| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 1 | current output of about 7% of GDP in the EU15, larger
2 I, 2. 5 | in the last years down to 7%, the lowest level ever
3 I, 2. 6 | 2003 respectively to 71.7 millions in 2050. For all
4 I, 2. 7 | 2.7. Urbanisation~In 2008, for
5 I, 2. 9 | with a global average of 1.7 mm/year in the 20th century).
6 I, 2. 10. 4 | were reduced by 67% from 2.7% to 0.9% of prescriptions12.~ ~
7 I, 2. 10. 4 | Internet pharmacies. In 2006, 2.7 million items were seized
8 I, 2. 11 | Health Perspectives, 113(7), 823-839.~Rantanen J (1998):
9 I, 3. 2 | percentage diminished to 7 percent, i.e. it nearly
10 I, 3. 2 | Germany stands out with over 7 million immigrants (9% of
11 I, 3. 2 | also France (11%), the UK (7%), Poland ( 5%), Italy (
12 I, 3. 2 | million immigrants, i.e. over 7% of their population. Luxembourg
13 II, 4. 1 | elsewhere in the EU (6 to 7 years). For the future,
14 II, 4. 1 | 76.5 years to 84.0 years (7.5 years gap) for women.
15 II, 4. 1 | years to 24.1 years (13.7 years gap) for women, highlighting
16 II, 4. 1 | 13 years for men and over 7 years for women. Gaps in
17 II, 4. 1 | 14.5 years for men and 13.7 years for women, highlighting
18 II, 4. 1 | LE does. Thus Table 4.1.7 presents the values of life
19 II, 4. 1 | 5.2 years in the USA to 7 years in Japan. Finally,
20 II, 4. 2 | observed in the 1990s (2.7 years).~ ~Table 4.2.1 shows
21 II, 4. 2 | circulatory diseases (causes 6, 7 and 8 in table 3) has contributed
22 II, 4. 2 | table shows that for men in 7 out of the 13 selected countries
23 II, 4. 2 | effect was still negative in 7 out of the 13 countries.
24 II, 4. 2 | that for women.~ ~Table 4.2.7 shows the development of
25 II, 4. 2 | men and women.~ ~Table 4.2.7. Average annual change in
26 II, 5. 2. 3 | the rates vary from 42.7 deaths per 100.000 in France
27 II, 5. 2. 4 | examination surveys. Table 5.2.7 (htt b, 2007) provides the
28 II, 5. 2. 4 | 5.2 mmol/l, 6.2, 6.5 or 7.8) and difficulties in the
29 II, 5. 2. 4 | Chapter 8).~ ~Table 5.2.7. Estimated prevalence of
30 II, 5. 2. 6 | references can be found in 5.2.7)~Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney
31 II, 5. 2. 7 | 5.2.7. References~Allender S,
32 II, 5. 3. 5 | mortality rates (Figures 5.3.7) were estimated in Lithuania
33 II, 5. 3. 5 | Figures 5.3.5 and Figures 5.3.7). Stomach cancer incidence (
34 II, 5. 3. 6 | entire Europe increased from 7.5% in men diagnosed in 1983–
35 II, 5. 3. 8 | 5.3.7 Future developments~ ~In
36 II, 5. 3. 9 | third version. Ann Oncol 14(7):973-1005.~ ~Coleman MP,
37 II, 5. 4. 1 | a fasting plasma sample 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) and /
38 II, 5. 4. 1 | projection of 380 millions (7.3%) forecast for 2025. According
39 II, 5. 4. 1 | European Region is around 7.8% (about 48 million people),
40 II, 5. 4. 1 | worldwide prevalence of 7.5%, estimated to increase
41 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.7. Insurance/reimbursement
42 II, 5. 4. 2 | HbA1c tested, with HbA1c>7.5%~14~Percent of diabetic
43 II, 5. 4. 2 | above 6.1 mmol/l and below 7.0 mmol/l (fasting plasma
44 II, 5. 4. 2 | glucose 6,1 mmol/l and <7,0 mmol/l).~Measurement of
45 II, 5. 4. 2 | reported here.~Level of HbA1c>7.0% is an indicator of poor
46 II, 5. 4. 2 | and a value of HbA1c above 7.0%. This indicator is also
47 II, 5. 4. 3 | In 2006, approximately 8.7% of the adult (20-79 years)
48 II, 5. 4. 3 | mortality ranges between 7 (Luxembourg) and 199 (Portugal)
49 II, 5. 4. 3 | 2006) show results for 7 EU countries ranging between
50 II, 5. 4. 3 | Finland).~Level of HbA1c>7.0%. According to EUCID crude
51 II, 5. 4. 3 | OECD collected data on 7 EU countries, with retinal
52 II, 5. 4. 3 | and Scotland. A total of 7 countries reported values
53 II, 5. 4. 4 | median=3%) and IDF (median=8.7%) data is difficult to explain.
54 II, 5. 4. 7 | 5.4.7. Future developments~It
55 II, 5. 4. 8 | Diabetologia, 2002; 45(7): S5-12.~ ~Jonsson PM (2000),
56 II, 5. 4. 8 | Group Epidemiology.;4(5):421-7~Pruna S, Stanciu E, Macarie
57 II, 5. 4. 8 | Technol Inform. 2002;90:282-7.~Smi P (2007): Economics
58 II, 5. 5.Int | problems account for more than 7% of all estimated ill-health
59 II, 5. 5.Int | subjects range from 0.1% to 5.7%, whilst for bulimia it
60 II, 5. 5.Int | bulimia it ranges from 0.3% to 7.3% in women and from 0.1%
61 II, 5. 5.Int | 1% equivalent to some 3.7 million people. The disease
62 II, 5. 5. 1 | is given in Table 5.5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7. Age adjusted
63 II, 5. 5. 1 | Table 5.5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7. Age adjusted mortality
64 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.7. References~ ~Alzheimer
65 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.7. References~Alexander D,
