Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | on behalf of the European Commission and/or Member States nor
2 -, 1 | Consumers" of the European Commission (Grant Agreement n. 2005115) (
3 -, 1 | States and with the European Commission. Furthermore, the Report
4 -, 1 | homepage of the European Commission D. G. Health and Consumers (
5 I, 2. 2 | Enlarged Community” updates the Commission’s first analysis of the
6 I, 2. 4 | Social Inclusion (European Commission, 2008), social and economic
7 I, 2. 4 | Moreover, the European Commission also released the Communication
8 I, 2. 5 | In 2004, the European Commission, DG Employment and Social
9 I, 2. 5 | edition of the European Commission’s Employment in Europe report,
10 I, 2. 5 | According to recent European Commission’s figures, there are three
11 I, 2. 6 | percentage points (European Commission, 2006).~While education
12 I, 2. 6 | at lower level (European Commission, 2006).~ ~Considering the
13 I, 2. 10. 3 | another Member State. The Commission intends to support a common
14 I, 2. 10. 3 | relevant. In parallel, the Commission intends to set up European-wide
15 I, 2. 10. 3 | On-line health services. Commission and Member States will ensure
16 I, 2. 10. 3 | the e-TEN programme. The Commission will monitor actions taken
17 I, 2. 10. 4(14)| EU Border 2006”, European Commission, May 2007.~
18 I, 2. 11 | accessed 21.11.06).~European Commission (2006): European Economy.
19 I, 2. 11 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2008): Joint Report on
20 I, 3.Acr | EUROSTAT data~GCIM Global Commission on International Migration~
21 I, 3. 2 | Integration of the European Commission points out that migrations
22 I, 3. 4 | Available at: htt ~ ~Global Commission on International Migration (
23 II, 4. 1 | 50% by 2010, the European Commission introduced in 2004, under
24 II, 4. 1 | Spring European Council, the Commission emphasised that increasing
25 II, 4. 1 | people into employment (Commission of the European Communities,
26 II, 4. 1 | across other sectors in the Commission. It is also worth noting
27 II, 4. 1 | Several services of the Commission (DG Heath and Consumers
28 II, 4. 3 | Report 45(11-Sup 2): 1-80.~ ~Commission of the European Communities (
29 II, 4. 3 | Communities (2005): 2005 Commission Communication to the Spring
30 II, 5. 2. 5 | called upon the European Commission as well as the Member States
31 II, 5. 2. 5 | support of the European Commission, the World Health Organization (
32 II, 5. 3. 2 | addresses to the European Commission Network of Competent Authorities
33 II, 5. 3. 2 | is funded by the European Commission to address inequalities
34 II, 5. 3. 2 | subsidized by the European Commission and started in 2005, involves
35 II, 5. 3. 7 | calls on the Council and Commission to formulate a comprehensive
36 II, 5. 3. 7 | committee has now called on the Commission to set up a EU Cancer Task
37 II, 5. 4. 2 | funded by the European Commission, has delivered a short-list
38 II, 5. 4. 6 | health policies.~The European Commission, through this program, has
39 II, 5. 4. 6 | 2006, urged the European Commission and the European Council
40 II, 5. 4. 6 | future work of the European Commission.~· The Council of the European
41 II, 5. 4. 6 | professionals.~ ~To the European Commission:~ ~· Identifying diabetes
42 II, 5. 4. 7 | projects funded by the European Commission. In the field of diabetes,
43 II, 5. 5.Int | health problem (European Commission 2003), which range from
44 II, 5. 5.Int(8) | European Commission (2004): The State of Mental
45 II, 5. 5.Int | Organisation and the European Commission. One in four people suffer
46 II, 5. 5.Int(20)| European Commission (2004): Action for Mental
47 II, 5. 5.Int | Conference on Mental Health. The Commission was invited to support the
48 II, 5. 5.Int | In 2005, the European Commission launched a Green Paper on '
49 II, 5. 5.Int | December 2006 the European Commission issued a report on the responses
50 II, 5. 5. 1 | prepared in 2004 by the Commission. The expert group identified
51 II, 5. 5. 1 | of depression (European Commission, 2004a)~ ~The most recent
52 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental health activity of the Commission was the introduction of
53 II, 5. 5. 1 | combating stigma (European Commission, 2008). The next steps of
54 II, 5. 5. 1 | The next steps of the Commission will be based on both these
55 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorders and suicides (European Commission, 2004b):~ ~Mental health
56 II, 5. 5. 1 | co-funded by the European Commission Public Health Programmes~·
57 II, 5. 5. 1 | 31(2):247-69.~ ~European Commission (2008). European Pact for
58 II, 5. 5. 1 | Health. Brussels: European Commission, 2008. Available at: htt ~ ~
59 II, 5. 5. 1 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2004a). Action for Mental
60 II, 5. 5. 1 | STAKES, 2004.~ ~European Commission (2004b). Actions against
61 II, 5. 5. 2(24)| financed by the European Commission with additional funding
62 II, 5. 5. 3 | the future, the European Commission should support activities
