Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 3 | among the most vulnerable groups. The fight against discrimination
2 I, 2. 3 | background these immigrant groups have lived with in the past.
3 I, 2. 3 | rather rare among minority groups, although a bit rising.
4 I, 2. 4 | neighbourhoods), between social groups and also between Europe
5 I, 2. 4 | particularly, between the groups of the 15 countries already
6 I, 2. 4 | neighbourhoods), between social groups and also between Europe
7 I, 2. 4 | income level, or other groups such as migrants, differ
8 I, 2. 4 | differences between socio-economic groups widened during the last
9 I, 2. 4 | the lowest socio-economic groups.~ ~The explanation of this
10 I, 2. 4 | difference between socio-economic groups in the speed of mortality
11 I, 2. 4 | declined in all socio-economic groups, the decline has been proportionally
12 I, 2. 4 | the higher socio-economic groups than in the lower. The faster
13 I, 2. 4 | in higher socio-economic groups were in their turn mostly
14 I, 2. 4 | up by all socio-economic groups, the higher socio-economic
15 I, 2. 4 | the higher socio-economic groups tended to benefit more from
16 I, 2. 4 | shared between socio-economic groups: in the countries with available
17 I, 2. 4 | the lower socio-economic groups. Apparently, people with
18 I, 2. 4 | in the lower educational groups.~ ~Moreover, the European
19 I, 2. 4 | remains uneven across social groups. A major challenge is allowing
20 I, 2. 4 | to lower socio-economic groups is needed. Virtually, all
21 I, 2. 5 | trend is immigration of new groups into European Member States.~
22 I, 2. 5 | among the most vulnerable groups. The fight against discrimination
23 I, 2. 6 | millions in 2050. For all age groups, the main explanation for
24 I, 2. 9 | mammals and other animal groups. Climate change has caused
25 I, 2. 9 | life cycles of many animal groups (phenology), including frog
26 I, 2. 10. 1| lead to the description of groups individual prevention programmes
27 I, 3. 3 | relation to various age groups in 1975, 2005, 2010 and
28 II, 4. 2 | same for young and old age groups; there have been differences
29 II, 4. 2 | expectancy changes by age groups. Based on the (unweighted)
30 II, 4. 2 | the contribution of age groups to the increase in life
31 II, 4. 2 | expectancy. For men, age groups 65-74 contributed almost
32 II, 4. 2 | birth, and for women the age groups 70-84 even contributed one
33 II, 4. 2 | contribution of the oldest age groups to the increase in life
34 II, 4. 2 | decline in mortality for age groups 80 and over, reaching even
35 II, 4. 2 | in mortality across age groups, even though in most countries
36 II, 5. 2. 2| mortality in the different age groups for circulatory system (
37 II, 5. 2. 2| OCSE) data for aggregated groups of causes of deaths and
38 II, 5. 2. 2| mortality rates for the age groups 35-74 and 35-84 years separately
39 II, 5. 2. 3| procedures cover different age groups, while the degree of validation
40 II, 5. 3. 2| treatment between social groups. To perform these studies
41 II, 5. 3. 6| stomach cancer survival groups both for men and women:
42 II, 5. 3. 7| especially lower socio-economic groups), to a more successful treatment
43 II, 5. 3. 7| young medical oncological groups are present in the national
44 II, 5. 4.Acr| Dose~DRG~Diagnosis Related Groups~ECHI~European Community
45 II, 5. 4. 1| increase of people of all age groups suffering from overweight
46 II, 5. 4. 2| based on Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), has favoured consistent
47 II, 5. 4. 3| percentage increases in the age groups above 65.~Blood pressure
48 II, 5. 4. 6| population and high-risk groups and to reducing inequalities
49 II, 5. 5.Int| susceptible as men8. Disadvantaged groups face a greater risk of mental
50 II, 5. 5.Int| and women from minority groups are at a higher risk for
51 II, 5. 5. 1| more frequent in young age groups (Alonso et al, 2004a). Major
52 II, 5. 5. 1| 65 than for the other age groups (Eurostat statistics, available
53 II, 5. 5. 1| It is available in age groups 0-64 years and all ages.
54 II, 5. 5. 1| as the reference. Three groups of countries could thus
