| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | technical, political and social factors. Cross-country comparisons
2 I, 2. 1 | world with their different social environments and microbiological
3 I, 2. 1 | the European population. Social policies, renowned for their
4 I, 2. 1 | health-in-all policies approach. Social protection should ensure
5 I, 2. 1 | employed in the health and social work sector. Moreover, the
6 I, 2. 2 | Moreover, with their different social environments and microbiological
7 I, 2. 3 | services demand. Poverty and social uneasiness among non-EU
8 I, 2. 3 | face special health and social problems. Moreover, voluntary
9 I, 2. 3 | and serious medical and social consequences of this practice
10 I, 2. 4 | neighbourhoods), between social groups and also between
11 I, 2. 4 | highlighted in the Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion (
12 I, 2. 4 | on Social Protection and Social Inclusion (European Commission,
13 I, 2. 4 | European Commission, 2008), social and economic policies can
14 I, 2. 4 | supportive. In recent years, social protection reforms and active
15 I, 2. 4 | margins of society and enhance social cohesion. Preventing and
16 I, 2. 4 | and tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as modernising
17 I, 2. 4 | as well as modernising social protection, combining both
18 I, 2. 4 | protection, combining both social adequacy and economic sustainability
19 I, 2. 4 | neighbourhoods), between social groups and also between
20 I, 2. 4 | all through well-designed social policies, and strengthening
21 I, 2. 4 | minorities (Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion,
22 I, 2. 4 | on Social Protection and Social Inclusion, 2008). When children
23 I, 2. 4 | breakdown of protective social, public health and healthcare
24 I, 2. 4 | Countries”. DG Employment and Social Affairs, 2004. As retired
25 I, 2. 4 | healthcare remains uneven across social groups. A major challenge
26 I, 2. 4 | comprehensively by reducing social differences, preventing
27 I, 2. 4 | provision (Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion,
28 I, 2. 4 | on Social Protection and Social Inclusion, 2008).~ ~ ~
29 I, 2. 5 | administration; education; health and social work; community and personal
30 I, 2. 5 | in delivering health and social services care in the community,
31 I, 2. 5 | Commission, DG Employment and Social Affairs, released the Communication
32 I, 2. 5 | contribute to a sounder base for social protection systems and adequacy
33 I, 2. 5 | financial, economic and social sustainability. Awareness
34 I, 2. 5 | literacy (Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion,
35 I, 2. 5 | on Social Protection and Social Inclusion, 2008).~ ~Consequences
36 I, 2. 6 | actively participate in social and economic life. It should
37 I, 2. 6 | contexts of working and social life, the need emerges for
38 I, 2. 6 | is also important in the social context. How to succeed
39 I, 2. 7 | But the growing economic, social and cultural significance
40 I, 2. 7 | creativity, economic growth and social conflict. In 1950, just
41 I, 2. 9 | irreversible, leading to adverse social, economic and environmental
42 I, 2. 10. 1 | besides environmental, social and lifestyles factors,
43 I, 2. 10. 3 | has dramatically changed social, institutional and diplomatic
44 I, 2. 11 | APPLICA (2005): Network on Social Inclusion and Income Distribution
45 I, 2. 11 | European Observatory on the Social Situation and Demography (
46 I, 2. 11 | Demography (EU DG Employment and Social Affairs). December 2005 [
47 I, 2. 11 | ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_situation/docs/sso2005_
48 I, 2. 11 | europa.eu/employment_social/social_situation/docs/sso2005_social_
49 I, 2. 11 | social_situation/docs/sso2005_social_inclusion_report.pdf]~Arcury,
50 I, 2. 11 | 2008): Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion
51 I, 2. 11 | on Social Protection and Social Inclusion 2008 – Social
52 I, 2. 11 | Social Inclusion 2008 – Social inclusion, pensions, healthcare
53 I, 2. 11 | ec.europa.eu/employment_social/spsi/docs/social_inclusion/
54 I, 2. 11 | employment_social/spsi/docs/social_inclusion/2008/joint_report_
55 I, 3. 3 | dynamics, also changing social, economical and political
56 II, 4. 1 | full employment and greater social cohesion across the EU.~ ~
57 II, 5. 1. 1 | diagnosed mental disorders); social isolation; physical illness;
58 II, 5. 1. 1 | suicide.~ ~· Eating disorders~Social pressure to be thin, fitter
59 II, 5. 1. 1 | are not only influenced by social factors, but rather anorexia
60 II, 5. 1. 1 | interpersonal factors, social factors as well as biological
61 II, 5. 1. 1 | physical or sexual abuse.~Social Factors: cultural pressure
62 II, 5. 1. 1 | regular moderate exercise, social contact and mental stimulation.
63 II, 5. 1. 1 | difficult to disentangle other social factors which are associated
64 II, 5. 1. 3 | personal, family, professional, social, economic, etc. -, have
65 II, 5. 1. 4 | effectively with the many social counterparts including one’
