Part, Chapter, Paragraph
501 II, 9. 3. 3| of same-sex activity in men is 6% in the UK (Johnson
502 II, 9. 3. 3| 1995). In Portugal 4.2% of men reported that during their
503 II, 9. 3. 3| relations exclusively with other men (Amaro et al, 2004).In the
504 II, 9. 3. 3| the Czech Republic, 5% of men and 6% of women reported
505 II, 9. 3. 3| sexual behaviour of gay men in eight European countries (
506 II, 9. 3. 3| widely. The proportion of men who during the last year
507 II, 9. 3. 3| and Relationships, most men who currently have sex with
508 II, 9. 3. 3| currently have sex with men (MSM) have similar numbers
509 II, 9. 3. 3| partners as heterosexual men, but 32% of MSM have had
510 II, 9. 3. 3| 2006a):~ ~ percentage of men and women who have experienced
511 II, 9. 3. 3| age at marriage (for men and women);~· age at first
512 II, 9. 3. 3| at first intercourse (for men and women);~· percentage
513 II, 9. 3. 3| months;~· percentage of men who had sex with a commercial
514 II, 9. 3. 3| historically have suggested that men and women may have very
515 II, 9. 3. 3| are diminishing between men and women. Collection of
516 II, 9. 3. 3| behaviour of gay and bisexual men in eight European countries.
517 II, 9. 3. 3| Health and Relationships~MSM~Men having sex with men~NEM~
518 II, 9. 3. 3| MSM~Men having sex with men~NEM~New Encounter Module~
519 II, 9. 4. 1| compared to 75.1 years for men. The EU population of people
520 II, 9. 4. 2| Physical Health Measures Among Men and Women Aged 50 or more
521 II, 9. 4. 3| There are more women than men at the older ages, especially
522 II, 9. 4. 3| and external causes. In men over 65, the most common
523 II, 9. 4. 3| i.e. about 15 years for men and 19 years for women,
524 II, 9. 4. 3| and illness in women and men show marked differences.
525 II, 9. 4. 3| influences the quality of life. Men are more likely to suffer
526 II, 9. 4. 3| and stroke are exclusively men’s problems has obscured
527 II, 9. 4. 3| groups (exceptions include men in Ireland, and women in
528 II, 9. 4. 3| occur in Estonia (2,305 men and 1,318 women per 100
529 II, 9. 4. 3| 000) and Lithuania (2,219 men and 1,335 women), while
530 II, 9. 4. 3| observed in France (402 men and 169 women) and Portugal (
531 II, 9. 4. 3| women) and Portugal (460 men, 275 women) (Eurostat, 2006).
532 II, 9. 4. 3| demonstrate that the risk for men increases with age and that
533 II, 9. 4. 3| Portugal (European Health Men’s Forum, 2003). Morbidity
534 II, 9. 4. 3| specific death rates for men are compared with those
535 II, 9. 4. 3| that up to the age of 74, men have the highest rate of
536 II, 9. 4. 3| this age (European Health Men’s Forum, 2003).~ ~Stroke.
537 II, 9. 4. 3| Diabetes~ ~For both men and women, the proportion
538 II, 9. 4. 3| older women than in older men (i.e. individuals >70 years
539 II, 9. 4. 3| with age, affecting 25% of men and 30% of women above 70
540 II, 9. 4. 3| cause of cancer death in men, whereas breast cancer is
541 II, 9. 4. 3| increased in women but not in men. The EURODEM studies also
542 II, 9. 4. 3| significant risk factor in men (see chapter on dementia
543 II, 9. 4. 4| considerable proportions of older men and women could be at risk
544 II, 9. 4. 5| As women live longer than men, they are also more likely
545 II, 9. 4. 5| fact that most women marry men who are older than themselves.
546 II, 9. 4. 5| It is often said that ‘men die quicker but women are
547 II, 9. 4. 5| chronic conditions in older men; however, women present
548 II, 9. 4. 5| to live alone than older men. In research, older women
549 II, 9. 4. 5| convalesce in the same way as men. The healthcare system has
550 II, 9. 4. 6| life expectancy for both men and women throughout Western
551 II, 9. 4. 7| 20omslag.pdf].~The European Men’s Health Forum (2003): A
552 II, 9. 4. 7| A report on the state of men’s health across 17 European
553 II, 9. 5. 1| physiological differences between men and women, “gender” describes
554 II, 9. 5. 1| behaviour for women and men in a specific culture, all
555 II, 9. 5. 1| treatment of disease between men and women have been frequently
556 II, 9. 5. 1| Women differ greatly from men in how their bodies are
557 II, 9. 5. 1| human development between men and women. Exploration of
558 II, 9. 5. 1| experience greater morbidity than men although women’s life expectancy
559 II, 9. 5. 1| survival advantages compared to men (UN, 2005). Much of women’