55 II, 5. 5. 1| in both 15-64 and 65+ age groups, females in all countries
56 II, 5. 5. 1| belonging to different age groups, children and adolescence,
57 II, 5. 5. 2| women in 9 different age groups (30-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-
58 II, 5. 5. 2| combined, in five year age groups from 60 to 84 years and
59 II, 5. 5. 2| prevalence rates per 5 year age groups up to the age of 99, whereas
60 II, 5. 5. 2| 30 to 99 in five year age groups. Once extracted, those for
61 II, 5. 5. 2| extracted, those for the age groups between 30 and 59 were added
62 II, 5. 5. 2| available for the higher age groups. This was the case for Austria,
63 II, 5. 5. 2| reliable statistics for all age groups and the under-diagnosis
64 II, 5. 5. 2| reduction and one of the working groups of the afore-mentioned EuroCoDe
65 II, 5. 5. 3| level. Several population groups can be used as sample group (
66 II, 5. 5. 3| and vulnerable population groups~ ~Eating disorders are rare
67 II, 5. 5. 3| even broader diagnostic groups of psychiatric disorders.
68 II, 5. 5. 3| efficacy in certain patient groups but give little to no information
69 II, 5. 5. 3| stigmatization reported by six focus groups (three with people with
70 II, 5. 5. 3| Options” (2005) mentions 7 groups of disorders for which effective
71 II, 5. 5. 3| sector and through Parents’ Groups. This situation is profoundly
72 II, 5. 5. 3| patients in different age groups (children, adults, elderly).~
73 II, 5. 5. 3| decrease in the younger age groups and increase in the elderly.
74 II, 5. 5. 3| found to shift between age groups. The percentage of cases
75 II, 5. 5. 3| the younger and older age groups are based on small samples
76 II, 5. 5. 3| distribution of MS in ethnic groups with different susceptibility.~
77 II, 5. 5. 3| prevalence in older age groups (>85y; 2205/100.000), however,
78 II, 5. 5. 3| respectively. When only older age groups (>60 years) were included,
79 II, 5. 5. 3| to the HY scale in five groups (Figure 5.5.3.6.3). In the
80 II, 5. 5. 3| and international PD user groups have been established.~A
81 II, 5. 5. 3| disease: the role of food groups and specific foods. Mov
82 II, 5. 6. 4| importance of these three groups varies, but in several countries,
83 II, 5. 9. FB| differences between the two groups were found regarding the
84 II, 5. 9. 2| to asthma (J45-J46 ICD9)~Groups of diseases which are dealt
85 II, 5. 9. 2| including patients from all age groups with current asthma. A total
86 II, 5. 9. 3| or =20-years age-at-onset groups, respectively). Further
87 II, 5. 9. 4| more frequent in particular groups of workers: over 300 substances
88 II, 5. 9. 4| differences between age groups. Farm children living in
89 II, 5. 9. 4| bioassays, five distinct groups could be identified. The
90 II, 5. 10. 4| particular concern in certain age groups such as children and pregnant
91 II, 5. 10. 6| true prevalence across age groups, taking into account gender
92 II, 5. 11. 1| less than 10 skin disease groups probably account for 70%
93 II, 5. 11. 3| socio-economically advantaged groups and smaller families. Ethnic
94 II, 5. 11. 3| studies have looked at special groups such as occupations at high
95 II, 5. 11. 3| 8% in the following age groups:15–24, 25–34, 35–54 and
96 II, 5. 11. 3| pemphigus and pemphigoid groups).~Therefore, it is quite
97 II, 5. 13 | in very large population groups throughout Europe, some
98 II, 5. 13 | quantities by specific population groups; this originates diseases
99 II, 5. 13 | significant in certain risk groups among elderly, children,
100 II, 5. 14. 1| makers is that some special groups are disadvantaged in terms
101 II, 5. 14. 1| identifying disadvantaged groups and will contribute to oral
102 II, 5. 14. 3| Minorities and deprived groups in many European countries
103 II, 5. 14. 3| homes. Other population groups at high risk for dental
104 II, 5. 14. 3| status; ethnic minority groups; individuals with developmental
105 II, 5. 14. 3| with the older population groups. It can also profoundly
106 II, 5. 14. 3| limitations among population groups with a high risk of tooth
107 II, 5. 14. 5| focus on specific population groups according to specific life-styles –
108 II, 5. 14. 5| life involvement of entire groups of population such as the
