Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | Report covers most relevant diseases and disorders as well as
2 I, 2. 1 | zoonoses and food borne diseases much more difficult.~ ~At
3 I, 2. 2 | zoonoses and food-borne diseases as well as of other problematic
4 I, 2. 2 | transmission of infectious diseases although there are severe
5 I, 2. 2 | exposed to (re-)emerging diseases and can be an involuntary
6 I, 2. 2 | for the entrance of these diseases in Europe. Environmental,
7 I, 2. 2 | vector-borne and other infectious diseases, some of them imported from
8 I, 2. 2 | of food-borne and other diseases much more difficult to carry
9 I, 2. 3 | coming from specific areas of diseases almost absent or assumed
10 I, 2. 4 | declines for cardiovascular diseases. In many Western European
11 I, 2. 4 | prevalence of most specific diseases (including mental illness)
12 I, 2. 4 | indicate that most chronic diseases have a higher prevalence
13 I, 2. 4 | and incidence of certain diseases; and ensuring more effective
14 I, 2. 5 | the risk of cardiovascular diseases.~ ~Pension provision. Whereas
15 I, 2. 9 | A number of vector-borne diseases are expected to increase
16 I, 2. 9 | possible spread of these diseases is very dependent on early
17 I, 2. 10. 1 | understanding of health and diseases as well as concepts of prevention
18 I, 2. 10. 1 | underlying biological factors of diseases such as genomic variants.
19 I, 2. 10. 1 | measure the prevalence of diseases if the surveillance is purely
20 II, 4. 1 | assumption whilst infectious diseases represented the main cause
21 II, 4. 1 | were replaced by chronic diseases, the risk of becoming ill
22 II, 4. 2 | heart and cerebrovascular diseases to the rise in life expectancy
23 II, 4. 2 | mortality by circulatory diseases (causes 6, 7 and 8 in table
24 II, 4. 2 | ischemic and other heart diseases and strokes. Changes in
25 II, 4. 2 | expectancy than circulatory diseases. One important part of mortality
26 II, 4. 2 | all countries. Infectious diseases (cause 1 in table 3) did
27 II, 4. 2 | several countries, infectious diseases had a negative effect on
28 II, 4. 2 | Mortality by respiratory diseases (cause 9 in table 3) declined
29 II, 4. 2 | mortality of circulatory diseases. Smoking has had a negative
30 II, 4. 2 | circulatory and respiratory diseases.~ ~Table 4.2.4 shows by
31 II, 4. 2 | mortality by circulatory diseases and its share in the total
32 II, 4. 2 | mortality by circulatory diseases caused more than half of
33 II, 4. 2 | mortality by circulatory diseases to changes in life expectancy
34 II, 5 | IMPACTS OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES~AND RELATED TIME-TRENDS~ ~
35 II, 5. 1. 1 | 1. Main non-communicable diseases and their risk factors~ ~
36 II, 5. 1. 1 | Main non-communicable diseases with a high impact in terms
37 II, 5. 1. 1 | morbidity include cardiovascular diseases; cancer; asthma and other
38 II, 5. 1. 1 | asthma and other respiratory diseases; diabetes; obesity and other
39 II, 5. 1. 1 | and other chronic liver diseases; nephrological diseases;
40 II, 5. 1. 1 | diseases; nephrological diseases; musculoskeletal diseases;
41 II, 5. 1. 1 | diseases; musculoskeletal diseases; mental disease and disorders;
42 II, 5. 1. 1 | neurodegenerative and non psychiatric diseases. Injuries, poisoning and
43 II, 5. 1. 1 | Main non lethal chronic diseases include dermatological diseases,
44 II, 5. 1. 1 | diseases include dermatological diseases, allergic diseases and intolerances.~ ~
45 II, 5. 1. 1 | dermatological diseases, allergic diseases and intolerances.~ ~In developed
46 II, 5. 1. 1 | chronic non-communicable diseases are clearly on the rise
47 II, 5. 1. 1 | countries. Non-communicable diseases, disorders and disabilities
48 II, 5. 1. 1 | chronic non-communicable diseases (Table 5.1.1). On the other
49 II, 5. 1. 1 | such as coronary hearth diseases. Finally, rehabilitation
50 II, 5. 1. 1 | factors for non-communicable diseases~Cardiovascular diseases~
51 II, 5. 1. 1 | diseases~Cardiovascular diseases~CVD clinically manifests
52 II, 5. 1. 1 | report. ~.~Neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders~ ~· Mood/anxiety
53 II, 5. 1. 1 | of other conditions and diseases such as cancer and cardio-vascular
54 II, 5. 1. 1 | cancer and cardio-vascular diseases.~ ~· Multiple Sclerosis~
55 II, 5. 1. 1 | neurodegenerative process of Parkinson’s Diseases is still unknown.~ ~· Other
56 II, 5. 1. 1 | section 5.6.~Respiratory diseases including asthma~The main
57 II, 5. 1. 1 | with chronic infections diseases like HIV and viral hepatitis (
58 II, 5. 1. 1 | drinking.~Dermatological diseases~Main contact dermatitis
59 II, 5. 1. 1 | rubber compounds.~Periodontal diseases~The available evidence shows
60 II, 5. 1. 2 | consultations are due to chronic diseases which cannot be healed,
61 II, 5. 1. 2 | with his patient.~ ~Chronic diseases and their treatments can
62 II, 5. 1. 2 | in case of long lasting diseases. A successful management
63 II, 5. 1. 3 | The management of chronic diseases requires the development
64 II, 5. 1. 3 | of care for all long-term diseases or conditions, although
65 II, 5. 1. 4 | for people with chronic diseases in several ways. The interactive
66 II, 5. 1. 4 | People affected by chronic diseases should be informed about
67 II, 5. 2 | 5.2. Cardiovascular diseases~ ~