66 II, 5. 2. 1 | mortality) (2733 Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer
67 II, 5. 2. 1 | related to health care and social services, but are also linked
68 II, 5. 2. 3 | Eastern Europe. The political, social and economic transition
69 II, 5. 2. 5 | Presidency. (276th Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer
70 II, 5. 2. 7 | 2006): 2733 Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer
71 II, 5. 3. 2 | impact of environmental and social factors on cancer risk and
72 II, 5. 3. 2 | access to treatment between social groups. To perform these
73 II, 5. 3. 7 | is an extremely complex social undertaking, which involves
74 II, 5. 4. 1 | interaction of genetic, social and environmental factors
75 II, 5. 4. 4 | literature that the current social trends also push for worsened
76 II, 5. 4. 6 | diabetes at the Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer
77 II, 5. 4. 6 | secondary and community care, social services and education services;~·
78 II, 5. 4. 8 | diabetes, 2733rd Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer
79 II, 5. 5.Int | stigma, discrimination and social exclusion. The impact on
80 II, 5. 5.Int | Individuals most at risk of social isolation and anxiety are
81 II, 5. 5.Int(11)| Mental Health: Gender Bias, Social Position, and Depression.
82 II, 5. 5.Int | inpatient care11,12. Women’s social roles as primary carers
83 II, 5. 5.Int | responsibilities. This contributes to social isolation and further impacts
84 II, 5. 5.Int | health and wellbeing such as social relationship, poverty, and
85 II, 5. 5.Int | of adequate housing and social networks may result in people
86 II, 5. 5.Int | medical training, increased social awareness and better access
87 II, 5. 5.Int | includes a higher burden on social security systems and brings
88 II, 5. 5.Int | genetic, environmental and social factors. An individual with
89 II, 5. 5.Int | Initiatives under the Community’s social and employment policy targeted
90 II, 5. 5.Int | with mental ill health, the social inclusion of people with
91 II, 5. 5.Int | work-related Stress between social partners in 2004.~ ~The
92 II, 5. 5.Int | training courses for health and social care professionals; combating
93 II, 5. 5.Int | combating stigma and promoting social inclusion.~An internet tool (www u)
94 II, 5. 5. 1 | life-events as well as lack of social support increase the risk
95 II, 5. 5. 1 | substantial impairment in social and working life, causing
96 II, 5. 5. 1 | psychiatric conditions, social exclusion at individual (
97 II, 5. 5. 1 | initiatives under the Community’s social and employment policy have
98 II, 5. 5. 1 | with mental disorders, the social inclusion of people with
99 II, 5. 5. 2 | regular moderate exercise, social contact and mental stimulation.
100 II, 5. 5. 2 | difficult to disentangle other social factors which are associated
101 II, 5. 5. 2 | healthcare system and/or through social welfare services. In some
102 II, 5. 5. 2 | services. In some countries, social support for people with
103 II, 5. 5. 2 | to prevent isolation and social withdrawal not only of the
104 II, 5. 5. 2 | EuroCoDe, WP4 survey on social support provided to people
105 II, 5. 5. 3 | resources (Berkman et al, 2007). Social pressure to be thin, fitter
106 II, 5. 5. 3 | are not only influenced by social factors; actually anorexia
107 II, 5. 5. 3 | interpersonal factors, social factors as well as biological
108 II, 5. 5. 3 | physical or sexual abuse;~· Social Factors: cultural pressure
109 II, 5. 5. 3 | particular in maintaining social contacts and functioning
110 II, 5. 5. 3 | community and improve their social functioning. Unfortunately,
111 II, 5. 5. 3 | as increased reliance on social care and welfare support (
112 II, 5. 5. 3 | et al, 2006).~Deficits in social abilities often lead to
113 II, 5. 5. 3 | reducing these impairments in social functioning is one of the
114 II, 5. 5. 3 | of innovative drugs.~The social situation – living and performance
115 II, 5. 5. 3 | living and performance of social roles – is an important
116 II, 5. 5. 3 | to an improvement of the social situation. What really matters
117 II, 5. 5. 3 | they are able to establish social relationships, to live with
118 II, 5. 5. 3 | partner etc. Therefore, social outcome should be given
119 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2007). The importance of social outcome is also reflected
120 II, 5. 5. 3 | loss of occupational and social functioning. Their risk
121 II, 5. 5. 3 | improvement of symptoms as well as social adjustment. Yet the limited
122 II, 5. 5. 3 | unmet needs was related to social and interpersonal functioning (
123 II, 5. 5. 3 | hopelessness, and reduced social contacts (Lysaker et al,
124 II, 5. 5. 3 | more general influences on social distance (Gaebel et al,
125 II, 5. 5. 3 | respective expenditures for social welfare, disability pensions
126 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2010. Combating stigma and social exclusion is a priority
