Part, Chapter, Paragraph
501 II, 9. 5. 3 | arms or legs (17%), skin diseases, infectious diseases, asthma
502 II, 9. 5. 3 | skin diseases, infectious diseases, asthma and allergies (European
503 II, 9. 5. 4 | prevention of communicable diseases, health determinants (alcohol,
504 II, 9. 5. 4 | programmes for high prevalence diseases among men such as lung cancer (
505 II, 9. 5. 4 | information messages. Examples of diseases relevant to gender research
506 II, 9. 5. 4 | research are cardiovascular diseases - e.g. acute coronary syndrome -
507 II, 9. 5. 6 | Mental Health~ ~Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (
508 III, 10. 1 | environmental pollutants and diseases being considered, but are
509 III, 10. 1 | public health and potential diseases with the ambition to assess
510 III, 10. 1 | factors. Of the 102 major diseases, disease groupings and injuries
511 III, 10. 1 | associations vary for different diseases/exposures – from a very
512 III, 10. 1 | environmental exposures~Infectious diseases~water, air and food contamination~
513 III, 10. 1 | dioxins~ ~Cardiovascular diseases~air pollution (carbon monoxide,
514 III, 10. 1 | cholesterol~stress~ ~Respiratory diseases, including asthma~smoking
515 III, 10. 1 | and excreta~damp~ ~Skin diseases~UV radiation~Some metals
516 III, 10. 1. 1 | disease and other chronic diseases (Burke et al, 1995; Green
517 III, 10. 1. 1 | cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. In this regard, effectiveness
518 III, 10. 2. 1 | Product~NCDs~Non-communicable diseases~NRT~Nicotine replacement
519 III, 10. 2. 1 | causing a wide range of diseases, 24 of which are fatal.
520 III, 10. 2. 1 | Cancers (43%), cardiovascular diseases (28%) and respiratory diseases (
521 III, 10. 2. 1 | diseases (28%) and respiratory diseases (18%) together account for
522 III, 10. 2. 1 | only two smoking related diseases (COPD and CVD) for the EU
523 III, 10. 2. 1 | world (WHO, 2008). All the diseases caused by direct smoke and
524 III, 10. 2. 1 | death.~ ~Table 10.2.1.1.1. Diseases caused by smoking and by
525 III, 10. 2. 1 | CDC (2004); CDC (2006)~ ~Diseases caused by smoking~Diseases
526 III, 10. 2. 1 | Diseases caused by smoking~Diseases caused by second-hand smoke~
527 III, 10. 2. 1 | second-hand smoke~Cancers~Chronic diseases~Childen~Adults~Larinx~Stroke~
528 III, 10. 2. 1 | delivery*~Bladder~ ~ ~ ~For the diseases caused by second-hand smoke:
529 III, 10. 2. 1 | suggestive~ ~ ~Table 10.2.1.1.2. Diseases and adverse health effects
530 III, 10. 2. 1 | Cancers~Respiratory diseases and adverse health effects~
531 III, 10. 2. 1 | health effects~Cardiovascular diseases and adverse health effects~
532 III, 10. 2. 1 | Maternal and Child Health~Other diseases and adverse health effects~-
533 III, 10. 2. 1 | increased risk of respiratory diseases in children and young people
534 III, 10. 2. 1 | from smoking attributable diseases in all EU countries (Figure
535 III, 10. 2. 1 | for the main categories of diseases for the year 2000.~ ~Table
536 III, 10. 2. 1 | from smoking attributable diseases in all EU countries. Female
537 III, 10. 2. 1 | causing a wide range of diseases and a massive burden of
538 III, 10. 2. 1 | mortality from cardiovascular diseases. It has a synergistic effect
539 III, 10. 2. 1 | in 2000, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for about
540 III, 10. 2. 1 | services) for smoking related diseases among smokers and second-hand
541 III, 10. 2. 1 | categories of smoking related diseases: COPD and CVD, in Europe
542 III, 10. 2. 1 | fact that only two major diseases have been included, and
543 III, 10. 2. 1 | different disorders and diseases with short and long-term
544 III, 10. 2. 1 | several other alcohol-related diseases such as ischemic heart disease
545 III, 10. 2. 1 | the EU15), ischemic heart diseases (northern Europe) and cancer (
546 III, 10. 2. 1 | Investigation into Cancer, Chronic Diseases, Nutrition and Lifestyle~http ~ ~
547 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical health (infectious diseases, cirrhosis, cancer) problems
548 III, 10. 2. 1 | drug related infectious diseases; (iv) drug-related deaths
549 III, 10. 2. 1 | HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases among drug users. While
550 III, 10. 2. 1 | the spread of blood borne diseases (mainly HIV/Aids and hepatitis