66 II, 5. 5. 3 | and lifetime morbid risk 7.2 per 1000, respectively.
67 II, 5. 5. 3 | WHO Mental Health Report, 7 per 1000 suffer from schizophrenia
68 II, 5. 5. 3 | lifetime prevalence and 7.2 for lifetime morbidity
69 II, 5. 5. 3 | 1st and accounts for 13.7% of YLDs, followed by alcohol
70 II, 5. 5. 3 | the WHO European Region (7 per 1000) affected by schizophrenia
71 II, 5. 5. 3 | the disease burden, only 5.7% of the budget is allocated
72 II, 5. 5. 3 | Andlin-Sobocki (Figure 5.5.3.3.7), it can be assumed that
73 II, 5. 5. 3 | drug costs represented only 7% of the direct costs. Indirect
74 II, 5. 5. 3 | to F20-F29~Figure 5.5.3.2.7. Direct healthcare costs
75 II, 5. 5. 3 | Options” (2005) mentions 7 groups of disorders for
76 II, 5. 5. 3 | W Public Health Bull 13(7):155-8.~Andlin-Sobocki P, &
77 II, 5. 5. 3 | Gen Intern Med 21(11):1133-7.~Coodin S (2001): Body mass
78 II, 5. 5. 3 | Wien Klin Wochenschr 118 (7-8):196-206.~European Commission (
79 II, 5. 5. 3 | World Psychiatry 4(3):161-7.~Knapp M, McDaid D, Mossialos
80 II, 5. 5. 3 | Br J Psychiatry 153:214-7.~Spollen JJ (2003): The
81 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.2.7. Acronyms~ ~DALYs~Disability
82 II, 5. 5. 3 | sometime between ages 3 and 7. They often have good language
83 II, 5. 5. 3 | average finding of 6.6 and 6.7 per 1,000 eight-year-olds
84 II, 5. 5. 3 | children with autism cost £2.7 billion (Euros 3.8 billion)
85 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.3.7. Acronyms~ ~ASD~Autism Spectrum
86 II, 5. 5. 3 | features) occurred in 15% (8.7 per 100,000 per year), cryptogenic
87 II, 5. 5. 3 | epilepsies (idiopathic 1.7; symptomatic 13.6), 6.7
88 II, 5. 5. 3 | 7; symptomatic 13.6), 6.7 per 100,000 for generalized
89 II, 5. 5. 3 | epilepsy ranges from 3.2 to 7.8 per 1,000 (Table 5.5.3.
90 II, 5. 5. 3 | All ages ~MR review~333 ~7.6 ~Joensen, 1986 (*)~Estonia ~
91 II, 5. 5. 3 | Door-to-door survey ~43 ~7.7 ~de la Court et al., 1996 (*)~
92 II, 5. 5. 3 | Door-to-door survey ~43 ~7.7 ~de la Court et al., 1996 (*)~
93 II, 5. 5. 3 | community-based studies and 1.9-8.7 in institutionalised populations (
94 II, 5. 5. 3 | MF~Incident cohort~39~15.7~2.5~Lindsten et al., 2000~ ~
95 II, 5. 5. 3 | Cross-sectional~105~12.0~8.7~Alstrom, 1942 (*)~ ~NC/EC~
96 II, 5. 5. 3 | mortality, with a SMR between 7 and 50 (Forsgren, 2004).
97 II, 5. 5. 3 | of death (95% CI 3.8-22.7) compared with patients
98 II, 5. 5. 3 | causes) was 4.9 (95% CI 2.7-8.3) vs. 7.9 (95% CI 2.6-
99 II, 5. 5. 3 | 4.9 (95% CI 2.7-8.3) vs. 7.9 (95% CI 2.6-18.4) in non-surgical
100 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.4.7. Acronyms~ ~AED~Antiepileptic
101 II, 5. 5. 3 | 4.0 to 6.5) and severe (7.0 to 9.5).~Based on the
102 II, 5. 5. 3 | Netherlands) for severe MS (EDSS 7-9.5)~ ~Table 5.5.3.5.6.
103 II, 5. 5. 3 | Europe is reported in Table 7 Decreasing trends over time
104 II, 5. 5. 3 | 30 to 45.~ ~Table 5.5.3.5.7. Mortality (per 100 000)
105 II, 5. 5. 3 | services only represent 7% of total cost, explaining
106 II, 5. 5. 3 | assistance needed to walk 20 m; 7.0 to 9.5 refers to patients
107 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.5.7. References~ ~Bajenaru O,