68 II, 5. 2.Acr | determinants of CArdiovascular diseases~WHO-HFA~World Health Organization –
69 II, 5. 2. 1 | 5.2.1. Introduction~ ~Diseases of the circulatory system (
70 II, 5. 2. 1 | consist of ischemic heart diseases including myocardial infarction (
71 II, 5. 2. 1 | ICD 9: 410-414), and other diseases (ICD 9: 390-409 and 415-
72 II, 5. 2. 3 | Table 5.2.1. Ischemic heart diseases (codes ICD-9: 410-14) -
73 II, 5. 2. 3 | Trends for ischemic heart diseases (codes ICD-9 410-14) Men
74 II, 5. 2. 3 | Trends for ischemic heart diseases (codes ICD-9 410-14) Women
75 II, 5. 2. 5 | other major non-communicable diseases.~· In 2006, a large conference
76 II, 5. 2. 6 | faster for CVD than in other diseases. Therefore, policies that
77 II, 5. 2. 7 | and other cardiovascular diseases in 27 countries, 1968-1977.
78 II, 5. 2. 7 | prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Bulletin of the World Health
79 II, 5. 2. 7 | burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task
80 II, 5. 3.Acr | International Classification of Diseases~LE~Life Expectancy~MOSES~
81 II, 5. 3. 2 | Unlike other communicable diseases, registration for cancer
82 II, 5. 3. 3 | presentation~ ~Cancer is a mix of diseases with different burden in
83 II, 5. 3. 3 | International Classification of Diseases (ICD).~- Cancer mortality
84 II, 5. 3. 8 | limited number of major killer diseases to a long list of distinct
85 II, 5. 3. 8 | preventing non-communicable diseases published by the WHO in
86 II, 5. 3. 9 | Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. htt f (document online,
87 II, 5. 4. 1 | As for many other chronic diseases, an adequate self-management
88 II, 5. 4. 2 | collection of data on chronic diseases hamper the establishment
89 II, 5. 4. 2 | ideal model for chronic diseases, with very little technical
90 II, 5. 4. 2 | those diagnosed with the diseases, and other sources are not
91 II, 5. 4. 7 | Diabetes, like other chronic diseases, needs a long-term vision
92 II, 5. 4. 7 | areas, particularly chronic diseases although no one fits all
93 II, 5. 4. 8 | epidemiology of chronic diseases: the example of diabetes.
94 II, 5. 5 | 5.5. Mental and brain diseases and disorders~ ~
95 II, 5. 5.Int(19)| population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research
96 II, 5. 5. 1 | attributable, for example, to heart diseases and diabetes.~ ~Figure 5.
97 II, 5. 5. 2 | cerebral and extracerebral diseases. Neuro-degenerative diseases
98 II, 5. 5. 2 | diseases. Neuro-degenerative diseases and small cerebro-vascular
99 II, 5. 5. 2 | cerebro-vascular vessel diseases account for most cases of
100 II, 5. 5. 2 | of other conditions and diseases such as cancer and cardio-vascular
101 II, 5. 5. 2 | cancer and cardio-vascular diseases (British Heart Foundation,
102 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3. OTHER DISEASES~ ~
103 II, 5. 5. 3 | endocrines and metabolic diseases and mental disorders are
104 II, 5. 5. 3 | unhealthy behaviour may cause diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis,
105 II, 5. 5. 3 | complications, cardiovascular diseases, overweight, diabetes, dental
106 II, 5. 5. 3 | With respect to psychiatric diseases, depression and addiction
107 II, 5. 5. 3 | with consecutive somatic diseases of the cardiovascular system (
108 II, 5. 5. 3 | great deal of co-morbid diseases remains undiagnosed and
109 II, 5. 5. 3 | mental illnesses and somatic diseases. The rates vary widely depending
110 II, 5. 5. 3 | Psychotherapy and Nervous Diseases recently initiated a National
111 II, 5. 5. 3 | wider and complex group of diseases/conditions known as Autism
112 II, 5. 5. 3 | accidents and respiratory diseases among people with severe
113 II, 5. 5. 3 | problems e.g. cardio-vascular diseases, diabetes and cancer.~In
114 II, 5. 5. 3 | and ‘Major and Chronic Diseases’ Task Forces of the European
115 II, 5. 5. 3 | Vaa T (2005): Impairments, diseases, age and their relative
116 II, 5. 5. 3 | International Classification of Diseases) codes as they may reflect
117 II, 5. 5. 3 | causes or from age-related diseases if they are in the older
118 II, 5. 5. 3 | International Classification of Diseases~IL~Interleukin~IM~Intramuscularly~
119 II, 5. 5. 3 | nigra pars compacta. Other diseases which also result in the
120 II, 5. 5. 3 | selected as one of the key diseases. New studies are planned
121 II, 5. 5. 3 | productivity loss due to 12 major diseases in 6 countries representative
122 II, 5. 6. 1 | sometimes called rheumatic diseases and those predominantly
123 II, 5. 6. 1 | the major non-communicable diseases in Europe in the WHO European
124 II, 5. 6. 2 | Report on Major and Chronic Diseases. These data have been supplemented
125 II, 5. 6. 3 | reported musculoskeletal diseases per age group in the Netherlands~ ~
126 II, 5. 6. 3 | reported musculoskeletal diseases per age group in the Netherlands (
127 II, 5. 6. 3 | Netherlands (different group of diseases)~ ~Disability and quality
128 II, 5. 6. 3 | retardation. Coronary heart diseases and other circulatory diseases
129 II, 5. 6. 3 | diseases and other circulatory diseases accounted for 4.8%. This
130 II, 5. 6. 3 | related musculoskeletal diseases as studies have shown that
131 II, 5. 6. 6 | Socioeconomic Costs of Rheumatic Diseases. Implications for Technology
132 II, 5. 6. 6 | reported musculoskeletal diseases is high. Ann Rheum Dis.