551 III, 10. 2. 1 | response to prevent infectious diseases in most EU countries. While
552 III, 10. 2. 1 | major risk factors for oral diseases are the same as for major
553 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity, heart disease,
554 III, 10. 2. 1 | reducing the burden of these diseases. This common-risk approach
555 III, 10. 2. 1 | concerns the early diagnosis of diseases.~ ~Oral health, particularly
556 III, 10. 2. 1 | care in childhood. Oral diseases, mainly caries and gengivities,
557 III, 10. 2. 1 | gengivities, are the most costly diseases. Promotion of oral health
558 III, 10. 2. 1 | in preventing most oral diseases. However, optimal intervention
559 III, 10. 2. 1 | primary prevention of oral diseases, poses a considerable challenge
560 III, 10. 2. 1 | and control of periodontal diseases. Gingivitis can be prevented
561 III, 10. 2. 1 | non-communicable and communicable diseases, and into maternal and child
562 III, 10. 2. 1 | major risk factors for oral diseases are the same as for major
563 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity, heart disease,
564 III, 10. 2. 1 | reducing the burden of these diseases. This common-risk approach
565 III, 10. 2. 1 | concerns the early diagnosis of diseases. The common-risk approach
566 III, 10. 2. 1 | simply tackling specific diseases to objectives expressed
567 III, 10. 2. 1 | high risk of specific oral diseases and involves improving access
568 III, 10. 2. 1 | dental and craniofacial diseases can be achieved. Lifestyle
569 III, 10. 2. 1 | Although common dental diseases are preventable, not all
570 III, 10. 2. 1 | epidemiology and periodontal diseases. In: Bourgeois DM, Llodra
571 III, 10. 2. 1 | The global burden of oral diseases and risk to oral heath.
572 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic non-communicable diseases causing about 3.5% of the
573 III, 10. 2. 1 | obesity-related chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes
574 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases (European Commission, 2005b,
575 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases. Brussels, Commission of
576 III, 10. 2. 1 | Control of Non-communicable Diseases, Copenhagen, WHO Regional
577 III, 10. 2. 1 | There are a number of diseases induced by an excessive
578 III, 10. 2. 1 | them (i.e. cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes) have
579 III, 10. 2. 1 | medical costs to treat the diseases associated with it (direct
580 III, 10. 2. 1 | respectively. Prevalence of these diseases is particularly significant
581 III, 10. 2. 1 | Overweight and obesity and other diseases related to nutritional unbalances~ ~
582 III, 10. 2. 1 | comparisons. As for other diseases related to nutritional unbalances,
583 III, 10. 2. 1 | Region (James et al, 2004).~ ~Diseases associated to nutritional
584 III, 10. 2. 1 | risk for cardiovascular diseases.~Surveys have shown that
585 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Europe that are a leading
586 III, 10. 2. 1 | associated to a number of diseases and disturbances such as
587 III, 10. 2. 1 | infertility and cardiovascular diseases (Brown & Arthur, 2001; Chen &
588 III, 10. 2. 1 | in the absence of severe diseases, age-related physiological
589 III, 10. 2. 1 | the Prevention of Chronic Diseases” (2003).~· WHO Global Strategy
590 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases (European Commission, 2005b;
591 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet-related non-communicable diseases, obesity in children and
592 III, 10. 2. 1 | deficiencies and food-borne diseases.~· European Parliament resolution
593 III, 10. 2. 1 | obesity and diet-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease,
594 III, 10. 2. 1 | treatment of nutrition-related diseases).~· Monitoring, evaluation
595 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases. Brussels, Commission of
596 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases”. National Institute for
597 III, 10. 2. 1 | the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO
598 III, 10. 2. 1 | cardiovascular and related diseases. Croatian Medical Journal
599 III, 10. 2. 1 | selenoproteins in the brain and brain diseases. J Neurochem. 86: 1-12.~ ~
600 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight, obesity and chronic diseases. Green paper, Brussels,