108 II, 5. 5. 3 | multiple sclerosis. Lancet 7;268-277.~Ekestern E, Lebhart
109 II, 5. 5. 3 | population-based study. Mult Scler 7:111-117.~McGuigan C, McCarthy
110 II, 5. 5. 3 | 4.9/100.000, PSP: 2.5 to 7.5/100.000; CGD: 4.0/100.
111 II, 5. 5. 3 | due to PD resulting in €10.7 billion per year in Europe (
112 II, 5. 5. 3 | average cost per patient of €7,600.~ ~Figure 5.5.3.6.2.
113 II, 5. 5. 3 | PD was estimated at €10.7 billion in 2004 in EU25
114 II, 5. 5. 3 | by 2030 to results in 8.7 to 9.3 million (Dorsey et
115 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.6.7. References~Aarsland D,
116 II, 5. 5. 3 | individual. J Am Geriatr Soc 45(7):844-849.~ ~
117 II, 5. 6. 3 | was estimated to incur SEK 7.4 billion (Euro 690 million)
118 II, 5. 6. 3 | remission rates are only 5-7% with a median duration
119 II, 5. 6. 3 | the ratio varied from 1.7 to 4.0) .~ ~The incidence
120 II, 5. 6. 3 | considerable (Table 5.6.7).~ ~Table 5.6.7. Estimated
121 II, 5. 6. 3 | Table 5.6.7).~ ~Table 5.6.7. Estimated lifetime risks
122 II, 5. 6. 4 | musculoskeletal conditions was 0.7% of the gross national product.~ ~
123 II, 5. 7 | 5.7. Chronic kidney disease
124 II, 5. 7. 1 | 5.7.1. Introduction~ ~Chronic
125 II, 5. 7. 1 | population level.~ ~Figure 5.7.1. Development and progression
126 II, 5. 7. 1 | KDIGO) initiative (Tables 5.7.1 and 5.7.2). Data about
127 II, 5. 7. 1 | initiative (Tables 5.7.1 and 5.7.2). Data about CKD in children
128 II, 5. 7. 1 | GFR cut-offs.~ ~Table 5.7.1. KDIGO Definition of Chronic
129 II, 5. 7. 1 | kidney damage~ ~ ~ ~ ~Table 5.7.2. Current CKD Classification
130 II, 5. 7. 2 | 5.7.2. Data sources~ ~ ~The
131 II, 5. 7. 3 | 5.7.3. Data description and
132 II, 5. 7. 3 | corresponding figure was 7.7 cases /year pmarp (<30
133 II, 5. 7. 3 | corresponding figure was 7.7 cases /year pmarp (<30 ml/
134 II, 5. 7. 3 | in children aged 0-14 was 7.1 patients pmarp (Table
135 II, 5. 7. 3 | patients pmarp (Table 5.7.3).~ ~Adults~ ~CKD incidence
136 II, 5. 7. 3 | incidence rate of 3-5 CKD was 7.8 per 1000 patients x years (
137 II, 5. 7. 3 | pmp in Portugal (Table 5.7.4 and Table 5.7.5). Just
138 II, 5. 7. 3 | Table 5.7.4 and Table 5.7.5). Just like prevalence,
139 II, 5. 7. 3 | than in females (Table 5.7.3). Whereas incidence rates
140 II, 5. 7. 3 | diabetic ESRD.~ ~Table 5.7.3. Incidence of RRT over
141 II, 5. 7. 3 | renal failure.~ ~Table 5.7.4. Incidence of RRT over
142 II, 5. 7. 3 | period per country~ ~Table 5.7.5. Incidence of RRT over
143 II, 5. 7. 3 | by more than 50% (Table 5.7.3). This was primarily due
144 II, 5. 7. 3 | disproportionally affected (Table 5.7.7), may depend on the fact
145 II, 5. 7. 3 | disproportionally affected (Table 5.7.7), may depend on the fact
146 II, 5. 7. 3 | ml/min per 1.74 m2) of 74.7 cases pmarp (Ardissino et
147 II, 5. 7. 3 | related population (Table 5.7.7).~ ~Adults~ ~The prevalence
148 II, 5. 7. 3 | related population (Table 5.7.7).~ ~Adults~ ~The prevalence
149 II, 5. 7. 3 | as defined in Tables 5.7..1 and 5.7..2) in The Netherlands (
150 II, 5. 7. 3 | defined in Tables 5.7..1 and 5.7..2) in The Netherlands (
151 II, 5. 7. 3 | 2007) is shown in Figure 5.7.2.~ ~Figure 5.7.2. Prevalence
152 II, 5. 7. 3 | Figure 5.7.2.~ ~Figure 5.7.2. Prevalence of chronic
153 II, 5. 7. 3 | Hallan et al, 2006) to 7.2% (Germany) (Meisinger
154 II, 5. 7. 3 | 2005) in females (Figure 5.7.3), while higher figures
155 II, 5. 7. 3 | increased with age (Figure 5.7.4).~ ~Figure 5.7.3. Prevalence
156 II, 5. 7. 3 | Figure 5.7.4).~ ~Figure 5.7.3. Prevalence of stages
157 II, 5. 7. 3 | EUGLOREH countries.~ ~Figure 5.7.4. Sex and age specific
158 II, 5. 7. 3 | pmp in Germany (Tables 5.7.6 A and B). It increased
159 II, 5. 7. 3 | compared to females (Table 5.7.7). Prevalence of RRT in
160 II, 5. 7. 3 | compared to females (Table 5.7.7). Prevalence of RRT in Europeans
161 II, 5. 7. 3 | USRDS ,2007).~ ~Table 5.7.6A. Prevalence of RRT over
162 II, 5. 7. 3 | 2005 by country.~ ~Table 5.7.6B. Prevalence of RRT over
163 II, 5. 7. 3 | 2005 by country.~ ~Table 5.7.7. Prevalence of RRT over