560 II, 9. 5. 1| biological differences between men and women and to the reproductive
561 II, 9. 5. 1| violence more often than men~ ~ As a movement, men’s
562 II, 9. 5. 1| than men~ ~ As a movement, men’s health is only beginning
563 II, 9. 5. 1| socialisation that prepare men to fight in wars or to work
564 II, 9. 5. 1| factors to the ill-health of men. Research into men’s health
565 II, 9. 5. 1| ill-health of men. Research into men’s health is lacking but
566 II, 9. 5. 1| endangers the health of men and of those with whom they
567 II, 9. 5. 1| mortality differentials between men and women in industrialised
568 II, 9. 5. 1| begin to smoke later than men and are slower to quit smoking,
569 II, 9. 5. 1| result, the gap between men’s and women’s life expectancy
570 II, 9. 5. 1| determinants are more important for men. Higher rates of accidents (
571 II, 9. 5. 1| violence-related mortality in men seem to be due to differences
572 II, 9. 5. 1| inequalities in health between men and women.~ ~Loosening of
573 II, 9. 5. 1| significant differences in the way men and women are diagnosed
574 II, 9. 5. 1| or health information as men and that women may respond
575 II, 9. 5. 1| clinical trials are made on men, with results extrapolated
576 II, 9. 5. 1| differential life experiences of men and women during the lifespan.~ ~
577 II, 9. 5. 3| compared to total deaths for men and women for selected EUGLOREH
578 II, 9. 5. 3| health problems to him/her. Men are more likely to seek
579 II, 9. 5. 3| depression in women compared to men, even when they have similar
580 II, 9. 5. 3| the EU25, more women than men aged 20 to 24 had completed
581 II, 9. 5. 3| women compared to 75% of men. Only in the Czech Republic
582 II, 9. 5. 3| living alone compared to men. Poverty is highest amongst
583 II, 9. 5. 3| potential to live longer than men.~ ~Carers: In the UK, nearly
584 II, 9. 5. 3| likely to be provided by men (UK National Statistics
585 II, 9. 5. 3| violence is perpetrated by men towards women. However,
586 II, 9. 5. 3| committed by women towards men, and within same sex relationships.
587 II, 9. 5. 3| One in 4 women and 1 in 6 men will experience domestic
588 II, 9. 5. 3| and 2.5 million against men (Women’s Aid, 2004).~ ~The
589 II, 9. 5. 3| 10.7% in Eastern Europe. Men are generally heavier drinkers
590 II, 9. 5. 3| Fourteen per cent of men and 4 per cent of women
591 II, 9. 5. 3| illustrates drinking patterns for men and women in selected EU
592 II, 9. 5. 3| Drinking patterns among men and women in selected European
593 II, 9. 5. 3| Women are more likely than men to take up smoking as a
594 II, 9. 5. 3| 2006). Across the EU, more men are seen to smoke than women,
595 II, 9. 5. 3| better results than for men. Extraordinary circumstances
596 II, 9. 5. 3| differences can vary between men and women and in accordance
597 II, 9. 5. 3| they will feed the family. Men attach less importance to
598 II, 9. 5. 3| leave some elderly women and men at risk of vitamin or mineral
599 II, 9. 5. 3| average age at marriage, older men in need of care are more
600 II, 9. 5. 3| type of duties women and men carers engage in, and in
601 II, 9. 5. 3| 2004). More women than men provide demanding and intensive
602 II, 9. 5. 3| one care recipient than men. Men are more likely to
603 II, 9. 5. 3| care recipient than men. Men are more likely to concentrate
604 II, 9. 5. 3| inflexible care, while men provide care that can be
605 II, 9. 5. 3| EU27, compared to 8.1% for men. This period is the main
606 II, 9. 5. 3| higher for women than for men: over an hour more in Italy,
607 II, 9. 5. 3| Women spend more time than men on domestic work, while
608 II, 9. 5. 3| have less free time than men. The difference ranged from
609 II, 9. 5. 3| other upkeep. In general, men tend to spend a higher proportion
610 II, 9. 5. 3| construction and repairs. Women and men spend almost equal amounts
611 II, 9. 5. 3| fewer hours of care than men (Morris, 2004). There is
612 II, 9. 5. 4| Equality between women and men in the European Union.~
613 II, 9. 5. 4| opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of
614 II, 9. 5. 4| women compared to that of men.~ ~The diversity of women
615 II, 9. 5. 4| dedicated to the issue of men’s health. Among national
616 II, 9. 5. 4| produced the first report on men’s health for the city of
617 II, 9. 5. 4| governments have developed men’s health strategies (England
