (CHC) (Table 10.4.5.2.1). Mineral oil and
764 III, 10. 5 | 10.5. LIVING AND WORKING ENVIRONMENT~ ~ ~
765 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1. Houses, schools, transports,
766 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.1. Introduction~ ~The
767 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.2. Data sources~ ~The
768 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.3. Data description
769 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.3.1. Residential buildings~ ~
770 III, 10. 5. 1 | are identified for below 10 percent (The Netherlands)
771 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.3.2. Schools~ ~For children,
772 III, 10. 5. 1 | speed at different tests in 10-12 y old pupils (Wargocki
773 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.5. Recreational areas
774 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.6. Transport~ ~The need
775 III, 10. 5. 1 | dBA, and in most countries 10% or more suffer from exposure
776 III, 10. 5. 1 | the population.~ ~Figure 10.5.1.1. Proportion of residents
777 III, 10. 5. 1 | 2005; EEA, 2006b).~ ~Figure 10.5.1.2. Concentrations of
778 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.6. Other issues~ ~Household
779 III, 10. 5. 1 | cardiovascular causes decreased by 10.3% (Clancy et al, 2002).~
780 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.7. Control tools and
781 III, 10. 5. 1 | socio-economic groups.~ ~Figure 10.5.1.3. Housing problems
782 III, 10. 5. 1 | indicated average.~ ~Figure 10.5.1.4. Crowding by income
783 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.8. References~Bagaeen
784 III, 10. 5. 1 | challenge. EEA Report No 10/2006. Luxembourg: Office
785 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.9. Acronyms~ ~CO~Carbon
786 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2. Urban and rural populations~ ~
787 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.1. Introduction~ ~When
788 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural settlements structures.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.1. Population distribution
789 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.2. Data sources~ ~The
790 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.3. Data description
791 III, 10. 5. 2 | recreational areas (Figures 10.5.2.2-10.5.2.4).~ ~Figure
792 III, 10. 5. 2 | areas (Figures 10.5.2.2-10.5.2.4).~ ~Figure 10.5.2.
793 III, 10. 5. 2 | 2.2-10.5.2.4).~ ~Figure 10.5.2.2. Complaints by residents
794 III, 10. 5. 2 | environmental conditions~ ~Figure 10.5.2.3. Complaints due to
795 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural settings~ ~Figure 10.5.2.4. Complaint about access
796 III, 10. 5. 2 | males and females.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.5. Correlation of age-adjusted
797 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural settlements, males~ ~Figure 10.5.2.6. Correlation between
798 III, 10. 5. 2 | Reilly et al., 2007).~ ~Table 10.5.2.1. Variations in cause
799 III, 10. 5. 2 | older population.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.7. Life expectancy by
800 III, 10. 5. 2 | Lithuania, 2006~ ~Figure 10.5.2.8. Mortality rates in
801 III, 10. 5. 2 | member States.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.9. Self-reported health
802 III, 10. 5. 2 | the EU in 2004.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.10. Long-standing illness
803 III, 10. 5. 2 | in 2004.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.10. Long-standing illness and
804 III, 10. 5. 2 | preventive actions.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.11. Health problems
805 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural settings.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.12. Infection prevalence
806 III, 10. 5. 2 | urbanization levels:~ ~Table 10.5.2.2. Percentage and total
