Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | Report considers a very different Institution than those addressed
2 -, 1 | exposure routes and many different kinds of environment. This
3 -, 1 | predict the impact of the different stressors on public and
4 -, 1 | and Colomba Iacontino for different scientific and administrative
5 I, 2. 1 | of the world with their different social environments and
6 I, 2. 2 | European professionals from different fields (healthcare, engineering,
7 I, 2. 2 | Europe. Moreover, with their different social environments and
8 I, 2. 4 | and between economies of different sizes. The growth rate is
9 I, 2. 5 | especially where several different organisations are working
10 I, 2. 5 | among unemployment rates of different Member States and that unemployment
11 I, 2. 5 | the risks associated to different pension schemes should be
12 I, 2. 6 | lengths of study, according to different national educational systems.~ ~
13 I, 2. 6 | women.~The situation is very different at post graduated level.
14 I, 2. 7 | has opened the way for a different concept in the creation
15 I, 2. 7 | Obviously, the options may be different for cities, depending on
16 I, 2. 8 | combustion is involved in the different production stages. However,
17 I, 2. 8 | summarized the health impacts of different forms of electrical power
18 I, 2. 8 | Table 2.4. Health impacts of different forms of electrical power
19 I, 2. 10. 2 | and magnetic behaviours different from those of the same material
20 I, 2. 10. 2 | or transferring heat or different solubility properties.~ ~
21 I, 2. 10. 4 | errors8. Several studies in different countries indicate the significance
22 I, 2. 10. 5 | technologies. HTA approaches in different countries should be compared
23 I, 3. 2 | growth within the EU has different faces across the various
24 I, 3. 2 | new Member States have a different profile. Except for Cyprus
25 II, 4. 1 | individual countries than between different countries.~ ~Table 4.1.1
26 II, 4. 1 | for men and women, in the different Member States are displayed,
27 II, 4. 1 | Second World War from a different but generally increasing
28 II, 4. 2 | at birth there have been different patterns of change in mortality
29 II, 4. 2 | changes in mortality rates at different ages and of different causes
30 II, 4. 2 | at different ages and of different causes of death to the increase
31 II, 4. 2 | as representative for the different patterns of change in mortality
32 II, 5. 1. 1 | although each of them plays a different role: to give an example,
33 II, 5. 1. 1 | age ranges considered from different countries.~ ~ ~ ~Cancer ~ ~
34 II, 5. 1. 1 | women reflects the rather different historical patterns of smoking
35 II, 5. 1. 1 | forms of diabetes, with different patterns in time and different
36 II, 5. 1. 1 | different patterns in time and different treatment. Certain medical
37 II, 5. 1. 2 | a unique person totally different from another patient who
38 II, 5. 1. 2 | strange alchemy of many different factors.~ ~
39 II, 5. 1. 3 | provided to each patient using different means. We are talking of
40 II, 5. 2. 2 | IHD data available from different sources of information were
41 II, 5. 2. 2 | cause-specific mortality in the different age groups for circulatory
42 II, 5. 2. 2 | although each of them plays a different role: to give an example,
43 II, 5. 2. 3 | mortality rates for the different age ranges (all ages, 45-
44 II, 5. 2. 3 | various factors, such as different hospital admission policies,
45 II, 5. 2. 3 | hospital admission policies, different coding practice and multiple
46 II, 5. 2. 3 | registers in Europe adopt different data collection procedures
47 II, 5. 2. 3 | collection procedures cover different age groups, while the degree
48 II, 5. 2. 3 | decline in mortality in the different populations could be explained
49 II, 5. 2. 3 | various factors such as different hospital admission policies,
50 II, 5. 2. 3 | hospital admission policies, different coding practice and multiple
51 II, 5. 2. 3 | which are characterized by different prevalence, age distribution
52 II, 5. 2. 3 | sequelae of the original event, different hospital admission policies
53 II, 5. 2. 4 | have been collected using different methodologies (self-reported
54 II, 5. 2. 4 | self-reported or measured) and different diagnostic criteria for
55 II, 5. 2. 4 | difficult to describe due to the different existing definitions ( 5.
56 II, 5. 2. 4 | hypertension for men and women of different age ranges in 22 EU countries.~ ~
57 II, 5. 2. 4 | countries for men and women of different age ranges.~ ~Table 5.2.
58 II, 5. 2. 4 | countries for men and women of different age ranges~ ~Obesity and
59 II, 5. 2. 4 | countries for men and women of different age ranges.~ ~Other factors
60 II, 5. 2. 4 | 1999-2000 and 2005-6 in different European countries to describe
61 II, 5. 2. 5 | pressure in individuals with different risk profiles have been
62 II, 5. 2. 6 | integrated actions, spanning different government sectors and involving
63 II, 5. 2. 6 | total plasma cholesterol in different countries is associated
64 II, 5. 2. 6 | now around 200 mg/dL). The different roles of the various classes