164 II, 5. 7. 3 | by country.~ ~Table 5.7.7. Prevalence of RRT over
165 II, 5. 7. 3 | period 1992-2005 (Table 5.7.7) the overall adjusted
166 II, 5. 7. 3 | period 1992-2005 (Table 5.7.7) the overall adjusted prevalence
167 II, 5. 7. 3 | age respectively (Table 5.7.8). Five-year mortality
168 II, 5. 7. 3 | et al, 2000).~ ~Table 5.7.8. 90-day, one-, two- and
169 II, 5. 7. 3 | disproportionally affected (Table 5.7.7), may depend on the fact
170 II, 5. 7. 3 | disproportionally affected (Table 5.7.7), may depend on the fact
171 II, 5. 7. 4 | 5.7.4. Risk factors~ ~Hypertension
172 II, 5. 7. 5 | 5.7.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
173 II, 5. 7. 6 | 5.7.6. Future developments~ ~
174 II, 5. 7. 7 | 5.7.7. References~American Diabetes
175 II, 5. 7. 7 | 5.7.7. References~American Diabetes
176 II, 5. 7. 7 | J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14(7 Suppl 2):S131-S138.~Chen
177 II, 5. 7. 7 | Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 19):2560-72.~
178 II, 5. 7. 7 | Soc Nephrol 2005 Jul;16(7):2134-40.~Levey AS, Bosch
179 II, 5. 7. 7 | Transplant 2001;16 Suppl 7:57-60~Lin J, Knight EL,
180 II, 5. 7. 7 | Dial Transplant 2006 Jul;21(7):1899-905.~Meisinger C,
181 II, 5. 7. 7 | Gen Intern Med 2007 Jul;22(7):1018-23.~Smith DH, Gullion
182 II, 5. 7. 7 | Soc Nephrol 2006 Jul;17(7):2034-47.~ ~
183 II, 5. 8. 3 | individuals was considered: the 7-year cumulative incidence
184 II, 5. 8. 3 | IBERPOC study, carried out in 7 geographical areas with
185 II, 5. 8. 3 | respectively to: mild 12.3 and 7.3%, moderate 4.5 and 2.2%,
186 II, 5. 8. 3 | stage II or higher at 10.7%. A doctor diagnosis of
187 II, 5. 8. 3 | moderate 5.3%, severe 0.7%, and very severe 0.1%) (
188 II, 5. 8. 3 | mild, 13.3 for moderate, 3.7 for severe and 0.6 for very
189 II, 5. 8. 3 | RI (RR = 2.2), MI (RR = 1.7), angina (RR = 1.7), fractures (
190 II, 5. 8. 3 | RR = 1.7), angina (RR = 1.7), fractures (RR = 1.6),
191 II, 5. 8. 3 | and rehabilitation) was 38.7 billion Euro, of which 4.
192 II, 5. 8. 3 | billion Euro, of which 4.7 were for ambulatory care,
193 II, 5. 8. 3 | were for ambulatory care, 2.7 for drugs, 2.9 for inpatient
194 II, 5. 8. 5 | sign were present (mild in 7.6%, moderate in 6.7% and
195 II, 5. 8. 5 | mild in 7.6%, moderate in 6.7% and severe in 5.9%). AL
196 II, 5. 8. 6 | long-term home care (26% vs 9.7%, p<0.05), but were much
197 II, 5. 8. 7 | 5.8.7. References~ ~ ~American
198 II, 5. 8. 7 | France. Value Health 2004; 7: 168-174.~ ~European Respiratory
199 II, 5. 8. 7 | co-morbidity. Respir Res 2006; 7: 109-116.~ ~Halbert RJ,
200 II, 5. 9. FB | teenagers ranges from 3.7% in Greece, to 16% in Finland
201 II, 5. 9. FB | and asthma reports 2007, 7:385-389.~ ~Story RE (2007):
202 II, 5. 9. 2 | rhino-conjunctivitis and atopic eczema in 6-7 and 13-15 years old were
203 II, 5. 9. 2 | 193 404 children aged 6–7 years from 66 centres in
204 II, 5. 9. 2 | 2004 (tables 5.9.5 to 5.9.7). Twenty studies have been
205 II, 5. 9. 3 | an earlier age at onset (7.8 vs 15.9 years, P 001)
206 II, 5. 9. 3 | centres, varying from from 3.7% in Greece to 32.2% in UK.
207 II, 5. 9. 3 | prevalence of current asthma of 2.7% for the seven AIRE countries (
208 II, 5. 9. 3 | prevalence in children, 14.7% in adolescents, while in
209 II, 5. 9. 3 | 11.2% in children of 6-7 years of age and 16.9% in
210 II, 5. 9. 3 | years of age), Romania (7%), Switzerland (9.1% in
211 II, 5. 9. 3 | more commonly in the 6–7 years of age-group than
212 II, 5. 9. 3 | of age-group: for the 6–7 years of age-group, two
213 II, 5. 9. 3 | for asthma amounts to €17.7 billion . As a chronic disease
214 II, 5. 9. 4 | median between centre 21.7%, 16.9% and 8.8%, respectively).
215 II, 5. 9. 4 | prevalence in males (35.7%) than in females (28.8%).
216 II, 5. 9. 4 | caused by grass pollen (12.7%), followed by house dust
217 II, 5. 9. 4 | silver birch pollen (7.9%) and cat epithelia (3.
218 II, 5. 9. 4 | lifetime asthma: 5.4% and 9.7% respectively, P <0.001;
219 II, 5. 9. 7 | 5.9.7. References~ ~Alfvén T (
220 II, 5. 9. 7 | Clin Exp Allergy 37:780-7.~ ~Bousquet PJ, Chinn S,