63 II, 5. 5. 3 | the Green paper (European Commission, 2005) and the WHO Helsinki
64 II, 5. 5. 3 | available by the WHO and the EU Commission. The papers reflected the
65 II, 5. 5. 3 | country stories (European Commission, 2006a)~· Mental Health
66 II, 5. 5. 3 | 7-8):196-206.~European Commission (2005): Green Paper. Improving
67 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~European Commission (2006): Report and Recommendations
68 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~European Commission (2006a): Mental health promotion
69 II, 5. 5. 3 | Declaration in which it urged the Commission to fully support any effort
70 II, 5. 5. 3 | project approved by the Commission the previous year began
71 II, 5. 5. 3 | Task Forces of the European Commission, and although some conditions
72 II, 5. 5. 3 | antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)(Commission, 1993). Epilepsy in remission
73 II, 5. 5. 3 | the time of ascertainment (Commission, 1993). These cases add
74 II, 5. 5. 3 | more unprovoked seizures (Commission, 1993). An unprovoked seizure
75 II, 5. 5. 3 | of treatment with AEDs (Commission, 1993). Intractable epilepsy
76 II, 5. 5. 3 | classification categories (Commission, 1989). Special syndromes (
77 II, 5. 5. 3 | Committee.~The Public Education Commission of the IBE produced a policy
78 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2003). The ILAE Employment Commission recommends a non-discriminatory
79 II, 5. 5. 3 | Neurosurg Psychiatry 58:570-576.~Commission on Classification and Terminology
80 II, 5. 5. 3 | syndromes. Epilepsia 30:389-399.~Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis,
81 II, 5. 5. 3 | Sclerosis funded by the European Commission (Confavreux et al, 1992;
82 II, 5. 5. 3 | governments and the European Commission to an independent monitoring
83 II, 5. 5. 3 | Parliament, the European Commission and the German Health Minister
84 II, 5. 5. 3 | Agency (EMEA), the European Commission’s Health Policy Forum, and
85 II, 5. 5. 3 | forward by WHO or the European Commission for people with Parkinson’
86 II, 5. 5. 3 | project funded by the European Commission, 2001-2004 (htt . EuroPa
87 II, 5. 6. 2 | Joint Decade, 2003 (European Commission (2003): Indicators for Monitoring
88 II, 5. 6. 2 | Decade, Lund 2005 (European Commission (2004): European Action
89 II, 5. 6. 3 | participation (European Commission (2004): European Action
90 II, 5. 6. 3 | this disability (European Commission (2004): European Action
91 II, 5. 6. 3 | 1987 ACR criteria (European Commission (2003): Indicators for Monitoring
92 II, 5. 6. 3 | this disability (European Commission (2004): European Action
93 II, 5. 6. 4 | Norway, 1994. (European Commission (2003): Indicators for Monitoring
94 II, 5. 6. 4 | Table 5.6.12). (European Commission (2003): Indicators for Monitoring
95 II, 5. 6. 5 | Musculoskeletal Health (European Commission (2004): European Action
96 II, 5. 6. 6 | at URL: htt fm~European Commission (1998): Report on Osteoporosis
97 II, 5. 6. 6 | at URL: htt ~ ~European Commission (2003): Indicators for Monitoring
98 II, 5. 6. 6 | at URL: htt ~ ~European Commission (2004): European Action
99 II, 5. 6. 6 | at URL: htt ~ ~European Commission (2007): Health in the European
100 II, 5. 7. 5 | to a Parliamentary Health Commission. Unfortunately, the plan
101 II, 5. 7. 5 | systems. The NHS Healthcare Commission monitors quality improvement
102 II, 5. 7. 5 | co-funded by the European Commission whose aim is to give assistance
103 II, 5. 7. 6 | Programme of the European Commission, will help making these
104 II, 5. 9. 2 | Network funded by the European Commission's 6th Framework Programme
105 II, 5. 9. 5 | funded by the European Commission's 6th Framework Programme
106 II, 5. 10.Acr | Acronyms~ ~ ~EC~European Commission~ECRHS~European Community
107 II, 5. 10. 2 | funding from the European Commission (Communicating about Food
108 II, 5. 10. 2 | consultations between the Commission and Member States of the
109 II, 5. 10. 2 | study funded by the European Commission (EC) aimed to compare the
110 II, 5. 10. 2 | Allergies on a request from the Commission relating to the evaluation
111 II, 5. 10. 5 | Directive 2000/13/EC (European Commission, 2000) setting the general
112 II, 5. 10. 5 | consumer, was amended by Commission Directive 2003/89/EC (European
113 II, 5. 10. 5 | Directive 2003/89/EC (European Commission, 2003) as regards the indication
114 II, 5. 10. 5 | Directive 2000/13/EC (European Commission, 2000), which meant that
115 II, 5. 10. 5 | addition, Annex IIIa of Commission Directive 2003/89/EC (European
116 II, 5. 10. 5 | Directive 2003/89/EC (European Commission, 2003) specifies a list
117 II, 5. 10. 5 | risk for allergic peoples, Commission Directive 2003/89/EC establishes,
118 II, 5. 10. 5 | ingredients or substances. Commission Directive 2005/26/EC establishing
119 II, 5. 10. 5 | exempted was adopted by the Commission on 21st March 2005, following
120 II, 5. 10. 5 | result of this process, the Commission has recently adopted Directive
121 II, 5. 10. 7 | 61,1336-1343.~ ~European Commission (2000): Directive 2000/13/
