| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | characteristics (e.g. genome and age) and biological, chemical,
2 I, 2. 1 | non-marital cohabitation. The age at marriage is high in some
3 I, 2. 2 | Taking into account that this age group prefers domestic destinations,
4 I, 2. 2 | higher requirements of this age group concerning service
5 I, 2. 3 | will bring down the average age of the population. However,
6 I, 2. 3 | extended life expectancy on the age distribution of the European
7 I, 2. 5 | European countries, the average age of the workforce is rising
8 I, 2. 5 | trends for women of the same age brackets varied widely across
9 I, 2. 5 | steps to increase retirement age, but nonetheless the age
10 I, 2. 5 | age, but nonetheless the age when the labour force actually
11 I, 2. 5 | target) and to raise the age at which people retire by
12 I, 2. 5 | that the average retirement age is 59.9 years and in 2002
13 I, 2. 5 | of Europeans of working age (between 15 and 64) will
14 I, 2. 5 | as follows:~ ~– The 80+ age group – an important consumer
15 I, 2. 5 | represents the fastest growing age group. It doubled in size
16 I, 2. 5 | still in evolution. The age at which people join funded
17 I, 2. 5 | schemes, the retirement age and the rules governing
18 I, 2. 6 | millions in 2050. For all age groups, the main explanation
19 I, 3. 1 | i.e. the rise in the mean age of mothers at the birth
20 I, 3. 1 | where in the 1970s the age of the mother at first birth
21 I, 3. 1 | that the increase in the age at first birth has slowed
22 I, 3. 1 | levels had not risen, the age at first birth would have
23 I, 3. 1 | the general rise in the age at first birth over the
24 I, 3. 1 | early 1970s; elsewhere the age at first motherhood started
25 I, 3. 1 | 1990s. In the 1960s the mean age at first birth was 23 to
26 I, 3. 1 | Eastern Europe. Currently the age is around 27 to 29 in most
27 I, 3. 1 | between 24 and 26 years of age.~ ~Closer inspection of
28 I, 3. 1 | cohorts steep rises in the age at first birth occurred:
29 I, 3. 1. 0(1)| that occurs in the mean age of the mother at first birth,
30 I, 3. 1 | soon as the rise in the age at first birth levels off,
31 I, 3. 1 | already have a child at the age of 20 — thus 75% is still
32 I, 3. 1 | is not reached before the age of 25, which leads to a
33 I, 3. 2 | many of them are of working age, migrants tend to bring
34 I, 3. 2 | to bring down the average age of the population. However,
35 I, 3. 2 | extended life expectancy on the age distribution of the European
36 I, 3. 3 | leads to shifts in the age structure of a population,
37 I, 3. 3 | in combination with the age structure, i.e. the number
38 I, 3. 3 | expectancy changes.~ ~Figure 3.4. Age composition in EU27 in 2006~ ~
39 I, 3. 3 | EU27 in 2006~ ~Figure 3.5. Age composition in the NMS12
40 I, 3. 3 | 0 to about 100 years of age, these pyramids illustrate
41 I, 3. 3 | Currently the largest age bracket in the EU pyramid
42 I, 3. 3 | born in 1963 (43 years of age in 2005). People born in
43 I, 3. 3 | War (around 60-65 years of age now), as well as for those
44 I, 3. 3 | number of people of working age (15 to 64)— rose in the
45 I, 3. 3 | generation entering the working age population, old-age-dependency
46 I, 3. 3 | be two people of working age for every elderly citizen.
47 I, 3. 3 | With relation to various age groups in 1975, 2005, 2010
48 II, 4. 1 | expectancy at birth (and at age 50 and 65) as key health
49 II, 4. 1 | older workers. Above the age of 50, women live longer
50 II, 4. 1 | in favour of women at the age of 50 is much smaller, 1.
51 II, 4. 1 | total longevity gap. By the age of 65, the number of remaining
52 II, 4. 1 | activity limitations. At the age of 50, as well as at 65,
53 II, 4. 1 | Disability-free life expectancy at the age of 65 in EU15~ ~In summary,
54 II, 4. 1 | expansion. For women at the age of 65, Belgium, Italy and
55 II, 4. 1 | 50 and 65. Indeed at the age of 50, the HLY values range
56 II, 4. 1 | care. For survivors at the age of 50, the number of remaining
57 II, 4. 2 | the same for young and old age groups; there have been
58 II, 4. 2 | attributed to the same changes in age patterns and in causes of
59 II, 4. 2 | life expectancy changes by age groups. Based on the (unweighted)
60 II, 4. 2 | shows the contribution of age groups to the increase in
61 II, 4. 2 | mortality at very young age contributed the most to
62 II, 4. 2 | 1980s, mortality at young age still was an important cause