109 II, 5. 14. 5| makers is that some special groups are disadvantaged in terms
110 II, 5. 14. 5| identifying disadvantaged groups, and will contribute to
111 II, 5. 14. 6| part of the most vulnerable groups affected and within this
112 II, 5. 14. 6| efforts on these special groups of populations. This will
113 II, 5. 14. 6| identification of these groups and the decision making
114 II, 5. 15. 3| habits. In some cultural groups, up to 25% of couples are
115 II, 5. 15. 3| population in terms of cultural groups and may vary in time.~ ~
116 II, 5. 15. 5| among the most empowered groups of the health sector, mainly
117 II, 5. 15. 5| other deprived and excluded groups.~ ~The rise of attention
118 II, 6. 3. 1| population segments and risk groups). For some of these diseases
119 II, 6. 3. 1| In 22 diseases the age groups most affected were those
120 II, 6. 3. 1| population. Of the main disease groups, the ‘Zoonoses’ and ‘Serious
121 II, 6. 3. 1| Serious imported disease’ groups had the lowest incidence
122 II, 6. 3. 1| incidence (2005), main age groups affected (2005), and major
123 II, 6. 3. 3| successfully approach these groups in society.~Immediately
124 II, 6. 3. 4| autumn for three major risk groups (the elderly, healthcare
125 II, 6. 3. 4| coverage in these selected groups, but also by adopting other
126 II, 6. 3. 4| A1.3 Cases of TB by age groups~ ~ ~ ~ ~The EU countries
127 II, 6. 3. 4| improve surveillance on risk groups and drug resistance and
128 II, 6. 3. 4| vaccination of high-risk groups. Since the vaccine is not
129 II, 6. 3. 4| interventions for specific risk groups, including guidelines for
130 II, 6. 3. 5| tract infections in all age groups, but is also common as asymptomatic
131 II, 6. 3. 5| reported among the youngest age groups (0–14 years).~ ~In 2005,
132 II, 6. 3. 6| steadily in the older age groups. Some countries, notably
133 II, 6. 3. 6| cases occurred in the age groups under 15 years. Comparisons
134 II, 6. 3. 6| The two most affected age groups are children 5–14 years
135 II, 6. 4. 4| to cover work on several groups of diseases.~ ~The ECDC
136 II, 7. 1 | attention also to vulnerable groups, provide information for
137 II, 7. 1 | addressing risk settings and risk groups that have until now received
138 II, 7. 3. 2| When you combine all age groups, i.e. young through to old
139 II, 7. 3. 5| WHO, 2002).~ ~For all age groups taken together, interpersonal
140 II, 7. 3. 5| evenly among sex or age groups. More men than women are
141 II, 7. 4 | On average, in all age groups, injuries account for about
142 II, 7. 4 | in its impact on social groups: The risk of dying from
143 II, 7. 4. 1| Special focus is on high risk groups prone to taking excessive
144 II, 7. 4. 2| relation to the respective risk groups should be disseminated among
145 II, 7. 4. 2| among related professional groups, management of care facilities
146 II, 7. 4. 3| roads. Among the different groups participating in road traffic,
147 II, 7. 4. 6| ethnic group. Marginalized groups such as minorities, refugees,
148 II, 7. 5 | professionals, so that these groups can serve as competent actors
149 II, 7. 6 | politically less well organised groups such as the aged, depressed,
150 II, 7. 6 | strongly organized professional groups involved. The challenge
151 II, 8. 1. 1| particular vulnerable population groups, which require special health
152 II, 8. 1. 2| in various socioeconomic groups as well as the percentage
153 II, 8. 1. 3| compared with older age groups. Among people with considerable
154 II, 8. 2. 1| and across socio-economic groups. Mild to moderate learning
155 II, 8. 2. 1| moderate cases.~ ~Vulnerable groups~ ~Overall, it is important
156 II, 8. 2. 1| disabilities, however, some groups are particularly vulnerable
157 II, 8. 2. 2| assumptions applied to Country groups characterized mainly by
158 II, 8. 2. 2| assumptions applied to Country groups characterized mainly by
159 II, 8. 2. 2| collected in population groups characterised by different
160 II, 9 | AGE AND GENDER~POPULATION GROUPS~This chapter deals with
161 II, 9 | different age population groups (i.e. mothers at delivery,
162 II, 9 | these different population groups differ largely from each