601 III, 10. 2. 4 | Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related~ ~Health Problems~
602 III, 10. 2. 4 | underlying biological factors of diseases such as genomic variants.
603 III, 10. 2. 4 | measure the prevalence of diseases if the surveillance is purely
604 III, 10. 2. 4 | understanding of health and diseases as well as new concepts
605 III, 10. 2. 4 | prevalence and incidence of diseases but they are not designed
606 III, 10. 2. 4 | systems biology and complex diseases is discussed mainly in the
607 III, 10. 2. 4 | often named multifactorial diseases. Still, the statistical
608 III, 10. 2. 4 | occurrence and prevalence of such diseases. The Wellcome Trust Case
609 III, 10. 2. 4 | controls for seven major common diseases (Wellcome Trust 2007).~ ~
610 III, 10. 2. 4 | on Rare Diseases). These diseases are monogenic and have a
611 III, 10. 2. 4 | For the multifactorial diseases which constitute the main
612 III, 10. 2. 4 | haplotype variants, to common diseases. The new technologies will
613 III, 10. 2. 4 | relation to the causation of diseases like cardiovascular diseases ,
614 III, 10. 2. 4 | diseases like cardiovascular diseases , allergies, cancer, psychiatric
615 III, 10. 2. 4 | disorders or infectious diseases. There are already many
616 III, 10. 2. 4 | the risk of cardiovascular diseases and dementia or as the interaction
617 III, 10. 2. 4 | myeloma, coronary heart diseases, pre-menopausal breast cancer,
618 III, 10. 2. 4 | regarding the understanding of diseases, due to novel genome-based
619 III, 10. 2. 4 | and sex standardisation of diseases);~· the differentiation
620 III, 10. 2. 4 | susceptibility genes in complex diseases being associated to more
621 III, 10. 2. 4 | decreases the risk for certain diseases;~· the shift from carrier
622 III, 10. 2. 4 | triggering role of infectious diseases such as human papilloma
623 III, 10. 2. 4 | the development of complex diseases and health problems;~· correlation
624 III, 10. 2. 4 | severity and prolongation of diseases as well as with response
625 III, 10. 2. 4 | monogenetic as well as to complex diseases) on the one hand and tests
626 III, 10. 2. 4 | the one hand and tests for diseases with high penetrance (referring
627 III, 10. 2. 4 | referring to monogenetic diseases as well to complex diseases
628 III, 10. 2. 4 | diseases as well to complex diseases following a mendelian trait)
629 III, 10. 2. 4 | penetrance (most complex diseases) on the other hand; and~·
630 III, 10. 2. 4 | the field of infectious diseases the situation is slightly
631 III, 10. 2. 4 | impossible not only to group diseases according to ICD10, but
632 III, 10. 2. 4 | communicable and non-communicable diseases and also between rare and
633 III, 10. 2. 4 | between rare and common diseases may no longer be valid:
634 III, 10. 2. 4 | valid: non-communicable diseases are triggered by communicable
635 III, 10. 2. 4 | triggered by communicable diseases (e.g. obesity by adenoviruses)
636 III, 10. 2. 4 | 000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls.
637 III, 10. 2. 5 | malnutrition with risk for physical diseases later in life. Empirical
638 III, 10. 2. 5 | For a detailed analysis of diseases prevalent in different age
639 III, 10. 3. 1 | documented associations with some diseases, annoyance and other impacts.
640 III, 10. 3. 1 | For neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours, the link
641 III, 10. 3. 1 | Mcelroy et al, 2007). For diseases other than cancer, very
642 III, 10. 3. 1 | depression. Many of these diseases increase with age and therefore
643 III, 10. 3. 1 | having more time to develop diseases with long latency. During
644 III, 10. 3. 2 | contaminated food and infectious diseases, the WHO recently concluded
645 III, 10. 3. 2 | four priority groups of diseases: childhood cancer, childhood
646 III, 10. 3. 2 | potential pollution-induced diseases is much longer and also
647 III, 10. 3. 2 | longer and also includes diseases of adults. The European
648 III, 10. 3. 2 | four priority groups of diseases or physiological disturbances.
649 III, 10. 3. 2 | between chemicals and human diseases/disorders. The associations
650 III, 10. 3. 2 | environmental exposures~Infectious diseases~water, air and food contamination~