63 II, 4. 2 | life expectancy. For men, age groups 65-74 contributed
64 II, 4. 2 | birth, and for women the age groups 70-84 even contributed
65 II, 4. 2 | contribution of the oldest age groups to the increase in
66 II, 4. 2 | decline in mortality for age groups 80 and over, reaching
67 II, 4. 2 | EU 15 average.~ ~These age patterns in mortality decline
68 II, 4. 2 | changes in mortality across age groups, even though in most
69 II, 4. 2 | in life expectancy at the age of 80, selected countries.~ ~
70 II, 5. 1. 1 | in middle life and older age, after many years of exposure
71 II, 5. 1. 1 | Among all CVD risk factors, age remains the most important
72 II, 5. 1. 1 | hypercholesterol) and the age ranges considered from different
73 II, 5. 1. 1 | cancer.~ ~Prostate cancer: age is the strongest risk factor
74 II, 5. 1. 1 | pregnancy only,) and~· old age.~ Type 1 diabetes genetic
75 II, 5. 1. 1 | lifestyle. Others, such as age, gender and genetics cannot.
76 II, 5. 1. 1 | Lundback (2003) showed that age and smoking were the two
77 II, 5. 1. 1 | multivariate analysis including age, gender, smoking habits,
78 II, 5. 1. 1 | usually after 10 months of age.~Liver Cirrhosis~The patterns
79 II, 5. 2. 2 | population as standard. The age range 35-74 years is recommended
80 II, 5. 2. 2 | rare and above 74 years age structure differs among
81 II, 5. 2. 2 | years: the recommended upper age limit is 84 years given
82 II, 5. 2. 2 | doubles. Above 84 years of age it is difficult to determine
83 II, 5. 2. 2 | including the expanded age range 85+ could therefore
84 II, 5. 2. 2 | mortality in the different age groups for circulatory system (
85 II, 5. 2. 2 | 1999) are reported for the age range 35-64 years as mean
86 II, 5. 2. 2 | mortality rates for the age groups 35-74 and 35-84 years
87 II, 5. 2. 2 | 2007) are reported for the age range 35-64 years as mean
88 II, 5. 2. 2 | in middle life and older age, after many years of exposure
89 II, 5. 2. 2 | Among all CVD risk factors, age remains the most important
90 II, 5. 2. 2 | hypercholesterol) and the age ranges considered, it was
91 II, 5. 2. 3 | al, 2008). Even below the age of 75 years, IHD mortality
92 II, 5. 2. 3 | mortality rates only for 35-74 age range, as suggested by the
93 II, 5. 2. 3 | rates for the different age ranges (all ages, 45-64,
94 II, 5. 2. 3 | percentages increase with age. IHD patterns showed a clear
95 II, 5. 2. 3 | mortality rates in the 35-74 age range fell by 38% in Northern
96 II, 5. 2. 3 | procedures cover different age groups, while the degree
97 II, 5. 2. 3 | by different prevalence, age distribution and risk factors.~
98 II, 5. 2. 3 | narrow considerably above the age of 75. As explained in chapter
99 II, 5. 2. 3 | rates only for the 35-84 age range, as suggested by the
100 II, 5. 2. 3 | shown in table 5.2.5, in the age range 75-84 years stroke
101 II, 5. 2. 3 | 2003 mortality rates in the age range 35-84 fell by 63%
102 II, 5. 2. 3 | stroke events occur in this age range, excluding therefore
103 II, 5. 2. 4 | affect its development. Age is the most important factor,
104 II, 5. 2. 4 | association with CVD incidence (age, blood pressure, cholesterol,
105 II, 5. 2. 4 | hypertension prevalence by age range. It seems clear that
106 II, 5. 2. 4 | prevalence increases with age and that it is higher in
107 II, 5. 2. 4 | expected, increases with age and is higher among elderly
108 II, 5. 2. 4 | men and women of different age ranges in 22 EU countries.~ ~
109 II, 5. 2. 4 | men and women of different age ranges.~ ~Table 5.2.9. Estimated
110 II, 5. 2. 4 | men and women of different age ranges~ ~Obesity and overweight (
111 II, 5. 2. 4 | men and women of different age ranges.~ ~Other factors
112 II, 5. 2. 4 | hypercholesterolemia) and age ranges, it was not possible
113 II, 5. 2. 5 | risk factors increase with age, but severe atherosclerosis,
114 II, 5. 2. 5 | Risk assessment, based on age, sex, smoking habit, systolic
115 II, 5. 2. 6 | men and in women, at any age, starting from blood pressure
116 II, 5. 2. 6 | and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure:
117 II, 5. 3. 1 | mainly a disease of older age. The LE of European countries
118 II, 5. 3. 3 | mortality statistics by age, sex, and cause of death
119 II, 5. 3. 3 | of cancer increases with age; furthermore, for several
120 II, 5. 3. 4 | cancer.~ ~Prostate cancer: age is the strongest risk factor
121 II, 5. 3. 5 | European standard) in the age class 20-44 in 1996-2001~