163 II, 9 | for the five population groups which are involved in these
164 II, 9 | large variation in both groups.~ ~Smoking during pregnancy.
165 II, 9 | disadvantaged population groups, defined by educational
166 II, 9 | sensitive for younger age groups. The ranges of reported
167 II, 9 | and regions and all age groups, girls are less active than
168 II, 9. 1. 1| gestational age and birthweight groups.~Countries differ in their
169 II, 9. 1. 1| growth restriction; all these groups are at a higher risk of
170 II, 9. 1. 2| large variation in both groups.~ ~Smoking during pregnancy.
171 II, 9. 1. 2| disadvantaged population groups, defined by educational
172 II, 9. 1. 2| pollution. Minority ethnic groups may experience higher risks
173 II, 9. 2. 2| employment (WHO/HSBC 2004). These groups may be living in extreme
174 II, 9. 2. 3| occurs frequently in specific groups of frequently socially marginalised
175 II, 9. 2. 4| sensitive for younger age groups. The ranges of reported
176 II, 9. 2. 4| and regions and all age groups, girls are less active than
177 II, 9. 2. 5| among different population groups. It calls for action: ‘the
178 II, 9. 2. 5| gap between socioeconomic groups within countries should
179 II, 9. 2. 5| health of disadvantaged groups’ (WHO, 1999).~ ~WHO/Europe’
180 II, 9. 3. 1| incidence rate than other age groups, but older workers (55-64
181 II, 9. 3. 1| and women from minority groups are at heightened risk for
182 II, 9. 3. 1| sexes are low in all age groups (EUROSTAT). Suicide rates
183 II, 9. 3. 1| women of other racial/ethnic groups. Cross-cultural comparisons
184 II, 9. 3. 1| countries and among ethnic groups within countries in type (
185 II, 9. 3. 3| are one of the vulnerable groups for what concerns sexual
186 II, 9. 3. 3| are done by many different groups.~· Comparative data on health
187 II, 9. 3. 3| societies, and to particular groups and individuals within them.~ ~
188 II, 9. 3. 3| results from online focus groups.J Adolesc 28:535-40.~Currie
189 II, 9. 4. 1| health promotion policies to target groups.~ ~Diversity in relation
190 II, 9. 4. 2| increasing in the older age groups, it is difficult to access
191 II, 9. 4. 3| than amongst the 25-64 age groups (exceptions include men
192 II, 9. 4. 5| countries. Certain ‘forgotten’ groups of older people are at a
193 II, 9. 4. 5| people. As in other age groups, poverty and lower socio-economic
194 II, 9. 4. 5| in more privileged social groups. Further research is needed
195 II, 9. 4. 5| that different vulnerable groups may face as they age across
196 II, 9. 4. 5| needed to empower these groups and engage them in their
197 II, 9. 5. 1| most vulnerable population groups.~ ~Economic inequalities
198 II, 9. 5. 3| and regions and all age groups and the gender gap increases
199 II, 9. 5. 4| vulnerable and marginalised groups of women to ensure that
200 II, 9. 5. 5| and risks of all diverse groups are recognized. It is adamant
201 III, 10. 1 | single determinants or single groups of determinants alone is
202 III, 10. 1 | determinants. Basically five groups of determinants can be distinguished,
203 III, 10. 1 | Potentially sensitive groups at higher risk for damage
204 III, 10. 1. 1| Association between different groups of determinants (lifestyle
205 III, 10. 2. 1| among lower socio-economic groups. European youth has the
206 III, 10. 2. 1| of higher socio-economic groups;~· In stage 2, smoking becomes
207 III, 10. 2. 1| equal among socioeconomic groups or higher among higher socioeconomic
208 III, 10. 2. 1| among higher socioeconomic groups. Among women, these patterns
209 III, 10. 2. 1| from higher socioeconomic groups;~· In stage 3, prevalence
210 III, 10. 2. 1| the lower socio-economic groups.~ ~In most countries smoking
211 III, 10. 2. 1| gives governments and other groups a baseline for monitoring
212 III, 10. 2. 1| industry or related advocacy groups (Babor et al, 2003). In
213 III, 10. 2. 1| widespread among certain groups of recreational nightlife
214 III, 10. 2. 1| started to grow among multiple groups, including problem opioid
215 III, 10. 2. 1| etc. Almost all of these groups are characterized by poly-drug
