Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 1 | Century, resulting in major changes of the context in which
2 I, 2. 2 | markets. As a result of these changes, intensified global competition
3 I, 2. 2 | on-line travel which not only changes consumer habits, but also
4 I, 2. 2 | ecological and climate changes contribute to the emergence,
5 I, 2. 4 | clearly shows that these changes in mortality have not been
6 I, 2. 5 | service sector) as well as changes in employment patterns (
7 I, 2. 5 | also remain on the agenda. Changes in management structures
8 I, 2. 5 | markets. As a result of these changes, intensified global competition
9 I, 2. 5 | patterns. Some of these changes have been introduced from
10 I, 2. 5 | in the Euro area.~ ~F ~ ~Changes in the workforce. The European
11 I, 2. 5 | of the labour force and changes in the family structure
12 I, 2. 5 | methods’. The result of these changes has been a reduction in
13 I, 2. 5 | Consequences of on-going changes in the future. The world
14 I, 2. 5 | need to deal with these changes which can have a positive
15 I, 2. 7 | exhibition analysed the changes that have taken place in
16 I, 2. 9 | 2.9 Climate Changes~ ~Climate changes and their
17 I, 2. 9 | Climate Changes~ ~Climate changes and their consequences on
18 I, 2. 9 | continue. These various changes will cause natural hazards
19 I, 2. 9 | damage to infrastructure and changes in river flows and seasonality,
20 I, 2. 9 | and aquatic ecosystems. Changes include movement of freshwater
21 I, 2. 9 | and to higher altitudes, changes in life-cycle events (phenology),
22 I, 2. 9 | vegetation distribution. Changes in distribution and the
23 I, 2. 9 | localised dengue to re-appear. Changes in the geographic distribution
24 I, 2. 10. 1| to analyse how genomics changes the concept of public health.
25 I, 3. 1 | than period TFRs due to changes in fertility timing. If
26 I, 3. 3 | population pyramid. In turn, changes in the absolute numbers
27 I, 3. 3 | population pyramid. Such changes may result from changing
28 I, 3. 3 | declines, or if life expectancy changes.~ ~Figure 3.4. Age composition
29 I, 3. 3 | countries witness large changes in the relative number of ‘
30 I, 3. 3 | while others only have minor changes (Luxembourg, Sweden, Belgium,
31 I, 3. 3 | and Austria had only minor changes over time, while those in
32 I, 3. 3 | Croatia have the lowest. Changes over time are most substantial
33 I, 3. 3 | somewhat, with the most heavy changes reported in Turkey, Cyprus,
34 I, 3. 3 | Romania have the largest changes, while Luxembourg, Sweden,
35 I, 3. 3 | significantly lower. The largest changes are in Italy, Germany, Spain,
36 II, 4. 1 | limitations (Riley, 1990). These changes led to the development of
37 II, 4. 2 | database to examine whether changes in life expectancy at birth
38 II, 4. 2 | be attributed to the same changes in age patterns and in causes
39 II, 4. 2 | calculate the contribution of changes in mortality rates at different
40 II, 4. 2 | Pattern of life expectancy changes by age groups. Based on
41 II, 4. 2 | Arriaga decomposition of changes in life expectancy, EU 15
42 II, 4. 2 | slightly more variation in changes in mortality across age
43 II, 4. 2 | Pattern of life expectancy changes by causes of death. Table
44 II, 4. 2 | Arriaga decomposition of changes in life expectancy at birth
45 II, 4. 2 | Arriaga decomposition of changes in life expectancy at birth
46 II, 4. 2 | heart diseases and strokes. Changes in mortality by the other
47 II, 4. 2 | patterns in the effect of changes in the cause of death on
48 II, 4. 2 | circulatory diseases to changes in life expectancy at birth
49 II, 4. 3 | Le Roy, et al. (2005): Changes in life expectancy in the
50 II, 5. 1. 1| ground level ozone), damp and changes in dietary habitudes.~Chronic