133 II, 5. 6. 6 | reporting musculoskeletal diseases. J Rheumatol 19:1020-1030~
134 II, 5. 6. 6 | Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases at the Start of the New
135 II, 5. 6. 6 | Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. Report of the 56th Session
136 II, 5. 6. 6 | Economic Burden of Rheumatic Diseases. In Kelley's Textbook of
137 II, 5. 7. 1 | not listed among chronic diseases in the 2005 WHO report (
138 II, 5. 7. 1 | patients with cardiovascular diseases where it acts as a risk
139 II, 5. 7. 1 | complications in other chronic diseases like in neoplasia and in
140 II, 5. 7. 1 | between CKD and other chronic diseases with the ultimate scope
141 II, 5. 7. 1 | cardiovascular risk and to other diseases and its economic implications
142 II, 5. 7. 1 | costs for other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes
143 II, 5. 7. 1 | diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are magnified by the epidemics
144 II, 5. 7. 1 | burden deriving from these diseases. Even though cardiovascular
145 II, 5. 7. 1 | Even though cardiovascular diseases largely remain the main
146 II, 5. 7. 1 | the death toll of chronic diseases, communicable diseases are
147 II, 5. 7. 1 | chronic diseases, communicable diseases are not yet under control
148 II, 5. 7. 1 | in people with infectious diseases and neoplasias and amplifies
149 II, 5. 7. 1 | policies for other chronic diseases.~ ~Information on CKD in
150 II, 5. 7. 1 | Fadrowski et al, 2006), these diseases impose high direct and indirect
151 II, 5. 7. 3 | overestimate the prevalence of diseases and this is apparent also
152 II, 5. 7. 3 | overestimate the prevalence of diseases and this was apparent also
153 II, 5. 7. 4 | with chronic infectious diseases such as HIV and viral hepatitis (
154 II, 5. 7. 4 | inequalities. This is true for diseases such as hypertension (Diez
155 II, 5. 7. 5 | with chronic infectious diseases such as HIV and viral hepatitis (
156 II, 5. 7. 5 | for the detection of these diseases.~ ~Policies~ ~· The Danish
157 II, 5. 7. 5 | not list CKD among chronic diseases. On September 26th 2007,
158 II, 5. 7. 5 | exacerbate the effects of their diseases. Early figures indicate
159 II, 5. 7. 6 | policies for other chronic diseases.~ ~In Europe there is still
160 II, 5. 7. 7 | and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2005.~Ardissino G, Dacco
161 II, 5. 8. 1 | associated with respiratory diseases, accounting for 3.8% of
162 II, 5. 8. 2 | ICD10 Codes for pulmonary diseases~ ~J43~ ~Emphysema~ ~ ~Excludes:~
163 II, 5. 8. 2 | emphysema ( J4 )~lung diseases due to external agents ( J6 )~
164 II, 5. 8. 3 | pathway co-morbidities: diseases with a common patho-physiology,
165 II, 5. 8. 3 | COPD, other smoking-related diseases~• Complicating co-morbidities:
166 II, 5. 8. 3 | cataract, migraine, skin diseases, depression, up to diabetes,
167 II, 5. 8. 3 | subjects with different index diseases at baseline, showed that
168 II, 5. 8. 3 | stage I, II and III of the diseases.~ ~In the SCOPE study, performed
169 II, 5. 8. 3 | exacerbations, and 34% to other diseases, one-third of the total
170 II, 5. 8. 3 | to admissions for other diseases.~ ~In Sweden, the largest
171 II, 5. 8. 4 | for acute cardiovascular diseases, and acute infections, will
172 II, 5. 8. 4 | is one of several chronic diseases that will become more frequent.
173 II, 5. 8. 5 | against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) is being developed
174 II, 5. 8. 5 | great problem of respiratory diseases among the general public
175 II, 5. 8. 5 | research on chronic respiratory diseases (MacNee et al, 2007).~ ~
176 II, 5. 8. 7 | against Chronic Respiratory Diseases.~Eur Respir J 2007; 29:
177 II, 5. 8. 7 | Comorbidity of somatic chronic diseases and decline in physical
178 II, 5. 9.Acr | SAPALDIA~Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults~ ~ ~ ~
179 II, 5. 9. FB | FOCUS BOX~Allergic diseases and atopy~ ~
180 II, 5. 9. FB | Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients~ Associations~-
181 II, 5. 9. FB | allergic march~ ~Allergic diseases can currently be managed
182 II, 5. 9. FB | Epidemiology of allergic diseases~ ~Prevalence of allergic
183 II, 5. 9. FB | Prevalence of allergic diseases~ ~More and more people are
184 II, 5. 9. FB | are developing allergic diseases and it is estimated that,~
185 II, 5. 9. FB | allergy. Furthermore, allergic diseases are often underestimated,
186 II, 5. 9. FB | adequate treatment. Allergic diseases are considered “global”
187 II, 5. 9. FB | are considered “global” diseases not only because they are
188 II, 5. 9. FB | body as a whole. Allergic diseases can arise at any age, although
189 II, 5. 9. FB | to the fact that allergic diseases require the health care
190 II, 5. 9. FB | crucial as some allergic diseases can be risk factors for
191 II, 5. 9. FB | epidemiology of allergic diseases. First of all, despite the
192 II, 5. 9. FB | allergic individuals.~Allergic diseases have a multifactorial aetiology,
193 II, 5. 9. FB | the incidence of allergic diseases in Europe seen particularly
194 II, 5. 9. FB | increasing incidence of allergic diseases across Europe could be partially
195 II, 5. 9. FB | development of atopy and allergic diseases. Exclusive breast-feeding
196 II, 5. 9. FB | the incidence of allergic diseases at 18 – 47 ys of age (Bener
197 II, 5. 9. FB | the prevalence of allergic diseases has become a serious public