216 III, 10. 2. 1| interventions targeting different groups at-risk (school drop-outs,
217 III, 10. 2. 1| with hard to reach target groups.~ ~
218 III, 10. 2. 1| dominant pattern among many groups of drug users and problem
219 III, 10. 2. 1| considerable in all age groups. In particular, children
220 III, 10. 2. 1| underprivileged high risk groups targeted through integrated
221 III, 10. 2. 1| consists of various product groups such as dental floss, dental
222 III, 10. 2. 1| not be found in these age groups as well. (Marinho et al.,
223 III, 10. 2. 1| catering for different consumer groups and needs, continues to
224 III, 10. 2. 1| of different population groups according to their lifestyles,
225 III, 10. 2. 1| country using the high risk groups approach. It is an educational
226 III, 10. 2. 1| among parents of all age groups of children. This very positive
227 III, 10. 2. 1| Under-served population groups are found in both developed
228 III, 10. 2. 1| definitions; a standard set of age groups for reporting; a standard
229 III, 10. 2. 1| variations existed among all age groups; for example, the proportion
230 III, 10. 2. 1| affects socially disadvantaged groups, who have less free time
231 III, 10. 2. 1| requirements of the different age groups from birth to old age and
232 III, 10. 2. 1| in very large population groups throughout Europe, some
233 III, 10. 2. 1| quantities by specific population groups, thus originating disease
234 III, 10. 2. 1| significant in certain risk groups among elderly, children,
235 III, 10. 2. 1| into the following age groups; children aged 0-9 years;
236 III, 10. 2. 1| nutritional status of particular groups of the adult population~ ~
237 III, 10. 2. 1| comparable food items or groups among DAFNE countries, as
238 III, 10. 2. 1| among specific population groups categorized per income level,
239 III, 10. 2. 1| of obesity shifting from groups with higher socioeconomic
240 III, 10. 2. 1| status in almost all age groups regardless of the country
241 III, 10. 2. 1| nutrient in certain population groups as premenopausal women for
242 III, 10. 2. 1| least in certain population groups. Thus, the 2nd Viennese
243 III, 10. 2. 1| affect different population groups. However, there are some
244 III, 10. 2. 1| over various well-defined groups of individuals. These data
245 III, 10. 2. 1| intake goals~ ~Population groups having a less than adequate
246 III, 10. 2. 1| and even there specific groups may have to be taken into
247 III, 10. 2. 1| will vary among population groups.~· More than one dietary
248 III, 10. 2. 1| for different population groups~ ~ ~ ~Source: Adapted from
249 III, 10. 2. 1| workable for the target groups. FBDG should principally
250 III, 10. 2. 1| for different population groups. In step 2 and 3, important
251 III, 10. 2. 4| lead to the description of groups with a significant size.~ ~
252 III, 10. 2. 4| high, moderate and low risk groups; the stratification by “
253 III, 10. 2. 4| Amongst them there are groups working specifically on
254 III, 10. 2. 4| first, identified high risk groups and implemented interventions
255 III, 10. 2. 5| prevalent in different age groups see Chapter 9.~ ~
256 III, 10. 3. 1| for different vulnerable groups, such as children and workers.
257 III, 10. 3. 1| for the various population groups. Only very few countries
258 III, 10. 3. 1| UVR is divided into 3 groups depending on the wave length;
259 III, 10. 3. 2| distinguishing between different groups of chemicals; industrial
260 III, 10. 3. 2| is also made to the other groups. In general, the production
261 III, 10. 3. 2| identified four priority groups of diseases: childhood cancer,
262 III, 10. 3. 2| identifies four priority groups of diseases or physiological
263 III, 10. 3. 2| shown that certain human groups can be at increased risk
264 III, 10. 3. 3| In 22 diseases, the age groups most affected were under
265 III, 10. 3. 3| generations. Of the main disease groups, the ‘Zoonoses’ and ‘Serious
266 III, 10. 3. 3| Serious imported disease’ groups had the lowest incidence
267 III, 10. 3. 3| tract infections in all age groups. Invasive meningococcal
268 III, 10. 3. 3| population segments and risk groups) (table 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table