122 II, 5. 3. 5 | European standard) in the age class 20-44~ ~Prostate Cancer (
123 II, 5. 3. 6 | children diagnosed under the age of 15 years from 1983 to
124 II, 5. 3. 6 | cancers not only adjusted by age but also by cancer site.
125 II, 5. 3. 8 | of cancer type, patient age and rehabilitation requirements
126 II, 5. 4. 1 | usually develops before the age of 40, and often in the
127 II, 5. 4. 1 | increase of people of all age groups suffering from overweight
128 II, 5. 4. 1 | elderly population over the age of 40. Because of the increased
129 II, 5. 4. 1 | frequent at a much younger age. As an average, nine out
130 II, 5. 4. 1 | 46% of which in the 40-59 age group, with a projection
131 II, 5. 4. 1 | disease. People of working age are mostly involved in the
132 II, 5. 4. 1 | with diabetes duration and age;~Pregnancy: Pregnant women
133 II, 5. 4. 2 | pressure increase by classes of age), but results would be different
134 II, 5. 4. 2 | services.~Information on age, sex and linked medication,
135 II, 5. 4. 2 | incidence of Type 1 diabetes by age/100,000 population 0–14
136 II, 5. 4. 2 | a peak over 75 years of age, with values all over 100/
137 II, 5. 4. 2 | BMI 25 kg/m2 , 30 kg/m2~13~Age at diagnosis of diabetes
138 II, 5. 4. 2 | diabetes mellitus by 10 year age bands~2~IV Epidemiology
139 II, 5. 4. 2 | measurement of blood pressure and age.~Level of blood pressure
140 II, 5. 4. 2 | or equal to 25/30 kg/m2 .~Age at diagnosis by age bands
141 II, 5. 4. 2 | m2 .~Age at diagnosis by age bands is an extremely difficult
142 II, 5. 4. 3 | indicator decreases before the age band of 75-84 years of age.~
143 II, 5. 4. 3 | age band of 75-84 years of age.~Prevalence (stock) of dialysis/
144 II, 5. 4. 3 | below 25 there is no clear age band effect.~Mortality.
145 II, 5. 4. 3 | decreases substantially with age.~Measurement of total cholesterol
146 II, 5. 4. 3 | a median value of 42.5%. Age did not seem to have a major
147 II, 5. 4. 3 | seem to be any significant age effect.~Measurement of HDL
148 II, 5. 4. 3 | women. The influence of age is not consistent amongst
149 II, 5. 4. 3 | percentage increases in the age groups above 65.~Blood pressure
150 II, 5. 4. 3 | Austria. There is a clear age band effect: the older the
151 II, 5. 4. 3 | and 25 does not vary with age, but the percentage of people
152 II, 5. 4. 3 | above 30 decreases with age.~Fundus inspection. In EUCID
153 II, 5. 4. 3 | above 85 compared to other age bands. OECD collected data
154 II, 5. 4. 3 | no clear difference among age bands.~Renal failure. In
155 II, 5. 4. 3 | The trend increases with age. Results reported by OECD
156 II, 5. 4. 3 | is a clear influence of age on the indicator: the older
157 II, 5. 4. 3 | 654.5. The indicator is age dependant with a rising
158 II, 5. 4. 3 | rising incidence above middle age.~ ~
159 II, 5. 4. 4 | mass index, increases with age. About 50% of the general
160 II, 5. 4. 4 | The problem increases with age, with a peak between 65
161 II, 5. 4. 5 | pregnancy only) and~- old age~ ~There are also other causes
162 II, 5. 4. 7 | demographic characteristics (age, gender);~· clinical characteristics (
163 II, 5. 5.Int | but rates increase with age, doubling every four years
164 II, 5. 5.Int | years over 65. After the age of 85 years rates of Alzheimer’
165 II, 5. 5. 1 | is more frequent in young age groups (Alonso et al, 2004a).
166 II, 5. 5. 1 | over 65 than for the other age groups (Eurostat statistics,
167 II, 5. 5. 1 | causes of death in the 15-35 age group for both sexes. Suicide
168 II, 5. 5. 1 | per 100 000 population. Age standardisation delivers
169 II, 5. 5. 1 | population had the same age distribution as the European
170 II, 5. 5. 1 | statistics. It is available in age groups 0-64 years and all
171 II, 5. 5. 1 | available for five year age cohorts, for both sexes
172 II, 5. 5. 1 | 13%) and increased with age.~ ~Table 5.5.1.4. Psychological
173 II, 5. 5. 1 | Psychological distress by gender and age~ ~Logistic regression was
174 II, 5. 5. 1 | used in order to control age, gender, marital status,
175 II, 5. 5. 1 | regression identified gender, age, marital status, employment
176 II, 5. 5. 1 | Netherlands), the oldest age range (³65 years) have lower
177 II, 5. 5. 1 | Source: Eurostat~ ~The annual age adjusted mortality rates
178 II, 5. 5. 1 | Table 5.5.1.6. Annually age adjusted mortality rates
179 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7. Age adjusted mortality rates