65 II, 5. 2. 6 | Collaboration (2003). Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering
66 II, 5. 3. 2 | are frequently sent from different divisions (e.g. pathology
67 II, 5. 3. 3 | is a mix of diseases with different burden in the European populations.
68 II, 5. 3. 4 | women reflects the rather different historical patterns of smoking
69 II, 5. 3. 5 | could also depend by the different introduction of screening
70 II, 5. 3. 5 | This could be caused by different HPV exposure and by the
71 II, 5. 3. 5 | HPV exposure and by the different introduction of screening
72 II, 5. 3. 6 | European countries, but at different rates (data not showed).
73 II, 5. 3. 7 | instance to find cures for the different forms of the disease. Avoiding
74 II, 5. 3. 7 | medical oncology in the different countries is often difficult
75 II, 5. 3. 7 | influenced by interventions of different kinds, from primary prevention
76 II, 5. 3. 7 | and within countries in different healthcare settings, which
77 II, 5. 3. 8 | rare diseases, each requiring a different treatment.~These are the
78 II, 5. 3. 8 | rare diseases, requiring each a different treatment. The long term
79 II, 5. 4. 1 | long-term damage and failure of different organs, especially eyes,
80 II, 5. 4. 1 | prevalence are observed among the different EU Member States. Germany
81 II, 5. 4. 1 | difficult to collect due to the different and fragmented accounting
82 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2 Data sources~ ~The different priorities adopted by EU
83 II, 5. 4. 2 | overestimate prevalence; different portion of cases with less
84 II, 5. 4. 2 | age), but results would be different by directly using individual
85 II, 5. 4. 2 | sub-national averages (effect of different sources of variation, or
86 II, 5. 4. 2 | the frequent case where different countries/regions adopt
87 II, 5. 4. 2 | countries/regions adopt different sets of indicators, an aspect
88 II, 5. 4. 2 | estimates. Differences between different national surveys persist,
89 II, 5. 4. 2 | international health monitoring for different parameters. However, projects
90 II, 5. 4. 2 | s to perform surveys on different items. Among these items,
91 II, 5. 4. 2 | to estimate prevalence of different pathologies (e.g. diabetes
92 II, 5. 4. 2 | mean daily doses adopted by different countries (Papoz 1993),
93 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.9. Conclusion~ ~Different data sources provide very
94 II, 5. 4. 2 | data sources provide very different information on diabetes.~
95 II, 5. 4. 2 | median of 87.5/1000. These different results, probably deriving
96 II, 5. 4. 2 | were obtained with very different sources, and the fact that
97 II, 5. 4. 2 | measured by OECD, albeit with a different cut-off value (9.5%) that
98 II, 5. 4. 3 | percentage varies in the different databases collected by 10
99 II, 5. 4. 3 | reflect the impact of the different public health policies.~
100 II, 5. 4. 4 | The situation is certainly different for what concerns dialysis,
101 II, 5. 4. 4 | possibly due to the use different coding practices. The average
102 II, 5. 4. 5 | forms of diabetes, with different patterns in time and different
103 II, 5. 4. 5 | different patterns in time and different treatments. Certain medical
104 II, 5. 4. 6 | coherence of actions in different policy sectors;~3. open
105 II, 5. 5. 1 | WHO-HFO and EUROSTAT due to different definition of psychiatric
106 II, 5. 5. 1 | consumption and sales of different types of pharmaceuticals.
107 II, 5. 5. 1 | throughout the lifespan.~Different needs and targets throughout
108 II, 5. 5. 1 | targeted people belonging to different age groups, children and
109 II, 5. 5. 2 | There are over a hundred different kinds of dementia and symptoms
110 II, 5. 5. 2 | rates for men and women in 9 different age groups (30-59, 60-64,
111 II, 5. 5. 2 | differences in the distribution of different kinds of dementia from one
112 II, 5. 5. 2 | not differentiate between different kinds of dementia or different
113 II, 5. 5. 2 | different kinds of dementia or different stages of the disease. This
114 II, 5. 5. 2 | covering guardianship is different. Alzheimer Europe and its
115 II, 5. 5. 3 | design, sample size, and a different use of measurement methods.
116 II, 5. 5. 3 | studies are partly very different regarding the sampling design
117 II, 5. 5. 3 | studies accomplished in different countries (10 EU Member
118 II, 5. 5. 3 | diagnoses F20 – F29 based on different diagnostic classification
119 II, 5. 5. 3 | EDMD show some extremely different values for certain countries,
120 II, 5. 5. 3 | factors of psychosis. As different health systems provide different
121 II, 5. 5. 3 | different health systems provide different structures of care, prevention
122 II, 5. 5. 3 | as segmented according to different health care services, reflect
123 II, 5. 5. 3 | activities http df~There are different EU-programmes dealing with
124 II, 5. 5. 3 | rates have been estimated in different European countries but due
125 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries but due to the different methodologies and definitions