618 II, 9. 5. 4| presidency conference on men’s health (Lisbon Nov 2007),
619 II, 9. 5. 4| improving the health of young men including physical activity
620 II, 9. 5. 4| army recruits and for young men in after-school centres,
621 II, 9. 5. 4| prevention of suicide among older men. The Finnish government
622 II, 9. 5. 4| reducing the mortality in young men by specifically including
623 II, 9. 5. 4| poor health literacy in men could make to the improvement
624 II, 9. 5. 4| policy hasn’t so far taken men’s health issues specifically
625 II, 9. 5. 4| screening).~ ~Steps to improve men’s health tend to follow
626 II, 9. 5. 4| areas seen at EU level. As men tend to present themselves
627 II, 9. 5. 4| offer strong benefits for men’s health. Both the WHO (
628 II, 9. 5. 4| prevalence diseases among men such as lung cancer (WHA
629 II, 9. 5. 4| 2008-2017 ). The European Men’s Health Forum (EMHF) and
630 II, 9. 5. 4| Declaration for the health of men and boys in Europe endorsed
631 II, 9. 5. 4| reflection on how women and men are potentially affected
632 II, 9. 5. 5| Policy focus on improving men's health is still limited,
633 II, 9. 5. 5| regarding the impact of men and boys’ poor health status
634 II, 9. 5. 5| well as on key factors to men’s health improvement and
635 II, 9. 5. 6| Equality between Women and Men. Brussels~ ~European Heart
636 II, 9. 5. 6| accessed 07.07)~ ~European Men’s Health Forum (2005): Gender
637 II, 9. 5. 6| accessed 01.08)~ ~European Men’s Health Forum (2006): Tackling
638 II, 9. 5. 6| overweight and obesity in men in Europe. Available at: htt f (
639 II, 9. 5. 6| of the life of women and men in the EU25. Eurostat News
640 II, 9. 5. 6| across 44 countries among men and women aged 15–44. J
641 III, 10. 1. 1| of alcoholic beverages by men has been shown to reduce
642 III, 10. 1. 1| alcohol consumption in British men. Social relationships within
643 III, 10. 2. 1| combined.~ ~Around 35% of men and 25% of women in the
644 III, 10. 2. 1| the EU smoke. In general, men smoke more than women, although
645 III, 10. 2. 1| Western Europe.~ ~In general, men smoke more than women. However,
646 III, 10. 2. 1| in smoking prevalence for men and women are declining.
647 III, 10. 2. 1| higher among women than among men, whereas in Ireland the
648 III, 10. 2. 1| prevalence among European men and women between 1990 and
649 III, 10. 2. 1| 1990 and 2006.~ ~F ~ ~More men than women are dying from
650 III, 10. 2. 1| rates twice as high for men as for women.~ ~ ~Overall,
651 III, 10. 2. 1| That is why still more men are dying from smoking attributable
652 III, 10. 2. 1| as smoking determinants~ ~Men generally smoke more than
653 III, 10. 2. 1| increasingly common. Rates among men peak at 50%-80% and are
654 III, 10. 2. 1| 20 years behind those of men. Smoking is first adopted
655 III, 10. 2. 1| prevalence rates among men decrease to about 40% since
656 III, 10. 2. 1| to about 40% since many men stop smoking, especially
657 III, 10. 2. 1| declining slowly for both men and women, and smoking becomes
658 III, 10. 2. 1| and to a lesser extent for men, in the 45-74 years of age
659 III, 10. 2. 1| did not apply to younger men. The differences found reflect
660 III, 10. 2. 1| are steeper for younger men and women than for older
661 III, 10. 2. 1| mortality among Swedish men are at least in part effects
662 III, 10. 2. 1| disporptionate effect on young men. Alcohol consumption is
663 III, 10. 2. 1| 20g alcohol per day and men who consume more than 40g/
664 III, 10. 2. 1| higher proportion of all men (31%) than women (12%) had
665 III, 10. 2. 1| pressure. This is mainly for men, accounting for 12% of all
666 III, 10. 2. 1| disproportionally shouldered by young men in Europe, 13,000 of whom
667 III, 10. 2. 1| every 4 deaths of young men, rising to nearly 1 in 3
668 III, 10. 2. 1| deaths per 100,000 people for men and 60 per 100,000 for women (
669 III, 10. 2. 1| DALYs per million people for men and 4,000 DALYs per million
670 III, 10. 2. 1| burden of ill-health for men (7th for women), with several
671 III, 10. 2. 1| largest inequalities in men aged 45-59 are France and
672 III, 10. 2. 1| Analysis of 1.1 Million Men." Social Science and Medicine,
673 III, 10. 2. 1| Mortality in Middle Aged Men in 11 European Countries:
674 III, 10. 2. 1| quarter in France and Sweden. Men were more likely to be sufficiently
