Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 1. 1 | cardiovascular diseases; cancer; asthma and other respiratory diseases;
2 II, 5. 1. 1 | Respiratory diseases including asthma~The main determinants considered
3 II, 5. 1. 3 | proof it can help to reduce asthma morbidity in both adults
4 II, 5. 8. 2 | Europe~ ~Although COPD and asthma are considered as two different
5 II, 5. 8. 2 | 14% in Pisa also reported asthma (Viegi et al 2004).~ ~Table
6 II, 5. 8. 2 | emphysema~· obstructive:~ · asthma~ · bronchitis~ · tracheobronchitis~ ~ ~
7 II, 5. 8. 2 | tracheobronchitis~ ~ ~Excludes:~asthma ( J4 )~asthmatic bronchitis
8 II, 5. 8. 3 | cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, asthma was found in a French study
9 II, 5. 8. 3 | disease, lung cancer and asthma were more likely to be the
10 II, 5. 8. 3 | in the past year, namely: asthma, allergy, osteoporosis,
11 II, 5. 8. 3 | 2004) smoker patients with asthma or COPD proved to be at
12 II, 5. 8. 3 | Service Network with reported asthma or COPD. The results demonstrate
13 II, 5. 8. 3 | on the burden of COPD and asthma was performed in the city
14 II, 5. 8. 3 | higher for COPD than for asthma (Vrbica, 2007)..~ ~
15 II, 5. 8. 5 | diagnosis of COPD includes asthma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis,
16 II, 5. 8. 7 | prevalence and co-morbidity of asthma, chronic bronchitis and
17 II, 5. 8. 7 | airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary
18 II, 5. 8. 7 | Prevalence estimates of asthma or COPD from a health interview
19 II, 5. 8. 7 | newly diagnosed COPD and asthma in primary care. Chest 2005;
20 II, 5. 8. 7 | self-reported diagnosis of asthma or COPD. Chest 2004; 126:
21 II, 5. 8. 7 | Vrbica Ž (2007): COPD and Asthma: comparison of the utilization
22 II, 5. 8. 7 | depressed mood in employees with asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema:
23 II, 5. 9 | 5.9. Asthma and allergic rhinitis~ ~ ~ ~
24 II, 5. 9.Acr | Acronyms~ ~AIRE~Asthma Insights & Reality in Europe~
25 II, 5. 9.Acr | Rhinitis and its impact on Asthma~ECRHS~European Community
26 II, 5. 9.Acr | GA LEN~Global Allergy and Asthma European Network~GINA~Global
27 II, 5. 9.Acr | GINA~Global Initiative for Asthma~ISAAC~International Study
28 II, 5. 9.Acr | ISAAC~International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood~
29 II, 5. 9.Acr | Childhood~ISAYA~Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults~MAS~Multicentric
30 II, 5. 9. FB | allergic rhinitis or hay fever, asthma, atopic dermatitis - eczema -
31 II, 5. 9. FB | typical symptoms of allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and allergic
32 II, 5. 9. FB | allergic rhinitis and then to asthma. This evolution, known as “
33 II, 5. 9. FB | However, it can evolve in asthma; thus, prompt diagnosis
34 II, 5. 9. FB | further allergic reactions and asthma,.~ ~There are still some
35 II, 5. 9. FB | prevalence of atopy and allergic asthma was observed in the early
36 II, 5. 9. FB | the prevalence of allergic asthma and of bronchial hyperresponsiveness
37 II, 5. 9. FB | the incidence of allergic asthma, rhinitis and food allergies.
38 II, 5. 9. FB | the outcome of subsequent asthma, showed a 50% increase in
39 II, 5. 9. FB | birth weight on subsequent asthma had a pooled RR of 1.2 (