180 II, 5. 5. 1 | respectively.~ ~In the 0-14 age group (Table 5.5.1.8) the
181 II, 5. 5. 1 | countries. In the 15-64 age group the lowest suicide
182 II, 5. 5. 1 | and Slovenia. In the 65+ age group the highest rates
183 II, 5. 5. 1 | deaths (N) and average yearly age adjusted mortality rates (
184 II, 5. 5. 1 | inflicted accidents per age group and gender in Europe~ ~
185 II, 5. 5. 1 | gender, in both 15-64 and 65+ age groups, females in all countries
186 II, 5. 5. 1 | Children up to 6 years of age(1997-99): Early years of
187 II, 5. 5. 1 | people belonging to different age groups, children and adolescence,
188 II, 5. 5. 1 | adolescence, those at working age and older people.~o Implementation
189 II, 5. 5. 2 | Although not limited to old age and not a normal part of
190 II, 5. 5. 2 | common in people over the age of 65. It affects about
191 II, 5. 5. 2 | and women in 9 different age groups (30-59, 60-64, 65-
192 II, 5. 5. 2 | women combined, in five year age groups from 60 to 84 years
193 II, 5. 5. 2 | calculated for the 30-59 age group and for men and women
194 II, 5. 5. 2 | prevalence rates per 5 year age groups up to the age of
195 II, 5. 5. 2 | year age groups up to the age of 99, whereas Ferri et
196 II, 5. 5. 2 | from 30 to 99 in five year age groups. Once extracted,
197 II, 5. 5. 2 | extracted, those for the age groups between 30 and 59
198 II, 5. 5. 2 | available for the higher age groups. This was the case
199 II, 5. 5. 2 | people within a particular age range suffering from dementia.~ ~
200 II, 5. 5. 2 | reliable statistics for all age groups and the under-diagnosis
201 II, 5. 5. 2 | methodology, disease type, age range, date and geographical
202 II, 5. 5. 2 | lifestyle. Others, such as age, gender and genetics cannot.
203 II, 5. 5. 2 | number of people reaching old age gradually increases, so
204 II, 5. 5. 2 | possible risk factors such as age, gender or genetic vulnerability
205 II, 5. 5. 2 | population continues to age and governments are faced
206 II, 5. 5. 3 | mostly in adolescence in the age of 13 to 18; however, several
207 II, 5. 5. 3 | residence of the patient. Two age categories are observed
208 II, 5. 5. 3 | diagnoses separately in age group 0-14).~Finland~ ~X~ ~
209 II, 5. 5. 3 | between 13 and 16 years of age (3000 adolescents). Findings
210 II, 5. 5. 3 | dissatisfaction increases with age: 28% for 11-year-olds, 37%
211 II, 5. 5. 3 | of girls increases with age: from 12% for 11-year-olds
212 II, 5. 5. 3 | dissatisfaction increases with age: 12% for 11-year-olds, 23%
213 II, 5. 5. 3 | the level increases with age (WHO, 2004).~Berkman et
214 II, 5. 5. 3 | exception of an earlier age of first onset in males)
215 II, 5. 5. 3 | life years for the 15 to 44 age group, and it ranks third
216 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries with respect to age categories. These data show
217 II, 5. 5. 3 | show a peak in the 30 – 34 age group and again between
218 II, 5. 5. 3 | between 45 and 49 years of age with a continuous increase
219 II, 5. 5. 3 | more pronounced in middle age (Fors et al, 2007).~Thus,
220 II, 5. 5. 3 | Inter-country comparison of hospital age standardized in-patient
221 II, 5. 5. 3 | European Region the 15 – 29 age group has the highest values
222 II, 5. 5. 3 | utilization of adults at age 15 and older covering schizophrenia
223 II, 5. 5. 3 | differ on specific symptoms, age of onset, or natural history.
224 II, 5. 5. 3 | six and eighteen months of age. Some of their characteristic
225 II, 5. 5. 3 | incomplete ascertainment in young age cohorts, which limits the
226 II, 5. 5. 3 | can be explained by the age of the children screened,
227 II, 5. 5. 3 | educational program by the age of two or three. Earlier
228 II, 5. 5. 3 | in patients in different age groups (children, adults,
229 II, 5. 5. 3 | of epilepsy in Europe, by age~ ~With one exception (Cockerell
230 II, 5. 5. 3 | decrease in the younger age groups and increase in the
231 II, 5. 5. 3 | ascertainment of the disease in this age group.~There are only few
232 II, 5. 5. 3 | been found to shift between age groups. The percentage of
233 II, 5. 5. 3 | correlation between SMR and age. In neurologically normal
234 II, 5. 5. 3 | of neurodeficits in this age group. In the Finnish cohort
235 II, 5. 5. 3 | remission rate at 9 years of age (Cockerell et al, 1995).
236 II, 5. 5. 3 | remission rate at 12-30 years of age children was 74-78% (Forsgren,
237 II, 5. 5. 3 | education, personality, age, psychosocial and neuropsychiatric
238 II, 5. 5. 3 | in the younger and older age groups are based on small
239 II, 5. 5. 3 | Impairments, diseases, age and their relative risk
240 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence and prevalence by age, sex, disease course and
241 II, 5. 5. 3 | for a specific country.~ ~Age categorisation for prevalence
242 II, 5. 5. 3 | studies. For this report, the age classification was chosen
243 II, 5. 5. 3 | distribution by country, gender, age, and incidence distribution
244 II, 5. 5. 3 | selected EUGLOREH Countries, by age (best estimates)~ ~Table
245 II, 5. 5. 3 | the changing population age structure, generally increased
246 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence estimates by age group varied significantly
247 II, 5. 5. 3 | Austria were observed for the age group 50-69 and with a woman:
248 II, 5. 5. 3 | same study the total median age at death from MS was 59
249 II, 5. 5. 3 | populations with respect to size, age structure, ethnic origin; (
250 II, 5. 5. 3 | was found. The population age structure is therefore a
251 II, 5. 5. 3 | categorising variables (age group, disease course, disease
252 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence and incidence rates, age at disease onset, life expectancy
253 II, 5. 5. 3 | expectancy at disease onset, age at death, degree and duration
254 II, 5. 5. 3 | demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, disability
255 II, 5. 5. 3 | increasing prevalence in older age groups (>85y; 2205/100.000),
256 II, 5. 5. 3 | publications and reported age ranges varied. In six studies (
257 II, 5. 5. 3 | increased steadily with age; however, in six other studies (
258 II, 5. 5. 3 | between 70 and 90 years of age.~Estimated prevalence and
259 II, 5. 5. 3 | respectively. When only older age groups (>60 years) were
260 II, 5. 5. 3 | strategies, and particularly in age distributions (note that
261 II, 5. 5. 3 | retirement. In the 55 to 64 age group, only 51.2% of the
262 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients retired at a mean age of 50.5 years compared to