675 III, 10. 2. 1| countries for both women and men. According to WHO estimates,
676 III, 10. 2. 1| 22,924 women and 13,031 men) who participated in the
677 III, 10. 2. 1| Scottish (Bromley et al, 2005a) men (65.4%) followed by Portuguese (
678 III, 10. 2. 1| et al, 2006) and Polish men (56.7%) (Szponar et al,
679 III, 10. 2. 1| prevalence of overweight among men was found in Malta (68.2%) (
680 III, 10. 2. 1| from 7.4% to 26.6% among men and between 8.9% and 26.
681 III, 10. 2. 1| Among adult women and men, the prevalence of overweight
682 III, 10. 2. 1| overweight in women and men were in Spain (1.2 and 0.
683 III, 10. 2. 1| and 0.9 pp/y in women and men respectively, from 2003
684 III, 10. 2. 1| three women and in five men over the age of fifty all
685 III, 10. 2. 3| association is observed both in men and in women, at any age.
686 III, 10. 2. 5| testicular- and prostate cancer in men. Testicular cancer is increasing
687 III, 10. 2. 5| cancer appears in young men aged 20-40, but the cancer
688 III, 10. 2. 5| epidemiological study based on men from Sweden and Finland
689 III, 10. 3. 1| working time. Most common in men are exposures to vibrations
690 III, 10. 3. 1| considerable percentage of men furthermore report their
691 III, 10. 3. 2| testicular- and prostate cancer in men. Testicular cancer is increasing
692 III, 10. 3. 2| cancer appears in young men aged 20-40, but the cancer
693 III, 10. 3. 2| epidemiological study based on men from Sweden and Finland
694 III, 10. 5. 3| by women in contrast to men. This applies especially
695 III, 10. 5. 3| incidence rate is twice in men (80 per 1000,000) compared
696 III, 10. 5. 3| quarters of them occurring to men. In general there has been
697 III, 10. 5. 3| Conditions Survey, 37% of men and 31% of women perceive
698 III, 10. 5. 3| high speed’ - more so with men than women (table 10.5.3.
699 III, 10. 5. 3| time – are most common in men. Exposures to inconvenient
700 III, 10. 5. 3| considerable percentage of men furthermore report their
701 III, 10. 5. 3| types of jobs carried out by men and women, the type of employment
702 III, 10. 5. 3| factors. More women than men work in jobs where demands
703 III, 10. 5. 3| mortality of unemployed men and women during a period
704 III, 10. 6. 1| people they help compared to men (Kessler et al., 1985).~ ~
705 III, 10. 6. 2| smaller among women than among men; and~· inequalities in mortality
706 III, 10. 6. 2| with educational class in men and women, respectively,
707 III, 10. 6. 2| of health inequalities in men than in women (Figure 10.
708 III, 10. 6. 2| birth (4 to 6 years among men, 2 to 4 years among women).
709 III, 10. 6. 2| Inequalities in mortality of men~ ~ ~ ~The explanation of
710 III, 10. 6. 2| all countries, both among men and women. Among men, the
711 III, 10. 6. 2| among men and women. Among men, the excess mortality ranged
712 III, 10. 6. 2| Estonia), particularly among men. This is probably due to
713 III, 10. 6. 3| sex or age groups. More men than women are victims of
714 IV, 12. 2 | CVD mortality rates for men aged 35-64 years had dropped
715 IV, 12. 2 | 3 years of interval) and men and women aged 50 to 74
716 IV, 12. 3 | equal treatment of women and men, fight against discrimination,
717 IV, 12. 5 | between all countries for men and women. If we consider
718 IV, 12. 5 | signify expansion then for men Austria, Belgium, Finland,
719 IV, 12. 5 | showing compression for men and women and the Netherlands
720 IV, 12. 5 | older women more than older men). However if real, they
721 IV, 12. 5 | selected EU Member States - men.~ ~Figure 12.A1.1b Trend
722 IV, 12. 10 | Department will publish a Men's Health Policy later this
723 IV, 12. 10 | Balanced participation of men and women in decision-making
724 IV, 12. 10 | for the equal treatment of men and women, concerning their
725 IV, 12. 10 | opportunities policies for men and women by:~7. reconciling
726 IV, 12. 10 | asymmetrical conduct patterns shape men and women’s health condition.
727 IV, 13. 2. 3| three units per day for men and up to two for women)
728 IV, 13. 5 | main caregivers for both men and women. Because of the
729 IV, 13. 5 | women are more likely than men to find themselves without
730 IV, 13. 5 | more sustained decline for men than for women (Jacobzone,
731 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| melanoma~melanomas~mellitus~men~meningitides~meningitis~