40 II, 5. 9. FB | increased risk for future asthma. Potential biological mechanisms
41 II, 5. 9. FB | the incidence of atopy and asthma. As stated by the America
42 II, 5. 9. FB | sensitization, atopy and asthma, additional measures for
43 II, 5. 9. FB | the risk of development of asthma; In young children already
44 II, 5. 9. FB | interplay of obesity and asthma. Current allergy and asthma
45 II, 5. 9. FB | asthma. Current allergy and asthma reports 2007, 7:385-389.~ ~
46 II, 5. 9. FB | 389.~ ~Story RE (2007): Asthma and obesity in children.
47 II, 5. 9. 1 | 5.9.1. Introduction~ ~Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory
48 II, 5. 9. 1 | functioning (Skoner, 2001).~ ~Asthma is estimated to affect approximately
49 II, 5. 9. 1 | estimated to affect 10–30%. Asthma and AR are often co-morbid
50 II, 5. 9. 1 | burden of AR in patients with asthma, AR can complicate asthma
51 II, 5. 9. 1 | asthma, AR can complicate asthma management and result in
52 II, 5. 9. 1 | management and result in poorer asthma outcomes. As a result, asthma-related
53 II, 5. 9. 1 | increase in patients with asthma and concomitant AR compared
54 II, 5. 9. 1 | AR compared to those with asthma alone (Braido et al, 2007).
55 II, 5. 9. 1 | rhinitis may improve coexisting asthma and vice versa; thus a combined
56 II, 5. 9. 1 | the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (
57 II, 5. 9. 1 | prevalence of both allergic asthma and rhinitis althought comparisons
58 II, 5. 9. 1 | attention as the prevalence of asthma is on a steady increase (
59 II, 5. 9. 1 | to the economic burden of asthma, which is considerable,
60 II, 5. 9. 2 | GA²LEN - Global Allergy and Asthma European Network funded
61 II, 5. 9. 2 | Paper~ ~Mortality due to asthma (J45-J46 ICD9)~Groups of
62 II, 5. 9. 2 | reference to ICD 9:~· Extrinsic asthma 493.00~(Excluded:~Allergic
63 II, 5. 9. 2 | 493.00~(Excluded:~Allergic asthma SAI 493.9~Detergent asthma
64 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthma SAI 493.9~Detergent asthma 507.8~Wood asthma 95.8~Miner’
65 II, 5. 9. 2 | Detergent asthma 507.8~Wood asthma 95.8~Miner’s asthma 500)~·
66 II, 5. 9. 2 | Wood asthma 95.8~Miner’s asthma 500)~· Extrinsic asthma
67 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthma 500)~· Extrinsic asthma without mention of status
68 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthmaticus 493.00~· Extrinsic asthma with status asthmaticus
69 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthmaticus 493.01~· Intrinsic asthma 493.1~· Late onset asthma
70 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthma 493.1~· Late onset asthma 493.1~· Intrinsic asthma
71 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthma 493.1~· Intrinsic asthma without mention of status
72 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthmaticus 493.10~· Intrinsic asthma with status asthmaticus
73 II, 5. 9. 2 | 11~· Chronic obstructive asthma 493.2~(Excluded:~Chronic
74 II, 5. 9. 2 | 2)~· Chronic obstructive asthma without mention of status
75 II, 5. 9. 2 | 2C~· Chronic obstructive asthma with status asthmaticus
76 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthmaticus 493.21~· Unspecified asthma without mention of status