263 II, 5. 6. 1 | greater impact in older age, in particular osteoporosis
264 II, 5. 6. 3 | women from 16 to 74 years of age in the UK General Household
265 II, 5. 6. 3 | up to about 65 years of age (Andersson et al, 1993;
266 II, 5. 6. 3 | more prevalent with older age (Figure 5.6.2). A decline
267 II, 5. 6. 3 | noticed over 65 years of age; a plausible explanation
268 II, 5. 6. 3 | be the decline around the age of retirement of the adverse
269 II, 5. 6. 3 | place.~ ~Figure 5.6.1. The age and sex-specific prevalence
270 II, 5. 6. 3 | musculoskeletal diseases per age group in the Netherlands~ ~
271 II, 5. 6. 3 | musculoskeletal diseases per age group in the Netherlands (
272 II, 5. 6. 3 | increases strongly with age.~ ~In the UK, a report on
273 II, 5. 6. 3 | at 45 – 64 and third at age 65 – 84 after dementia and
274 II, 5. 6. 3 | of OA is accelerated by age, and in the hip and knee
275 II, 5. 6. 3 | progression increases with age.~ ~Prevalence~ ~Prevalence
276 II, 5. 6. 3 | increases indefinitely with age as OA is not reversible (
277 II, 5. 6. 3 | uncommon in those under the age of 40 but are seen in most
278 II, 5. 6. 3 | are seen in most over the age of 70 (van Saase et al,
279 II, 5. 6. 3 | Prevalence of radiographic OA by age A) Men~Figure 5.6.4b. Prevalence
280 II, 5. 6. 3 | Prevalence of radiographic OA by age B) Women~ ~Determinants,
281 II, 5. 6. 3 | and population at risk~ ~Age is the strongest predictor
282 II, 5. 6. 3 | who reaches 90 years of age will have OA in some joint (
283 II, 5. 6. 3 | females, increasing at the age of 50 especially in the
284 II, 5. 6. 3 | prevalence rise with increasing age and obesity, extending life
285 II, 5. 6. 3 | generally rises with increasing age until about the age of 70,
286 II, 5. 6. 3 | increasing age until about the age of 70, to then decline (
287 II, 5. 6. 3 | comparable because they are not age standardised; nevertheless,
288 II, 5. 6. 3 | various cohorts include older age, female gender, longer disease
289 II, 5. 6. 3 | various cohorts include older age, female gender, longer disease
290 II, 5. 6. 3 | woman about 55 years of age with a wrist fracture. Ten
291 II, 5. 6. 3 | 10–15 years later, at the age of 75–80, she may fall and
292 II, 5. 6. 3 | fragility fractures at the age of 50 or more is considerable (
293 II, 5. 6. 3 | strongly increases with age, with rates of 2/100,000
294 II, 5. 6. 3 | person-years in women 85 years of age and older, with rates in
295 II, 5. 6. 3 | 1992). Above 50 years of age there is a female to male
296 II, 5. 6. 3 | continue to increase after the age of 70 among women, perhaps
297 II, 5. 6. 3 | fractures also rise steeply with age and are greater in women
298 II, 5. 6. 3 | deformity increases with age and is present in one in
299 II, 5. 6. 3 | between 50 and 80 years of age.~ ~On the basis of the IOF
300 II, 5. 6. 3 | from 5% in women at the age of 50 to 50% at the age
301 II, 5. 6. 3 | age of 50 to 50% at the age of 85, whilst in men the
302 II, 5. 6. 3 | population at risk~ ~Apart from age and female gender, the major
303 II, 5. 6. 3 | of falling increases with age. Hip fracture may also occur
304 II, 5. 6. 3 | especially those of advanced age or with comorbidity. Pain
305 II, 5. 6. 3 | common at this advanced age and contributes to the impact
306 II, 5. 6. 3 | between 25 and 64 years of age (van den Velden et al, 1991).
307 II, 5. 6. 3 | pain is associated with age, physical fitness, smoking,
308 II, 5. 6. 4 | greater impact in older age. The ageing of the population
309 II, 5. 6. 6 | studies of differences in age, gender, social class, and
310 II, 5. 7. 1 | indicate that CKD at this age is rare (Ardissino et al,
311 II, 5. 7. 3 | modified by adjustment for age, gender, and diabetes. Age
312 II, 5. 7. 3 | age, gender, and diabetes. Age and GFR at the beginning
313 II, 5. 7. 3 | 2005 steeply increased with age and was higher in males
314 II, 5. 7. 3 | the 1992-2005 period per age group, gender and cause
315 II, 5. 7. 3 | patients over 65 years of age which had more than doubled.
316 II, 5. 7. 3 | of RRT in the 0-14 years age group was 43 per million
317 II, 5. 7. 3 | group was 43 per million of age related population (Table
318 II, 5. 7. 3 | stage 3-5 CKD increased with age (Figure 5.7.4).~ ~Figure
319 II, 5. 7. 3 | Figure 5.7.4. Sex and age specific prevalence of stages
320 II, 5. 7. 3 | chronic kidney disease by age and sex.~ ~In 2005 the crude
321 II, 5. 7. 3 | and B). It increased with age and was more than 50% higher
322 II, 5. 7. 3 | the period 1992-2005 by age group, gender and cause