269 III, 10. 3. 3| trends (1995–2005), main age groups affected (2005), and major
270 III, 10. 3. 4| annual mortality in older age groups in Europe , although large
271 III, 10. 3. 4| 15–20% higher in all age groups, in Italy 32–33% and in
272 III, 10. 3. 4| people (+18% in Rome) and in groups with lower educational levels (+
273 III, 10. 3. 4| patients and vulnerable groups representing a further risk.~ ~
274 III, 10. 3. 4| situation, especially vulnerable groups. Although water supply was
275 III, 10. 3. 4| health care by vulnerable groups may not have been sufficiently
276 III, 10. 4. 1| ExternE Project, other expert groups,~ ~· Main assumptions~ ~-
277 III, 10. 4. 1| awareness amongst sensitive groups; second, it increases the
278 III, 10. 4. 1| need to be taken by other groups, it is after all the health
279 III, 10. 4. 2| additional 17 substance groups that may degrade to PFCA (
280 III, 10. 4. 2| of criteria for selecting groups of compounds to be studied
281 III, 10. 4. 2| diet sets for different groups of population and short
282 III, 10. 4. 2| different countries, age groups and pesticides, the PPR
283 III, 10. 4. 2| different FOCUS Working Groups. These cover the comparability
284 III, 10. 4. 2| products. Six expert working groups of the PPR Panel considered
285 III, 10. 4. 2| only certain population groups, e.g. vulnerable groups,
286 III, 10. 4. 2| groups, e.g. vulnerable groups, should be considered. For
287 III, 10. 4. 3| are higher in low income groups or countries with medium
288 III, 10. 4. 3| than in other population groups (WHO 2006). From 1993 to
289 III, 10. 4. 5| population (including vulnerable groups) and appreciation of inequity
290 III, 10. 5. 1| health of specific population groups. For example, large air
291 III, 10. 5. 1| sensitive / allergic population groups (Seltzer / Fedoruk 2007).
292 III, 10. 5. 1| different socio-economic groups.~ ~Figure 10.5.1.3. Housing
293 III, 10. 5. 2| specific diseases or disease groups, such as sexually transmitted
294 III, 10. 5. 3| was due to only 5 disease groups. Among these, the distribution
295 III, 10. 5. 3| trend is immigration of new groups into European Member States.
296 III, 10. 5. 3| different sectors, companies and groups of employees.~The evaluation
297 III, 10. 6. 1| participation in organisations or groups.~ ~The 3-item Oslo social
298 III, 10. 6. 1| network (size of friendship groups, frequency of contacts with
299 III, 10. 6. 1| When considering all age groups, daily contact took place
300 III, 10. 6. 1| young people of all age groups and both sexes regard communication
301 III, 10. 6. 1| area of Belgium in all age groups between 11 and 15 years
302 III, 10. 6. 1| and more common in all age groups among girls than among boys.
303 III, 10. 6. 1| such as conspicuous youth groups or people with a strange
304 III, 10. 6. 2| in lower socio-economic groups. Last but not least, the
305 III, 10. 6. 2| factors in lower status groups across one’s life course
306 III, 10. 6. 2| differences between socio-economic groups widened during the last
307 III, 10. 6. 2| the lowest socio-economic groups. One important aspect is
308 III, 10. 6. 2| difference between socio-economic groups in the speed of mortality