77 II, 5. 9. 2 | asthmaticus 493.90~· Specified asthma with status asthmaticus
78 II, 5. 9. 2 | cases and the prevalence of asthma and AR for each country
79 II, 5. 9. 2 | methods for data collection on asthma. The first one is the International
80 II, 5. 9. 2 | the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (
81 II, 5. 9. 2 | prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis
82 II, 5. 9. 2 | about symptoms referred to asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis
83 II, 5. 9. 2 | with symptoms suggestive of asthma, the use of medication for
84 II, 5. 9. 2 | the use of medication for asthma and the presence of hay
85 II, 5. 9. 2 | age groups with current asthma. A total of 213,158 people
86 II, 5. 9. 2 | literature on time trends in asthma prevalence among children
87 II, 5. 9. 3 | to its natural history, asthma presents two different forms:
88 II, 5. 9. 3 | forms: early- and late-onset asthma.~ ~The first one occurs
89 II, 5. 9. 3 | people with early-onset asthma have a greater percentage
90 II, 5. 9. 3 | than people with late-onset asthma and the minority of the
91 II, 5. 9. 3 | patients with early-onset asthma represents about 35% of
92 II, 5. 9. 3 | described the history of asthma in childhood and in adulthood
93 II, 5. 9. 3 | between early- and late-onset asthma has not been noticed before
94 II, 5. 9. 3 | incidence and remission of asthma from birth to the age of
95 II, 5. 9. 3 | than patients with current asthma. The probability of remission
96 II, 5. 9. 3 | of the natural history of asthma, from birth to adulthood,
97 II, 5. 9. 3 | between the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms was
98 II, 5. 9. 3 | with a low prevalence of asthma, such as Greece, presented
99 II, 5. 9. 3 | such as the UK), where asthma prevalence was higher than
100 II, 5. 9. 3 | again that the prevalence of asthma varies widely, whilst the
101 II, 5. 9. 3 | good correlation between asthma (74% of country level and
102 II, 5. 9. 3 | country~ ~Figure 5.9.2. Asthma ever in ECHRS phase II and
103 II, 5. 9. 3 | country.~ ~Figure 5.9.3. Asthma by age 14 years in ECHRS
104 II, 5. 9. 3 | population prevalence of current asthma of 2.7% for the seven AIRE
105 II, 5. 9. 3 | to the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (
106 II, 5. 9. 3 | substantial increase in asthma prevalence has been emphasized
107 II, 5. 9. 3 | decreasing or stable trend for asthma or current wheeze at any
108 II, 5. 9. 3 | that the rising trends in asthma prevalence among adults
109 II, 5. 9. 3 | stable trends in childhood asthma since the late 90s (Greece,
110 II, 5. 9. 3 | shown a steadily rising asthma prevalence (East Germany,
111 II, 5. 9. 3 | trends in prevalence of asthma~ ~Table 5.9.2. Summary of
112 II, 5. 9. 3 | trends in prevalence of asthma~ ~Table 5.9.3. Summary of
113 II, 5. 9. 3 | disparities in trends for asthma and allergic rhinitis~ ~
114 II, 5. 9. 3 | changes; on the contrary, asthma symptoms were less common
115 II, 5. 9. 3 | marked reduction in current asthma symptoms prevalence in English
116 II, 5. 9. 3 | Although mortality is low, most asthma deaths result from acute
117 II, 5. 9. 3 | be avoidable. Death from asthma may thus be considered a
118 II, 5. 9. 3 | health care.~ ~Deaths due to asthma are estimated to be 250,
119 II, 5. 9. 3 | worldwide. EU mortality due to asthma (death defined by ICD-10
120 II, 5. 9. 3 | provided by the National Asthma Campaign (UK) concerning
121 II, 5. 9. 3 | Campaign (UK) concerning asthma primary care serving a population
122 II, 5. 9. 3 | of observation, 44900 had asthma diagnosis, 25100 received