127 II, 5. 5. 3 | regards to the enormous social burden it is indispensable~·
128 II, 5. 5. 3 | working environment and social life in general, as major
129 II, 5. 5. 3 | Changes in the public's social distance toward individuals
130 II, 5. 5. 3 | S28-S32.~Priebe S (2007): Social outcomes in schizophrenia.
131 II, 5. 5. 3 | autistic behaviours, such as social withdrawal, insistence on
132 II, 5. 5. 3 | hand-wringing, body rocking, and social withdrawal. Individuals
133 II, 5. 5. 3 | attention deficits, and social problems. Opposite to many
134 II, 5. 5. 3 | months of intellectual, social and language functioning.
135 II, 5. 5. 3 | is marked impairment of social interaction, communication,
136 II, 5. 5. 3 | Equally, in Europe, the social and economic burden of ASD
137 II, 5. 5. 3 | generated by health and social care provision (59%), followed
138 II, 5. 5. 3 | training of a range of health, social care and education and commissioning
139 II, 5. 5. 3 | family, on the emotional and social impact of the seizures,
140 II, 5. 5. 3 | prevalence of epilepsy and social deprivation, defined by
141 II, 5. 5. 3 | of employment problems. Social stigma has long been considered
142 II, 5. 5. 3 | opportunities in several aspects of social life. This issue is further
143 II, 5. 5. 3 | Ahmed Z, Kerr MP (2000): Social deprivation and prevalence
144 II, 5. 5. 3 | The RESt-1 Group (2000): Social aspects of epilepsy in the
145 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorder with considerable social impact and economic consequences
146 II, 5. 5. 3 | of the disease, and their social situation in Germany. To
147 II, 5. 5. 3 | disease in the future.~MS social costs are high. Cost data
148 II, 5. 5. 3 | 20% of the total costs). Social services only represent
149 II, 5. 5. 3 | pain, role-emotion, and social function, regardless of
150 II, 5. 5. 3 | significant economic and social responsibilities. A European
151 II, 5. 5. 3 | necessary work adaptations and a social protection safety net to
152 II, 5. 5. 3 | workplace characteristics and social support. With the exception
153 II, 5. 5. 3 | barriers or other cultural, social, psychological or physical
154 II, 5. 5. 3 | as in relation to their social and family environment,
155 II, 5. 5. 3 | or no-profit health and social services providers, employers
156 II, 5. 5. 3 | appropriately flexible labour and social policies for people with
157 II, 5. 5. 3 | societies in contributing to social policy changes.~The EMSP
158 II, 5. 5. 3 | therapies, reviewing the social support and benefits of
159 II, 5. 5. 3 | well as for community care. Social services and private expenses
160 II, 5. 5. 3 | teachers, medical workers, or social service workers. Taken together,
161 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2297-2305.~Singer E (1973): Social costs of Parkinson’s disease.