309 III, 10. 6. 2| difference between socio-economic groups in the speed of mortality
310 III, 10. 6. 2| declined in all socio-economic groups, the decline has been proportionally
311 III, 10. 6. 2| the higher socio-economic groups than in the lower. The faster
312 III, 10. 6. 2| in higher socio-economic groups were in their turn mostly
313 III, 10. 6. 2| up by all socio-economic groups, the higher socio-economic
314 III, 10. 6. 2| the higher socio-economic groups were the ones who experienced
315 III, 10. 6. 2| shared between socio-economic groups: in the countries with available
316 III, 10. 6. 2| the lower socio-economic groups. Apparently, people with
317 III, 10. 6. 2| in the lower educational groups (Table 10.6.2.1).~ ~Table
318 III, 10. 6. 2| remains uneven across social groups. High risk populations in
319 III, 10. 6. 2| income level, or other groups such as migrants, differ
320 III, 10. 6. 2| to lower socio-economic groups is needed. Virtually, all
321 III, 10. 6. 2| the health of vulnerable groups within their societies.
322 III, 10. 6. 2| employment for vulnerable groups. All participants are people
323 III, 10. 6. 3| fatal injuries of all age groups in the EU27 and in particular
324 III, 10. 6. 3| evenly among sex or age groups. More men than women are
325 III, 10. 6. 3| such as conspicuous youth groups or people with a strange
326 IV, 11.Acr | Contributions~DRGs~Diagnosis Related Groups~ECHP~European Community
327 IV, 11. 1. 4| financial burden across income groups and the distribution of
328 IV, 11. 1. 4| times across population groups, e.g. socio-economic groups.
329 IV, 11. 1. 4| groups, e.g. socio-economic groups. However, there is evidence
330 IV, 11. 1. 4| may allow higher income groups with private insurance to
331 IV, 11. 1. 4| can affect some population groups where eligibility to receive
332 IV, 11. 1. 4| favouring certain population groups, such as higher income earners,
333 IV, 11. 1. 4| access for some vulnerable groups. More specifically, the
334 IV, 11. 1. 4| favouring the wealthy population groups again in Portugal and Finland,
335 IV, 11. 1. 5| individual professional groups, most Europeans have confidence
336 IV, 11. 1. 6| between employer and personnel groups.~Croatia~Capitation (with
337 IV, 11. 1. 6| to as diagnosis related groups (DRGs)) – a fixed fee for
338 IV, 11. 1. 6| defined: broad diagnosis groups may increase efficiency
339 IV, 11. 1. 6| whereas tightly defined groups may lead to over-treatment
340 IV, 11. 1. 6| via medical procedures, groups of medical procedures, or
341 IV, 11. 2. 2| pressure from interest groups and informal processes (
342 IV, 11. 5. 4| organs by organized criminal groups.~ ~The disparity between
343 IV, 11. 5. 4| organs by organized criminal groups.~ ~Organ trafficking is
344 IV, 11. 6. 2| needed to protect vulnerable groups. This can be done using
345 IV, 11. 6. 2| richer and better educated groups and is associated with higher
346 IV, 11. 6. 2| financial burden on lower income groups (Hills, 2000). The relative
347 IV, 11. 6. 2| finance care for population groups who cannot contribute such
348 IV, 11. 6. 2| above, certain population groups – e.g. those considered