123 II, 5. 9. 3 | costs related to allergic asthma and rhinitis were included
124 II, 5. 9. 3 | The total cost of care for asthma amounts to €17.7 billion .
125 II, 5. 9. 3 | often difficult to control, asthma is responsible for significant
126 II, 5. 9. 3 | 2003 ERJ). The burden of asthma care in Europe is consistent
127 II, 5. 9. 3 | proportion of direct costs of asthma care. The average physician
128 II, 5. 9. 3 | the total direct cost of asthma; hospital costs were 20-
129 II, 5. 9. 3 | of hospitalizations for asthma symptoms seems to have decreased
130 II, 5. 9. 3 | study on burden of COPD and asthma was performed in the city
131 II, 5. 9. 3 | Dubrovnik during 2002-2006. Asthma patients (4121) were treated
132 II, 5. 9. 3 | higher for COPD than for asthma.~ ~
133 II, 5. 9. 4 | continuously increasing, whilst asthma, after an increment trend,
134 II, 5. 9. 4 | rhinitis should undergo asthma assessment and vice versa.
135 II, 5. 9. 4 | children have shown increasing asthma prevalence with a less publicized
136 II, 5. 9. 4 | 34 to 0.98:1 P <0.0002), asthma (1.74 to 1.02:1 P <0.0001),
137 II, 5. 9. 4 | 0001). The diagnosis of asthma in children with wheeze
138 II, 5. 9. 4 | of the bias to diagnose asthma in symptomatic males but
139 II, 5. 9. 4 | enhancing the expression of asthma and atopy in females may
140 II, 5. 9. 4 | correlated to occupational asthma, whose symptoms are determined
141 II, 5. 9. 4 | derivatives). Occupational asthma is predominant in adulthood
142 II, 5. 9. 4 | determine about 1 in 10 cases of asthma in the working age. Occupations
143 II, 5. 9. 4 | the workplace in new-onset asthma. 6837 participants from
144 II, 5. 9. 4 | enrolled. A significant excess asthma risk was seen after exposure
145 II, 5. 9. 4 | known to cause occupational asthma (relative risk=1.6, 95%
146 II, 5. 9. 4 | Risks were higher for asthma defined by bronchial hyper-reactivity
147 II, 5. 9. 4 | significant excess risk of asthma was seen for nursing (2.
148 II, 5. 9. 4 | 2.2, 1.3-4.0, P=0.007). Asthma risk was also increased
149 II, 5. 9. 4 | population-attributable risk for adult asthma due to occupational exposures
150 II, 5. 9. 4 | of new-onset occupational asthma of 250-300 cases per million
151 II, 5. 9. 4 | areas; the prevalence of asthma (ever) for the whole sample
152 II, 5. 9. 4 | pollinosis (2.4%) and bronchial asthma (1.6%) than children (n =
153 II, 5. 9. 4 | prevalence of hay-fever 18.3%, of asthma 9.1%).~ ~These findings
154 II, 5. 9. 4 | development of childhood asthma. In turn, pet keeping in
155 II, 5. 9. 4 | current hay fever, 6.8% from asthma, 4.5% from atopic asthma.
156 II, 5. 9. 4 | asthma, 4.5% from atopic asthma. The prevalence of atopic
157 II, 5. 9. 4 | the prevalence of atopy, asthma and their association with
158 II, 5. 9. 4 | physician's diagnosis of asthma - 12.4% of the males and
159 II, 5. 9. 4 | between physician-diagnosed asthma and female sex (odds ratio,
160 II, 5. 9. 4 | wheezing (OR = 2.5) and asthma (OR = 3.8); and the child'
161 II, 5. 9. 4 | restricting the analysis to atopic asthma. In conclusion, atopy and
162 II, 5. 9. 4 | conclusion, atopy and clinical asthma among 13- to 14-yr-old adolescents
163 II, 5. 9. 4 | Prevalence of atopy, but not of asthma, is high in this industrialized
164 II, 5. 9. 4 | between atopy and clinical asthma suggests that atopy may
165 II, 5. 9. 4 | may play a role in causing asthma in genetically predisposed
166 II, 5. 9. 4 | collected on allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, hay
167 II, 5. 9. 4 | of both sensitization and asthma (1.3%) and rhinitis (15.
168 II, 5. 9. 4 | centres, showed that lifetime asthma and current wheeze were