651 III, 10. 3. 2 | dioxins~ ~Cardiovascular diseases~air pollution (carbon monoxide,
652 III, 10. 3. 2 | cholesterol~stress~ ~Respiratory diseases, including asthma~smoking
653 III, 10. 3. 2 | and excreta~damp~ ~Skin diseases~UV radiation~Some metals
654 III, 10. 3. 3 | ECDC~European Centre for Diseases Control~MRSA~Methicillin-Resistant
655 III, 10. 3. 3 | variety of communicable diseases. Of the 49 diseases under
656 III, 10. 3. 3 | communicable diseases. Of the 49 diseases under surveillance by the
657 III, 10. 3. 3 | the European Centre for Diseases Control (ECDC), 21 have
658 III, 10. 3. 3 | of the six communicable diseases with the highest incidence
659 III, 10. 3. 3 | group, and include the two diseases with the highest crude incidence
660 III, 10. 3. 3 | represents a great concern. In 22 diseases, the age groups most affected
661 III, 10. 3. 3 | comes to the global killer diseases TB, malaria, HIV and pneumococcal
662 III, 10. 3. 3 | infections do occur. Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are
663 III, 10. 3. 3 | humans, the gravity of these diseases can vary from mild symptoms
664 III, 10. 3. 3 | biological hazards~ ~For some diseases there has been a significant
665 III, 10. 3. 3 | threats detected (2005) for diseases reported on EU-level~ ~
666 III, 10. 3. 4 | infectious, respiratory and skin diseases, and mental health problems~
667 III, 10. 3. 4 | and water- and foodborne diseases~Increased incidence of extreme
668 III, 10. 3. 4 | several climate-related diseases, providing advice on how
669 III, 10. 3. 4 | Children, people with chronic diseases and those confined to bed,
670 III, 10. 3. 4 | cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. People with chronic debilitating
671 III, 10. 3. 4 | with chronic debilitating diseases are more at risk. These
672 III, 10. 3. 4 | These include cardiovascular diseases, respiratory insufficiency,
673 III, 10. 3. 4 | vector-borne and rodent-borne diseases), acute or chronic effects
674 III, 10. 3. 4 | related and water-borne diseases and illness, vector-borne
675 III, 10. 3. 4 | and illness, vector-borne diseases, rodent-borne disease to
676 III, 10. 3. 4 | waterborne and vector-borne diseases, rodent-borne diseases such
677 III, 10. 3. 4 | vector-borne diseases, rodent-borne diseases such as leptospirosis, snake
678 III, 10. 3. 4 | deficiencies), respiratory diseases and waterborne diseases
679 III, 10. 3. 4 | diseases and waterborne diseases in developing countries.
680 III, 10. 3. 4 | pneumonia, upper respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive
681 III, 10. 3. 4 | chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases . Pollutants from forest
682 III, 10. 4. 1 | burden of environment-related diseases. Air pollution, mainly by
683 III, 10. 4. 1 | Much of the burden of diseases resulting from air pollutants
684 III, 10. 4. 1 | later development of many diseases that present themselves
685 III, 10. 4. 1 | environmentally-related diseases in Europe. Recent estimates
686 III, 10. 4. 1 | respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.~ ~The loss of statistical
687 III, 10. 4. 1 | sensitized to allergens, allergic diseases may increase in Europe in
688 III, 10. 4. 2 | of actions against animal diseases that can be transmitted
689 III, 10. 4. 2 | eradication programmes for animal diseases and zoonoses under Council
690 III, 10. 4. 2 | diagnosis of the following diseases in animals: classical swine
691 III, 10. 4. 2 | vesicular disease, fish diseases, bivalve mollusc diseases,
692 III, 10. 4. 2 | diseases, bivalve mollusc diseases, rabies (vaccination monitoring),
693 III, 10. 4. 2 | the many infectious animal diseases.~ ~The ADNS is a notification
694 III, 10. 4. 2 | outbreaks of these animal diseases in the countries that are
695 III, 10. 4. 2 | outbreaks of contagious animal diseases and enables Member States
696 III, 10. 4. 2 | spread of the above mentioned diseases.~ ~The same Directive lays
697 III, 10. 4. 2 | these contagious animal diseases.~ ~On the internet page
698 III, 10. 4. 2 | the OIE the main animal diseases, including zoonoses. The
699 III, 10. 4. 2 | Member Countries on animal diseases and zoonoses prior to 2005
700 III, 10. 4. 2 | of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs) is a joint FAO/