807 III, 10. 5. 2 | EU countries.~ ~ ~Table 10.5.2.3. Problems accessing
808 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.4. Control tool and
809 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.5. Future developments~ ~
810 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.6. References~ ~British
811 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.7. Acronyms~ ~BMA~British
812 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3. Workplace~ ~
813 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.1. Introduction~ ~In
814 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.2 Data sources~ ~ ~It
815 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.3 Data description and
816 III, 10. 5. 3 | once in 12 months (Table 10.5.3.1). This results on
817 III, 10. 5. 3 | health & social work.~ ~Table 10.5.3.1. Absence from work
818 III, 10. 5. 3 | population) at a cost of € 10.8 billion. Thus, premature
819 III, 10. 5. 3 | 1900 fatal events (table 10.5.3.2). The incidence rate
820 III, 10. 5. 3 | carpal tunnel syndrome (Table 10.5.3.3).~Economic sectors
821 III, 10. 5. 3 | occupational diseases (table 10.5.3.4). A top incidence
822 III, 10. 5. 3 | 60 per 100,000.~ ~Table 10.5.3.2. Number and incident
823 III, 10. 5. 3 | occupational diseases.~ ~Table 10.5.3.3. Number of non fatal
824 III, 10. 5. 3 | diseases by ICD10.~ ~Table 10.5.3.4. Number and incident
825 III, 10. 5. 3 | serious accidents) (Table 10.5.3.5) and accidents which
826 III, 10. 5. 3 | also Chapter 7.~ ~Table 10.5.3.5. Incidence of work
827 III, 10. 5. 3 | in the year 2000.~ ~Table 10.5.3.6 gives time trends
828 III, 10. 5. 3 | economic sectors. Table 10.5.3.7 points to especially
829 III, 10. 5. 3 | work increased.~ ~Table 10.5.3.6. Change in the number
830 III, 10. 5. 3 | from 1994 to 2004~ ~Table 10.5.3.7. Standardised incidence
831 III, 10. 5. 3 | because of their work (table 10.5.3.8). This perceived impact
832 III, 10. 5. 3 | stress and headache (table 10.5.3.9). There seems to be
833 III, 10. 5. 3 | difference between sexes. Table 10.5.3.10 finally gives the
834 III, 10. 5. 3 | between sexes. Table 10.5.3.10 finally gives the prevalence
835 III, 10. 5. 3 | impact of their work.~ ~Table 10.5.3.8. Perceived impact
836 III, 10. 5. 3 | health per country~ ~Table 10.5.3.9. Perceived impact
837 III, 10. 5. 3 | health per symptoms.~ ~Table 10.5.3.10. Perceived work-related
838 III, 10. 5. 3 | symptoms.~ ~Table 10.5.3.10. Perceived work-related
839 III, 10. 5. 3 | of work economies. Figure 10.5.3.1 summarizes the European
840 III, 10. 5. 3 | were unemployed (more than 10% in Poland, Slovakia, Finland
841 III, 10. 5. 3 | economically inactive.~ ~Figure 10.5.3.1. Work status of people
842 III, 10. 5. 3 | with men than women (table 10.5.3.11). About 40% of all
843 III, 10. 5. 3 | repetitive tasks.~ ~Table 10.5.3.11. Work organisational
844 III, 10. 5. 3 | manufacturing and agriculture (table 10.5.3.12). A lack of job control
845 III, 10. 5. 3 | and communication.~ ~Table 10.5.3.12. Work organisational
846 III, 10. 5. 3 | Denmark (9%) and Portugal (10%). Support from colleagues
847 III, 10. 5. 3 | physical risk factors (table 10.5.3.13). Exposures to vibrations
848 III, 10. 5. 3 | economic sectors (table 10.5.3.14). Especially employees
849 III, 10. 5. 3 | the working time.~ ~Table 10.5.3.13. Physical risks factors
850 III, 10. 5. 3 | work per gender.~ ~Table 10.5.3.14. Physical risks factors
851 III, 10. 5. 3 | workers + 15.5%, young adults -10%).~A second trend is the
852 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.4. Control tools and
853 III, 10. 5. 3 | deaths per year, yet only 10-15% of workers have access
854 III, 10. 5. 3 | equipment for outdoor use~- 2003/10/EC: the minimum health and
855 III, 10. 5. 3 | policy is mainly based on the 10 year strategy known as “