126 II, 5. 5. 3 | Blaxill, 2004) looks at the different surveys carried out worldwide;
127 II, 5. 5. 3 | clinical studies by using different methods and populations.
128 II, 5. 5. 3 | populations can be due to different criteria or methods and
129 II, 5. 5. 3 | epilepsy or in patients in different age groups (children, adults,
130 II, 5. 5. 3 | a strong confounder when different populations are compared.
131 II, 5. 5. 3 | most probably due to the different populations at risk, the
132 II, 5. 5. 3 | majority of reports. The different distribution of epilepsy
133 II, 5. 5. 3 | genetic background, the different prevalence of the most common
134 II, 5. 5. 3 | largely explained by the different distribution of epilepsy
135 II, 5. 5. 3 | rates were not significantly different from those of selected populations
136 II, 5. 5. 3 | populations followed during different periods. The higher SMRs
137 II, 5. 5. 3 | rates have been found for different epileptogenic conditions.
138 II, 5. 5. 3 | studied populations and the different methods of analysis. Patients
139 II, 5. 5. 3 | present regulations to the different aspects of the spectrum
140 II, 5. 5. 3 | Although slightly different when addressing specific
141 II, 5. 5. 3 | recommendations of the SEWGED, different rules should be set depending
142 II, 5. 5. 3 | and the severity of the different syndromic patterns.~ ~With
143 II, 5. 5. 3 | applicability and practical value of different diagnostic categories. Epilepsia
144 II, 5. 5. 3 | MS in ethnic groups with different susceptibility.~Parallel
145 II, 5. 5. 3 | or early cases; (c) the different degree of case ascertainment
146 II, 5. 5. 3 | about MS; (d) the impact of different diagnostic criteria used
147 II, 5. 5. 3 | environmental exposures, and/or different genetic susceptibility underlying
148 II, 5. 5. 3 | price level differences in different sectors between countries (
149 II, 5. 5. 3 | and management system of different national care approaches
150 II, 5. 5. 3 | Incidence rates for PD in different studies are shown in Table
151 II, 5. 5. 3 | screening personnel had different levels of training and clinical
152 II, 5. 5. 3 | differences account for the different incidence rates observed;
153 II, 5. 5. 3 | of brain disorders in the different European countries including
154 II, 5. 5. 3 | cost-of-illness data from different studies (even from the same
155 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries representative of different economies and health care