162 II, 5. 6. 1 | major burden on health and social care, are one of the most
163 II, 5. 6. 3 | consequence of work loss, and of social and health care. There is
164 II, 5. 6. 3 | consequences of work loss and social support.~ ~The problem is
165 II, 5. 6. 4 | resources for health and social care. Most of the costs
166 II, 5. 6. 4 | related to work disability and social care, with a minor part
167 II, 5. 6. 6 | differences in age, gender, social class, and pain localization.
168 II, 5. 6. 6 | Department of Health and Social Services, UK (1989): OPCS
169 II, 5. 6. 6 | sites, and the relation to social deprivation. Ann Rheum Dis
170 II, 5. 7. 4 | these links actually exist. Social inequalities affect the
171 II, 5. 8. 7 | 2006): In “Population and social conditions”, 10/2006, Eurostat.~ ~
172 II, 5. 9. FB | the improved hygienic and social conditions, causes a significant
173 II, 5. 9. 1 | impairment in activities and social functioning (Skoner, 2001).~ ~
174 II, 5. 9. 1 | physical, emotional, and social effects, leading to a reduced
175 II, 5. 9. 4 | from local families of low social status. In the German Health
176 II, 5. 10. 1 | fear of severe reactions in social eating occasions complicate
177 II, 5. 10. 1 | activities and can lead to social isolation and psychological
178 II, 5. 10. 4 | calculate the real cost and social burden linked to them and
179 II, 5. 10. 4 | or lactating women.~The social burden of FA and intolerance
180 II, 5. 10. 4 | restrict food choices, limit social occasions linked to food
181 II, 5. 10. 4 | in the long run lead to social isolation and mental health
182 II, 5. 10. 6 | choice and the quality of social life of food allergic individuals (
183 II, 5. 10. 7 | framework for measuring the social impact of food allergy across
184 II, 5. 11. 1 | organ in the body with vital social functions.~are very common
185 II, 5. 11. 1 | also an important organ of social and sexual contact. Perhaps
186 II, 5. 11. 1 | frequently underestimated social function.~Historically there
187 II, 5. 11. 3 | status with accompanying social costs (Dalgard et al, 2003).~
188 II, 5. 11. 3 | impact on wellness and the social abilities of adolescents,
189 II, 5. 11. 3 | childhood shows a striking social class gradient for both
190 II, 5. 12. 5 | policies in order to increase social acceptability of such measures.~ ~
191 II, 5. 13 | actually need less energy. Social and economic pressures can
192 II, 5. 14. 1 | intensive service with high social utility. The overall aim
193 II, 5. 14. 3 | health is characterized by social inequalities in the face
194 II, 5. 14. 3 | eating, communication, and social interaction, while 18·7%
195 II, 5. 14. 3 | functioning together with social functioning is one of the
196 II, 5. 14. 3 | profoundly affect one’s social life, make people avoid
197 II, 5. 14. 3 | an important component of social behaviour in the ageing
198 II, 5. 14. 5 | inequalities with reference to social policies enabling goals.
199 II, 5. 14. 5 | to care, or in terms of social life involvement of entire
200 II, 5. 15. 1 | information and training, social benefits, hospitalisation
201 II, 6. 3. 4 | epidemic caused significant social and economic disruption
202 II, 6. 3. 6 | had profound political, social and economic implications.
203 II, 6. 4. 3 | losses, ethical dilemmas and social disruption.~ ~The European
204 II, 7. 1 | implementation to reduce the huge social toll of accidents and injuries,
205 II, 7. 2. 4 | work, either to the public (Social Security) or private specific
206 II, 7. 2. 4 | which have a « universal » Social Security system. For accidents
207 II, 7. 3. 4 | sector, consumer safety, social welfare, etc.). This makes
208 II, 7. 3. 5 | as:~ ~· mental illness~· social isolation~· a previous suicide
209 II, 7. 4 | Unequal in its impact on social groups: The risk of dying
210 II, 7. 4 | according to sex, age and social status.~ ~The European Community
211 II, 7. 4 | identify priority areas:~ ~· Social impact of injuries in terms
212 II, 7. 4. 6 | feelings of hopelessness;~· social and environmental factors,
213 II, 7. 4. 6 | herbicides and pesticides), social isolation and economic hardship.~ ~
214 II, 7. 4. 6 | to emotional well-being, social integration through participation
215 II, 7. 4. 6 | based on skill training and social support appeared to be effective
216 II, 7. 4. 7 | work). It undermines the social and economic conditions
217 II, 7. 4. 7 | individual, relationship, social, cultural and environmental
218 II, 7. 4. 7 | biological, psychological, social and environmental roots,
219 II, 7. 4. 7 | Addressing the larger cultural, social and economic factors that
220 II, 7. 6 | challenge, while gaps between social classes do not tend to narrow
221 II, 7. 6 | not tend to narrow and the social coherence might deteriorate.
222 II, 8. 1. 1 | pathology or deficit) or “social” (the result of social failure
223 II, 8. 1. 1 | social” (the result of social failure in providing access
224 II, 8. 1. 1 | expression of limitations in a social context (Schalock et al,
225 II, 8. 1. 1 | such as the environment or social attitudes. This approach
226 II, 8. 1. 2 | statistics on disability and social integration in order to
227 II, 8. 1. 2 | to health, disability and social integration.~ ~ ~
228 II, 8. 1. 4 | module on Disability and Social Integration (EDSIM). This
229 II, 8. 1. 5 | barriers in the economic and social environment that prevent