169 II, 5. 9. 4 | born in Italy (lifetime asthma: 5.4% and 9.7% respectively,
170 II, 5. 9. 4 | Lower risks for lifetime asthma (prevalence odds ratio,
171 II, 5. 9. 4 | Moreover, the prevalence of asthma symptoms increased with
172 II, 5. 9. 4 | but yet the prevalence of asthma and allergy does not correlate
173 II, 5. 9. 4 | to the disease burden in asthma and allergy, and points
174 II, 5. 9. 5 | prevention approaches of the asthma and allergenic rhinitis
175 II, 5. 9. 5 | crucial for the improvement of asthma management. Most asthma
176 II, 5. 9. 5 | asthma management. Most asthma cases are self-managed by
177 II, 5. 9. 5 | concerned specifically with asthma and the aetiology of allergies,
178 II, 5. 9. 5 | in Europe on Allergy and Asthma issues coordinated by the
179 II, 5. 9. 5 | the burden of allergy and asthma throughout Europe.~ ~Research
180 II, 5. 9. 5 | influence the development of asthma and allergy and to assess
181 II, 5. 9. 5 | management approach for asthma patients as well as for
182 II, 5. 9. 5 | diseases;~3. monitoring asthma related deaths as an indicator
183 II, 5. 9. 6 | 6. Future Developments~ ~Asthma is a significant burden,
184 II, 5. 9. 6 | individual lifestyle: acute asthma episodes are for many people
185 II, 5. 9. 6 | for. Feeling that another asthma episode could start at any
186 II, 5. 9. 6 | anxious. Aspects of having asthma such as using an inhaler
187 II, 5. 9. 6 | triggers, as well as the asthma symptoms themselves, can
188 II, 5. 9. 6 | complete description of asthma, focused not only on clinical
189 II, 5. 9. 6 | objective evaluation of asthma symptoms with the subjective
190 II, 5. 9. 6 | to evaluate the impact of asthma from the patients’ point
191 II, 5. 9. 6 | international guidelines for asthma: the Global Initiative for
192 II, 5. 9. 6 | the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) document (GINA, 2006).
193 II, 5. 9. 6 | 2006). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention
194 II, 5. 9. 6 | allergic sensitization, asthma development and exacerbations
195 II, 5. 9. 6 | Rhinitis and its impact on Asthma), an organization, working
196 II, 5. 9. 6 | standard for the management of asthma. ARIA highlights the impact
197 II, 5. 9. 6 | of allergic rhinitis on asthma, that are common comorbidities,
198 II, 5. 9. 6 | between allergic rhinitis and asthma, increase the awareness
199 II, 5. 9. 7 | prevalence of symptoms of asthma, hay fever, and eczema in
200 II, 5. 9. 7 | quality of life. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 97:419-28~ ~
201 II, 5. 9. 7 | 1996): The costs of asthma. Eur Respir J. 2006 Apr;
202 II, 5. 9. 7 | the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
203 II, 5. 9. 7 | 753 European children with asthma. Rev Mal Respir. 2002 Oct;
204 II, 5. 9. 7 | Rhinitis and its impact on Asthma (ARIA). Clin Exp All Rev
205 II, 5. 9. 7 | Allergic rhinitis and asthma ad hoc survey: clinical
206 II, 5. 9. 7 | Incidence and remission of asthma: a retrospective study on
207 II, 5. 9. 7 | on the natural history of asthma in Italy. J Allergy Clin
208 II, 5. 9. 7 | prevalence of atopy, but not of asthma, among children in an industrialized
209 II, 5. 9. 7 | Platts-Mills TA (2005): Asthma and indoor air: contrasts
210 II, 5. 9. 7 | respiratory symptoms. Ann All Asthma Immunol 2005;94:561-565.~ ~
211 II, 5. 9. 7 | Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) (2006): Global strategy
212 II, 5. 9. 7 | 2006): Global strategy for asthma management and prevention.
213 II, 5. 9. 7 | R, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) (2004): The global