156 II, 5. 6. 2 | comparison of data obtained in different times is often very difficult.~ ~ ~ ~
157 II, 5. 6. 3 | group in the Netherlands (different group of diseases)~ ~Disability
158 II, 5. 6. 3 | the prevalence of OA in different joint sites (Kellgren and
159 II, 5. 6. 3 | the management and use of different therapeutic strategies.
160 II, 5. 6. 3 | the exact interaction of different risk factors has not yet
161 II, 5. 6. 4 | absence that is caused by the different musculoskeletal conditions
162 II, 5. 6. 5 | been identified for the different musculoskeletal conditions.~
163 II, 5. 6. 6 | prevalence of symptoms at different anatomical sites, and the
164 II, 5. 7. 2 | another few years. These different stages of development of
165 II, 5. 7. 3 | investigate the reasons for different outcomes in haemodialysis
166 II, 5. 7. 4 | factors that have effects in different directions. The number of
167 II, 5. 7. 6 | collaborative studies on different aspects on the quality of
168 II, 5. 8. 1 | chronic respiratory failure, different co-morbidities and severe
169 II, 5. 8. 2 | asthma are considered as two different entities (Fabbri et al 2003),
170 II, 5. 8. 3 | prevalence rates according to different diagnostic criteria were
171 II, 5. 8. 3 | prevalence estimates from 28 different countries, 17 of which were
172 II, 5. 8. 3 | Prevalence estimates for COPD per different variables~ ~An example of
173 II, 5. 8. 3 | variability of estimates caused by different definitions of airways obstruction (
174 II, 5. 8. 3 | by national sources with different methodologies. Although,
175 II, 5. 8. 3 | severe impact or require different treatment for patients with
176 II, 5. 8. 3 | Boutin-Forzano et al (2007), different co-morbidities were found
177 II, 5. 8. 3 | of the 2497 subjects with different index diseases at baseline,
178 II, 5. 8. 3 | The total costs of COPD in different countries (Spain, USA, Sweden,
179 II, 5. 8. 5 | the decision process.~ ~Different studies have focused on
180 II, 5. 8. 5 | reasonable cost.~ ~Policies~ ~Different COPD guidelines have been
181 II, 5. 9. FB | an allergen that triggers different reactions in several organs
182 II, 5. 9. FB | in their day to day life. Different expressions of allergic
183 II, 5. 9. 1 | these two conditions.~ ~Different studies, such as the European
184 II, 5. 9. 3 | history, asthma presents two different forms: early- and late-onset
185 II, 5. 9. 3 | characterized by a poor prognosis.~ ~Different studies have pointed out
186 II, 5. 9. 3 | prevalence data between the different centres, varying from from
187 II, 5. 9. 3 | from 2.5% to 3.5% in the different centres where the data were
188 II, 5. 9. 3 | can be supported by the different pattern in the prevalence
189 II, 5. 9. 3 | centres involved in the different phases of the ISAAC studies
190 II, 5. 9. 3 | effective socio-economic costs, different factors must be considered,
191 II, 5. 9. 3 | nine studies carried out in different countries, Barnes et al, (
192 II, 5. 9. 3 | 14-18%. Nevertheless, in different Countries, such as in the
193 II, 5. 9. 4 | and environmental factors. Different hypothesis have been formulated,
194 II, 5. 9. 4 | of 4470 children from 10 different areas; the prevalence of
195 II, 5. 9. 4 | and seems to be related to different factors, such as type of
196 II, 5. 9. 4 | the distribution of the different aeroallergens. Many studies
197 II, 5. 9. 4 | considered separately, show different findings among European
198 II, 5. 9. 4 | in eight Swiss areas with different environmental characteristics.
199 II, 5. 9. 4 | air pollution levels in different cities. The RAIAP project
200 II, 5. 9. 4 | particulate air pollution at different locations in the different
201 II, 5. 9. 4 | different locations in the different prevalence data of respiratory
202 II, 5. 9. 4 | between parameters in the different allergy models and between
203 II, 5. 9. 6 | can make a person feel different and set apart from other
204 II, 5. 9. 6 | of patients affected by different diseases with healthy subjects,
205 II, 5. 10. 2 | single Member States by using different methodologies that preclude
206 II, 5. 10. 3 | et al, 2001) - out of 87 different food items, include chocolate (
207 II, 5. 10. 4 | population subgroups in different EU countries is both the
208 II, 5. 11. 1 | primary care have a very different point of view. The psychological
209 II, 5. 11. 3 | 1994).~Comparisons between different studies are limited, as
210 II, 5. 11. 3 | eczema (measured in three different ways) was twice as common
211 II, 5. 11. 3 | countries the situation is different. In Italy, in 2005, the
212 II, 5. 11. 3 | Europe presents an entirely different picture than melanoma. The
213 II, 5. 11. 3 | incidence ratio is strikingly different in these categorizations.~
214 II, 5. 12. 2 | period considered, three different Revisions of the International
215 II, 5. 12. 3 | countries, a limited number of different scales has been chosen.
216 II, 5. 14. 4 | measures, associated to the different living conditions, lifestyles
217 II, 5. 14. 5 | projects have been proposed by different teams from European countries
218 II, 5. 15. 1 | number of affected patients. Different regions of the world have
219 II, 5. 15. 3 | consanguinity rate is very different from one population to another,
220 II, 6. 3. 1 | relative importance of the different disease areas.3~ ~Most of
221 II, 6. 3. 2 | to obtain and come from different sources. Yet in most countries
222 II, 6. 3. 2 | outbreaks and/or spread of different ‘problem bacteria’; and~·
223 II, 6. 3. 3 | each of the diseases has a different pattern in different countries.~ ~
224 II, 6. 3. 3 | has a different pattern in different countries.~ ~There is a
225 II, 6. 3. 3 | The epidemic exhibits very different patterns in the different
226 II, 6. 3. 3 | different patterns in the different EU Member States in terms
227 II, 6. 3. 3 | 42 per 100 000). However, different surveillance systems operate
228 II, 6. 3. 6 | in reporting systems and different degrees of coordination
229 II, 6. 3. 6 | these cases may have been different from those used in the other
230 II, 6. 3. 7 | wide range of diseases with different modes of transmission and
231 II, 6. 4. 2 | comparability of the data from the different Member States an important