323 II, 5. 7. 3 | 40% increase in the 15-64 age group and a more than 130%
324 II, 5. 7. 3 | 130% increase in the 65+ age group. In the 0-14 age group,
325 II, 5. 7. 3 | age group. In the 0-14 age group, however, the prevalence
326 II, 5. 7. 3 | 64 and over 65 years of age respectively (Table 5.7.
327 II, 5. 7. 3 | incident RRT patients per age group, gender and cause
328 II, 5. 7. 4 | factors, be affected by the age and gender distribution
329 II, 5. 8. 3 | adults over 40 years of age. A total of 62 studies reported
330 II, 5. 8. 3 | due to COPD increases with age and is greater in men than
331 II, 5. 8. 3 | n = 2,699) in 1998 with age, gender, time, and practice-matched
332 II, 5. 8. 3 | COPD patients, with a mean age of 67 and an average FEV
333 II, 5. 8. 4 | Lundback (2003) showed that age and smoking were the two
334 II, 5. 8. 4 | multivariate analysis including age, gender, smoking habits,
335 II, 5. 8. 4 | people over 50 years of age. This was contradicted in
336 II, 5. 8. 4 | is already present at the age of 20-45, with prevalence
337 II, 5. 8. 4 | people to survive in old age, such as enhanced interventions
338 II, 5. 9. FB | remit spontaneously with age (Figure 5.FB.1).~ ~Figure
339 II, 5. 9. FB | diseases can arise at any age, although they more often
340 II, 5. 9. FB | European children under the age of ten is affected by a
341 II, 5. 9. FB | of atopic symptoms at the age of 42 in obese people. A
342 II, 5. 9. FB | diseases at 18 – 47 ys of age (Bener et al, 2007). On
343 II, 5. 9. FB | incidence of wheezing at the age of 3 months in breast-fed
344 II, 5. 9. FB | beyond 4 to 6 months of age for the development of atopic
345 II, 5. 9. 2 | including patients from all age groups with current asthma.
346 II, 5. 9. 3 | population (20-44 years of age) (de Marco, 2000).~ ~Previous
347 II, 5. 9. 3 | noticed before for the limited age range considered in the
348 II, 5. 9. 3 | asthma from birth to the age of 44 by using data from
349 II, 5. 9. 3 | remission had an earlier age at onset (7.8 vs 15.9 years,
350 II, 5. 9. 3 | inversely related to the age at onset (62.8% and 15.0%
351 II, 5. 9. 3 | the prevalence in tha same age range varied from 2.5% to
352 II, 5. 9. 3 | Figure 5.9.3. Asthma by age 14 years in ECHRS and ISAAC
353 II, 5. 9. 3 | survey; however, the mean age at diagnosis (9.6 years)
354 II, 5. 9. 3 | children of 6-7 years of age and 16.9% in children of
355 II, 5. 9. 3 | children of 13.14 years of age), Romania (7%), Switzerland (
356 II, 5. 9. 3 | from 24% to 26% in the age group 15 years and older,
357 II, 5. 9. 4 | and under-diagnosed in all age ranges; particular care
358 II, 5. 9. 4 | of asthma in the working age. Occupations at high risk
359 II, 5. 9. 4 | without differences between age groups. Farm children living
360 II, 5. 9. 4 | Parietaria judaica. The age–sex standardized prevalence
361 II, 5. 9. 4 | Highest, median and lowest age–sex standardized prevalence
362 II, 5. 9. 4 | Table 5.9.6. Standardized (age, gender) prevalence of sensitization
363 II, 5. 9. 4 | tested and standardized (age, gender) prevalence of sensitization
364 II, 5. 9. 7 | and mean total IgE with age and cohort. JACI 2005;116:
365 II, 5. 10. 1 | is strongly linked to the age group considered (EFSA,
366 II, 5. 10. 2 | taking into account the age group and the method used
367 II, 5. 10. 4 | particular concern in certain age groups such as children
368 II, 5. 10. 6 | their true prevalence across age groups, taking into account
369 II, 5. 11. 3 | diseases tends to increase with age, and there is hardly any
370 II, 5. 11. 3 | individual over 50 years of age who does not need dermatologic
371 II, 5. 11. 3 | Point prevalence at 2 yrs of age=7%~Böhme M, et al~ ~Swedish
372 II, 5. 11. 3 | between 5% to 20% by the age of 11 (Kay et al, 1994;
373 II, 5. 11. 3 | practiced before 20 years of age (L Dotterud and E Falk,
374 II, 5. 11. 3 | especially common in old age, affecting around 29% of
375 II, 5. 11. 3 | and 3.8% in the following age groups:15–24, 25–34, 35–
376 II, 5. 11. 3 | in the 40 to 60 years of age group (Rea, 1976).~A study
377 II, 5. 11. 7 | dermatitis at two years of age: A prospective, population-based
378 II, 5. 11. 7 | of skin diseases in old age. Acta Dermato Venereol 1980;
379 II, 5. 12. 2 | rates for each five-year age group and calendar period
380 II, 5. 12. 2 | all ages and truncated at age 35 to 64 years, were computed
381 II, 5. 12. 3 | and at 35 to 64 years of age for various European countries