214 II, 5. 9. 7 | 2004): The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the
215 II, 5. 9. 7 | Factors and Genetics in Asthma (INGA) Study Group. GSF-National
216 II, 5. 9. 7 | Price D, Valovirta E (2006): Asthma out of control? A structured
217 II, 5. 9. 7 | European birth cohort study on asthma and atopic diseases : I.
218 II, 5. 9. 7 | prevalence rates for childhood asthma, eczema, and hay fever.
219 II, 5. 9. 7 | sensitization. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2005 May; 5(3):212-
220 II, 5. 9. 7 | A prospective study of asthma incidence and its predictors:
221 II, 5. 9. 7 | Ventura MT (2004): Allergy, asthma and markers of infections
222 II, 5. 9. 7 | the prevalence of adult asthma and allergic rhinitis still
223 II, 5. 9. 7 | Vrbica Ž (2007): COPD and Asthma: comparison of the utilization
224 II, 5. 10. 2 | AllerPredict~http n/~Asthma and Allergy~http de~Bioinformatics
225 II, 5. 10. 2 | the prevalence of adult asthma between countries (mostly
226 II, 5. 10. 2 | international variation in asthma prevalence throughout Europe.~ ~
227 II, 5. 10. 2 | bronchitis~492~Emphysema~493~Asthma~493.0~Asthma, extrinsic~
228 II, 5. 10. 2 | Emphysema~493~Asthma~493.0~Asthma, extrinsic~493.1~Asthma,
229 II, 5. 10. 2 | Asthma, extrinsic~493.1~Asthma, intrinsic~493.9~Asthma,
230 II, 5. 10. 2 | Asthma, intrinsic~493.9~Asthma, unspecified~495.9~Unspecified
231 II, 5. 11. 3 | eczema will go on to develop asthma and/or allergic rhinitis;
232 II, 5. 11. 3 | dermatitis) suggest that, like asthma and hay fever, is a major
233 II, 5. 11. 3 | be so severe as to induce asthma (LM Koenig et al, 1999).
234 II, 5. 11. 5 | many other diseases such as asthma, neurodevelopmental disorders
235 II, 9. 2. 1 | overweight, diabetes and asthma in children play out over
236 II, 9. 2. 3 | EUGLOREH Countries – Girls~ ~Asthma: It is evident that childhood
237 II, 9. 2. 3 | is evident that childhood asthma has grown significantly
238 II, 9. 2. 3 | the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (
239 II, 9. 2. 3 | rates of “ self-reported asthma symptoms” for children aged
240 II, 9. 2. 3 | wheezing is not diagnostic of asthma in an individual. Wheezing
241 II, 9. 2. 3 | specific to the diagnosis of asthma and there is no agreed way
242 II, 9. 2. 3 | identify the presence of asthma. Such a consideration may
243 II, 9. 2. 3 | may explain why much lower asthma rates are reported for UK
244 II, 9. 2. 3 | other sources. In fact, Asthma UK gives a figure of 10%
245 II, 9. 2. 3 | figure of 10% for childhood asthma, whilst the National Institute
246 II, 9. 2. 3 | corticosteroids states “ Asthma is the most common chronic
247 II, 9. 2. 3 | Moreover, “The Global Burden of asthma” (Masoli et al, 2004?),
248 II, 9. 2. 3 | the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), gives prevalence
249 II, 9. 2. 3 | prevalence rates of clinical asthma2 in 13- to 14-year-old children
250 II, 9. 2. 3(2)| prevalence of "clinical asthma." A number of arguments
251 II, 9. 2. 3(2)| prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma, asthma attacks or asthma
252 II, 9. 2. 3(2)| doctor-diagnosed asthma, asthma attacks or asthma medication
253 II, 9. 2. 3(2)| asthma, asthma attacks or asthma medication use was avoided
254 II, 9. 2. 3(2)| prevalence rates for "clinical asthma" represent a conservative
255 II, 9. 2. 5 | AIDS, arthritis, diabetes, asthma, psychiatry, anaesthetics
256 II, 9. 2. 7 | 2004?): Global Burden of Asthma [on-line publication available
257 II, 9. 2. 8 | ISAAC~International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood~
258 II, 9. 3. 1 | Abstract) Correlation between asthma and climate in the European