232 II, 6. 4. 5 | antimicrobial agents used with different purposes in feed and food;
233 II, 7. 1 | occurrence of injuries in different EU Member Countries, although
234 II, 7. 1 | Figures are coming from different data sources: HFA-DB (WHO),
235 II, 7. 1 | prevention programmes in the different sectors may have been quite
236 II, 7. 2 | comparing and pooling the different data sources.~ ~The following
237 II, 7. 2. 9 | further research.~ ~Due to the different definitions used in the
238 II, 7. 3. 1 | of injuries in the EU” by different sectors of injury prevention.
239 II, 7. 3. 5 | multisectoral approach involving different scientific disciplines.~ ~
240 II, 7. 4 | surveillance systems in the different countries of the European
241 II, 7. 4. 3 | killed on EU roads. Among the different groups participating in
242 II, 7. 4. 6 | interventions addressing different risk factors at different
243 II, 7. 4. 6 | different risk factors at different levels will be required
244 II, 7. 4. 7 | and sexual) and occurs in different environments (in the family,
245 II, 7. 4. 7 | be confronted on several different levels at once (WHO, 2002).~ ~
246 II, 7. 5 | prevention measures is vested in different Ministries, the provision
247 II, 7. 5 | Guidelines” which discusses the different needs and approaches to
248 II, 8. 1. 1 | are measured along three different domains: (1) body structure
249 II, 8. 1. 3 | difference may result from a different attitude of women with limitations,
250 II, 8. 2. 1 | among studies due to the different circumstances of the ascertainment
251 II, 8. 2. 1 | ascertainment such as the use of different definitions, the population
252 II, 8. 2. 1 | support available to them at different stages of the lifecourse
253 II, 8. 2. 2 | Bulgaria and Turkey were different from other EU Member States
254 II, 8. 2. 2 | Countries (Table 8.2) due to different assumptions applied to Country
255 II, 8. 2. 2 | characterized mainly by different mortality levels (details
256 II, 8. 2. 2 | Bulgaria and Turkey were different from other EU Member States
257 II, 8. 2. 2 | Countries (Table 8.2) due to different assumptions applied to Country
258 II, 8. 2. 2 | characterized mainly by different mortality levels (details
259 II, 8. 2. 2 | groups characterised by different socio-economic conditions,
260 II, 8. 2. 3 | and 4 kHz (WHO, 1997). The different grades of hearing impairment
261 II, 9 | HEALTH ISSUES AND TRENDS FOR DIFFERENT AGE AND GENDER~POPULATION
262 II, 9 | issues and trends concerning different age population groups (i.e.
263 II, 9 | main health issues of these different population groups differ
264 II, 9 | be attributed solely to different levels of consumption or
265 II, 9 | in society is related to different cultural beliefs about alcohol
266 II, 9. 1. 1 | and is now around 1% in different European countries. It is
267 II, 9. 1. 1 | in the covered area of 9 different European countries is, on
268 II, 9. 1. 1 | varies from 17% to 52% in the different countries. The overall rate
269 II, 9. 1. 2 | records to distinguish between different severities of the same anomaly.
270 II, 9. 1. 2 | The average prevalence of different subgroups in Europe is shown
271 II, 9. 1. 2 | countries is complicated by different laws and practices regarding
272 II, 9. 1. 2 | palate is aetiologically different from cleft palate and accounts
273 II, 9. 1. 2 | individual uptake, from different interpretations of the scientific
274 II, 9. 1. 2 | Congenital anomalies straddle different public health agendas –
275 II, 9. 1. 2 | diagnosis f) linkage between different health information systems
276 II, 9. 2. 2 | nationally-originating data, as different data definitions and collection
277 II, 9. 2. 2 | collection methods may be used in different countries. Although most
278 II, 9. 2. 2 | measuring health status in different languages and in different
279 II, 9. 2. 2 | different languages and in different cultural settings, in order
280 II, 9. 2. 2 | service requirements are different, yet despite comprising
281 II, 9. 2. 3 | country may be handled in a different one in another setting.
282 II, 9. 2. 4 | influenced or modified by different policies and legislation.~ ~ ~
283 II, 9. 2. 4 | be attributed solely to different levels of consumption or
284 II, 9. 2. 4 | in society is related to different cultural beliefs about alcohol
285 II, 9. 2. 5 | community care. Across the different countries of Europe, with
286 II, 9. 2. 5 | services, there are many different means of providing primary
287 II, 9. 2. 5 | lead to disparities among different population groups. It calls
288 II, 9. 2. 6 | specifically for children of different ages;~ ~· Child impairment,
289 II, 9. 2. 6 | disability on children’s lives at different stages of development varies.
290 II, 9. 3. 1 | countries and among men of different socio-economic status. Moreover,
291 II, 9. 3. 1 | measuring health status in different languages and in different
292 II, 9. 3. 1 | different languages and in different cultural settings, in order
293 II, 9. 3. 1 | health problems display different symptoms and are therefore
294 II, 9. 3. 1 | mortality and survival data of different cancer types are described
295 II, 9. 3. 1 | effects.~ ~Uterine bleeding. Different patterns of uterine bleeding
296 II, 9. 3. 1 | deficit can affect three different areas: somatic, sexual and
297 II, 9. 3. 2 | maternal morbidity within different countries of Europe has
298 II, 9. 3. 2 | perform similarly across different healthcare systems. Many
299 II, 9. 3. 2 | States because they reflect different realities in the different
300 II, 9. 3. 2 | different realities in the different models of care present in
301 II, 9. 3. 2 | useful for illustrating the different European approaches.~ ~Caesarean
302 II, 9. 3. 3 | women directly influences different aspects of health, from
303 II, 9. 3. 3 | standardized and are done by many different groups.~· Comparative data
304 II, 9. 3. 3 | between men and women in different countries are substantial.
305 II, 9. 3. 3 | was very stable for the different generations in their teenage
306 II, 9. 3. 3 | attitudes and behaviour at three different time points – 1982, 1996
307 II, 9. 3. 3 | intercourse with a partner with different or unknown HIV-status ranged