51 II, 5. 1. 1| largely attributable to changes in the two major recognized
52 II, 5. 2. 2| studied since 1950; the changes in cardiovascular and all-cause
53 II, 5. 2. 2| of available evidence on changes in environmental risk factors (
54 II, 5. 2. 3| IHD are associated with changes in the environment exposures,
55 II, 5. 2. 3| populations could be explained by changes in the average level of
56 II, 5. 2. 3| in Italy. A comparison of changes in attack and case fatality
57 II, 5. 2. 3| case fatality rates with changes in mortality rates revealed
58 II, 5. 2. 3| case fatality was due to changes in the management of stroke
59 II, 5. 2. 3| management of stroke or changes in disease severity (Sarti
60 II, 5. 2. 4| According to MONICA results, changes in classic risk factors
61 II, 5. 2. 5| CVD and sought appropriate changes, such as increased availability
62 II, 5. 2. 6| while nosological and coding changes in international disease
63 II, 5. 2. 7| Estimation of contribution of changes in classical risk factors
64 II, 5. 2. 7| Salomaa V, Nissinn A (1998): Changes in premature deaths in Finland:
65 II, 5. 2. 7| MONICA Project (2003): Are changes in mortality from stroke
66 II, 5. 2. 7| mortality from stroke caused by changes in stroke event rates or
67 II, 5. 2. 7| coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease
68 II, 5. 2. 7| Estimation of contributions of changes in coronary care to improving
69 II, 5. 2. 7| and Population Risk Factor Changes in England and Wales, 1981-
70 II, 5. 4. 1| hunger, weight loss, vision changes and fatigue. Environmental
71 II, 5. 4. 1| development leads to very rapid changes in lifestyle, diet and physical activity
72 II, 5. 4. 1| factor for blood vessel changes. Near normalisation of blood
73 II, 5. 4. 6| they should be sensitive to changes over time and place); and
74 II, 5. 5. 1| 100 000) in Europe.~ ~The changes in age-adjusted mortality
75 II, 5. 5. 2| strategy or cure and no changes in mortality.~ ~The data
76 II, 5. 5. 3| identify time trends and changes over time. Several measurement
77 II, 5. 5. 3| allowing conclusions about changes in incidence, prevalence
78 II, 5. 5. 3| identify time trends and changes over time. Longitudinal
79 II, 5. 5. 3| life as well as lifestyle changes. It is well-known that primary
80 II, 5. 5. 3| children about the normal body changes expected at puberty; inoculate
81 II, 5. 5. 3| already suffering from mental changes, including sub-psychotic
82 II, 5. 5. 3| Möller HJ, Gaebel W (2007): Changes in the public's social distance
83 II, 5. 5. 3| Antipsychotic drug-induced changes in metabolism. Wien Klin
84 II, 5. 5. 3| past decade. One of the changes has been the appreciation
85 II, 5. 5. 3| elaborate kind”. Frequent changes since Kanner’s first clinical
86 II, 5. 5. 3| changed over the years, these changes are not so great as to prevent
87 II, 5. 5. 3| changed over the years, these changes do not prevent some comparative
88 II, 5. 5. 3| even with significant changes across studies. This is
89 II, 5. 5. 3| International patterns and changes over time. Neuroepidemiology
90 II, 5. 5. 3| contributing to social policy changes.~The EMSP has recently embarked
91 II, 5. 5. 3| last thirty years, no major changes in employment trends have
92 II, 5. 5. 3| In addition, due to the changes in family structure, the
93 II, 5. 6. 1| osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Changes in lifestyle factors such
94 II, 5. 6. 3| results in radiological changes (loss of joint space, sclerosis
95 II, 5. 6. 3| be based on pathological changes seen on x-rays, by the presence
96 II, 5. 6. 3| progressive with radiographic changes slowly deteriorating in
97 II, 5. 6. 3| disease as radiological changes are not always accompanied
98 II, 5. 6. 3| show that osteoarthritis changes are uncommon in those under