259 II, 9. 5. 3 | diseases, infectious diseases, asthma and allergies (European
260 III, 10. 1 | Respiratory diseases, including asthma~smoking and ETS~sulphur
261 III, 10. 2. 1 | leukemia~Coronary heart disease~Asthma*~Coronary heart disease~
262 III, 10. 2. 1 | Kidney and ureter~COPD, asthma and other respiratory effects~
263 III, 10. 2. 1 | chronic respiratory symptoms*, asthma*, impaired lung function*~
264 III, 10. 2. 1 | Exacerbation of and poor control of asthma~- Impaired lung growth and
265 III, 10. 2. 1 | of developing childhood asthma~Passive smoking and children:~-
266 III, 10. 2. 4 | gene variant in obesity, asthma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) (
267 III, 10. 2. 4 | alpha-308 gene promoter and asthma: a meta-analysis. Thorax,
268 III, 10. 3. 2 | childhood respiratory health/asthma, neurodevelopmental and
269 III, 10. 3. 2 | human health effects such as asthma, allergies, nausea, increased
270 III, 10. 3. 2 | respiratory disease and asthma, childhood cancer, neurodevelopmental
271 III, 10. 3. 2 | Respiratory diseases, including asthma~smoking and ETS~sulphur
272 III, 10. 3. 4 | upper respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive
273 III, 10. 4. 1 | ISAAC~International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood~
274 III, 10. 4. 1 | such as the aggravation of asthma or incidence of respiratory
275 III, 10. 4. 1 | urban areas. Children with asthma are particularly vulnerable,
276 III, 10. 4. 1 | trigger the onset of childhood asthma. Intervention studies clearly
277 III, 10. 4. 1 | air quality and childhood asthma was investigated. Implementation
278 III, 10. 4. 1 | admissions of children with acute asthma symptoms.~ ~Asthma - indoors
279 III, 10. 4. 1 | acute asthma symptoms.~ ~Asthma - indoors and outdoors~ ~
280 III, 10. 4. 1 | especially the case with asthma and allergies.~ ~Prevalence
281 III, 10. 4. 1 | allergies.~ ~Prevalence of asthma and allergies among children
282 III, 10. 4. 1 | few decades (ISAAC, 2007) Asthma has become the most common
283 III, 10. 4. 1 | coming years.~ ~In 1999–2004, asthma prevalence in children across
284 III, 10. 4. 1 | well-documented rise in asthma prevalence has coincided
285 III, 10. 4. 1 | associated with increased asthma occurrence and exacerbations
286 III, 10. 4. 1 | allergic disorders (including asthma) to be relatively less frequent
287 III, 10. 4. 1 | Western Europe. Clearly, asthma has a multi-causal background
288 III, 10. 4. 1 | contribute to the increase in asthma prevalence. Indoor air quality
289 III, 10. 4. 1 | respiratory problems, including asthma, in children from homes
290 III, 10. 4. 1 | International Study of Asthma and Allergies in childhood (
291 III, 10. 5. 1 | origin and exacerbation of asthma attacks (Richardson et al,
292 III, 10. 5. 1 | environmental effects include asthma and allergic symptoms, sick
293 III, 10. 5. 1 | Ferm M, (2000) Current asthma and respiratory symptoms
294 III, 10. 5. 1 | indoor environment related to asthma?: literature review. Journal
295 III, 10. 5. 2 | Gulliford et al, 2004).~For asthma, data from Sweden showed
296 III, 10. 5. 2 | from other diseases such as asthma (Jones and Bentham, 1997)
297 III, 10. 5. 2 | Clinically diagnosed childhood asthma and follow-up of symptoms
298 IV, 11. 1. 5 | femur fracture surgery and asthma mortality rate.~ ~Looking
299 IV, 11. 2. 1 | and premature deaths from asthma, heart disease, cerebrovascular
300 IV, 12. 10 | cardiovascular diseases, asthma, diabetes, health of youth,
301 Key, Ap5. 0. 0 | asphyxia~assault~assaults~asthma~atheroma~atherosclerosis~