122 II, 5. 10. 7 | 29–42.~htt ~ ~European Commission (2003): Directive 2003/89/
123 II, 5. 10. 7 | 15–18.~htt ~ ~European Commission (2005): Commission Directive
124 II, 5. 10. 7 | European Commission (2005): Commission Directive 2005/26/EC of
125 II, 5. 10. 7 | 33–34.~htt ~ ~European Commission (2007): Commission Directive
126 II, 5. 10. 7 | European Commission (2007): Commission Directive 2007/68/EC of
127 II, 5. 10. 7 | Allergies on a request from the Commission relating to the evaluation
128 II, 5. 11. 5 | Health Plan of the European Commission that puts a lot of emphasis
129 II, 5. 11. 5 | Moreover, the European Commission has launched an information
130 II, 5. 11. 5 | information campaign, the Commission is also seeking to remind
131 II, 5. 13 | and diet culture (European Commission, 2003).~ ~Excess body weight
132 II, 5. 13 | the European Union (EU) (Commission of the European Communities,
133 II, 5. 13 | the rising obesity trends (Commission of the European Communities,
134 II, 5. 14. 5 | surveillance. The European Commission Health Monitoring Programme
135 II, 5. 14. 5 | recent years, the European Commission has supported the development
136 II, 5. 15. 1 | recognised by the European Commission as well as by several countries;
137 II, 5. 15. 3 | condition. The European Commission's DG Enterprise and Industry
138 II, 5. 15. 4 | diagnose rare diseases. Commission Regulation No 847/2000 of
139 II, 5. 15. 4 | medicinal products (European Commission, 2007), amending Directive
140 II, 5. 15. 4 | published in 2006 (European Commission, 2006). This second publication
141 II, 5. 15. 4 | advising and assisting the Commission in discussions on orphan
142 II, 5. 15. 4 | November 2008, the European Commission also adopted a Communication
143 II, 5. 15. 4 | Communication, the European Commission prepared a proposal for
144 II, 5. 15. 4 | indicated above.~ ~The European Commission issued in November 2008
145 II, 5. 15. 6 | Winter;23(1):36-42~European Commission (2006): Inventory of Community
146 II, 5. 15. 6 | 12.05.2007).~ ~European Commission (2007): Regulation (EC)
147 II, 6. 3. 6 | besides the ECDC, also the Commission, EFSA and WHO EURO are important
148 II, 6. 4. 1 | 6.4.1. Surveillance~ ~Commission Decision 2000/96/EC specifies
149 II, 6. 4. 2 | in Member States and the Commission on outbreaks with greater
150 II, 6. 4. 2 | action may be required (Commission Decision 2000/57/EC).~ ~
151 II, 6. 4. 2 | communicable diseases, the Commission has put in place an early
152 II, 6. 4. 2 | web-based system linking the Commission, the public health authorities
153 II, 6. 4. 2 | also been supporting the Commission by operating the IT tool.~
154 II, 6. 4. 2 | Member States an important Commission decision was taken on 19
155 II, 6. 4. 3 | during the SARS epidemic, the Commission has made several attempts
156 II, 6. 4. 3 | the EU Member States~ ~The Commission has addressed pandemic preparedness
157 II, 6. 4. 3 | anti-viral drugs.~ ~The Commission also supports a number of
158 II, 6. 4. 3 | Agency.~ ~Furthermore, the Commission organised in 2005 two scenario
159 II, 6. 4. 4 | Control. The ECDC assists the Commission in running the operation
160 II, 7.Acr | Years~DG Sanco~European Commission Directorate General for
161 II, 7.Acr | Consumers~DG Tren~European Commission Directorate-General for
162 II, 7.Acr | and Transport~EC~European Commission~ECHI~European Community
163 II, 7. 1 | a Communication from the Commission of 2006. In order to assist
164 II, 7. 2. 5 | DG-TREN of the European Commission. The objective of the project
165 II, 7. 4. 4 | well as within the European Commission strategy for health promotion.
166 II, 7. 4. 5 | Community-wide (European Commission, 2006).~ ~Valuable information
167 II, 7. 4. 6 | October 2005, the European Commission published a Green Paper
168 II, 7. 4. 6 | foreseen in this area (European Commission, 2006).~ ~In the general
169 II, 7. 4. 7 | conditions in society (European Commission, 2006).~ ~No single factor
170 II, 7. 5 | health response, the European Commission has developed a strategic
171 II, 7. 5 | Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament
172 II, 7. 5 | Member States (European Commission, 2006). The Communication
173 II, 7. 5 | advisors.~ ~Accordingly, the Commission is requested to support
174 II, 7. 5 | series of projects, the Commission has developed the outlines
175 II, 7. 5 | Member States and within the Commission, (e.g. Transport, Employment,
176 II, 7. 5 | their data questions.~ ~The Commission assists these developments
177 II, 7. 5 | and with support from the Commission, e.g. by means of the Public
178 II, 7. 7 | 32007H0718).~ ~European Commission (2006): Communication from
179 II, 7. 7 | Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament
180 II, 8. 1. 5 | disability strategy2 the Commission promotes initiatives at
181 II, 8. 1. 5 | disabilities.~The European Commission along with 22 Member States
182 II, 8. 1. 5 | disabilities.~The European Commission adopted on 30th of October