221 II, 5. 9. 7 | Survey. Eur Respir J, 1994, 7, 954-960~ ~Compalati E,
222 II, 5. 9. 7 | Immunol. 2003 Feb;111(2):402-7.~ ~De Marco R (2002): Incidence
223 II, 5. 10. 2 | experts participating in Task 7.2, 1998~ ~ ~Taking into
224 II, 5. 10. 3 | by apple and hazelnut (4.7%), strawberries (4.6%),
225 II, 5. 10. 7 | 5.10.7. References~ ~Asero R, Ballmer-Weber
226 II, 5. 10. 7 | Scientific Cooperation. Task 7.2 entitled “The occurrence
227 II, 5. 10. 7 | databases. Mol Nutr Food Res. 50(7):633-637):~ ~Gupta R, Sheikh
228 II, 5. 10. 7 | across Europe. Allergy 62 (7), 717–722.~ ~Rona R, Keil
229 II, 5. 10. 7 | Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jul;45(7):1116-22. Epub 2007 Jan
230 II, 5. 11. 3 | prevalence at 2 yrs of age=7%~Böhme M, et al~ ~Swedish
231 II, 5. 11. 3 | Lifetime prevalence=20.7%~Broberg A, et al~ ~Italian
232 II, 5. 11. 3 | 21.3% 1-year prevalence=6.7% Point prevalence=3.6%~Mortz
233 II, 5. 11. 3 | Europe~Point prevalence=1.7%~Cumulative incidence=2.
234 II, 5. 11. 3 | percentage positive for nickel (9.7%) were reported in the Danish
235 II, 5. 11. 3 | nickel and cobalt, whereas 7 (0.7%) had contact allergy
236 II, 5. 11. 3 | and cobalt, whereas 7 (0.7%) had contact allergy to
237 II, 5. 11. 3 | decreased significantly from 36.7% to 25.8% among German women
238 II, 5. 11. 3 | Research, 1998;290(10):523-7~The ESSCA Writing Group.
239 II, 5. 11. 3 | warrant medical care with 7.3%, 3.4% 8.9% and 3.8% in
240 II, 5. 11. 3 | enterprises (see also Chapter 7 on “Rare Diseases”).~ ~Skin
241 II, 5. 11. 3 | sites (84.2% BCC and 74.7% SCC) followed by the~trunk
242 II, 5. 11. 7 | 5.11.7. References~ ~Böhme M, Svensson
243 II, 5. 11. 7 | Derm Venereol 2001;81:193-7.~ ~Boyle P, Dorè JF, Autier
244 II, 5. 11. 7 | Venereol. 2005;19 (S1):1-7.~ ~Herd RM, Tidman MJ, Hunter
245 II, 5. 11. 7 | J Dermatol 1995;132:772-7.~ ~National Institute for
246 II, 5. 12. 3 | Europe, i.e. Portugal (38.7/100,000), Italy (35.0),
247 II, 5. 12. 3 | 2000-2002, Finland from 7.4 to 13.6, Ireland from
248 II, 5. 12. 3 | 6 to 8.9, Scotland from 7.8 to 20.3, Bulgaria from
249 II, 5. 12. 3 | rising, with an APC around +7% in men and +3% in women
250 II, 5. 12. 3 | around +9% in men and +7% in women from Scotland
251 II, 5. 12. 7 | 5.12.7. References~ ~Alter MJ,
252 II, 5. 13 | obesity accounts for up to 7% of health care costs and
253 II, 5. 13 | dealt with in Chapter 10.2.1.7 in view of the close connection
254 II, 5. 13 | references, see Chapter 10.2.1.7.~ ~ ~
255 II, 5. 14. 3 | social interaction, while 18·7% worried a great deal about
256 II, 5. 14. 7 | 5.14.7. Future developments~ ~Access
257 II, 5. 14. 8 | Bourgeois D.M., Llodra JC., pp. 7-17. Quintessence Publishing
258 II, 5. 15. 6 | Med. 2006 Feb 2;354(5):445-7.~Holzman NA (1978): Rare diseases,
259 II, 5. 15. 6 | 37(1):46-9. Epub 2006 Jul 7.~McCabe C, Claxton K, Tsuchiya
260 II, 6. 3. 1 | increasing to around 7.2 billion € when the two
261 II, 6. 3. 1 | million, to rotavirus € 21.7 million and to salmonellosis €
262 II, 6. 3. 2 | an intensive care unit, 7.2% acquired pneumonia, and
263 II, 6. 3. 3 | have shown that between 1.7% and 17% of women with no
264 II, 6. 3. 3 | 000), followed by Latvia (7.37 per 100 000). Incidence
265 II, 6. 3. 3 | increased steadily from 7.0 per 100 000 per year in
266 II, 6. 3. 3 | 000 per year in 2001, to 7.9 per 100 000 per year in
267 II, 6. 3. 4 | male to female ratio, 1.7:1). Cases aged over 64 accounted
268 II, 6. 3. 6 | better reporting (Figure 6.7). The most affected age
269 II, 6. 3. 6 | tetracycline.~ ~Figure 6.7. Campylobacteriosis trends
270 II, 6. 3. 6 | 2001. In 2005, a total of 7 425 human shigellosis cases
271 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7. Other diseases of zoonotic
272 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7.1. Summary~ ~This is a very
273 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7.2. Diseases present in Europe~ ~
274 II, 6. 3. 7 | 6.3.7.3. Mainly imported diseases~ ~
275 II, 7 | 7.~ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES
276 II, 7. 1 | 7.1. Introduction~ ~Injuries (