230 II, 8. 1. 5(7) | ensure their independence, social and occupational integration
231 II, 8. 2. 1 | and excluded from ordinary social relations. Although it is
232 II, 8. 2. 1 | expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive
233 II, 8. 2. 1 | recall that poverty and social disadvantage are strongly
234 II, 8. 2. 1 | conditions, less favourable social circumstances typically
235 II, 8. 2. 1 | considered within individuals’ social and economic environments.
236 II, 8. 2. 1 | Walsh 2005). Reflecting social policies in the Member States
237 II, 8. 2. 1 | Member States favouring social inclusion, more middle-aged
238 II, 8. 2. 1 | seek generic health and social services as they age. Improving
239 II, 8. 2. 1 | socio-economic position, social capital and the health of
240 II, 8. 2. 3 | educational disadvantage, social isolation and stigmatisation.
241 II, 8. 2. 3 | System~EDSIM:~Disability and Social Integration~EHSS:~European
242 II, 9 | mortality is associated with social and health care factors,
243 II, 9 | health outcomes are linked to social factors (Kaminski et al,
244 II, 9 | childbearing are a complex social phenomenon, but are associated
245 II, 9 | little or no insight into the social contexts and cultural roles
246 II, 9 | regarding its effects, and social norms regarding drunken
247 II, 9 | beliefs and expectancies (Social Issues Research Centre,
248 II, 9 | actually need less energy. Social and economic pressures can
249 II, 9 | countries (WHO, 1999).~ ~Social factors. Social factors,
250 II, 9 | 1999).~ ~Social factors. Social factors, which the individual
251 II, 9. 1 | Europe: poverty and low social status are associated with
252 II, 9. 1 | and interventions, reduce social inequalities in health and
253 II, 9. 1. 1 | infant mortality: trends by social class, registration status,
254 II, 9. 1. 2 | financial cost of medical, social and educational services
255 II, 9. 1. 2 | have important medical, social or educational needs.~ ~
256 II, 9. 1. 2 | mortality is associated with social and health care factors,
257 II, 9. 1. 2 | health outcomes are linked to social factors (Kaminski et al,
258 II, 9. 1. 2 | childbearing are a complex social phenomenon, but are associated
259 II, 9. 1. 2 | needs to be understood at social level, in order to create
260 II, 9. 2. 1 | adolescents’ physical, mental, and social health. Areas of development
261 II, 9. 2. 1 | maturation, and psychosocial and social maturation. Physical development
262 II, 9. 2. 1 | five years of life, while social and behavioural patterns
263 II, 9. 2. 1 | supportive familial and social context. Good physical and
264 II, 9. 2. 2 | Topics covered include social exclusion, architectural
265 II, 9. 2. 2 | is also the period when social attitudes mature, linking
266 II, 9. 2. 2 | cultures. Structural and social contexts such as school
267 II, 9. 2. 3 | For both biological and social reasons, women are becoming
268 II, 9. 2. 3 | self-esteem, depression and social exclusion. It is associated
269 II, 9. 2. 3 | associated with academic, social and behavioural problems
270 II, 9. 2. 3 | and is becoming a complex social phenomenon. Suicide rates
271 II, 9. 2. 4 | little or no insight into the social contexts and cultural roles
272 II, 9. 2. 4 | regarding its effects, and social norms regarding drunken
273 II, 9. 2. 4 | beliefs and expectancies (Social Issues Research Centre,
274 II, 9. 2. 5 | European Region, addresses the social and economic factors that
275 II, 9. 2. 6 | transport, environment, social policy and poverty alleviation,
276 II, 9. 2. 7 | Semin Perinatol. 28:81-7.~ ~Social Issues Research Centre (
277 II, 9. 2. 7 | Centre (1998): Report on Social and cultural aspects of
278 II, 9. 2. 7 | http://www.sirc.org/publik/social_drinking.pdf#search=%22social%
279 II, 9. 2. 7 | and Prospects; Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki.~ ~
280 II, 9. 3. 1 | includes a higher burden on social security systems and brings
281 II, 9. 3. 1 | of adequate housing and social networks may result in people
282 II, 9. 3. 1 | Individuals most at risk of social isolation and anxiety are
283 II, 9. 3. 1 | Myers et al, 2005). Women’s social roles as primary carers
284 II, 9. 3. 1 | responsibilities. This contributes to social isolation and further impacts
285 II, 9. 3. 1 | negative cultural, religious, social and legal connotations,
286 II, 9. 3. 1 | females. For biological and social reasons, women are more
287 II, 9. 3. 1 | is the unequal economic, social and cultural status of women
288 II, 9. 3. 1 | socio-economically. Their lower social position in many societies
289 II, 9. 3. 1 | of past sexual function, social class, educational level,
290 II, 9. 3. 1 | objectively demonstrable and is a social or hygienic problem. The
291 II, 9. 3. 1 | older population creates social and economic dysfunctions
292 II, 9. 3. 1 | actually need less energy. Social and economic pressures can
293 II, 9. 3. 1 | video-simulation experiment. Social Science & Medicine 62 103–
294 II, 9. 3. 1 | Mental Health ‘Gender Bias, Social Position, and Depression’,
295 II, 9. 3. 1 | combating the adverse health, social and economic consequences
296 II, 9. 3. 1 | Publications of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland,
297 II, 9. 3. 1 | in focus, Population And Social Conditions 10/2006~ ~Plümper
298 II, 9. 3. 2 | infant mortality: trends by social class, registration status,
299 II, 9. 3. 3 | secular and non-secular social forces. Recent decades have