701 III, 10. 4. 2 | against transboundary animal diseases (TADs), provide for capacity
702 III, 10. 4. 2 | Systems for major animal diseases.~ ~ ~An important information
703 III, 10. 4. 2(33)| control of communicable diseases in the Community (OJ L 268,
704 III, 10. 4. 2 | humans, the severity of these diseases can vary from mild symptoms
705 III, 10. 4. 2 | Table 10.4.2.2. Zoonotic diseases and food-born outbreaks
706 III, 10. 4. 2 | other food-borne zoonotic diseases to reduce public health
707 III, 10. 4. 2 | food safety because some diseases, the so-called zoonoses
708 III, 10. 4. 2 | certain zoonotic animal diseases, which can be transferred
709 III, 10. 4. 2 | animal waste.~ ~Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are
710 III, 10. 4. 2 | humans, the severity of these diseases can vary from mild symptoms
711 III, 10. 4. 2 | In order to prevent these diseases from occurring, it is important
712 III, 10. 4. 2 | data covered 16 zoonotic diseases. Assisted by its Zoonoses
713 III, 10. 4. 2 | also important zoonotic diseases, with considerable incidences
714 III, 10. 4. 2 | relevant due to severity of the diseases. Trichinella was rarely
715 III, 10. 4. 2 | being officially free of the diseases or reporting no positive
716 III, 10. 4. 2 | towards eradication of the diseases is slow in some of the non
717 III, 10. 4. 2 | prevent or treat food animal diseases, through the use of food
718 III, 10. 4. 3 | drinking-water.~ ~Water-borne diseases arise from the contamination
719 III, 10. 4. 3 | mortality and diarrhoeal diseases are the main health effects
720 III, 10. 4. 3 | of age due to diarrheal diseases in EUGLOREH Countries. Data
721 III, 10. 4. 3 | mortality rates from diarrhoeal diseases are higher in low income
722 III, 10. 4. 3 | rate (SMR) for diarrhoeal diseases in children under 5 years
723 III, 10. 4. 3 | to induce cardiovascular diseases and probably also neuro-developmental
724 III, 10. 4. 3 | and reducing water-related diseases. The Protocol is the first
725 III, 10. 4. 3 | drinking water. Priority diseases selected for target setting
726 III, 10. 4. 3 | typhoid fever, followed by diseases induced by Campylobacter,
727 III, 10. 4. 3 | reporting of waterborne diseases. Many countries, however,
728 III, 10. 4. 5 | with swimming and other diseases if ingested.~ ~Use of recreational
729 III, 10. 4. 5 | unpleasant odours. Several human diseases have been reported to be
730 III, 10. 5. 1 | hygiene and infectious diseases is probably very important,
731 III, 10. 5. 1 | mostly related to infectious diseases) and the psychological effects
732 III, 10. 5. 1 | of suspected waterborne diseases to the National Public Health
733 III, 10. 5. 1 | including some communicable diseases. Homeless people tend to
734 III, 10. 5. 1 | community for communicable diseases. The estimated population
735 III, 10. 5. 2 | greater prevalence of chronic diseases which is posing a challenge
736 III, 10. 5. 2 | pregnancies, infections, chronic diseases, acute somatic symptoms
737 III, 10. 5. 2 | more often with chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke
738 III, 10. 5. 2 | health outcomes from other diseases such as asthma (Jones and
739 III, 10. 5. 2 | for some animal-triggered diseases, such as tick-borne diseases,
740 III, 10. 5. 2 | diseases, such as tick-borne diseases, there is now an increasing
741 III, 10. 5. 2 | only possible for specific diseases or disease groups, such
742 III, 10. 5. 2 | to an under-reporting of diseases in rural settings). However,
743 III, 10. 5. 3 | accidents and occupational diseases which are only a small portion
744 III, 10. 5. 3 | portion of the work-related diseases. The main strength of work-related
745 III, 10. 5. 3 | information on the burden of diseases on work is provided followed
746 III, 10. 5. 3 | European data sources on diseases as a rule do not include
747 III, 10. 5. 3 | includes data on occupational diseases following standards developed
748 III, 10. 5. 3 | Statistics on Occupational Diseases. The project was aimed at
749 III, 10. 5. 3 | indicators on occupational diseases in Europe by collecting
750 III, 10. 5. 3 | Schedule of Occupational Diseases were collected in 1998.
751 III, 10. 5. 3 | Schedule on Occupational Diseases. The statistics are based