198 II, 5. 9. FB | improvement of allergic diseases. The following measures
199 II, 5. 9. FB | prevent the onset of allergic diseases and finally, remove employees
200 II, 5. 9. FB | developments~ ~Allergic diseases can have a heavy impact
201 II, 5. 9. FB | in dealing with allergic diseases is their prevention, mainly
202 II, 5. 9. 1 | and AR are often co-morbid diseases to such an extent that the
203 II, 5. 9. 2 | J45-J46 ICD9)~Groups of diseases which are dealt with in
204 II, 5. 9. 2 | objective markers of atopic diseases and investigated allergic
205 II, 5. 9. 3 | Allergy White Paper” (Allergic diseases as a public health problem
206 II, 5. 9. 4 | decreased prevalence of allergic diseases in children having daily
207 II, 5. 9. 4 | on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) (Wü ch
208 II, 5. 9. 4 | was collected on allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis,
209 II, 5. 9. 4 | in relation to allergic diseases (Alberg T 2009)~ ~Also the
210 II, 5. 9. 5 | related to the major allergic diseases were included in all health
211 II, 5. 9. 5 | well as for other chronic diseases;~3. monitoring asthma related
212 II, 5. 9. 6 | patients affected by different diseases with healthy subjects, while
213 II, 5. 9. 6 | against chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) (Bo l, 2006), a WHO
214 II, 5. 9. 6 | regarding chronic respiratory diseases. The participating organizations
215 II, 5. 9. 6 | control of chronic respiratory diseases, with a particular emphasis
216 II, 5. 9. 7 | Alfvén T (2006): Allergic diseases and atopic sensitization
217 II, 5. 9. 7 | Canonica GW (2006): Allergic diseases and their impact on quality
218 II, 5. 9. 7 | against chronic Respiratory Diseases). Rev Mal Respir.Sep; 23 (
219 II, 5. 9. 7 | study on asthma and atopic diseases : I.Comparison of study
220 II, 5. 9. 7 | 2007): Allergic diseases. Results from the German
221 II, 5. 9. 7 | Allergy (1997): Allergic diseases as a public health problem
222 II, 5. 10.Acr | International Classification of Diseases~IgE~Immunoglobulin E~SCF~
223 II, 5. 10. 2 | International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding is used to
224 II, 5. 11 | 5.11. Dermatological diseases~ ~
225 II, 5. 11. 1 | 5.11.1. Introduction~ ~Diseases of the skin, the largest
226 II, 5. 11. 1 | melanoma skin cancer, most skin diseases are not life threatening.
227 II, 5. 11. 1 | produce a wide range of skin diseases. The skin also has a crucial
228 II, 5. 11. 1 | which usually cite around 50 diseases, dermatology has a complement
229 II, 5. 11. 1 | Most of the major systemic diseases (e.g. infectious, vascular
230 II, 5. 11. 1 | vascular and connective tissue diseases) have manifestations which
231 II, 5. 11. 2 | and distribution of skin diseases within Europe.~· the Psonet -
232 II, 5. 11. 3 | description and analysis~ ~Diseases of the skin are particularly
233 II, 5. 11. 3 | influences. The number of skin diseases has been estimated to be
234 II, 5. 11. 3 | higher than for that for diseases of any other organ of the
235 II, 5. 11. 3 | The prevalence of skin diseases tends to increase with age,
236 II, 5. 11. 3 | Williams et al, 2006).~ ~Skin diseases are a major source of morbidity.
237 II, 5. 11. 3 | 2003).~Relatively few skin diseases are directly and acutely
238 II, 5. 11. 3 | dermatitis, recalcitrant bullous diseases, chronic wounds such as
239 II, 5. 11. 3 | ichthyoses and hereditary bullous diseases. Some of the most aggressive
240 II, 5. 11. 3 | Chapter 4.3).~Some skin diseases may not seem to qualify
241 II, 5. 11. 3 | seem to qualify as severe diseases at first glance, but their
242 II, 5. 11. 3 | selected dermatological diseases are reported in Tables 5.
243 II, 5. 11. 3 | selected dermatological diseases~ ~DISEASE~STUDY POPULATION~
244 II, 5. 11. 3 | al. Epidemiology of skin diseases in Europe Eur J Dermatol
245 II, 5. 11. 3 | Lambeth~ ~Inflammatory skin diseases~ ~Atopic Dermatisis~Atopic
246 II, 5. 11. 3 | Surveys of specific skin diseases such as childhood eczema (
247 II, 5. 11. 3 | common occupationally-related diseases, accounting for substantial
248 II, 5. 11. 3 | evolve into more severe diseases, such as pustular or erythrodermic
249 II, 5. 11. 3 | their lives.~ ~Rare skin diseases~Historically, skin diseases
250 II, 5. 11. 3 | diseases~Historically, skin diseases have been mainly perceived
251 II, 5. 11. 3 | skin disorders. Metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hyperlipidemias,
252 II, 5. 11. 3 | pulmonary and~digestive tract diseases (e.g. dermatitis herpetiformis
253 II, 5. 11. 3 | disorders – collagen vascular diseases, systemic vasculitides –
254 II, 5. 11. 3 | organ specific autoimmune diseases (e.g. alopecia areata, vitiligo)
255 II, 5. 11. 3 | importance of rare skin diseases such as epidermolysis bullosa (
256 II, 5. 11. 3 | study of such rare skin diseases is an area which lends itself
257 II, 5. 11. 3 | underlying genetic skin diseases that may greatly profit
258 II, 5. 11. 4 | Some inflammatory skin diseases such as occupational hand
259 II, 5. 11. 4 | characteristic for most skin diseases. Nevertheless, there are
260 II, 5. 11. 4 | multisystem dermatological diseases are associated with reduced
261 II, 5. 11. 4 | expectancy: collagen vascular diseases, acquired blistering diseases