300 II, 9. 3. 3 | internet, have had a bearing on social norms, transporting sexual
301 II, 9. 3. 3 | are especially prone to a social desirability bias – the
302 II, 9. 3. 3 | to respond according to social expectations of what is
303 II, 9. 3. 3 | be challenged by several social, cultural and economic factors.
304 II, 9. 3. 3 | relationship, being in a higher social class, having a higher level
305 II, 9. 3. 3 | activity. Techniques used in social marketing, which target
306 II, 9. 3. 3 | information gained through social networks is more salient,
307 II, 9. 3. 3 | demands the involvement of social as well as health sectors,
308 II, 9. 3. 3 | agencies, as well as other social interventions. A way of
309 II, 9. 3. 3 | reflect fundamental cultural, social, religious and educational
310 II, 9. 3. 3 | Grier S, Bryant CA (2005): Social marketing in public health.
311 II, 9. 4. 1 | Ageing is one of the greatest social, economic and health challenges
312 II, 9. 4. 1 | mid-life experience, such as social class, gender and ethnicity,
313 II, 9. 4. 1 | environmental and general social policy to ensure that an
314 II, 9. 4. 1 | individual needs, preferences, social and cultural circumstances
315 II, 9. 4. 2 | their prevalence. Large social inequalities for some specific
316 II, 9. 4. 3 | health and wellbeing such as social relationships, poverty and
317 II, 9. 4. 3 | medical training, increased social awareness and better access
318 II, 9. 4. 4 | countries (WHO, 1999).~ ~Social factors. Social factors,
319 II, 9. 4. 4 | 1999).~ ~Social factors. Social factors, which the individual
320 II, 9. 4. 5 | Healthy Ageing, 2007).~ ~Social capital. The aim of health
321 II, 9. 4. 5 | increase educational and social activity group interventions
322 II, 9. 4. 5 | help to combat feelings of social isolation amongst older
323 II, 9. 4. 5 | formal care, i.e. medical or social services. Only one-third
324 II, 9. 4. 5 | world are mainly women. Social isolation due to widowhood
325 II, 9. 4. 5 | whole, can help improve social networks and reduce social
326 II, 9. 4. 5 | social networks and reduce social isolation at community level.
327 II, 9. 4. 5 | Care for the elderly. Social protection systems not only
328 II, 9. 4. 5 | Strategy for Modernising Social Protection’ consequently
329 II, 9. 4. 5 | 2000, which stressed that social protection systems need
330 II, 9. 4. 5 | maintain high levels of social protection in this field.
331 II, 9. 4. 5 | employment. The health and social services sector is already
332 II, 9. 4. 5 | life. In some societies, social norms of widowhood impose
333 II, 9. 4. 5 | those in more privileged social groups. Further research
334 II, 9. 4. 5 | and by subsequent income, social roles and expectations during
335 II, 9. 4. 5 | voluntary tool to other social and health topics, such
336 II, 9. 4. 5 | into competing health and social care organisations is one
337 II, 9. 4. 5 | providing both health and social care - is definitely one
338 II, 9. 4. 5 | insights for health and social care agencies grappling
339 II, 9. 4. 6 | impact of chronic illness, social supports etc..)~· Plan integrated
340 II, 9. 4. 6 | sectors (health, environment, social, financial etc…) for the
341 II, 9. 4. 7 | Integrated Health and~ ~Social Care for Older People: A
342 II, 9. 4. 7 | in focus: Population and Social Conditions. 10/2006~ ~Gray
343 II, 9. 4. 8 | Providing Integrated Health and Social Care for Older Persons~SENECA~
344 II, 9. 5. 1 | Gender” refers to the social construction of what it
345 II, 9. 5. 1 | Interactions between the social environment, genes and biology
346 II, 9. 5. 1 | to gender inequality in social, educational, cultural and
347 II, 9. 5. 1 | norms about risk-taking and social protection. The described
348 II, 9. 5. 1 | and women.~ ~Loosening of social norms about women’s work
349 II, 9. 5. 2 | in the use of health and social care services;~- Provide
350 II, 9. 5. 3 | develop can put them at social disadvantage and thereby
351 II, 9. 5. 3 | they may come under more social pressure to indulge in risk
352 II, 9. 5. 3 | will influence the income, social role, expectations and the
353 II, 9. 5. 3 | relationship and in every social milieu. Estimates on violence
354 II, 9. 5. 3 | the effects of alcohol and social norms regarding drunken
355 II, 9. 5. 3 | this may be influenced by social experience and available
356 II, 9. 5. 3 | cigarettes. They have less social support to stop smoking,
357 II, 9. 5. 3 | but this may be due to social experience and available
358 II, 9. 5. 3 | actually need less energy. Social and economic pressures can
359 II, 9. 5. 3 | suggests that the immediate social environment of children
360 II, 9. 5. 3 | physical activity habits. The impact of social modelling appears to be
361 II, 9. 5. 4 | health and long term care, social inclusion and pensions~·
362 II, 9. 5. 4 | programme for employment and social solidarity PROGRESS.~ Reference
363 II, 9. 5. 4 | 2005 : 10/08/2006~· The social situation in the European
364 II, 9. 5. 4 | A6-0046/2005 :10/08/2006~· Social Policy Agenda for the period
365 II, 9. 5. 4 | role of women in Turkey in social, economic and political
366 II, 9. 5. 4 | recognizes the health and social consequences associated
367 II, 9. 5. 4 | of the importance of the social construction in gender indicators;~·
368 II, 9. 5. 5 | explicitly integrated into all “social” and “economic” development
369 II, 9. 5. 5 | of European populations. Social and economic inclusion of