382 II, 5. 12. 3 | ages and at 35-64 years of age from various European countries
383 II, 5. 12. 3 | truncated rates (35-64 years of age) from cirrhosis in men were
384 II, 5. 12. 3 | truncated rates (35-64 years of age), in 2000-02 the highest
385 II, 5. 12. 3 | ages and at 35-64 years of age from various European countries
386 II, 5. 14. 1 | they fall out normally – age 10 to 12 – allows adequate
387 II, 5. 14. 1 | of tooth loss after the age of 40-45. Epidemiology has
388 II, 5. 14. 2 | children, adolescents, adults age group and elderly. The tradition
389 II, 5. 14. 2 | children at 6 and 12 years of age.~Numerator: Total number
390 II, 5. 14. 2 | children at 6 and 12 years of age.~Denominator: Total number
391 II, 5. 14. 2 | children at 6 and 12 years of age surveyed.~ ~b. Dental Contact
392 II, 5. 14. 2 | Proportion of population in the age group 12, 15, 18 and 35-
393 II, 5. 14. 2 | Number of individuals in the age group 12, 15, 18 and 35-
394 II, 5. 14. 2 | Number of individuals in the age group 12, 15, 18 and 35-
395 II, 5. 14. 2 | status is recommended at age 12 and 15.~ ~d. Edentulous
396 II, 5. 14. 2 | slows down with increased age. The disease is mainly found
397 II, 5. 14. 3 | serious decay threshold at age 12, varying around 1-1.5
398 II, 5. 14. 3 | slows down with increased age. The disease is mainly found
399 II, 5. 14. 3 | found to be 58.3% at the age of12.~ ~Figure 5.14.3. Children
400 II, 5. 14. 3 | significantly depending on age, race, dental status, level
401 II, 5. 14. 5 | and well-being into old age through a life-long perspective
402 II, 5. 14. 6 | affected and within this age group further difficulties
403 II, 5. 15. 3 | 3% of deaths before the age of 1 year, to 9.6% of deaths
404 II, 5. 15. 3 | 6% of deaths between the age of 1 and 5 and to 12.5%
405 II, 5. 15. 3 | between 5 and 15 years of age. In terms of hospitalisation,
406 II, 6. 3. 1 | surveillance. In 22 diseases the age groups most affected were
407 II, 6. 3. 1 | EU incidence (2005), main age groups affected (2005),
408 II, 6. 3. 3 | most common in the 15–24 age group and that infection
409 II, 6. 3. 3 | were observed in the 15–24 age group , while the incidence
410 II, 6. 3. 3 | 100 000), with the 25–44 age group as the most affected.
411 II, 6. 3. 4 | 2 Tubercolosis cases by age and gender~ ~ ~ ~Figure
412 II, 6. 3. 4 | Table 6.A1.3 Cases of TB by age groups~ ~ ~ ~ ~The EU countries
413 II, 6. 3. 4 | 14 represented 4%. Mean age is lower in western countries
414 II, 6. 3. 4 | rates increase slowly with age and are the highest in the
415 II, 6. 3. 5 | tract infections in all age groups, but is also common
416 II, 6. 3. 5 | the highest in the over-65 age group (15.3 per 100 000),
417 II, 6. 3. 5 | followed by the under-4 age group (14.1 per 100 000),
418 II, 6. 3. 5 | remained low. After 25 years of age, the incidence rates increased
419 II, 6. 3. 5 | incidence rates increased with age.~ ~ ~Conjugated pneumococcal
420 II, 6. 3. 5 | reported among the youngest age groups (0–14 years).~ ~In
421 II, 6. 3. 5 | reporting the highest rates. The age and sex distribution varied
422 II, 6. 3. 6 | 6.7). The most affected age group is children under
423 II, 6. 3. 6 | group is children under the age of five years. The disease
424 II, 6. 3. 6 | incidence was reported in the age group 0–4 years (27% of
425 II, 6. 3. 6 | decreasing steadily in the older age groups. Some countries,
426 II, 6. 3. 6 | VTEC. The most affected age group appears to be 0–4
427 II, 6. 3. 6 | individuals over 65 years of age. In 2005, 96 listeriosis
428 II, 6. 3. 6 | seen in children under the age of 15.~ ~
429 II, 6. 3. 6 | Most cases occurred in the age groups under 15 years. Comparisons
430 II, 6. 3. 6 | rates. The two most affected age groups are children 5–14
431 II, 6. 3. 6 | are children 5–14 years of age and adults 45–64 years of
432 II, 6. 3. 6 | and adults 45–64 years of age.~ ~
433 II, 6. 3. 7 | increases with advancing age and may reach 20% or more.
434 II, 7. 3. 2 | death. When you combine all age groups, i.e. young through
435 II, 7. 3. 2 | Leading cause of death per age group, EU27).~ ~Table 7.
436 II, 7. 3. 2 | Leading cause of death per age group, EU27~ ~There is an
437 II, 7. 3. 2 | When looking at gender and age, injuries affect males and
438 II, 7. 3. 2 | deaths per 100 000 by sex and age group, EU27~ ~Recent trends
439 II, 7. 3. 4 | road traffic accidents per age group and injury severity~ ~
440 II, 7. 3. 5 | Some risk factors vary with age, gender and ethnic group.