183 II, 8. 1. 5 | consolidating the European Commission's analytical capacity to
184 II, 9 | educated mothers (European Commission, 2003). Poor health behaviour
185 II, 9 | for both sexes (European Commission, 2003). In conducting the
186 II, 9 | more days a week (European Commission, 2005b). Across all countries
187 II, 9. 1. 2 | comes from the European Commission’s Directorate General for
188 II, 9. 2. 1 | within which the European Commission can promote its own declared
189 II, 9. 2. 2 | the year 2000 the European commission funded the public health
190 II, 9. 2. 2 | health for the European Commission and the World Health Organisation,
191 II, 9. 2. 2 | progressed. Prior to that, the Commission had produced in 2000 a Report
192 II, 9. 2. 2 | important. (see:~www ~ ~European Commission: The Commission has an interest
193 II, 9. 2. 2 | European Commission: The Commission has an interest in children
194 II, 9. 2. 2 | health impacts. Such DGs commission and publish periodic reports
195 II, 9. 2. 2 | to assess public views on Commission services, it can now be
196 II, 9. 2. 2 | More recently the European Commission has collaborated with the
197 II, 9. 2. 2 | adulthood.~ ~The European Commission has sponsored important
198 II, 9. 2. 3 | and within the European Commission the DAPHNE programme is
199 II, 9. 2. 3 | except Finland (European Commission, 2003), although in November
200 II, 9. 2. 3 | year by 400 000 (European Commission, 2006d). Recent estimates
201 II, 9. 2. 3 | societal significance (European Commission, 2005a). It is also important
202 II, 9. 2. 3 | time of need. The European Commission has now published a Green
203 II, 9. 2. 3 | long way to go (European Commission, 2006c).~ ~Feelings of wellbeing
204 II, 9. 2. 4 | educated mothers (European Commission, 2003). Poor health behaviour
205 II, 9. 2. 4 | for both sexes (European Commission, 2003). In conducting the
206 II, 9. 2. 4 | more days a week (European Commission, 2005b). Across all countries
207 II, 9. 2. 5 | context in which the European Commission is able to provide scientific
208 II, 9. 2. 5 | by children. The European Commission acknowledges this and notes
209 II, 9. 2. 5 | and malaria. The European Commission has recently adopted the
210 II, 9. 2. 5 | young people, the European Commission issued a Communication “Tow ” (
211 II, 9. 2. 5 | Communication “Tow ” (European Commission, 2006a). The Communication
212 II, 9. 2. 5 | products.~ ~In addition, the Commission provides funding through
213 II, 9. 2. 5 | education.~ ~In 2000, the Commission reported on the health status
214 II, 9. 2. 5 | of young people (European Commission, 2000), but only those over
215 II, 9. 2. 5 | over the age of 15. The Commission’s 2005 Public Health Work
216 II, 9. 2. 5 | HIV/AIDS.~ ~The European Commission's Communication on the Rights
217 II, 9. 2. 5 | Rights of the Child (European Commission, 2006a) represents a formalised
218 II, 9. 2. 5 | formalised framework of the Commission's future work to protect
219 II, 9. 2. 5 | of obesity, the European Commission launched the EU Platform
220 II, 9. 2. 5 | Europe-wide action (European Commission, 2006b). A White Paper on
221 II, 9. 2. 5 | address these issues (European Commission, 2007) An assessment of
222 II, 9. 2. 5 | plan 2007-2010” (European Commission, 2004)~ ~
223 II, 9. 2. 6 | Hence, the recent European Commission thrust towards considering
224 II, 9. 2. 6 | suggested priorities for Commission action:~ ~· Measuring and
225 II, 9. 2. 7 | Directorate-General, European Commission, Luxembourg (in press):~ ~
226 II, 9. 2. 7 | Status. Eurostat/European Commission, Brussels~ ~European Agency
227 II, 9. 2. 7 | OpenDocument~ ~European Commission (2000): Report on the state
228 II, 9. 2. 7 | health in the EU. European Commission Services Working Paper.
229 II, 9. 2. 7 | February 2000~ ~European Commission (2003): The Health Status
230 II, 9. 2. 7 | Communities, Luxembourg~ ~European Commission (2004): Communication from
231 II, 9. 2. 7 | Communication from the Commission “The European Environment &
232 II, 9. 2. 7 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (2005a): Improving the mental
233 II, 9. 2. 7 | Union. Brussels~ ~European Commission (2005b): Green Paper - Promoting
234 II, 9. 2. 7 | diseases. Brussels~ ~European Commission (2006a): Communication from
235 II, 9. 2. 7 | Communication from the Commission “Towards an EU Strategy
236 II, 9. 2. 7 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (2006b): EU Platform on
237 II, 9. 2. 7 | accessed 26.11.06)~ ~European Commission (2006c): Green Paper - Improving
238 II, 9. 2. 7 | Luxembourg.~ ~European Commission (2006d): Health and Food,
239 II, 9. 2. 7 | November, 2006~ ~European Commission (2007): White Paper on A
240 II, 9. 2. 7 | data on health. European Commission, Luxembourg~ ~HBSC (2004):
241 II, 9. 3. 1 | working days lost) (European Commission, 2003). These accidents
242 II, 9. 3. 1 | disorders.~ ~The European Commission (European Commission 2004a)
243 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Commission (European Commission 2004a) found that between