99 II, 5. 6. 3| Future trends~ ~Future changes in the incidence and prevalence
100 II, 5. 6. 3| Future trends~ ~Future changes in the incidence and prevalence
101 II, 5. 6. 3| represent developmental changes rather than fractures. The
102 II, 5. 6. 3| ageing of the population and changes in risk factors (Report
103 II, 5. 6. 3| report them. Such cultural changes could lead to an enormous
104 II, 5. 6. 4| osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Changes in lifestyle factors such
105 II, 5. 7. 2| follow-up of the patients the changes in treatment and the date
106 II, 5. 7. 3| are the data concerning changes in CKD over time, whilst
107 II, 5. 7. 3| whilst the correlation with changes in the incidence of ESRD
108 II, 5. 7. 5| under-diagnosed condition, recent changes in the measurements of the
109 II, 5. 7. 7| Gerson A, et al (2006): Changes in physical and psychosocial
110 II, 5. 9. FB| Eastern European countries. Changes in lifestyle after the fall
111 II, 5. 9. 1| increase (Holgate et al, 2006). Changes in diagnostic sensitivity
112 II, 5. 9. 1| been attributed mainly to changes in exposure to environmental
113 II, 5. 9. 3| increases, and 45 mixed changes (one centre actually reported
114 II, 5. 9. 3| centre actually reported no changes); for the 13–14 years of
115 II, 5. 9. 3| increases, and 74 showed mixed changes. For both age-groups, more
116 II, 5. 9. 3| but most centres had mixed changes; on the contrary, asthma
117 II, 5. 9. 4| difference in sex distribution changes between older and younger
118 II, 5. 9. 4| and outdoor pollution;~4. changes in dietary habits.~ ~Asthmatic
119 II, 5. 9. 5| outdoor pollution; and~· changes in dietary habits.~ ~For
120 II, 5. 11. 3| 1994b). Even allowing for changes in the diagnostic fashion,
121 II, 5. 11. 4| as well as society. Small changes in the way this balance
122 II, 5. 12. 1| 2002,and quantified the changes in trends since 1970 (Kim
123 II, 5. 12. 1| cirrhosis are largely due to changes in the major recognized
124 II, 5. 12. 2| joinpoint(s)) at which the trend changes significantly. The analysis
125 II, 5. 12. 2| in trend (including both changes in direction or in the rate
126 II, 5. 12. 3| plus the corresponding changes in percentage.~ ~Table 5.
127 II, 5. 12. 3| high cirrhosis mortality.~Changes in trends over time cannot
128 II, 5. 12. 3| cannot be attributed to changes in the ICD, since no meaningful
129 II, 5. 12. 3| ICD, since no meaningful changes were observed around the
130 II, 5. 12. 3| At least part of these changes may be due to the classification
131 II, 5. 12. 4| cirrhosis are largely due to changes in the two major recognized
132 II, 5. 12. 4| mainly related to short-term changes in the patterns of alcohol
133 II, 5. 12. 4| countries. In most countries, changes in alcohol consumption were
134 II, 5. 12. 4| few years by comparable changes in cirrhosis mortality.
135 II, 5. 12. 4| mortality following sudden changes in alcohol consumption have
136 II, 5. 12. 4| Investigations on potential changes in alcohol consumption in
137 II, 5. 12. 4| there are suggestions that changes in the type of alcoholic
138 II, 5. 12. 6| most European countries, changes in alcohol drinking appear
139 II, 5. 12. 6| well explain short-term changes in cirrhosis mortality at
140 II, 5. 12. 6| are real and follow rapid changes in alcohol consumption in
141 II, 5. 12. 7| method for identifying abrupt changes in U.S. cancer mortality
142 II, 5. 14. 1| is prepared to meet the changes that must take place in
143 II, 5. 14. 3| the economic and political changes in Eastern Europe, oral
144 II, 5. 14. 4| The effects of nutritional changes demonstrate how common risks
145 II, 5. 14. 5| system so that trends and changes in life-style and quality
146 II, 6. 3. 4| political and socioeconomic changes in Europe, such as the increased