349 IV, 11. 6. 3| progressive if higher income groups pay disproportionately more
350 IV, 11. 6. 3| higher to the lower income groups depends on both the progressiveness
351 IV, 11. 6. 3| benefits the lower income groups disproportionately may create
352 IV, 11. 6. 3| favour the higher income groups.~ ~While studies to date
353 IV, 11. 6. 4| to the exclusion of some groups. Moreover, evidence suggests
354 IV, 11. 6. 4| resource use. For example, the groups involved in reimbursement
355 IV, 11. 6. 5| rates for diagnosis related groups (DRGs): A comparison of
356 IV, 12. 2 | closely with stakeholder groups, and with regional and local
357 IV, 12. 2 | gives governments and other groups a baseline from which to
358 IV, 12. 2 | industry or related advocacy groups. In the context of public
359 IV, 12. 5 | a system of consultative groups, set-up under the Community
360 IV, 12. 5 | performed in a number of working groups established under the Public
361 IV, 12. 6 | involves the following key groups of organizations in the
362 IV, 12. 6 | Representation between the key groups of stakeholders is properly
363 IV, 12. 10 | helping lower socioeconomic groups, are distributed through
364 IV, 12. 10 | diseases: prophylaxis for groups in nursery school and primary
365 IV, 12. 10 | for vulnerable population groups.~ ~ ~ ~Socio-economic determinants ~ ~
366 IV, 12. 10 | for specific populations groups such as children and adolescent.
367 IV, 12. 10 | and protecting vulnerable groups~ in society.~Gender issues~
368 IV, 12. 10 | to the labor market for groups suffering discrimination~
369 IV, 12. 10 | treat members of social groups vulnerable to psychoemotional
370 IV, 12. 10 | cancer screening for the age groups of 60 to 69, in addition
371 IV, 12. 10 | the lower socioeconomic groups, such measures related to
372 IV, 12. 10 | society. Regional management groups are an important part of
373 IV, 12. 10 | different products/product groups~ ~Domain of objective 5~ ~
374 IV, 13.Acr | pressure from interest groups and informal processes.~ ~
375 IV, 13. 1 | differences among population groups with different socio-economic
376 IV, 13. 2. 3| factors. Potentially sensitive groups at higher risk for damage
377 IV, 13. 2. 4| impact within the population groups with specific lifestyles
378 IV, 13. 2. 4| benefit for the population groups with unhealthy habits.~ ~
379 IV, 13. 3 | disadvantaged population groups. Having a job represents
380 IV, 13. 3 | are among the vulnerable groups facing an even higher risk.~ ~
381 IV, 13. 3 | are among the vulnerable groups facing an even higher risk.~ ~ ~
382 IV, 13. 5 | expectancy observed among groups with different socio-economic
383 IV, 13. 5 | to lower socio-economic groups is needed. Virtually, all
384 IV, 13. 7. 5| health among population groups such as children, elderly
385 IV, 13. 7. 5| better identification of risk groups. Recent technical developments,
386 IV, 13. 8 | from small, local community groups to transnational organisations.
387 IV, 13. 8 | presenting the views of specific groups of European citizens to
388 IV, 13. 8 | fora, platforms and working groups initiated by the European