244 II, 9. 3. 1 | susceptible as men (European Commission, 2004b). The impact on the
245 II, 9. 3. 1 | million people (European Commission 2003). The disease usually
246 II, 9. 3. 1 | 2003 report, the European Commission suggested that although
247 II, 9. 3. 1 | be around 20% (European Commission, 2003). Hypertension is
248 II, 9. 3. 1 | the age of 65 (European Commission, 2003). For both sexes of
249 II, 9. 3. 1 | mortality respectively (European Commission, 2003).~ ~Peripheral vascular
250 II, 9. 3. 1 | France and Greece (European Commission, 2003). The Netherlands
251 II, 9. 3. 1 | transplants in Europe (European Commission, 2003). The two main transmission
252 II, 9. 3. 1 | rather than AIDS) (European Commission, 2003), but 24,184 newly
253 II, 9. 3. 1 | severe disability (European Commission, 2003).~ ~Menopause~ ~Climateric.
254 II, 9. 3. 1 | Status. Eurostat/European Commission~ ~Doyal LA (1998): Draft
255 II, 9. 3. 1 | October 1998~ ~European Commission (2004a): The State of Mental
256 II, 9. 3. 1 | Directorate General, European Commission.~ ~EuroHIV (2006) : HIV/AIDS
257 II, 9. 3. 1 | accessed 08.07)~ ~European Commission (2003): The Health Status
258 II, 9. 3. 1 | Gap. Luxembourg~ ~European Commission (2004b): Expert Report ‘
259 II, 9. 3. 1 | Luxembourg~ ~European Commission (2006): Report on Equality
260 II, 9. 3. 1 | Office for Europe & European Commission (2002): Health status overview
261 II, 9. 3. 3 | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe~UNFPA~United
262 II, 9. 4. 1 | highlighted by the European Commission; accessibility, quality
263 II, 9. 4. 1 | sustainability (European Commission, 2003). Research stresses
264 II, 9. 4. 3 | mortality rate (European Commission, 2003). The ‘elderly index’ (
265 II, 9. 4. 3 | chronic disease (European Commission, 2003). The most common
266 II, 9. 4. 3 | and Luxembourg) (European Commission, 2003). The highest rates
267 II, 9. 4. 5 | after children (European Commission, 2003).~ ~Acute Geriatric
268 II, 9. 4. 5 | communication issued by the Commission in 1999 on ‘A Concerted
269 II, 9. 4. 5 | This report was based on a Commission Communication of December
270 II, 9. 4. 5 | European Council invited the Commission and the Council to examine
271 II, 9. 4. 5 | States. A joint report by the Commission and the Council on supporting
272 II, 9. 4. 5 | June 2007, the European Commission announced that it is going
273 II, 9. 4. 5 | in 2010, as the European Commission intends to extend this voluntary
274 II, 9. 4. 7 | Accessed 09.07.07]~ ~European Commission (2003): The Health Status
275 II, 9. 4. 7 | Gap. Luxembourg~ ~European Commission (2004): The State of Mental
276 II, 9. 5. 3 | those without (European Commission, 2006).~ ~Figure 9.5.2.
277 II, 9. 5. 3 | and allergies (European Commission, 2003). By contrast, males
278 II, 9. 5. 3 | educated mothers (European Commission, 2003). Education is also
279 II, 9. 5. 3 | associated with alcohol (European Commission, 2002).~ ~Fourteen per cent
280 II, 9. 5. 3 | associated with alcohol (European Commission, 2002). More complete and
281 II, 9. 5. 3 | April 2007 the European Commission launched their Strategy
282 II, 9. 5. 3 | and diet culture (European Commission, 2003).~ ~It is more commonly
283 II, 9. 5. 4 | death.~ ~ ~Much of European Commission public health strategy focuses
284 II, 9. 5. 4 | ordered by the European Commission as part of the Research
285 II, 9. 5. 4 | disaggregated per sex (European Commission, 2006).~ ~
286 II, 9. 5. 5 | in Europe and at European Commission level. Among the reasons
287 II, 9. 5. 6 | Status. Eurostat/European Commission~ ~Diabetes Prevention Program
288 II, 9. 5. 6 | accessed 07.07)~ ~European Commission (2002). Health statistics:
289 II, 9. 5. 6 | Communities. Luxembourg~ ~European Commission (2003): The Health Status
290 II, 9. 5. 6 | Gap. Luxembourg~ ~European Commission/Europe Against Cancer (2003):
291 II, 9. 5. 6 | accessed 07.07)~ ~European Commission (2004): Expert Report ‘Actions
292 II, 9. 5. 6 | depression’. Brussels~ ~European Commission (2006): Equality between
293 III, 10. 2. 1 | smoking (ERS 6; European Commission, 2003).~In 1990–1994, the
294 III, 10. 2. 1 | now unavailable (European Commission, 2007).~ ~The European Commission
295 III, 10. 2. 1 | Commission, 2007).~ ~The European Commission is in the process of reviewing
296 III, 10. 2. 1 | present and future. European Commission, DG Health and Consumer
297 III, 10. 2. 1 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (2003): European Opinion
298 III, 10. 2. 1 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (2004), ASPECT Consortium
299 III, 10. 2. 1 | present and future. European Commission, DG Health and Consumer
300 III, 10. 2. 1 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2007): SCENHIR – Health
301 III, 10. 2. 1 | Preliminary Report. European Commission, 2007. Available at:~htt ~ ~
302 III, 10. 2. 1 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (2008): SCENHIR – Health
303 III, 10. 2. 1 | Preliminary Report. European Commission, 2007. Available at: http://
304 III, 10. 2. 1 | Preliminary Report. European Commission, 2007~Warren CW, Jones NR,
305 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2006) are:.~ ~European Commission~ ~· Updated country profiles
306 III, 10. 2. 1 | co-financed by the European Commission (http://www.ias.org.uk/btg/
307 III, 10. 2. 1 | Frontiers Directive~http ~ ~Commission Recommendation on maximum
308 III, 10. 2. 1 | adolescents, 2001~http ~ ~European Commission Road Safety Action Programme
309 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003-2010~http ~ ~European Commission Communication on EU alcohol