262 II, 5. 11. 4 | diseases, acquired blistering diseases and genetic diseases such
263 II, 5. 11. 4 | blistering diseases and genetic diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum,
264 II, 5. 11. 4 | and many others. Rare skin diseases such as blistering drug
265 II, 5. 11. 4 | among the top four chronic diseases when entire communities
266 II, 5. 11. 4 | impact of specific skin diseases and these have shown that
267 II, 5. 11. 4 | as high as for many other diseases, with much of that cost
268 II, 5. 11. 4 | and skin care in many skin diseases also need to be considered
269 II, 5. 11. 5 | dermatitis and many other diseases such as asthma, neurodevelopmental
270 II, 5. 11. 5 | water- and food-related diseases, and injuries. Based on
271 II, 5. 11. 5 | young women. Infectious skin diseases, such as outbreaks of fungal
272 II, 5. 11. 6 | very common ii) some skin diseases such as skin cancer are
273 II, 5. 11. 6 | It is evident that skin diseases can profoundly influence
274 II, 5. 11. 6 | indications that some skin diseases can be prevented to some
275 II, 5. 11. 6 | country. Even though skin diseases have the advantage of being
276 II, 5. 11. 6 | find out the causes of skin diseases which could, in turn, improve
277 II, 5. 11. 6 | incidence and cost of skin diseases is required in order to
278 II, 5. 11. 7 | 1980): Prevalence of skin diseases in old age. Acta Dermato
279 II, 5. 11. 7 | 2006): Epidemiology of skin diseases in Europe Eur J Dermatol
280 II, 5. 12. 2 | International Classification of Diseases (ICD) were used (WHO, 1967;
281 II, 5. 12. 5 | and other chronic liver diseases is based on the control
282 II, 5. 13 | medical costs to treat the diseases associated with it (direct
283 II, 5. 13 | groups; this originates diseases such as neural defects,
284 II, 5. 13 | The prevalence of these diseases is particularly significant
285 II, 5. 13 | women.~ ~The above-mentioned diseases are dealt with in Chapter
286 II, 5. 13 | close connection of these diseases with excessive food intake
287 II, 5. 14 | 5.14 Dental and oral diseases~ ~
288 II, 5. 14. 1 | the most prevalent chronic diseases of people worldwide; individuals
289 II, 5. 14. 1 | development.~ ~Periodontal diseases are usually seen as a multifactorial
290 II, 5. 14. 1 | consequence of periodontal diseases can be the loss of attachment.
291 II, 5. 14. 1 | manifestation of periodontal diseases is a major cause of tooth
292 II, 5. 14. 2 | and burden of periodontal diseases and its determinants and
293 II, 5. 14. 2 | Surveillance of periodontal diseases condition should encourage
294 II, 5. 14. 3 | high level of untreated diseases. Oral health is characterized
295 II, 5. 14. 3 | approaches.~ ~Periodontal diseases~ ~Gingival bleeding is highly
296 II, 5. 14. 3 | diabetes, some cardiovascular diseases and the risk of premature
297 II, 5. 14. 3 | with the burden of these diseases and disorders, falling disproportionately
298 II, 5. 14. 4 | excess leading to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes,
299 II, 5. 14. 4 | diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis and
300 II, 5. 14. 4 | cancer, osteoporosis and oral diseases. Oral health is an integral
301 II, 5. 14. 4 | synergistic relationship. Dental diseases related to diet include
302 II, 5. 14. 4 | prevent or control oral diseases~ ~Currently available evidence
303 II, 5. 14. 5 | if the most common oral diseases are preventable, a large
304 II, 5. 14. 5 | or prevalence of specific diseases to objectives expressed
305 II, 5. 14. 7 | be enhanced through oral diseases prevention and health promotion.
306 II, 5. 14. 8 | epidemiology and periodontal diseases. In: Bourgeois DM, Llodra
307 II, 5. 14. 8 | The global burden of oral diseases and risk to oral heath.
308 II, 5. 15. 2 | OMIM lists 5,760 genetic diseases which are rare. The definition
309 II, 5. 15. 2 | split in several genetic diseases.~ ~Orphanet is a database
310 II, 5. 15. 2 | not exclusively genetic diseases as for OMIM, but also infectious
311 II, 5. 15. 2 | intoxications, auto-immune diseases, and RD of unknown aetiology (
312 II, 5. 15. 2 | provided by disease. The diseases are listed by alphabetical
313 II, 5. 15. 3 | single disease or group of diseases. However, in order to evaluate
314 II, 5. 15. 3 | disabling and for 10% of studied diseases, the patients have no autonomy.
315 II, 5. 15. 3 | only 20% of the studied diseases do not affect life expectancy.
316 II, 5. 15. 3 | expectancy. For 39% of the diseases the life expectancy is rather
317 II, 5. 15. 3 | MIM catalogue lists 3,600 diseases for which the causal gene(
318 II, 5. 15. 3 | According to Orphanet 1,360 diseases can be diagnosed through
319 II, 5. 15. 3 | This means that for most diseases, the diagnosis can only
320 II, 5. 15. 3 | vast majority of genetic diseases are inherited through a
321 II, 5. 15. 3 | The fact that most genetic diseases mode of inheritance is recessive,
322 II, 5. 15. 4 | rare diseases, including genetic diseases, was adopted for the period
323 II, 5. 15. 4 | information about these diseases. Rare diseases are still
324 II, 5. 15. 4 | Paediatric Neurological diseases) have been selected for
325 II, 5. 15. 4 | the fight against major diseases, including rare diseases
326 II, 5. 15. 4 | mendelian phenotypes of common diseases.~ ~
327 II, 5. 15. 5 | care system.~ ~RD are model diseases for improving the level