308 II, 9. 3. 3 | countries in the EU and among different nationalities within the
309 II, 9. 3. 3 | and women may have very different goals and attitudes related
310 II, 9. 4. 2 | chronic condition may have different impairment and thus present
311 II, 9. 4. 5 | and outcomes of care that different vulnerable groups may face
312 II, 9. 4. 5 | to identify a number of different approaches. Since the fragmentation
313 II, 9. 4. 5 | integration projects in different structural arrangements.
314 II, 9. 5. 2 | commissioned research into the different ways man and women access
315 II, 9. 5. 3 | lower body weight and their different metabolisms as related to
316 II, 9. 5. 3 | pressures affecting their different lifestyle choices have not
317 II, 9. 5. 6 | Bodies and Identity: how different forms of physical education
318 III, 10. 1 | characterised by several causes with different strengths of association.
319 III, 10. 1 | Figure 10.1.1 illustrates the different factors that influence health,
320 III, 10. 1 | such associations vary for different diseases/exposures – from
321 III, 10. 1. 1 | determinants~ ~There are different types of relationships between
322 III, 10. 1. 1 | observed associations between different health determinants and
323 III, 10. 1. 1 | and disease differs for different levels of another determinant (
324 III, 10. 1. 1 | Association between different groups of determinants (
325 III, 10. 2. 1 | The tobacco epidemic is at different stages in different European
326 III, 10. 2. 1 | is at different stages in different European countries. Some
327 III, 10. 2. 1 | includes several drugs from different categories. Two of the most
328 III, 10. 2. 1 | which has been done at different pace.~ ~EU competencies
329 III, 10. 2. 1 | quitting smoking. Results from different studies remain inconclusive,
330 III, 10. 2. 1 | related to more than 60 different disorders and diseases with
331 III, 10. 2. 1 | is a cause of 60 or more different disorders. Alcohol consumption
332 III, 10. 2. 1 | these inequalities may be different in different countries.
333 III, 10. 2. 1 | inequalities may be different in different countries. However, for
334 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical health problems; or different risk behaviours (e.g. drugged
335 III, 10. 2. 1 | total numbers of users of different drugs in the European Union
336 III, 10. 2. 1 | However, last year use of different drugs shows that more than
337 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevalence of the use of different substances.~ ~On average,
338 III, 10. 2. 1 | drug users estimates from different countries suggest an annual
339 III, 10. 2. 1 | have experienced a somehow different development with only the
340 III, 10. 2. 1(10)| likely to be imperfect and different countries have varying levels
341 III, 10. 2. 1 | interventions targeting different groups at-risk (school drop-outs,
342 III, 10. 2. 1 | drop-outs, cannabis users) and different settings (nightlife, disadvantaged
343 III, 10. 2. 1 | public health implications of different patterns of consumption.
344 III, 10. 2. 1 | potentially harmful way. The different patterns of co-use of substances
345 III, 10. 2. 1 | caused by the combined use of different psychoactive substances
346 III, 10. 2. 1 | the coordination of the different actors and professions involved
347 III, 10. 2. 1 | has been available from different sources. Although this decline
348 III, 10. 2. 1 | toothpastes, catering for different consumer groups and needs,
349 III, 10. 2. 1 | account the differing needs of different population groups according
350 III, 10. 2. 1 | can be carried out in two different ways: by self-report questionnaire
351 III, 10. 2. 1 | variety of surveys with different degrees of coverage of the
352 III, 10. 2. 1 | response format often varies. Different questions are needed to
353 III, 10. 2. 1 | surveys and studies which use different instruments as well as different
354 III, 10. 2. 1 | different instruments as well as different methods for data collection (
355 III, 10. 2. 1 | There is good evidence that different instruments will produce
356 III, 10. 2. 1 | instruments will produce different estimates of a certain behaviour (
357 III, 10. 2. 1 | are not comparable across different surveys unless certain procedures
358 III, 10. 2. 1 | Lack of information on different settings where physical activity
359 III, 10. 2. 1 | but autonomous action by different parts of society to deal
360 III, 10. 2. 1 | physiological requirements of the different age groups from birth to
361 III, 10. 2. 1 | adolescents, there are various different approaches to defining overweight
362 III, 10. 2. 1 | difficult, due to their use of different data collection methods,
363 III, 10. 2. 1 | countries with obviously different consumption patterns.~ ~
364 III, 10. 2. 1 | promotes bone response may be different from the type recommended
365 III, 10. 2. 1 | individual’s requirements for different nutrients are related to
366 III, 10. 2. 1 | will differ according to different physiological conditions,
367 III, 10. 2. 1 | micronutrients can also affect different population groups. However,
368 III, 10. 2. 1 | only by eating a variety of different foods to maintain the required
369 III, 10. 2. 1 | emerging from the intakes of different nutrients as calculated
370 III, 10. 2. 1 | data and average levels of different nutrients in different food
371 III, 10. 2. 1 | of different nutrients in different food categories. As compared
372 III, 10. 2. 1 | but autonomous action by different parts of society to deal
373 III, 10. 2. 1 | advantages and drawbacks of different options.~ ~In order to help
374 III, 10. 2. 1 | fruit and vegetables are different, and only 7 are the same (
375 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.7.7. FBDG for different population groups~ ~ ~ ~
376 III, 10. 2. 1 | follow similar routes for different population groups. In step
377 III, 10. 2. 1 | addressing elderly people, different approaches (depending on
378 III, 10. 2. 1 | programmes and policies).~ ~Different efficient ways of promoting
379 III, 10. 2. 1 | school children, using four different definitions. European Journal
380 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2006): Dietary intake of different types and characteristics