310 III, 10. 2. 1 | Report to the European Commission. London: Institute of Alcohol
311 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Union, European Commission, Luxembourg.~
312 III, 10. 2. 1 | Responses to the European Commission’s discussion paper for a
313 III, 10. 2. 1 | on behalf of the European Commission in all member States of
314 III, 10. 2. 1 | brisk walking (European Commission, 2000a). It has been estimated
315 III, 10. 2. 1 | cycling and walking (European Commission, 2000b).~ ~In addition to
316 III, 10. 2. 1 | years by both the European Commission and WHO. Some documents
317 III, 10. 2. 1 | healthy-cities).~ ~European Commission~ ~In 2005, the EU launched
318 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity and health (European Commission, 2005a). Under the leadership
319 III, 10. 2. 1 | leadership of the European Commission, the platform brings together
320 III, 10. 2. 1 | leadership of the European Commission and to provide an example,
321 III, 10. 2. 1 | health issues (European Commission, 2007a). The White Paper
322 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic diseases (European Commission, 2005b, RIVM, 2006)). The
323 III, 10. 2. 1 | this goal.~ ~The European Commission is preparing an Action Plan,
324 III, 10. 2. 1 | Urban Mobility (European Commission, 2007b).~ ~The European
325 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2007b).~ ~The European Commission has also published a White
326 III, 10. 2. 1 | an Action Plan (European Commission, 2007d), which addresses
327 III, 10. 2. 1 | 25(2):100–104.~ ~European Commission (2000a): EU Transport in
328 III, 10. 2. 1 | pocketbook. Brussels, European Commission Directorate-General for
329 III, 10. 2. 1 | and Transport.~ ~European Commission (2000b): WalCyng: How to
330 III, 10. 2. 1 | safer. Brussels.~ ~European Commission (2005a): EU platform on
331 III, 10. 2. 1 | health. Brussels, European Commission, Directorate-General for
332 III, 10. 2. 1 | Protection. [ht ~ ~European Commission (2005b): Green Paper. Promoting
333 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic diseases. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities (
334 III, 10. 2. 1 | 637 final.~[ht ~ ~European Commission (2007a): White Paper on
335 III, 10. 2. 1 | health issues. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities. [ht ~ ~
336 III, 10. 2. 1 | Communities. [ht ~ ~European Commission (2007b): GREEN PAPER “Towards
337 III, 10. 2. 1 | mobility_en.pdf]~ ~European Commission (2007c): WHITE PAPER ON
338 III, 10. 2. 1 | sport_en.pdf]~ ~European Commission (2007d): COMMISSION STAFF
339 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Commission (2007d): COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT ACTION
340 III, 10. 2. 1 | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe~ ~ ~
341 III, 10. 2. 1 | the European Union (EU) (Commission of the European Communities,
342 III, 10. 2. 1 | the rising obesity trends (Commission of the European Communities,
343 III, 10. 2. 1 | disability-adjusted life years) lost (Commission of the European Communities,
344 III, 10. 2. 1 | over the world (European Commission, 2005). The main agents
345 III, 10. 2. 1 | years by both the European Commission and the WHO:~ ~· WHO Consultation
346 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity and health (European Commission, 2005a). This Platform brings
347 III, 10. 2. 1 | leadership of the European Commission and to provide an example,
348 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic diseases (European Commission, 2005b; RIVM, 2006)~· The
349 III, 10. 2. 1 | Health Issues” (European Commission, 2007)~· Second WHO European
350 III, 10. 2. 1 | obesity-related health issues~ ~The Commission will collaborate with the
351 III, 10. 2. 1 | White Paper of the European Commission (Commission of the European
352 III, 10. 2. 1 | the European Commission (Commission of the European Communities,
353 III, 10. 2. 1 | effective societal response” (Commission of the European Communities,
354 III, 10. 2. 1 | Overweight and Obesity' (European Commission, 2007), which stresses the
355 III, 10. 2. 1 | in the recently published Commission White Paper … the Council
356 III, 10. 2. 1 | the Council invites the Commission to come forward with a proposal
357 III, 10. 2. 1 | keeping with the European Commission's commitment to better legislation,
358 III, 10. 2. 1 | of representatives of the Commission services concerned.~ ~Since
359 III, 10. 2. 1 | risk to consumers.~ ~The Commission establishes and maintains
360 III, 10. 2. 1 | specific directives or by Commission Directive 2001/15/EC (European
361 III, 10. 2. 1 | Directive 2001/15/EC (European Commission, 2001) and Commission Directive
362 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Commission, 2001) and Commission Directive 2006/34/EC (European
363 III, 10. 2. 1 | Directive 2006/34/EC (European Commission, 2006).~ ~
364 III, 10. 2. 1 | it is stated that “the Commission will carry out a review
365 III, 10. 2. 1 | achievement of the objectives” (Commission of the European Communities,
366 III, 10. 2. 1 | Health 48:338–345.~ ~European Commission (2001): Directive 2001/15/
367 III, 10. 2. 1 | 32001L0015:EN:HTML]~ ~European Commission (2005a): EU platform on
368 III, 10. 2. 1 | health. Brussels, European Commission, Directorate-General for
369 III, 10. 2. 1 | October 2007).~ ~European Commission (2005b): Green Paper. Promoting
370 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic diseases. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities (
371 III, 10. 2. 1 | 637 final.~[ht ~ ~European Commission (2006): Directive 2006/34/
372 III, 10. 2. 1 | 0014:01:EN:HTML]~ ~European Commission (2007): White Paper on strategy
373 III, 10. 2. 1 | health issues. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities. [ht ] (
374 III, 10. 2. 1 | the European Community. Commission of the European Communities,
375 III, 10. 2. 1 | Suppl 2: S1-S3.~ ~European Commission (2005): Promoting healthy
376 III, 10. 2. 1 | fork statistics. European Commission. Agriculture and Fisheries.
377 III, 10. 2. 4 | Protection~ ~of the European Commission~DNA~Deoxyribonucleic Acid~
378 III, 10. 2. 4 | the revised EC Treaty. The Commission and the European Parliament
379 III, 10. 3. 1 | Noise Directive (European Commission, 2002), exposure to noise
380 III, 10. 3. 1 | activities to the European Commission. However, it does not give
381 III, 10. 3. 1 | radiation, the European Commission issued a Recommendation (
382 III, 10. 3. 1 | objectives. In 2004, the Commission published a report assessing
383 III, 10. 3. 1 | collected and published by the Commission and according to the directive,
384 III, 10. 3. 1 | according to the directive, the Commission shall set up a database
385 III, 10. 3. 1 | EEA, Copenhagen.~European Commission (2002): Noise directive (htt )~
386 III, 10. 3. 2 | Action Program~EC~European Commission~ECB~European Chemicals Bureau~
387 III, 10. 3. 2 | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe~UNEP~United Nations
388 III, 10. 3. 2 | authorities and European Commission Services.~ ~· European Chemicals
389 III, 10. 3. 2 | report from the European commission, EU countries have "further
390 III, 10. 3. 2 | to the public (European Commission, 2007).~ ~Globalisation
391 III, 10. 3. 2 | The United Kingdom Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution
392 III, 10. 3. 2 | Mercury strategy (European Commission, 2005), and UNEPs Global
393 III, 10. 3. 2 | IPPC) Directive (European Commission, 1996), through the application
394 III, 10. 3. 2 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (1996): COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
395 III, 10. 3. 2 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2007): Report from the
396 III, 10. 3. 2 | 2007): Report from the Commission on the Application in the
397 III, 10. 3. 2 | Register (htt ~ ~European Commission (2005): Communication from
398 III, 10. 3. 2 | Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European
399 III, 10. 3. 2 | Environment 318: 1-43.~ ~Royal Commission for Environmental Pollution (
400 III, 10. 3. 2 | and human health.~ ~Royal Commission for Environmental Pollution (
401 III, 10. 3. 2 | Special report of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution,
402 III, 10. 3. 2 | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2003):
403 III, 10. 3. 4 | 2006). The 2005 European Commission’s Communication "Winning
404 III, 10. 3. 4 | and requested the European Commission to deepen its analysis.
405 III, 10. 3. 4 | to this request (European Commission, 2007).~ ~The EU is projected
406 III, 10. 3. 4 | October 2005. The European Commission has since come forward with
407 III, 10. 3. 4 | Verlag, Darmstadt.~ ~European Commission, 2007~Ahern et al (xxxx)~
408 III, 10. 4. 1 | Action Program~EC~European Commission~EC4MACS~European Consortium
409 III, 10. 4. 1 | authorities and the European Commission Services.~ ~WHO EURO, within
410 III, 10. 4. 1 | consortia.~ ~· European Commission : ht CAFE CBA: htt WHO: htt
411 III, 10. 4. 1 | made within the European Commission Clean Air For Europe (European
412 III, 10. 4. 1 | Air For Europe (European Commission, 2005d) programme found
413 III, 10. 4. 1 | listed pollutants (European Commission, 2005a; European Commission
414 III, 10. 4. 1 | Commission, 2005a; European Commission 2005b).~The air quality
415 III, 10. 4. 1 | information.~In 2001, the European Commission launched the Clean Air for
416 III, 10. 4. 1 | other pollutants (European Commission, 2005b).~Following the CAFE
417 III, 10. 4. 1 | the various scenarios, the Commission adopted in September 2005
418 III, 10. 4. 1 | still remain in 2020. The Commission also made it clear that
419 III, 10. 4. 1 | agriculture sectors.~ ~The Commission proposal is for a new directive (
420 III, 10. 4. 1 | the new www. ~ ~European Commission (2005a): Proposed Directive
421 III, 10. 4. 1 | August 2007)~ ~European Commission (2005b): Commission staff
422 III, 10. 4. 1 | European Commission (2005b): Commission staff working paper “Impact
423 III, 10. 4. 1 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission, Clean Air for Europe (CAFÉ) (
424 III, 10. 4. 1 | Access April 2005)~ ~European Commission (2005d): Science for Environment
425 III, 10. 4. 2 | limited resources within the Commission providing scientific support
426 III, 10. 4. 2 | In the White Paper, the Commission proposed a number of measures
427 III, 10. 4. 2 | EU institutions (European Commission, European Parliament and
428 III, 10. 4. 2 | therefore managed by the Commission but by an Executive Director,
429 III, 10. 4. 2 | coming from the European Commission, the European Parliament
430 III, 10. 4. 2 | immediately notified to the Commission under the RASFF. The Commission
431 III, 10. 4. 2 | Commission under the RASFF. The Commission immediately transmits this
432 III, 10. 4. 2 | shall immediately notify the Commission under the rapid alert system
433 III, 10. 4. 2 | have been harmonised in the Commission Directive 2002/6327,28~ ~
434 III, 10. 4. 2 | There are also a number of Commission regulations specifying in
435 III, 10. 4. 2 | selected contaminants:~ ~• Commission regulation (EC) 401/2006