856 III, 10. 5. 3 | major injuries at work by 10% till 2010. However, the
857 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.5. Future developments~ ~
858 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.6. References~ ~Aldana
859 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.7. Acronyms~ ~ENWHP~
860 III, 10. 6 | 10.6. Social determinants~ ~ ~
861 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1. Social networks and
862 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.1. Introduction~ ~Social
863 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.2. Data sources~ ~
864 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.2.1 The Mental health
865 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.2.2 The Eurobarometer
866 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.2.3. The SHARE survey~
867 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.2.4 The HBSC study~The
868 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.2.5 The World Values Survey~
869 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.3. Data description
870 III, 10. 6. 1 | support categories.~ ~Table 10.6.1. Social support by country
871 III, 10. 6. 1 | 28% in Belgium.~ ~Figure 10.6.1. Frequency of contact
872 III, 10. 6. 1 | et al., 2008).~ ~Figure 10.6.2. 15-year old girls in
873 III, 10. 6. 1 | the same gender~ ~Figure 10.6.3. 15-year old boys in
874 III, 10. 6. 1 | et al., 2008).~ ~Figure 10.6.4. Use of electronic media
875 III, 10. 6. 1 | Dijk et al, 2005).~ ~Figure 10.6.5. Exposures to assaults
876 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.4. Control tools and
877 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.5. Future developments~ ~
878 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.6. References~ ~Austin
879 III, 10. 6. 1 | Obstet Gynaecol. Mar 29:1-10. [Epub ahead of print]~Shenassa,
880 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.7. Acronyms~ ~HBSC~Health
881 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2. Socio-economic determinants~ ~ ~
882 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.1. Introduction~ ~In
883 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
884 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.3. Data description
885 III, 10. 6. 2 | men than in women (Figure 10.6.2.1). Inequalities in
886 III, 10. 6. 2 | due to education (Figure 10.6.2.2). These inequalities
887 III, 10. 6. 2 | mortality decline.~ ~Figure 10.6.2.1. Educational inequalities
888 III, 10. 6. 2 | Countries per cause~ ~Figure 10.6.2.2. Inequalities in mortality
889 III, 10. 6. 2 | educational groups (Table 10.6.2.1).~ ~Table 10.6.2.1.
890 III, 10. 6. 2 | Table 10.6.2.1).~ ~Table 10.6.2.1. Odds Ratio Chronic
891 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.4. Control tools, actions
892 III, 10. 6. 2 | Increased physical activity~10. Good eating habits and
893 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.5. Future developments~ ~
894 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.6. References~ ~Berkman,
895 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.7. Acronyms~ ~CSDH Commission
896 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3. Violence and other
897 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.1. Introduction~ ~Assaults
898 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.2. Data sources~ ~The
899 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.3. Data description
900 III, 10. 6. 3 | for other offences. Figure 10.6.3.1. shows the results.
901 III, 10. 6. 3 | Spain (below 2%). Figure 10.6.3.1. shows national rates.~ ~
902 III, 10. 6. 3 | national rates.~ ~Figure 10.6.3.1. Prevalence rates
903 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.4. Control tools and
904 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.5. References~ ~EUICS (