381 III, 10. 2. 2 | total plasma cholesterol in different countries is associated
382 III, 10. 2. 4 | phenotype subsumes totally different disease entities;~· the
383 III, 10. 2. 4 | the situation is slightly different as pandemics have alerted
384 III, 10. 2. 4 | general. Research in the different areas of genomics has shown
385 III, 10. 2. 5 | of diseases prevalent in different age groups see Chapter 9.~ ~
386 III, 10. 3. 1 | in hearing sensitivity at different frequencies.~ELF~Extremely
387 III, 10. 3. 1 | differences in exposure for different vulnerable groups, such
388 III, 10. 3. 1 | This chapter deals with different types of physical stressors
389 III, 10. 3. 1 | consider in their legislation different policies for the various
390 III, 10. 3. 1 | noise levels > 60 dB(A) in different European countries~ ~The
391 III, 10. 3. 1 | comparisons of the noise levels in different countries are mainly hampered
392 III, 10. 3. 2 | is distinguishing between different groups of chemicals; industrial
393 III, 10. 3. 2 | elements have been found in different environmental matrices (
394 III, 10. 3. 2 | The associations are of different degrees of certainty, and
395 III, 10. 3. 2 | infertility, immunodeficiency and different types of tissue malformations.
396 III, 10. 3. 2 | body. Bio-monitoring of different populations clearly shows
397 III, 10. 3. 2 | exposure. The bio-monitoring of different populations clearly shows
398 III, 10. 3. 2 | figure 10.3.2.4; note different units for different compounds).
399 III, 10. 3. 2 | note different units for different compounds). As there are
400 III, 10. 3. 2 | coordinated analyses, data from different countries are difficult
401 III, 10. 3. 2 | on combined exposure from different media, sources of releases
402 III, 10. 3. 2 | of many stakeholders in different sectors and a range of different
403 III, 10. 3. 2 | different sectors and a range of different tools (for an overview of
404 III, 10. 3. 2 | developed and executed by different authorities, which leaves
405 III, 10. 3. 4 | provides an overview on different extreme events and the impacts
406 III, 10. 3. 4 | established around the world, with different criteria, formats and purpose.
407 III, 10. 3. 4 | comparisons and use of the different data sets difficult. This
408 III, 10. 3. 4 | urban and rural areas is different; heat island effects in
409 III, 10. 4. 1 | air pollution problem are different between European regions.
410 III, 10. 4. 1 | cost of action focused on different sources of particles: mobile
411 III, 10. 4. 2 | Authority, the GFL lays down different procedures in matters of
412 III, 10. 4. 2 | assessment of the relevance of different foods and animal species
413 III, 10. 4. 2 | Among the large number of different types of RTE foods examined,
414 III, 10. 4. 2 | food through a number of different pathways, including their
415 III, 10. 4. 2 | 000 samples. In total, 706 different pesticides were sought in
416 III, 10. 4. 2 | programme which monitors different fruit and vegetables, cereals
417 III, 10. 4. 2 | have been proposed with different levels of detail and uncertainty,
418 III, 10. 4. 2 | substances, identified in different food products, need careful
419 III, 10. 4. 2 | to take into account the different regulatory practices in
420 III, 10. 4. 2 | adding potencies across different classes of contaminants
421 III, 10. 4. 2 | classes of contaminants with different mode of actions, even when
422 III, 10. 4. 2 | via food, considering the different food consumption habits
423 III, 10. 4. 2 | 14 MS, 41 diet sets for different groups of population and
424 III, 10. 4. 2 | a range of scenarios for different countries, age groups and
425 III, 10. 4. 2 | methods for the evaluation of different aspects concerning risk
426 III, 10. 4. 2 | final guidance documents of different FOCUS Working Groups. These
427 III, 10. 4. 2 | gives birth to animals not different from controls. This is attributed
428 III, 10. 4. 2 | messages to the needs of different audience;~· ensuring consistency
429 III, 10. 4. 4 | products, may result in different health effects such as allergies,
430 III, 10. 4. 5 | enterococci, instead of the 19 different tests used previously. This
431 III, 10. 4. 5 | European countries and in different economic sectors.~ ~DG Environment’
432 III, 10. 4. 5 | for waste generation than different prevention initiatives,
433 III, 10. 4. 5 | waste types, reflecting the different socio-economic drivers.
434 III, 10. 4. 5 | generated during the Soviet era. Different pollutants were accumulated,
435 III, 10. 4. 5 | sources of pollution from different waste management options
436 III, 10. 4. 5 | usually a large number of different substances, with only few
437 III, 10. 4. 5 | Europe, depending on the different national management approaches
438 III, 10. 4. 5 | pollution by waste is covered by different directives such as:~ ~·
439 III, 10. 5. 1 | mechanisms of exposure may be different. For example, there are
440 III, 10. 5. 1 | the school environment in different parts of the world. One