441 II, 7. 3. 5 | maltreatment (WHO, 2002).~ ~For all age groups taken together, interpersonal
442 II, 7. 3. 5 | particular for 5% in the 1-4 age group. Again, differences
443 II, 7. 3. 5 | distributed evenly among sex or age groups. More men than women
444 II, 7. 4 | costs: On average, in all age groups, injuries account
445 II, 7. 4 | risks according to sex, age and social status.~ ~The
446 II, 7. 4. 1 | impact on health in this age group:~ ~The share of fatal
447 II, 7. 4. 1 | between 1 to 24 years of age. The annual death toll for
448 II, 7. 4. 1 | annual death toll for this age group is estimated as 26000
449 II, 7. 4. 1 | death in % of all deaths per age group, EU27~ ~Deaths of
450 II, 7. 4. 1 | cause of death, 1-4 years of age~ ~According to these figures,
451 II, 7. 4. 1 | than 20 000 people in this age group die due to injuries (
452 II, 7. 4. 1 | Leading cause of death per age group, EU27). Traffic accidents
453 II, 7. 4. 1 | of death, 15-24 years of age~ ~The AdRisk – Project is
454 II, 7. 4. 2 | Injuries, at an advanced age account for a higher than
455 II, 7. 4. 2 | causes of death, 65+ years of age~ ~Several networks and projects
456 II, 7. 4. 4 | playing football are below the age of 25. More than 90% of
457 II, 7. 4. 4 | aerobics are also in this age group (Figure 7.22).~ ~Figure
458 II, 7. 4. 4 | at the time of injury by age group, 2003-2005~ ~Physical
459 II, 7. 4. 6 | Some risk factors vary with age, gender, sexual orientation
460 II, 7. 7 | Road traffic accidents by age group and injury severity (
461 II, 8. 1. 3 | to LSHPD increases with age: reported prevalence was
462 II, 8. 1. 3 | was less than 4% in the age group 16-24, 9% in the age
463 II, 8. 1. 3 | age group 16-24, 9% in the age group 25-54 and about 20% (
464 II, 8. 1. 3 | restricted were about 12%) in the age group 55-64. Chest and breathing
465 II, 8. 1. 3 | were less frequent, in the age group 16-24 years compared
466 II, 8. 1. 3 | years compared with older age groups. Among people with
467 II, 8. 1. 3 | those not restricted. In the age group 20-24, this proportion
468 II, 8. 1. 3 | employment rates of people in the age group 16-64 were 28% among
469 II, 8. 1. 3 | no restrictions; in the age group 55-64 years, such
470 II, 8. 1. 3 | people of corresponding age.~ ~Support provided and
471 II, 8. 1. 3 | proportion of men in working age (16-64 years) with income
472 II, 8. 1. 3 | Among women of working age, about 16% of those with
473 II, 8. 2. 1 | adaptive behaviour’, defined as age appropriate functioning
474 II, 8. 2. 1 | disability originates before age 18’ (AAMR 2002, p8). Changes
475 II, 8. 2. 1 | were followed up to the age of 11.5 years, showed a
476 II, 8. 2. 1 | children followed up to the age of 14 in Northern Finland.
477 II, 8. 2. 1 | before a child reaches the age of 18 years. It can be caused
478 II, 8. 2. 1 | intellectual disability, age and location.~ ~
479 II, 8. 2. 1 | related conditions in the old age.~Efforts at the level of
480 II, 8. 2. 1 | social services as they age. Improving access to health promotion
481 II, 8. 2. 1 | than patients of the same age and gender in the general
482 II, 8. 2. 3 | moderate severity in the age group 15-19 year has been
483 II, 8. 2. 3 | hearing loss are presbycusis (age related hearing loss) followed
484 II, 9 | AND TRENDS FOR DIFFERENT AGE AND GENDER~POPULATION GROUPS~
485 II, 9 | trends concerning different age population groups (i.e.
486 II, 9 | perinatal health~ ~High maternal age at delivery. Maternal demographic
487 II, 9 | relationship between maternal age and perinatal health outcomes
488 II, 9 | compare the extremes of the age distribution. The risk of
489 II, 9 | approximately 35 years of age. For younger mothers, the
490 II, 9 | among women of childbearing age varies across Europe, as
491 II, 9 | deprivation.~ ~Older maternal age is a risk factor for chromosomal
492 II, 9 | syndrome. Trends towards older age at childbearing are a complex
493 II, 9 | often beginning at an early age. Weekly drinking is more
494 II, 9 | than girls and rises with age from over a tenth of 11
495 II, 9 | in nineteen countries by age 15. In a few countries the
496 II, 9 | girls are very similar at age 15, such as Norway and the
497 II, 9 | intercourse at about the same age. Belgium and Germany are
498 II, 9 | too sensitive for younger age groups. The ranges of reported
499 II, 9 | countries and regions and all age groups, girls are less active
500 II, 9 | gender gap increases with age. The countries with the
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