277 II, 7. 2 | 7.2. Data sources~ ~ ~Governments
278 II, 7. 2. 1 | 7.2.1. Data on causes of death (
279 II, 7. 2. 2 | 7.2.2. Data on Hospital discharges~ ~
280 II, 7. 2. 3 | 7.2.3. CARE (Community Road
281 II, 7. 2. 4 | 7.2.4. ESAW (European Statistics
282 II, 7. 2. 5 | 7.2.5. IRTAD (International
283 II, 7. 2. 6 | 7.2.6. EU Injury Database (
284 II, 7. 2. 7 | 7.2.7. Injury Statistics Portal
285 II, 7. 2. 7 | 7.2.7. Injury Statistics Portal
286 II, 7. 2. 8 | 7.2.8. Surveys~ ~Household
287 II, 7. 2. 9 | 7.2.9. Other studies and projects~ ~
288 II, 7. 3 | 7.3. Data analysis and presentation~ ~
289 II, 7. 3. 1 | 7.3.1. Comprehensive View
290 II, 7. 3. 1 | The figures given in Table 7.1 are based on a data model
291 II, 7. 3. 1 | injuries (CVI) in Table 7.1. Comprehensive view of
292 II, 7. 3. 1 | 252 000 Fatal Injuries~- 7 000 000 Hospital Admissions~-
293 II, 7. 3. 1 | fatal injuries but only for 7% of non-fatal injuries.~·
294 II, 7. 3. 1 | injury surveillance.~ ~Table 7.1. Comprehensive view of
295 II, 7. 3. 2 | 7.3.2. Mortality - Fatal injuries~ ~
296 II, 7. 3. 2 | view of injuries in Table 7.1, fatal injuries are just
297 II, 7. 3. 2 | claim more lives (Table 7.2. Leading cause of death
298 II, 7. 3. 2 | age group, EU27).~ ~Table 7.2. Leading cause of death
299 II, 7. 3. 2 | the Netherlands (Figure 7.1).~ ~Figure 7.1. Injury
300 II, 7. 3. 2 | Netherlands (Figure 7.1).~ ~Figure 7.1. Injury death rates and
301 II, 7. 3. 2 | undetermined intent (Figure 7.2).~ ~Figure 7.2. Fatal
302 II, 7. 3. 2 | intent (Figure 7.2).~ ~Figure 7.2. Fatal injuries by causes
303 II, 7. 3. 2 | male, 34% female (Figure 7.3).~ ~Figure 7.3. Injury
304 II, 7. 3. 2 | female (Figure 7.3).~ ~Figure 7.3. Injury deaths per 100
305 II, 7. 3. 2 | injury mortality (Figure 7.4).~ ~Figure 7.4. Selected
306 II, 7. 3. 2 | mortality (Figure 7.4).~ ~Figure 7.4. Selected causes of fatal
307 II, 7. 3. 3 | 7.3.3. Morbidity~ ~Hospital
308 II, 7. 3. 3 | the EU27 sum up to almost 7 million, more than 19,000
309 II, 7. 3. 3 | healthcare costs (Figure 7.5).~ ~Figure 7.5. Hospital
310 II, 7. 3. 3 | costs (Figure 7.5).~ ~Figure 7.5. Hospital discharges due
311 II, 7. 3. 3 | treated for injuries (Table 7.3).~ ~Table 7.3. Hospital
312 II, 7. 3. 3 | injuries (Table 7.3).~ ~Table 7.3. Hospital discharge due
313 II, 7. 3. 4 | 7.3.4. Unintentional injuries -
314 II, 7. 3. 4 | injury prevention (Figure 7.6).~ ~Figure 7.6. Unintentional
315 II, 7. 3. 4 | prevention (Figure 7.6).~ ~Figure 7.6. Unintentional fatal injuries
316 II, 7. 3. 4 | according to WHO, 2004) and 1.7 million injured road users
317 II, 7. 3. 4 | some Member States (Figure 7.7).~ ~Figure 7.7. Road fatalities
318 II, 7. 3. 4 | Member States (Figure 7.7).~ ~Figure 7.7. Road fatalities
319 II, 7. 3. 4 | States (Figure 7.7).~ ~Figure 7.7. Road fatalities and injured
320 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.7).~ ~Figure 7.7. Road fatalities and injured
321 II, 7. 3. 4 | road fatalities (Figure 7.8).Even the high share of
322 II, 7. 3. 4 | SafetyNet project (htt ~ ~Figure 7.8. Fatalities per road user
323 II, 7. 3. 4 | slight injuries (Figure 7.9).~ ~Figure 7.9. Non–fatal
324 II, 7. 3. 4 | injuries (Figure 7.9).~ ~Figure 7.9. Non–fatal road traffic
325 II, 7. 3. 4 | registration practices (Figure 7.10).~ ~Figure 7.10. Fatalities
326 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.10).~ ~Figure 7.10. Fatalities and injured
327 II, 7. 3. 4 | safety institutions (Figure 7.11).~ ~ ~Figure 7.11. Fatalities
328 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.11).~ ~ ~Figure 7.11. Fatalities at work by
329 II, 7. 3. 4 | described in Chapter 6.2. Figure 7.12. Non-fatal work place
330 II, 7. 3. 4 | lost working days.~ ~Figure 7.12. Non-fatal work place
331 II, 7. 3. 4 | treated in hospital (Figure 7.13).~ ~Figure 7.13. Fatalities
332 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.13).~ ~Figure 7.13. Fatalities and injured
333 II, 7. 3. 4 | this injury sector (Figure 7.14).~ ~Figure 7.14. Non
334 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.14).~ ~Figure 7.14. Non fatal (hospital