328 II, 5. 15. 6 | Leufkens HGM (2004): Orphan Diseases in “Priority Medicines for
329 II, 6 | 6.~MAIN COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND RELATED TIME-TRENDS:
330 II, 6.Acr | VPD~Vaccine-Preventable Diseases~VTEC~Verocytotoxin-producing
331 II, 6. 1 | most important communicable diseases in 2005 in the 25 EU countries
332 II, 6. 1 | and Liechtenstein). The diseases are grouped under six major
333 II, 6. 1 | trends of the communicable diseases under EU-wide surveillance
334 II, 6. 1 | chapter is to identify those diseases or disease-specific areas
335 II, 6. 2 | surveillance of communicable diseases in the European Union must
336 II, 6. 2 | reported data, both between diseases and between Member States.~ ~
337 II, 6. 2. 0(2) | Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe. As the data comes
338 II, 6. 3. 1 | 3.1. Overview~ ~For some diseases there has been significant
339 II, 6. 3. 1 | groups). For some of these diseases further joint actions (e.g.
340 II, 6. 3. 1 | overview of trends for the 49 diseases under surveillance (Table
341 II, 6. 3. 1 | surveillance (Table 6.1). Of the 49 diseases, 21 have incidence levels
342 II, 6. 3. 1 | of the six communicable diseases with the highest incidence
343 II, 6. 3. 1 | also observed for the two diseases with the highest crude incidence
344 II, 6. 3. 1 | improved surveillance. In 22 diseases the age groups most affected
345 II, 6. 3. 1 | threats detected (2005) for diseases reported on EU-level.~ ~
346 II, 6. 3. 1 | notified. For a large number of diseases under EU-wide surveillance,
347 II, 6. 3. 1 | programme. For many of the diseases discussed in this report,
348 II, 6. 3. 1 | for treating communicable diseases are significant, as indicated
349 II, 6. 3. 1 | related to communicable diseases have been estimated at around
350 II, 6. 3. 1 | consequences of communicable diseases can be very severe and instantaneous,
351 II, 6. 3. 1 | impact of these communicable diseases on the:~· health of present
352 II, 6. 3. 2 | weapons against infectious diseases.~ ~Resistance has also evolved
353 II, 6. 3. 2 | comes to the global killer diseases TB, malaria, HIV and pneumococcal
354 II, 6. 3. 2 | morbidity from bacterial diseases. They are also absolutely
355 II, 6. 3. 3 | approaches since each of the diseases has a different pattern
356 II, 6. 3. 3 | the full picture of these diseases. Best practices for preventive
357 II, 6. 3. 3 | most important communicable diseases in Europe. In western and
358 II, 6. 3. 3 | infection into the list of diseases under surveillance at national
359 II, 6. 3. 5 | 3.5. Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD)~ ~Several of the serious
360 II, 6. 3. 5 | serious vaccine-preventable diseases are now almost eradicated
361 II, 6. 3. 5 | million or lower.~ ~All diseases covered by the MMR vaccine (
362 II, 6. 3. 5 | meningitis is one of the diseases for which surveillance figures
363 II, 6. 3. 5 | situation. Most of the childhood diseases that are now preventable
364 II, 6. 3. 5 | and outbreaks of certain diseases. Examples are diphtheria
365 II, 6. 3. 6 | surveillance of this group of diseases is restricted by variations
366 II, 6. 3. 6 | For several of these diseases surveillance has improved
367 II, 6. 3. 6 | gastroenteritis. Surveillance of these diseases remains important, not only
368 II, 6. 3. 6 | surveillance for all food-borne diseases (covering all the diseases,
369 II, 6. 3. 6 | diseases (covering all the diseases, but also enhancing the
370 II, 6. 3. 6 | sub-typing. The list of diseases currently under surveillance
371 II, 6. 3. 6 | established for all food-borne diseases.~ ~
372 II, 6. 3. 6 | coastal waters, transmitting diseases through infected seafood.
373 II, 6. 3. 6 | occurred in Europe. As for many diseases, large differences between
374 II, 6. 3. 6 | 6.3.6.4. Prion diseases~ ~Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob
375 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7. Other diseases of zoonotic and environmental
376 II, 6. 3. 7 | very heterogeneous group of diseases that fall into two broad
377 II, 6. 3. 7 | two broad categories:~· Diseases present in Europe (tularaemia,
378 II, 6. 3. 7 | infection). Some of these diseases have the potential to be
379 II, 6. 3. 7 | tularemia). At present, these diseases have a low number of cases,
380 II, 6. 3. 7 | countries. For each of these diseases there is a need to develop
381 II, 6. 3. 7 | standardise laboratory methods.~· Diseases imported into Europe (malaria,
382 II, 6. 3. 7 | and plague). For these diseases it is important to have
383 II, 6. 3. 7 | most important of the above diseases are tularaemia, puumala
384 II, 6. 3. 7 | EU.~ ~A number of exotic diseases, such as VHF, malaria and
385 II, 6. 3. 7 | remain valid. Few of these diseases actually pose any major
386 II, 6. 3. 7 | citizens. Some of these diseases are prone to outbreaks,
387 II, 6. 3. 7 | vector-borne and other infectious diseases, some of them imported from
388 II, 6. 3. 7 | This is a wide range of diseases with different modes of
389 II, 6. 3. 7 | Considering the type of diseases and their possible impact,
390 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7.2. Diseases present in Europe~ ~Tularemia~ ~
391 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7.3. Mainly imported diseases~ ~Malaria~ ~Malaria is caused