147 II, 6. 3. 5| Political and socioeconomic changes that followed the collapse
148 II, 6. 3. 6| disease agents can spread. Changes in consumer behaviour (and,
149 II, 6. 3. 7| ecological and climate changes contribute to the emergence,
150 II, 8. 2. 1| age 18’ (AAMR 2002, p8). Changes in definition reflect the
151 II, 8. 2. 1| population, nor to track changes in health status or use
152 II, 9. 1. 2| systems in place to put changes in the health services into
153 II, 9. 2. 3| Physical pubertal changes, triggering teasing about
154 II, 9. 3. 1| retrospectively. Endocrine changes will have begun years earlier.
155 II, 9. 3. 1| have begun years earlier. Changes in serum concentrations
156 II, 9. 3. 1| elevation. The endocrine changes of menopause do not include
157 II, 9. 3. 1| consensus as to whether changes in health occurring during
158 II, 9. 3. 1| post-partum and menopausal changes can also affect the vulnerability
159 II, 9. 3. 1| of causing the cellular changes that can lead to cervical
160 II, 9. 3. 1| decrease reflects hormonal changes of the menopausal transition
161 II, 9. 3. 1| failure heralds dramatic changes in skeletal homeostasis.
162 II, 9. 3. 1| deficiency causes atrophic changes of the urethral epithelium
163 II, 9. 3. 1| be affected by hormonal changes around the time of menopause.
164 II, 9. 3. 1| time during adult life. Changes that represent usual or
165 II, 9. 3. 1| conditions in which pathological changes requiring replacement therapy
166 II, 9. 3. 1| bone mineral density and changes in carbohydrate and lipid
167 II, 9. 3. 1| accompanied by “central” changes, such as a reduction in
168 II, 9. 3. 1| are several strata to the changes which need to occur: in
169 II, 9. 3. 1| making the administrative changes which add value to their
170 II, 9. 3. 1| Finkelstein JS & Smith MR (2005): Changes in bone mineral density
171 II, 9. 3. 3| stage.~ ~Sexual behaviour changes in response to both secular
172 II, 9. 3. 3| seen large socioeconomic changes in poverty, education and
173 II, 9. 3. 3| employment. Demographic changes have taken place, in the
174 II, 9. 3. 3| conducted. In the North, the changes started in the ‘60s, whereas
175 II, 9. 3. 3| use without other major changes in sexual behaviour among
176 II, 9. 4. 1| 2028. These demographic changes will challenge healthcare
177 II, 9. 4. 5| that, partly due to the changes in family structures, older
178 II, 9. 5. 1| all of which may undergo changes in a given context.~ ~Differences
179 II, 9. 5. 3| rates rise with both age and changes in living arrangements.
180 II, 9. 5. 3| incontinence and walking, dressing changes, assistance with medical
181 III, 10. 1 | Industrial~Age~Climatic Changes and extreme weather conditions~
182 III, 10. 1 | factors, and through related changes in our behaviour in response
183 III, 10. 1 | contamination~climate change-related changes in pathogen life cycle~ ~
184 III, 10. 1. 1| protein) may be altered by changes in energy expenditure. The
185 III, 10. 1. 1| indirectly to lifestyle changes. Concerning alcohol consumption,
186 III, 10. 2. 1| Wjst M and Burney P (2006): Changes in active and passive smoking
187 III, 10. 2. 1| also possible for large changes to occur in a short time
188 III, 10. 2. 1| and compensate for price changes is complex, because of the
189 III, 10. 2. 1| very strong evidence that changes in minimum drinking age
190 III, 10. 2. 1| in achieving sustainable changes in oral health, multi-sectoral
191 III, 10. 2. 1| help make other behavioural changes (UK Department of Health,
192 III, 10. 2. 1| Paffenbarger RS JR et al (1994): Changes in physical activity and
193 III, 10. 2. 1| self-reporting biases can lead to changes in the distribution of BMI
194 III, 10. 2. 1| Risk factors~ ~The dietary changes that characterize the ‘‘