752 III, 10. 5. 3 | case-by-case data for occupational diseases recognised by the national
753 III, 10. 5. 3 | Force Survey covered all diseases, disabilities and other
754 III, 10. 5. 3 | and analysis~The burden of diseases to the world of work~ ~This
755 III, 10. 5. 3 | chapter presents the impact of diseases on work. This relationship
756 III, 10. 5. 3 | on the impact of work on diseases. However, private companies
757 III, 10. 5. 3 | services are affected by diseases and accidents through absenteeism
758 III, 10. 5. 3 | absence from work due to diseases and by reduced productivity
759 III, 10. 5. 3 | been calculated for all diseases but are available for cardiovascular
760 III, 10. 5. 3 | available for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as for mental
761 III, 10. 5. 3 | mental disorders - both diseases being of high public health
762 III, 10. 5. 3 | conditions on the development of diseases and is centred around the
763 III, 10. 5. 3 | definitions for occupational diseases, the term “work-related
764 III, 10. 5. 3 | the term “work-related diseases” has several different meanings.
765 III, 10. 5. 3 | including occupational diseases. There are several ways
766 III, 10. 5. 3 | figures on occupational diseases and work accidents. This
767 III, 10. 5. 3 | employees.~ ~Occupational diseases~ ~Only a limited number
768 III, 10. 5. 3 | Only a limited number of diseases are recognized as being
769 III, 10. 5. 3 | recognised non fatal occupational diseases occurred in Europe additionally
770 III, 10. 5. 3 | most common occupational diseases were hand or wrist tenosynovitis,
771 III, 10. 5. 3 | affected by occupational diseases (table 10.5.3.4). A top
772 III, 10. 5. 3 | incident rate of occupational diseases.~ ~Table 10.5.3.3. Number
773 III, 10. 5. 3 | of non fatal occupational diseases by ICD10.~ ~Table 10.5.3.
774 III, 10. 5. 3 | of non fatal occupational diseases per economic sector~ ~According
775 III, 10. 5. 3 | recognised occupational diseases. An updated comparison of
776 III, 10. 5. 3 | the risk of cardiovascular diseases.~ ~Consequences of these
777 III, 10. 5. 3 | reduce risk factors and diseases and show a positive return-on-investment.
778 III, 10. 5. 3 | Promoting health, preventing diseases and returning to work~ ~
779 III, 10. 5. 3 | accidents and occupational diseases beyond the workplace has
780 III, 10. 5. 3 | still too many accidents and diseases caused by work and there
781 III, 10. 5. 3 | accidents and occupational diseases by identifying and preventing
782 III, 10. 5. 3 | reduction of risk factors and diseases and have a positive return-on-investment.~
783 III, 10. 5. 3 | insurance institutions.~Diseases often have multiple causes.
784 III, 10. 5. 3 | 5. Future developments~ ~Diseases most often have multiple
785 III, 10. 5. 3 | report on cardiovascular diseases and mental ill health. Essen.
786 III, 10. 5. 3 | funding of occupational diseases in Europe. Paris. www r.
787 III, 10. 5. 3 | burden of cardiovascular diseases in the enlarged European
788 III, 10. 5. 3 | statistics of occupational diseases~ESAW~European statistics
789 III, 10. 6. 2 | in the EU, cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of inequalities,
790 III, 10. 6. 2 | declines for cardiovascular diseases. In many Western European
791 III, 10. 6. 2 | prevalence of most specific diseases (including mental illness)
792 III, 10. 6. 2 | indicating that most chronic diseases have a higher prevalence
793 III, 10. 6. 2 | 2.1. Odds Ratio Chronic diseases in eight European countries~
794 III, 10. 6. 2 | and incidence of certain diseases; and ensuring more effective
795 III, 10. 6. 2 | protection against communicable diseases~8. Safe sexuality and good
796 III, 10. 6. 2 | prevalence of common chronic diseases: an overview of eight European
797 IV | PUBLIC HEALTH AND TREATING DISEASES: HEALTH SYSTEMS, SERVICES
798 IV, 11. 1. 5 | should be used for specific diseases and conditions based on
799 IV, 11. 1. 5 | performance on specific diseases and interventions. In the
800 IV, 11. 2 | the management of chronic diseases. There is growing attention
801 IV, 11. 2. 1 | and complexity of chronic diseases. DMPs emphasise prevention
802 IV, 11. 2. 1 | programmes extend beyond single diseases to more integrated approaches,
803 IV, 11. 2. 2 | rare diseases and pollution-related diseases. The latest of the EU’s