335 II, 7. 3. 5 | 7.3.5. Intentional injuries~ ~
336 II, 7. 3. 5 | fatal injuries but only for 7.4% of all medically treated
337 II, 7. 3. 5 | treated cases (See Table 7.1).~ ~Suicide and self harm~ ~
338 II, 7. 3. 5 | people a year – see Figure 7.2 ) In Europe suicide rates
339 II, 7. 3. 5 | 000 in Lithuania (Figure 7.15.A).~ ~Figure 7.15.a.
340 II, 7. 3. 5 | Figure 7.15.A).~ ~Figure 7.15.a. Suicide and self harm
341 II, 7. 3. 5 | the European Union (Figure 7.15.b. Suicide and intentional
342 II, 7. 3. 5 | suicide attempts (Figure 7.16).~ ~Figure 7.15.b. Suicide
343 II, 7. 3. 5 | Figure 7.16).~ ~Figure 7.15.b. Suicide and intentional
344 II, 7. 3. 5 | and self-harm.~ ~Figure 7.16. Hospital deaths and
345 II, 7. 3. 5 | preventability of violence (Figure 7.17).~ ~Like many other health
346 II, 7. 3. 5 | victims of violence (Figure 7.17. Homicide, assault by
347 II, 7. 3. 5 | EUGLOREH countries).~ ~Figure 7.17. Homicide, assault by
348 II, 7. 4 | 7.4. Data discussion~ ~The
349 II, 7. 4. 1 | 7.4.1. Safety of children
350 II, 7. 4. 1 | very young ages (Figure 7.18). Injury is the leading
351 II, 7. 4. 1 | Promotion, 2008).~ ~Figure 7.18. Injury death in % of
352 II, 7. 4. 1 | deaths in children (Figure 7.19.A).~ ~Figure 7.19.a.
353 II, 7. 4. 1 | Figure 7.19.A).~ ~Figure 7.19.a. Fatal injuries by
354 II, 7. 4. 1 | young people’s deaths (Table 7.2. Leading cause of death
355 II, 7. 4. 1 | for injury deaths (Figure 7.19.B).~ ~Figure 7.19.b.
356 II, 7. 4. 1 | Figure 7.19.B).~ ~Figure 7.19.b. Fatal injuries by
357 II, 7. 4. 2 | 7.4.2. Safety of elderly citizens~ ~
358 II, 7. 4. 2 | aged 65 and over (Figure 7.3) with falls being the
359 II, 7. 4. 2 | of these deaths (Figure 7.19.C). Injuries, at an advanced
360 II, 7. 4. 2 | actions are taken.~ ~Figure 7.19.c. Fatal injuries by
361 II, 7. 4. 3 | 7.4.3. Safety of vulnerable
362 II, 7. 4. 3 | risk of an injury (Figure 7.20; see also Figure 7.8.
363 II, 7. 4. 3 | Figure 7.20; see also Figure 7.8. Fatalities per road user
364 II, 7. 4. 3 | transport areas.~ ~Figure 7.20. Mortality of Vulnerable
365 II, 7. 4. 4 | 7.4.4. Prevention of sports
366 II, 7. 4. 4 | sports activities (see Figure 7.14).This means that an annual
367 II, 7. 4. 4 | sports (8%), winter sports (7%), gymnastics and aerobics (
368 II, 7. 4. 4 | gymnastics and aerobics (7%). (see Figure 7.21).Swimming
369 II, 7. 4. 4 | aerobics (7%). (see Figure 7.21).Swimming and bathing
370 II, 7. 4. 4 | Promotion, 2008).~ ~Figure 7.21. Sports practiced at
371 II, 7. 4. 4 | in this age group (Figure 7.22).~ ~Figure 7.22. Sports
372 II, 7. 4. 4 | Figure 7.22).~ ~Figure 7.22. Sports practiced at
373 II, 7. 4. 5 | 7.4.5. Prevention of injuries
374 II, 7. 4. 5 | and sports” domain (Table 7.1) and that in most home,
375 II, 7. 4. 5 | product” is involved (Figure 7.23), the importance of consumer
376 II, 7. 4. 5 | protection is obvious.~ ~Figure 7.23: Category of products
377 II, 7. 4. 6 | 7.4.6. Prevention of self-harm~ ~
378 II, 7. 4. 7 | 7.4.7. Prevention of interpersonal
379 II, 7. 4. 7 | 7.4.7. Prevention of interpersonal
380 II, 7. 5 | 7.5. Policy and Control Tools~ ~
381 II, 7. 6 | 7.6. Future perspectives~ ~
382 II, 7. 7 | 7.7. References~ ~APOLLO –
383 II, 7. 7 | 7.7. References~ ~APOLLO – Hospital
384 II, 8. 2. 1 | 8.2.1.7. References~ ~American Association
385 II, 8. 2. 3 | impairment ( 25 dB HL), 7.7% showed 35 dB HL, 3.3%
386 II, 8. 2. 3 | impairment ( 25 dB HL), 7.7% showed 35 dB HL, 3.3% showed
387 II, 9 | Health Forum notes that 7.5% of ill-health and premature
388 II, 9. 1. 1 | late neonatal deaths (at 7-27 days after live birth).~
389 II, 9. 1. 1 | mortality in 2004 was 2.7 per 1 000 births. This median
390 II, 9. 1. 1 | countries from 1.6 or 1.7 (Portugal, Spain, France
391 II, 9. 1. 1 | Reprod Biol 1995;58(1):3-7.~ ~Breart G, Barros H, Wagener
392 II, 9. 1. 1 | Dis Child 2003;88(2):114-7.~Canterino JC, Ananth CV,
393 II, 9. 1. 1 | Neonatal Med 2004;15(3):193-7.~Castles A, Adams EK, Melvin
394 II, 9. 1. 1 | Bmj 1999;319(7217):1093-7.~ ~Effer SB, Moutquin JM,
395 II, 9. 1. 1 | multicentre study. Bjog 2002;109(7):740-5.~ ~Escobar GJ, Clark
396 II, 9. 1. 1 | Gynecol 2004;191(3):700-7.~Garne E (2001): Perinatal
397 II, 9. 1. 1 | Surveillance System. Jama 2000;284(7):843-9.~Jackson RA, Gibson
398 II, 9. 1. 1 | Surveillance System. Jama 284(7):843-9.~ ~Kramer MS, Seguin
399 II, 9. 1. 1 | Obstet Gynecol 1997;89(3):451-7.~Platt MJ, Cans C, Johnson
400 II, 9. 1. 1 | Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1993;7(1):45-54.~Stillman RJ, Rosenberg
401 II, 9. 1. 2 | 9.1.2.7. References~ ~Abramsky L,
402 II, 9. 1. 2 | Vitamin Study. Lancet 338: 131-7.~Schaefer C, Garbis H, McElhatton
403 II, 9. 2. 3 | 14 year olds (see Chapter 7).~ ~Cancer: Tumors recognized
404 II, 9. 2. 3 | from 3.0% in Romania and 3.7% in Greece to 29.1% in Ireland
405 II, 9. 2. 7 | 9.2.7. References~ ~Alexander
406 II, 9. 2. 7 | countries. Demographic Research, 7(7):343–363. Available at: htt / (
407 II, 9. 2. 7 | Demographic Research, 7(7):343–363. Available at: htt / (
408 II, 9. 2. 7 | development at the age of 7 years. Child Care Health
409 II, 9. 2. 7 | Semin Perinatol. 28:81-7.~ ~Social Issues Research
410 II, 9. 3. 1 | problems account for more than 7% of all estimated ill-health
411 II, 9. 3. 1 | 1%, equivalent to some 3.7 million people (European
412 II, 9. 3. 1 | older (prevalence about 7 per 1000). Approximately
413 II, 9. 3. 1 | aneurism causes approximately 7 000 deaths per year in men
414 II, 9. 3. 1 | average prevalence rate is 7.5% among adults aged 20
415 II, 9. 3. 1 | prevalence rates of diabetes (3.7%) and the lowest healthcare
416 II, 9. 3. 1 | 39, 9.5% aged 40-49, 15.7% aged 50-59, 34.4% aged
417 II, 9. 3. 1 | Health Forum notes that 7.5% of ill-health and premature
418 II, 9. 3. 1 | 9.3.1.7. References~ ~Arber S, McKinlay
419 II, 9. 3. 1 | development at the age of 7 years. Child Care, Health &
420 II, 9. 3. 1 | Forum ISBN 1 – 898883 – 94 – 7~ ~White AK, Holmes M, (2006):
421 II, 9. 3. 2 | births in the early 1980s to 7 deaths per 100 000. The
422 II, 9. 3. 2 | 9.3.2.7. References~ ~ ~Alexander
423 II, 9. 3. 2 | Reprod Biol 1995;58(1):3-7.~ ~Breart G, Barros H, Wagener
424 II, 9. 3. 2 | Dis Child 2003;88(2):114-7.~ ~Canterino JC, Ananth
425 II, 9. 3. 2 | Neonatal Med 2004;15(3):193-7.~ ~Castles A, Adams EK,