905 IV, 11. 1. 5 | that errors occur in about 10% of hospitalizations and
906 IV, 11. 1. 6 | 90% by fee-for-service, 10% by capitation and fee-for-service.~
907 IV, 11. 1. 6 | fee-for-service.~90% by salary and 10% by fee-for-service.~90%
908 IV, 11. 1. 6 | by fee-for-service and 10% by salary.~Belgium~Fee-for-service.~
909 IV, 11. 1. 6 | fee-for-service for after hours up to 10% of the total)~Fee-for-service~
910 IV, 11. 1. 6 | 90% by fee-for-service, 10% by salary.~ ~Fee-for-service,
911 IV, 11. 1. 6 | Netherlands and France are about 10% of total costs, while in
912 IV, 11. 2. 1 | system was measured using a 10-component scale of health
913 IV, 11. 2. 1 | stay declined from almost 10.9 days to 9.2 days (HFA
914 IV, 11. 2. 2 | countries spend at least 10% of their health budget
915 IV, 11. 5. 1 | extremely varied (Figure 11.10):~· a few nations with yearly
916 IV, 11. 5. 1 | with yearly rates between 10 and 19 pmp;~· and a few,
917 IV, 11. 5. 1 | deceased donor rates fall below 10 pmp.~ ~Two different models
918 IV, 11. 5. 1 | transplantation.~ ~Figure 11.10. International Figures On
919 IV, 11. 5. 3 | a binding requirement in 10 countries, although other
920 IV, 11. 5. 4 | waiting lists in Europe. About 10 people waiting for an organ
921 IV, 11. 5. 4 | countries (see Figure 11.10). These differences cannot
922 IV, 11. 5. 5 | Support Action. In the last 10 years, many scientists have
923 IV, 11. 6. 1 | countries now spends more than 10% of its income on health.~ ~
924 IV, 11. 6. 1 | match Germany’s at over 10% of GDP. Meanwhile, following
925 IV, 11. 6. 1 | expenditure over the last 10 years clearly shows the
926 IV, 11. 6. 1 | GDP, 1990-2004~ ~Table 11.10. Total health care expenditure
927 IV, 11. 6. 2 | day ranging from about €5-10 in Austria, France, Germany
928 IV, 11. 6. 2 | admissions grew by approximately 10% (Vagac and Haulikova, 2003).
929 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Decision no. 1350/2007 of 23/10/2007, which regards the
930 IV, 11. 6. 4 | countries was defined. From the 10 participating institutions,
931 IV, 11. 6. 4 | institutions, established in 10 countries, information was
932 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Health Affairs 20(3): 10-20.~ ~Blumenthal D (1996): "
933 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Assessment in Health Care 21(1): 10-18.~ ~Illich I (1975): Medicinal
934 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Journal of Health Economics 10: 475–480.~ ~Mooney G, Hall
935 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Health Economics 6(S1): 2-10.~ ~Scitovsky AA (1984): " '
936 IV, 12. 5 | data sets should cover a 10-year period, beginning in
937 IV, 12. 8 | member States (Table 12.10) started in the health sector
938 IV, 12. 8 | December 2005.~ ~ ~Table 12.10. The 27 European Union Member
939 IV, 12. 10 | 12.10. Policy developments in
940 IV, 12. 10 | white-paper expected in 2009/10.~ ~The Danish government
941 IV, 12. 10 | for adults and children (>10 years of age) and 400 g/
942 IV, 12. 10 | 400 g/d for children (4-10 years of age). This includes
943 IV, 12. 10 | into action during the last 10 years (see www. ).~Institutions
944 IV, 12. 10 | consequences”~See comments 10.2.4 and 10.2.5!~Obesity
945 IV, 12. 10 | See comments 10.2.4 and 10.2.5!~Obesity is subject
946 IV, 12. 10 | Welfare at Work Act 2005 (No. 10 of 2005)~Health and Safety
947 IV, 12. 10 | of ALEXANDROS approved on 10 June 1996. The University
948 IV, 12. 10 | pregnancy within the first 10 weeks, by woman’s choice
949 IV, 12. 10 | confectionery~Domain of objective 10~ ~Food policy~Public health
950 IV, 12. 10 | population~Domain of objective 10~ ~Public health policy~Health
951 IV, 12. 10 | respectively~ ~Domain of objective 10~ ~Food policy~Health and
952 IV, 12. 10 | milk~Domain of objective 10~ ~Food policy~Environmental
953 IV, 12. 10 | population~Domain of objective 10~ ~Public health policy~Health
954 IV, 12. 10 | Increased physical activity~10. Good eating habits and
955 IV, 13. 2. 2 | conditions rank in the top 10 causes of DALY in Europe
956 IV, 13. 2. 2 | burden, over 20% of CHD, and 10% of stroke in developed
957 IV, 13. 2. 3 | burden due to tobacco use, 10.9% attributable to hypertension,
958 IV, 13. 2. 3 | accidents, breast cancer~10,000-30,000~Excess of saturated
959 IV, 13. 2. 3 | cancer, influenza~3,000 – 10,000~ ~Gastroenteritis caused
960 IV, 13. 7. 2 | olds in Europe compared to 10 in the US. The EU also leads
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