441 III, 10. 5. 1 | 20°C increased speed at different tests in 10-12 y old pupils (
442 III, 10. 5. 1 | conditions can occur for different socio-economic groups.~ ~
443 III, 10. 5. 2 | categorization using three different categories are therefore
444 III, 10. 5. 2 | categories are therefore much different than the data discussed
445 III, 10. 5. 2 | service accessibility may be different between urbanized and rural
446 III, 10. 5. 2 | therefore suggests that different approaches to healthcare
447 III, 10. 5. 2 | type of disease, there are different findings on the variations
448 III, 10. 5. 2 | see also Section 8.3.1.)~Different than for health status,
449 III, 10. 5. 2 | no date given): What`s different about rural health care? [
450 III, 10. 5. 2 | nrharural.org/about/sub/different.html] (accessed on 12 April
451 III, 10. 5. 3 | accidents according to the different systems in the Member States.
452 III, 10. 5. 3 | work-related diseases” has several different meanings. However, nowadays
453 III, 10. 5. 3 | used in several studies for different purposes although it is
454 III, 10. 5. 3 | especially when several different organisations are working
455 III, 10. 5. 3 | health, although embedded in different concepts, have common goals,
456 III, 10. 5. 3 | approaches operating using different methods, with staff not
457 III, 10. 5. 3 | are usually allocated to different ministries on national and
458 III, 10. 5. 3 | benefits~In contrast with their different origins, there are common
459 III, 10. 5. 3 | for collaboration across different professions and policy fields.~
460 III, 10. 5. 3 | its more flexible nature (different forms of employment such
461 III, 10. 5. 3 | across the Member States, the different sectors, companies and groups
462 III, 10. 6. 2 | and is influenced by many different sectors of society, it is
463 III, 10. 6. 2 | taking political decisions at different levels. The last five objectives
464 III, 10. 6. 2 | policy is divided among different sectors and different levels
465 III, 10. 6. 2 | among different sectors and different levels of society (municipalities,
466 III, 10. 6. 2 | horizontal linking of the different sectors involved in population
467 III, 10. 6. 2 | Clearly “closing the gap” is a different objective than “ ensuring
468 III, 10. 6. 3 | mental and sexual), occurs in different environments (in the family,
469 III, 10. 6. 3 | immediately confronted at several different levels. The recording of
470 IV, 11. 1. 1 | variance in health status and different disease incidence between
471 IV, 11. 1. 1 | degrees, an examination of the different elements which characterize
472 IV, 11. 1. 1 | through a solid grasp of the different elements and functions of
473 IV, 11. 1. 3 | of both, the balance in different countries depending on many
474 IV, 11. 1. 3 | the policy objectives in different countries, some measures
475 IV, 11. 1. 4 | through surveys - also the different principles of equity are
476 IV, 11. 1. 5 | care. It is therefore very different from questions about satisfaction
477 IV, 11. 1. 6 | out.~ ~Each of these have different inherent incentives. Fee-for-service
478 IV, 11. 1. 6 | theoretical incentives of different remuneration strategies
479 IV, 11. 1. 6 | and in some cases in their different roles within countries,
480 IV, 11. 1. 6 | introduced DRG systems, and with different systems of patient classification,
481 IV, 11. 1. 6 | an existing system (with different modifications across countries),
482 IV, 11. 1. 6 | calculated on the basis of different data sources across the
483 IV, 11. 1. 6 | prices. For the former, different methods can be used to detect
484 IV, 11. 2. 1 | hospitals is organized in different ways across Europe. Some
485 IV, 11. 2. 1 | high-quality care will look very different in the coming years.~ ~
486 IV, 11. 2. 2 | setting priorities among different public health interventions.
487 IV, 11. 3. 2 | Governments choose a mix of different controls and regulations
488 IV, 11. 3. 2 | price can be defined in different ways, such as the lowest
489 IV, 11. 3. 2 | existence of competition, with different mechanisms employed across
490 IV, 11. 3. 2 | Evidence of the impact of this different type of incentives is not
491 IV, 11. 5. 1 | professionals falling under different jurisdictions. Organ donation
492 IV, 11. 5. 1 | dealt with differently in different Member States depending
493 IV, 11. 5. 1 | fall below 10 pmp.~ ~Two different models are present in the
494 IV, 11. 5. 1 | In the light of these two different models, the EU transplant
495 IV, 11. 5. 3 | procedures~ ~The requirements in different countries in relation with
496 IV, 11. 5. 3 | 11. Organ Procurement in different European countries~Figure
497 IV, 11. 5. 3 | Organ transplantation in different European countries~Figure
498 IV, 11. 5. 3 | import/export of organs in different European countries~Figure
499 IV, 11. 5. 3 | with register in plan in different settings~ ~Only 8 countries
500 IV, 11. 5. 3 | Figure 11.15 shows the different factors included in the