392 II, 6. 4. 1 | the list of communicable diseases (as listed on http://europa.
393 II, 6. 4. 1 | control of communicable diseases are greatly facilitated
394 II, 6. 4. 1 | control of communicable diseases was established by Decision
395 II, 6. 4. 1 | in 1999. The Communicable Diseases Network was set up to detect
396 II, 6. 4. 2 | related to communicable diseases, the Commission has put
397 II, 6. 4. 2 | to control communicable diseases and the European Centre
398 II, 6. 4. 2 | other major communicable diseases.~ ~The ECDC is in charge
399 II, 6. 4. 2 | for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network.~ ~
400 II, 6. 4. 4 | health posed by infectious diseases. In order to achieve this
401 II, 6. 4. 4 | and emerging infectious diseases.~ ~ ~The ECDC has a budget
402 II, 6. 4. 4 | work on several groups of diseases.~ ~The ECDC is the hub of
403 II, 6. 4. 4 | extended beyond communicable diseases to tackle other major cross
404 II, 6. 4. 5 | control of communicable diseases (Decision 2119/98/EC). Such
405 II, 6. 4. 5 | the spread of communicable diseases, on the occurrence of resistant
406 II, 6. 4. 5 | outbreaks of communicable diseases, to reduce the need for
407 II, 7.Acr | Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems~
408 II, 7. 1 | States after cardiovascular diseases, cancer and respiratory
409 II, 7. 1 | cancer and respiratory diseases. About 60 million people,
410 II, 7. 2 | International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (
411 II, 7. 2. 1 | Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems)
412 II, 7. 3. 2 | EU. Only cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diseases of
413 II, 7. 3. 2 | cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diseases of the respiratory system
414 II, 8. 1. 1 | aging or to sequelae of some diseases, road traffic, home and
415 II, 8. 1. 3 | suffering from progressive diseases and other problems.~ ~Slightly
416 II, 8. 2. 1 | International Classification of Diseases, Version 10, 1992) as a
417 II, 8. 2. 1 | International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Geneva,
418 II, 8. 2. 2 | of the treatment of eye diseases, including the relevant
419 II, 8. 2. 2 | statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of
420 II, 8. 2. 3 | congenital causes, infectious diseases, other diseases or injury (
421 II, 8. 2. 3 | infectious diseases, other diseases or injury (adult-onset hearing
422 II, 9 | pregnancies, fertility, infectious diseases and other reproductive health
423 II, 9 | Alcohol. Many chronic diseases which reduce functional
424 II, 9 | pollution and to the risk of diseases such as respiratory infections.
425 II, 9 | transmission of infectious diseases (WHO, 1999). ~ ~Nutrition.
426 II, 9. 1. 1 | in part, to infectious diseases and accidental deaths which
427 II, 9. 1. 2 | see Chapter 5). Metabolic diseases diagnosed through neonatal
428 II, 9. 1. 2 | anomalies and more common diseases for what concerns access
429 II, 9. 1. 2 | oriented towards genetic diseases and towards developing drug
430 II, 9. 1. 2 | drug treatments for genetic diseases. Full attention should in
431 II, 9. 1. 2 | Study", Congenital Heart Diseases, Vol 2, pp 165-169.~Garne
432 II, 9. 2. 1 | pressure and cardiovascular diseases.~ ~The consequences of the
433 II, 9. 2. 1 | of childhood infectious diseases through measures such as
434 II, 9. 2. 2 | adults, and by the major diseases of adulthood.~ ~The European
435 II, 9. 2. 3 | reduction in infectious diseases, particularly those categorised
436 II, 9. 2. 3 | priority, and outbreaks of diseases such as measles continue
437 II, 9. 2. 3 | At the same time, related diseases are manifesting themselves
438 II, 9. 2. 4 | pregnancies, fertility, infectious diseases and other reproductive health
439 II, 9. 2. 5 | are provided for specific diseases in Chapter 5 and for specific
440 II, 9. 2. 7 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases. Brussels~ ~European Commission (
441 II, 9. 2. 7 | Fetal growth and adult diseases. Semin Perinatol. 28:81-
442 II, 9. 3. 1 | death being cardiovascular diseases, cancer, accidents, violence,
443 II, 9. 3. 1 | increased susceptibility to diseases and death. Neither can these
444 II, 9. 3. 1 | Even some male specific diseases are still seen to be lacking
445 II, 9. 3. 1 | World Bank’s “Burden of Diseases Study”.~ ~Determining the
446 II, 9. 3. 1 | the prevalence of certain diseases and conditions is difficult.