804 IV, 11. 3. 2 | development into priority diseases.~ ~Figure 11.5. Current
805 IV, 11. 3. 2 | development into WHO priority diseases in the developed world (
806 IV, 11. 4 | technologies for specific diseases, such as Diabetes type-2
807 IV, 11. 5. 1 | infectious or neoplastic diseases, establishing a consensus
808 IV, 11. 5. 3 | donor samples and prion diseases, where a considerable proportion
809 IV, 11. 6. 2 | UK~ ~Certain infectious diseases:~- Austria~ ~Certain chronic
810 IV, 11. 6. 2 | chronic conditions and serious diseases:~- Belgium~- Finland~- Greece~-
811 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Czech Republic~ ~Related to specific diseases (e.g. diabetes, epilepsy,
812 IV, 11. 6. 2 | leprosy, syphilis, cancerous diseases):~- Estonia~ ~Considered
813 IV, 11. 6. 4 | latest treatment methods for diseases and injuries should be promoted
814 IV, 11. 6. 4 | for most of the selected diseases, whereas clinical records
815 IV, 11. 6. 4 | available only for some diseases. Automatic linkage between
816 IV, 11. 6. 4 | possible only for very few diseases and in few countries, given
817 IV, 12. 1 | health-related of the population, on diseases and health systems based
818 IV, 12. 1 | indicators.~Communicable diseases~The objectives of the programme
819 IV, 12. 1 | morbidity due to communicable diseases.~Cancer~The Community action
820 IV, 12. 1 | information about these diseases.~Injury prevention~The aim
821 IV, 12. 1 | injuries~Pollution-related diseases~The aim was to contribute
822 IV, 12. 1 | prevention of pollution-related diseases, including the improvement
823 IV, 12. 1 | preventing human illness and diseases, and obviating sources of
824 IV, 12. 1 | prevalence of different diseases, medical culture, demography
825 IV, 12. 2 | control tools for selected diseases~Cardiovascular diseases (
826 IV, 12. 2 | diseases~Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)~ ~Blood lipid and
827 IV, 12. 2 | other major non-communicable diseases.~ ~In 2006, a large conference
828 IV, 12. 2 | Investigation into Cancer, Chronic Diseases, Nutrition and Lifestyle~http
829 IV, 12. 4 | waiting time and nosocomial diseases); and~· patient safety.~ ~ ~
830 IV, 12. 4 | health posed by infectious diseases.~ ~ECHA~ ~European Chemicals
831 IV, 12. 5 | communicable and non-communicable diseases and health threats from
832 IV, 12. 5 | of life and reduce major diseases and injuries by tackling
833 IV, 12. 5 | of the population, and on diseases and health systems, based
834 IV, 12. 5 | surveillance of infectious diseases which has been one of the
835 IV, 12. 5 | Sentinel Networks (e. g. diseases not under mandatory surveillance)~-
836 IV, 12. 5 | g. Notifiable Infectious diseases)~- Administrative data (
837 IV, 12. 5 | protect health and prevent diseases. One of the main aims of
838 IV, 12. 8 | exception of communicable diseases and development aid, the
839 IV, 12. 8 | control of communicable diseases in the Community Their experts
840 IV, 12. 9 | activities related to poverty diseases;~international Conference
841 IV, 12. 10 | V (prevention of dental diseases): nutritional advice is
842 IV, 12. 10 | SGB V prevention of dental diseases: prophylaxis for groups
843 IV, 12. 10 | SGB V prevention of dental diseases: prophylaxis for individuals;
844 IV, 12. 10 | programme to combat work-related diseases (Modellprogramm zur Bekämpfung
845 IV, 12. 10 | rehabilitation of concrete diseases, prevention or improvement
846 IV, 12. 10 | engineering and epizootic diseases. Gene therapy as well is
847 IV, 12. 10 | and management of chronic diseases including diabetes, htt l~
848 IV, 12. 10 | immunisation against infectious diseases, food/water/air safety,
849 IV, 12. 10 | for HIV and transmission diseases~ ~The Hellenic Centre for
850 IV, 12. 10 | The Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention (
851 IV, 12. 10 | other sexually transmitted diseases (i.e. Hepatitis B & C, HPV,
852 IV, 12. 10 | the sexually transmitted diseases. ~The department of HCDCP
853 IV, 12. 10 | Reporting Centers for some diseases (e.g AIDS, Influenza, Hepatitis
854 IV, 12. 10 | obesity and the metabolic diseases in Greece" as well as "the
855 IV, 12. 10 | regards reports, we mention diseases specialised reports issued