370 II, 9. 5. 6 | Mental Health: ‘Gender Bias, Social Position, and Depression’.
371 II, 9. 5. 6 | combating the adverse health, social and economic consequences
372 II, 9. 5. 6 | discrimination? (English title) Social Science & Medicine, 2005 (
373 II, 9. 5. 6 | country, no circumstances, no social class: Domestic violence.
374 II, 9. 5. 6 | Paper Series. Luxembourg~ ~Social Issues Research Centre (
375 II, 9. 5. 6 | Research Centre (Undated): Social and cultural aspects of
376 III, 10. 1 | as coping skills, and the social, cultural, occupational,
377 III, 10. 1 | psychological / emotional, and social (public or private) interchanges
378 III, 10. 1 | individual characteristics and social factors influencing health~ ~
379 III, 10. 1 | indicators~ ~ ~Transport~ ~ ~ ~Social networks and social environment~ ~ ~ ~
380 III, 10. 1 | Social networks and social environment~ ~ ~ ~Socio-economic
381 III, 10. 1 | 3) the conditions of the social environment, where the individual
382 III, 10. 1. 1 | influenced by cultural and social reinforcing factors (e.g.
383 III, 10. 1. 1 | e.g. peer acceptance and social disapproval). Enabling factors,
384 III, 10. 1. 1 | attitudes and influences, social support for non-smoking,
385 III, 10. 1. 1 | opinion towards smoking, and social norms (e.g. smoking during
386 III, 10. 1. 1 | smoking after delivery, social disapproval). Tobacco use
387 III, 10. 1. 1 | Green and Potvin, 2004). Social and environmental factors
388 III, 10. 1. 1 | The family environment and social norms may not be supportive
389 III, 10. 1. 1 | individual knowledge and beliefs, social circumstances critically
390 III, 10. 1. 1 | determinants: drinking is a social act in many cultures (Rehm
391 III, 10. 1. 1 | for alcohol consumption; social networks influence individual
392 III, 10. 1. 1 | and lifestyle attitudes. Social connectedness as well as
393 III, 10. 1. 1 | connectedness as well as social isolation (e.g. after migration
394 III, 10. 1. 1 | core relationships and social networks / peers may reinforce
395 III, 10. 1. 1 | alcohol consumption, heavy social drinking, psychological
396 III, 10. 1. 1 | children possibly leading to social, psychological and somatic
397 III, 10. 1. 1 | causal relationship. Other social, personality and genetic
398 III, 10. 1. 1 | disruption, failure to fulfil social roles, concern about drinking,
399 III, 10. 1. 1 | of psychiatric disorders (social phobia, social anxiety)
400 III, 10. 1. 1 | disorders (social phobia, social anxiety) and suicidal behaviour (
401 III, 10. 1. 1 | competence. The latter includes social influence, sociability,
402 III, 10. 1. 1 | barriers originating from social networks to the development
403 III, 10. 1. 1 | consumption in British men. Social relationships within the
404 III, 10. 1. 1 | be challenged by several social, cultural and economic factors.
405 III, 10. 1. 3 | HR, Lauerman RJ (1987): Social drinking as a health and
406 III, 10. 1. 3 | RS, Stephens RS (1999): Social anxiety and drinking in
407 III, 10. 1. 3 | drinking in college students: a social cognitive theory analysis.
408 III, 10. 1. 3 | Education, health promotion, and social and lifestyle determinants
409 III, 10. 1. 3 | Determinants of health and disease: Social, economic, and cultural
410 III, 10. 1. 3 | diagnosis and treatment of social phobia and alcohol abuse.
411 III, 10. 1. 3 | drinking patterns and their social and health consequences.
412 III, 10. 2. 1 | Panel~ECOSOC~Economic and Social Council~EHIS~European Health
413 III, 10. 2. 1 | north-south pattern, with strong social gradients in northern European
414 III, 10. 2. 1 | tobacco epidemic stages.~Social gradients in smoking prevalence
415 III, 10. 2. 1 | taxes and contributions to social security among smokers,
416 III, 10. 2. 1 | budgetary costs related to social services). A more comprehensive
417 III, 10. 2. 1 | comprehensive estimate of net social costs for Australia ranges
418 III, 10. 2. 1 | the devastating health, social, environmental and economic
419 III, 10. 2. 1 | solutions to international social and health problems falls
420 III, 10. 2. 1 | remit of the Economic and Social Council (ECO ). Their Reso 62
421 III, 10. 2. 1 | contribution to reducing social inequalities in health in
422 III, 10. 2. 1 | the cost: Estimate of the social costs of drug abuse in Australia
423 III, 10. 2. 1 | includes those health and social problems that occur to the
424 III, 10. 2. 1 | as culture, gender, age, social class, criminal status,
425 III, 10. 2. 1 | This harm also has its social cost, which has been estimated
426 III, 10. 2. 1 | minimizing the health and social harms that result from alcohol
427 III, 10. 2. 1 | interests of public health and social well-being through their
428 III, 10. 2. 1 | their impact on health and social determinants, such as drinking
429 III, 10. 2. 1 | the form of marketing and social norms supporting drinking,
430 III, 10. 2. 1 | Analysis of 1.1 Million Men." Social Science and Medicine, 58:
431 III, 10. 2. 1 | use of illicit drugs. The social situation of long term problem
432 III, 10. 2. 1 | implemented with focus on social influence through standardised
433 III, 10. 2. 1 | treatment and detoxification. Social reintegration programs,
434 III, 10. 2. 1 | home, and to develop their social skills, are another important
435 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevention, treatment, social rehabilitation, harm reduction)