447 II, 9. 3. 1 | mainly to cardiovascular diseases, cancer and injury and poisoning (
448 II, 9. 3. 1 | The World Bank’s Burden of Diseases Study, judged depression
449 II, 9. 3. 1 | Chapter 5.3.~ ~Circulatory diseases~ ~Cardiovascular diseases
450 II, 9. 3. 1 | diseases~ ~Cardiovascular diseases are the main group of causes
451 II, 9. 3. 1 | a year in the EU. These diseases tend to develop at a later
452 II, 9. 3. 1 | protected against heart diseases before menopause by oestrogen.
453 II, 9. 3. 1 | oestrogen. The main circulatory diseases are ischemic heart disease,
454 II, 9. 3. 1 | deaths from circulatory diseases.~ ~Prevalence, incidence,
455 II, 9. 3. 1 | morbidity data of cardiovascular diseases are described in Chapter
456 II, 9. 3. 1 | Analysis of cardiovascular diseases highlighted the main reported
457 II, 9. 3. 1 | The main circulatory diseases are ischemic heart disease (
458 II, 9. 3. 1 | deaths from circulatory diseases) and stroke (one third of
459 II, 9. 3. 1 | determinant of other circulatory diseases such as circulatory diseases
460 II, 9. 3. 1 | diseases such as circulatory diseases and renal failure.~ ~Ischemic
461 II, 9. 3. 1 | determinant of circulatory diseases and renal failure. In 2005,
462 II, 9. 3. 1 | a higher coronary heart diseases (CHD) mortality than men
463 II, 9. 3. 1 | obesity.~ ~Communicable diseases~ ~Hepatitis C. In Western
464 II, 9. 3. 1 | progressive nature of the diseases and (b) those women with
465 II, 9. 3. 1 | ART. Present and previous diseases and drugs taken should then
466 II, 9. 3. 1 | are provided for specific diseases in Chapter 5 and for specific
467 II, 9. 3. 2 | obstetric complications and diseases. Maternal morbidity is not,
468 II, 9. 3. 2 | common prevalence of chronic diseases and maternal conditions,
469 II, 9. 3. 3 | transmission of infectious diseases. Analysis of sexual behaviour
470 II, 9. 4. 2 | ischemic or cerebrovascular diseases. Data is dated (often more
471 II, 9. 4. 2 | size and pattern of chronic diseases and the socioeconomic differences
472 II, 9. 4. 2 | for some specific fatal diseases (e.g. stroke) and non-fatal
473 II, 9. 4. 2 | e.g. stroke) and non-fatal diseases (e.g. arthritis) require
474 II, 9. 4. 3 | are malignant neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory
475 II, 9. 4. 3 | other external causes, diseases of the circulatory system
476 II, 9. 4. 3 | the circulatory system and diseases of the respiratory system (
477 II, 9. 4. 3 | Leagues, 2005).~ ~Chronic diseases and disablement are predominant
478 II, 9. 4. 3 | suffer from the chronic diseases commonly associated with
479 II, 9. 4. 3 | but as women age, these diseases become the major causes
480 II, 9. 4. 3 | Centre, 2006).~ ~Circulatory diseases~ ~This category includes
481 II, 9. 4. 3 | includes ischemic heart diseases and other heart diseases
482 II, 9. 4. 3 | diseases and other heart diseases as well as stroke and other
483 II, 9. 4. 3 | and other cerebro-vascular diseases. Circulatory diseases are
484 II, 9. 4. 3 | cerebro-vascular diseases. Circulatory diseases are responsible of about
485 II, 9. 4. 3 | causes of death are the diseases of pulmonary circulation
486 II, 9. 4. 3 | al, 2001).~ ~Communicable diseases~ ~Preventive health services
487 II, 9. 4. 3 | individuals, who have chronic diseases affecting respiratory functions
488 II, 9. 4. 3 | other sexually transmitted diseases. Many infections were newly
489 II, 9. 4. 3 | preventable non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular
490 II, 9. 4. 3 | including cardiovascular diseases and cancers, can be a major
491 II, 9. 4. 4 | Alcohol. Many chronic diseases which reduce functional
492 II, 9. 4. 4 | pollution and to the risk of diseases such as respiratory infections.
493 II, 9. 4. 4 | transmission of infectious diseases (WHO, 1999). ~ ~Nutrition.
494 II, 9. 4. 5 | are provided for specific diseases in Chapter 5 and for specific
495 II, 9. 4. 5 | risk of almost all chronic diseases than those in more privileged
496 II, 9. 4. 5 | control non-communicable diseases in the WHO European region;~·
497 II, 9. 4. 7 | mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors
498 II, 9. 5. 1 | bodies are affected by major diseases (Denton, 2004; Iredale,
499 II, 9. 5. 1 | treatment of cardiovascular diseases vary between the genders.
500 II, 9. 5. 3 | the risk of contracting diseases such as cancers. Restricted