856 IV, 12. 10 | Hellenic Center for Infectious Diseases Control (www ~ ~COUNTRY:
857 IV, 12. 10 | and sexual communicable diseases: prevention part~Personal
858 IV, 12. 10 | health: determinants, main diseases, work related health, age
859 IV, 12. 10 | of patients with chronic diseases, health and violence (this
860 IV, 12. 10 | starting) cardiovascular diseases, asthma, diabetes, health
861 IV, 12. 10 | reports, we can also mention diseases specialised reports issued
862 IV, 12. 10 | target “Reducing communicable diseases, incl.HIV/AIDS” in national
863 IV, 12. 10 | Reducing non-communicable diseases, incl. cardiovascular diseases”
864 IV, 12. 10 | diseases, incl. cardiovascular diseases” in national Public Health
865 IV, 12. 10 | Control of Cardiovascular Diseases~Interactions amongst determinants~
866 IV, 12. 10 | prevention of cardiovascular diseases, screening for risk factors,
867 IV, 12. 10 | Determinants for cardiovascular diseases~ Media campaign~ ~ ~COUNTRY:
868 IV, 12. 10 | prevent major public health diseases by reducing obesity as well
869 IV, 12. 10 | Mortality from alcohol-related diseases or injuries~Domain of objective
870 IV, 12. 10 | measures~Work accidents/ diseases~ ~Systematic work environment
871 IV, 12. 10 | protection against communicable diseases~8. Safe sexuality and a
872 IV, 13.Acr | rare diseases and pollution-related diseases. The latest of the EU’s
873 IV, 13.Acr | Documents to control specific diseases or health determinants.~ ~
874 IV, 13. 1 | of many non-communicable diseases and associated mortality
875 IV, 13. 2. 1 | effectively prevent and treat diseases, it is very important to
876 IV, 13. 2. 1 | health loss due to different diseases or underlying risk factors.
877 IV, 13. 2. 1 | health effects and both diseases and mortality more directly
878 IV, 13. 2. 1 | be calculated for various diseases using statistical information
879 IV, 13. 2. 1 | fraction of one or more diseases which can be explained by
880 IV, 13. 2. 2 | 13.2.2. Burden of diseases~ ~Environmental burden of
881 IV, 13. 2. 2 | countries, acute infectious diseases still cause most of the
882 IV, 13. 2. 2 | high-income countries chronic diseases at older ages (cardiopulmonary
883 IV, 13. 2. 2 | older ages (cardiopulmonary diseases and cancer) dominate the
884 IV, 13. 2. 2 | primarily related to infectious diseases, indoor air pollution and
885 IV, 13. 2. 2 | of the burden of specific diseases are shown in Table 13.5.~ ~ ~
886 IV, 13. 2. 2 | estimations of burden of diseases and selected health determinants~·
887 IV, 13. 2. 3 | 13.2.3. Burden of diseases attributable to specific
888 IV, 13. 2. 3 | a number of significant diseases. The comparison shows that
889 IV, 13. 2. 3 | loss due to the most common diseases in the Netherlands, including
890 IV, 13. 2. 3 | including coronary heart diseases and depression. Table 13.
891 IV, 13. 2. 3 | of significant infectious diseases such as AIDS. In the case
892 IV, 13. 2. 3 | Smoking~ ~Cardiovascular diseases, all cancers~100,000-300,
893 IV, 13. 2. 3 | physical activity~ ~Coronary heart diseases,~Depression, lung cancer,
894 IV, 13. 2. 3 | relation to cardiovascular diseases and the relevant types of
895 IV, 13. 2. 3 | consumptions on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and the
896 IV, 13. 2. 3 | prevents cardiovascular diseases, as compared to total abstinence.
897 IV, 13. 2. 4 | 2.4. Avoidable Burden of diseases.~ ~The WHO (2005) presented
898 IV, 13. 3 | time-trends of most different diseases prevalence and incidence
899 IV, 13. 5 | younger population. Chronic diseases may contribute to the gradual
900 IV, 13. 5 | percent after age 90. Chronic diseases are a heavy burden on older
901 IV, 13. 5 | and incidence of certain diseases; and ensuring more effective
902 IV, 13. 5 | for coping with different diseases is uneven. The data reported
903 IV, 13. 5 | waiting time and nosocomial diseases); and~· patient safety.~ ~
904 IV, 13. 7. 3 | problem (e.g., infectious diseases and environmental issues),
905 IV, 13. 7. 5 | behaviour of the population, diseases and health systems at European
906 IV, 13. 7. 5 | minorities, morbidity and chronic diseases, use of cross-border health
907 IV, 13. 9 | Treatment of Ageing-related Diseases, Technical Report, OECD