426 II, 9. 3. 2 | Bmj 1999;319(7217):1093-7.~ ~Effer SB, Moutquin JM,
427 II, 9. 3. 2 | multicentre study. Bjog 2002;109(7):740-5.~ ~Escobar GJ, Clark
428 II, 9. 3. 2 | Gynecol 2004;191(3):700-7.~ ~Garne E (2001): Perinatal
429 II, 9. 3. 2 | Surveillance System. Jama 2000;284(7):843-9.~ ~Kramer MS, Platt
430 II, 9. 3. 2 | Obstet Gynecol 1997;89(3):451-7.~ ~Philibert M, Boisbras
431 II, 9. 3. 2 | Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1993;7(1):45-54.~ ~Stillman RJ,
432 II, 9. 3. 3 | from 18% in Spain to 35.7% in England. Among girls,
433 II, 9. 3. 3 | 9.3.3.7. Acronyms~ ~BZgA~Bundeszentrale
434 II, 9. 4. 1 | median age in the EU (37.7) will increase to 52.3 in
435 II, 9. 4. 3 | people aged 65 to 84, to 7% in those aged over 75.
436 II, 9. 4. 3 | 2003, women over 40 made up 7% of patients diagnosed with
437 II, 9. 4. 5 | a large employer with 9.7% of the total employment
438 II, 9. 4. 7 | 9.4.7. References~ ~Bhalla et
439 II, 9. 4. 7 | November 2004 , pp. 618-624(7)~Billings, J. R., Alaszewski
440 II, 9. 5. 3 | reported almost being raped~· 7.4% raped by their partner~
441 II, 9. 5. 3 | violence was estimated at £5.7 billion (Euro 8.4 billion),
442 II, 9. 5. 3 | Europe, perhaps as high as 10.7% in Eastern Europe. Men
443 II, 9. 5. 3 | health problems.~ ~Table 9.5.7. Percentage of Female Adults
444 II, 9. 5. 3 | increases in Luxembourg (2.7 kg), Denmark (1.7 kg) and
445 II, 9. 5. 3 | Luxembourg (2.7 kg), Denmark (1.7 kg) and Ireland (1.6 kg) (
446 II, 9. 5. 3 | physical activity in the last 7 days per gender~ ~Table
447 II, 9. 5. 3 | physical activity in the last 7 days per gender~ ~Current
448 II, 9. 5. 3 | 23.1%) and Luxembourg (21.7%) had the highest rates.
449 II, 9. 5. 6 | 346:393-403, No 6 February 7 2002~ ~Doyal L A (1998):
450 II, 9. 5. 6 | development at the age of 7 years. Child Care, Health &
451 II, 9. 5. 6 | and physical activity for 7-10 boys and girls. Available
452 II, 9. 5. 7 | 9.5.7. Acronyms~ ~AD~Alzheimer’
453 III, 10. 1. 1 | engagement in exercise ( 7 days), however, the correlation
454 III, 10. 1. 3 | review. Recent Dev Alcohol 7:147-164.~Jebb SA, Moore
455 III, 10. 1. 3 | Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(7):285S-298S.~Thompson JC (
456 III, 10. 1. 3 | Med Sci Sports Exerc 26(7):838-843. ~ ~
457 III, 10. 2. 1 | 19.9% among boys, and 15.7% among girls. The unexpected
458 III, 10. 2. 1 | due to COPD (see Chapter 5.7) varies from country to
459 III, 10. 2. 1 | at home had declined by 8.7%, while the prevalence of
460 III, 10. 2. 1 | measures and programmes.~On 7 February 2008 the WHO released
461 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.7. References~ ~Action on
462 III, 10. 2. 1 | only 12%-13% of boys and 5%-7% of girls in France and
463 III, 10. 2. 1 | done by alcohol means that 7.4% of all ill-health and
464 III, 10. 2. 1 | Med Jun;28(5 Suppl):280-7.~ ~Eurobarometer (2007).
465 III, 10. 2. 1 | Amphetamines have been used by 0 to 7% of school children, with
466 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.3.2) and over 7% (1.5–15.5%) report use
467 III, 10. 2. 1 | use ranges from 0.3% to 7.6%.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.2.
468 III, 10. 2. 1 | some 1.5 million (1.3–1.7 million) problem opioid
469 III, 10. 2. 1 | high level. Figure 10.2.3.7 shows the trend in drug-related
470 III, 10. 2. 1 | EU15.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.7. Indexed long term trend
471 III, 10. 2. 1 | value. Europe generates 38.7% of the global market's
472 III, 10. 2. 1 | inactive increased from 35.7% in 1992 to 39.4% in 1997,
473 III, 10. 2. 1(20)| per week accumulated over 7 days or 1,500 MET minutes
474 III, 10. 2. 1 | Royal Society of Health, 116:7-13.~ ~Gordon-Larsen P et
475 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7. Excessive food intake and
476 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.1. Introduction~ ~A well
477 III, 10. 2. 1 | obesity accounts for up to 7% of health care costs and
478 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.2. Data sources~ ~a) Overweight
479 III, 10. 2. 1 | reported in Table 10.2.1.7.0.~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.0 Preliminary
480 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2.1.7.0.~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.0 Preliminary information
481 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~7~General information at:
482 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~7~Volatier J.L. Enquête INCA
483 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~7~Refer to www.iuna.net for
484 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~7~Turrini A, Saba A, Perrone
485 III, 10. 2. 1 | Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 55 (7), 571-88.~Latvia~Data not
486 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~7~Becker W, Pearson M. Riksmaten
487 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~7~General information at www.
488 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.3. Data description and
489 III, 10. 2. 1 | al, 2003) and Portugal (7–9 years old, 31.5%) (Padez
490 III, 10. 2. 1 | the lowest in Slovakia (7–9 years old, 15.2%) (National
491 III, 10. 2. 1 | Novakova, 2006) and France (7–9 years old, 18.1%) (Rolland-Cachera
492 III, 10. 2. 1 | Netherlands, 2006) (Figure 10.2.1.7.1).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.1.
493 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1.7.1).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.1. Prevalence of overweight
494 III, 10. 2. 1 | and in Spanish boys (31.7%, 10-17 years old) (Aranceta-Bartrina
495 III, 10. 2. 1 | weight.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.2 shows the prevalence of
496 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2004).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.2. Prevalence of overweight
497 III, 10. 2. 1 | adults showed a range of 7-27% and 34-68%, respectively.
498 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2006) and Polish men (56.7%) (Szponar et al, 2003).
499 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2005a) and Estonia (45.7%) (National Institute for
500 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevalence of obesity ranged from 7.4% to 26.6% among men and
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