436 III, 10. 4. 2 | mycotoxins in foodstuffs;~• Commission regulation (EC) 1882/2006
437 III, 10. 4. 2 | in certain foodstuffs;~• Commission regulation (EC) 333/2007
438 III, 10. 4. 2(28)| Commission Directive 2002/63/EC of
439 III, 10. 4. 2 | benzo(a)pyrene in foodstuffs; and~• Commission regulation (EC) 1883/2006
440 III, 10. 4. 2 | for further harmonisation. Commission regulation (EC) 1881/2006
441 III, 10. 4. 2 | regular reporting to the Commission but the frequency of testing
442 III, 10. 4. 2 | and zoonotic agents to the Commission each year. The revised Community
443 III, 10. 4. 2 | all parties involved, the Commission has adopted with the relevant
444 III, 10. 4. 2 | also been requested by the Commission to support the design, collation
445 III, 10. 4. 2 | the Member States to the Commission's Animal Disease Notification
446 III, 10. 4. 2 | EEC (as last amended by Commission Decision 2004/216/EC) makes
447 III, 10. 4. 2 | structured e-mail to the Commission; the information is then
448 III, 10. 4. 2 | for animal health and the Commission about outbreaks of these
449 III, 10. 4. 2 | enables Member States and Commission services to take coordinated
450 III, 10. 4. 2 | working day of each week.~Commission Decision 2005/176/EC (repealing
451 III, 10. 4. 2 | Regulation laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 2245/
452 III, 10. 4. 2 | Regulation (EC) No 2245/2003 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 214/2005,
453 III, 10. 4. 2 | an annual report to the Commission on the monitoring programme
454 III, 10. 4. 2 | be distributed within the Commission, to Member States, Bulgaria
455 III, 10. 4. 2 | years ago, the European Commission established the Rapid Alert
456 III, 10. 4. 2 | active consideration by the Commission. Interested third countries
457 III, 10. 4. 2 | measures were taken by the Commission to increase the level of
458 III, 10. 4. 2 | outbreaks to the European Commission and the European Food Safety
459 III, 10. 4. 2(34)| August 2006 the European Commission set targets for Member States
460 III, 10. 4. 2 | obtain authorisation by the Commission,.~• The existing legislation
461 III, 10. 4. 2 | imported from China (European Commission, 2006).~ ~Persistence, increasing
462 III, 10. 4. 2 | As a consequence, the EU Commission has set maximum levels for
463 III, 10. 4. 2 | April 2002, the European Commission informed via the Rapid Alert
464 III, 10. 4. 2 | website of the European Commission39.~ ~Currently, a high number
465 III, 10. 4. 2(38)| Commission of the European Communities:
466 III, 10. 4. 2 | reported to the European Commission on an annual basis as required
467 III, 10. 4. 2 | are covered. The European Commission has a food standards programme
468 III, 10. 4. 2 | possible. Therefore, the Commission will propose that MRLs for
469 III, 10. 4. 2 | approximately 240 pesticides, the Commission will review the temporary
470 III, 10. 4. 2 | Food Directive (European Commission 2006). This stipulates that,
471 III, 10. 4. 2(40)| Commission f the European Communities:
472 III, 10. 4. 2 | public health, the European Commission has established maximum
473 III, 10. 4. 2 | as spinach and lettuce. (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/
474 III, 10. 4. 2 | Community legislation.~ ~The Commission Communication 89/C271/03
475 III, 10. 4. 2 | EU. This led the European Commission to forcefully promote food
476 III, 10. 4. 2 | States and the European Commission to set EU-wide Maximum Residue
477 III, 10. 4. 2 | equations are calculated, the Commission asked EFSA (the PPR Panel)
478 III, 10. 4. 2 | substances from list 3 to the Commission and their relevant publication;~·
479 III, 10. 4. 2 | substances from list 4 to the Commission and their relevant publication.~ ~
480 III, 10. 4. 2 | procedure introduced by the Commission for substances withdrawn
481 III, 10. 4. 2 | questions from the European Commission, EFSA’s PRAPeR unit (self-tasking),
482 III, 10. 4. 2 | EFSA was asked by the Commission to review the latest draft
483 III, 10. 4. 2 | the Member States and the Commission.~ ~EU-level guidance on
484 III, 10. 4. 2 | responsibility of the European Commission and DG SANCO and also includes
485 III, 10. 4. 2 | with through established Commission procedures.41~A procedure
486 III, 10. 4. 2 | by EFSA and in European Commission, considering that emerging
487 III, 10. 4. 2 | managers such as the European Commission and EU Member States; and~·
488 III, 10. 4. 2 | Veterinary Office (FVO), a Commission service based in Ireland,
489 III, 10. 4. 2 | recommendations.~ ~Together with other Commission services, the FVO evaluates
490 III, 10. 4. 2 | animal or plant health, the Commission may take emergency or safeguard
491 III, 10. 4. 2 | satisfactory corrective action, the Commission may use the inspection report
492 III, 10. 4. 2 | an annual report to the Commission with information on the
493 III, 10. 4. 2(41)| Commission Decision 2004/478EC concerning
494 III, 10. 4. 2 | Luxembourg~Luxemburg~Food Safety Commission~Malta~Główny Inspektorat
495 III, 10. 4. 2 | 6. References~ ~European Commission (2002): Decision No. 178/
496 III, 10. 4. 2 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (2005): Decision No. 2073/
497 III, 10. 4. 2 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (1997): Regulation No. 258/
498 III, 10. 4. 2 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (1990): Decision No. 90/
499 III, 10. 4. 2 | Available at:~htt ~ ~European Commission (1997): Guidance Document
500 III, 10. 4. 2 | Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2001): Directive No. 2001/