436 III, 10. 2. 1 | HIV/AIDS, as well as a poor social situation. Many health services
437 III, 10. 2. 1 | major health, economic and social effects on all communities
438 III, 10. 2. 1 | affects quality of life and social functioning, especially
439 III, 10. 2. 1 | supplies regardless of their social or economic status. Salt
440 III, 10. 2. 1 | programmes (Petersen, 2003). Social, economic and cultural factors
441 III, 10. 2. 1 | tackling the underlying social, political and environmental
442 III, 10. 2. 1 | other psychological and social benefits that affect health (
443 III, 10. 2. 1 | example, it can help build social skills in children (Evans
444 III, 10. 2. 1 | participation itself and the social and cultural benefits of
445 III, 10. 2. 1 | and Sport (TNS Opinion and Social, 2004). The survey covered
446 III, 10. 2. 1 | sport activities and the social dimension of sport. One
447 III, 10. 2. 1 | and Food (TNS Opinion and Social, 2006). This survey contained
448 III, 10. 2. 1 | and language barriers), social factors (such as encouragement
449 III, 10. 2. 1 | of conducive physical and social environments. The White
450 III, 10. 2. 1 | Economics of the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine
451 III, 10. 2. 1 | Child-friendly? Canadian Social Trends, 2002:2–5.~ ~Pratt
452 III, 10. 2. 1 | 123-155.~ ~TNS Opinion and Social (2004): Special Eurobarometer
453 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2007).~ ~TNS Opinion and Social (2006): Special Eurobarometer
454 III, 10. 2. 1 | socioeconomic status.~ ~Social inequality may directly
455 III, 10. 2. 1 | points to the same problem of social disadvantage affecting the
456 III, 10. 2. 1 | which deals with the larger social determinants of obesity
457 III, 10. 2. 1 | team (2003): Coexistence of social inequalities in undernutrition
458 III, 10. 2. 1 | London, National Centre for Social Research, Department of
459 III, 10. 2. 1 | Kunst AE (1994): Health and social inequality in Europe. Classification
460 III, 10. 2. 1 | Power C (1994): Health and social inequality in Europe. British
461 III, 10. 2. 4 | economic, ethical, legal and social implications is presently
462 III, 10. 2. 4 | besides environmental, social and life style factors,
463 III, 10. 2. 4 | health determinants (e.g. social, behavioural, environmental,
464 III, 10. 2. 4 | economic, ethical, legal and social implications is presently
465 III, 10. 2. 4 | of genomics for health, social, and environmental policy
466 III, 10. 2. 4 | diverse sources such as social epidemiology, systems biology,
467 III, 10. 2. 5 | associated with the child's social functioning and adaptation
468 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental experiences affect social processes, associated physiological
469 III, 10. 2. 5 | pressure responses to everyday social interactions. Psychosom
470 III, 10. 3. 1 | annoyance, are interference with social behaviour and speech communication,
471 III, 10. 3. 1 | countries estimate that the social cost of road noise pollution
472 III, 10. 3. 1 | a strict scientific and social cost-benefit analysis.~ ~
473 III, 10. 3. 1 | noise annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys (
474 III, 10. 3. 4 | economic development as well as social and political stability.~ ~
475 III, 10. 3. 4 | Age-associated factors such as social isolation are very important,
476 III, 10. 3. 4 | of elderly people and the social and health care aspects
477 III, 10. 4. 5 | marine-related economic and social activities depend.~ ~References~
478 III, 10. 5. 1 | environmental as well as social determinants, the information
479 III, 10. 5. 1 | next (WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health,
480 III, 10. 5. 1 | leisure, recreation and social activities is as important
481 III, 10. 5. 1 | have been identified as (a) social bonding between residents,
482 III, 10. 5. 1 | identity and building up social capital and trust, and (
483 III, 10. 5. 1 | places and green areas for social and recreational activities.
484 III, 10. 5. 1 | especially the impact of specific social circumstances. The example
485 III, 10. 5. 1 | analyse data by income or social group we do not get an adequate
486 III, 10. 5. 1 | topics such as Demography, Social Aspects, Economic Aspects,
487 III, 10. 5. 1 | and injuries, and mitigate social and health inequities within
488 III, 10. 5. 1 | role of the physical and social environment. In: Berkman,
489 III, 10. 5. 1 | L.F., Kawachi, I. (eds.): Social Epidemiology. (Oxford University
490 III, 10. 5. 1 | Aug.~ ~WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (
491 III, 10. 5. 1 | health, our future: Acting on social determinants for health
492 III, 10. 5. 2 | noticed for what concerned social issues, family planning
493 III, 10. 5. 2 | worse in urban areas, with social pathologies such as alcohol
494 III, 10. 5. 2 | higher stress and less stable social conditions in urban areas
495 III, 10. 5. 3 | policy-making on employment and social affairs and is striving
496 III, 10. 5. 3 | safety as well as addressing social determinants and employability~ ~
497 III, 10. 5. 3 | those engaged in health & social work.~ ~Table 10.5.3.1.
498 III, 10. 5. 3 | those engaged in health & social work report more often headache
499 III, 10. 5. 3 | in focus – Population and social conditions – 13/2006~ ~Current
500 III, 10. 5. 3 | safety as well as addressing social determinants and employability.~ ~
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