195 III, 10. 2. 1| quantitative and qualitative changes in the diet (WHO, 2003).
196 III, 10. 2. 1| 2003). The adverse dietary changes include shifts in the structure
197 III, 10. 2. 1| vegetable intakes. These dietary changes are compounded by lifestyle
198 III, 10. 2. 1| compounded by lifestyle changes that reflect reduced physical activity
199 III, 10. 2. 1| age-related physiological changes such as impairment of taste
200 III, 10. 2. 1| nutrients than others.~ ~Changes in lifestyles, family structure
201 III, 10. 2. 1| industrialisation, will bring about changes in the food supply (Gurr,
202 III, 10. 2. 1| and suggested that small changes might be possible and interventions
203 III, 10. 2. 1| through small but important changes in food choices made by
204 III, 10. 2. 1| Future research and policy changes should moreover address
205 III, 10. 2. 1| Greer IA, Sattar N (2005): Changes in booking body mass index
206 III, 10. 2. 4| molecular and cytogenetic changes associated with these malignancies,
207 III, 10. 2. 4| may require fundamental changes and a new infrastructure.
208 III, 10. 2. 4| rapid linking of molecular changes to clinical endpoints. Am
209 III, 10. 2. 5| instability. Typical body changes of the elderly include an
210 III, 10. 2. 5| content of the body; such changes lead to a reduction of body
211 III, 10. 3. 1| 0-14) per year. Whether changes of recommended exposure
212 III, 10. 3. 1| provide a basis for proposing changes in the exposure limits.”~ ~
213 III, 10. 3. 2| contamination~climate change-related changes in pathogen life cycle~ ~
214 III, 10. 3. 4| 10.3.4. Climatic changes and extreme weather conditions~ ~
215 III, 10. 3. 4| and analysis~ ~Climatic changes~ ~There is growing evidence
216 III, 10. 3. 4| relationship between human-induced changes in the global environment
217 III, 10. 3. 4| evidence that most of the changes observed today result from
218 III, 10. 3. 4| are indications that these changes have accelerated. The 10
219 III, 10. 3. 4| adaptation by tourists to these changes in weather conditions.~ ~
220 III, 10. 3. 4| population to extreme temperature changes over decadal time-scales .
221 III, 10. 4. 1| and continuing structural changes in the energy system. The
222 III, 10. 4. 1| Figure 10.4.1.2 shows the changes in exposure occurred in
223 III, 10. 4. 1| USA in which the impact of changes in transportation and community
224 III, 10. 4. 2| now decide on any possible changes to the IESTI calculation
225 III, 10. 4. 3| 2003.~ ~Figure 10.4.3.4. Changes over time in the population
226 III, 10. 4. 5| and possibly by climate changes, not only reduce the water’
227 III, 10. 4. 5| within a country, due to changes in wastes generated in the
228 III, 10. 4. 5| EECCA countries and the changes of ownership means that
229 III, 10. 5. 1| sprawl as well as climate changes may add to this concern,
230 III, 10. 5. 3| demographic and structural changes in the world of work, regional
231 III, 10. 5. 3| However, given the rapid changes of the world of work, these
232 III, 10. 5. 3| demographic and structural changes in the world of work; regional
233 III, 10. 5. 3| service sector) as well as changes in employment patterns (
234 III, 10. 5. 3| also remain on the agenda. Changes in management structures
235 III, 10. 5. 3| markets. As a result of these changes, intensified global competition
236 III, 10. 5. 3| patterns.~Some of these changes have been introduced from
237 III, 10. 5. 3| only a limited impact.~ ~Changes in the workforce~The European
238 III, 10. 5. 3| methods’. The result of these changes has been a reduction in
239 III, 10. 5. 3| Consequences of these changes in the future~The world
240 III, 10. 5. 3| need to deal with these changes which can have a positive
241 III, 10. 5. 3| demographic and structural changes in the world of work~- regional
242 III, 10. 6. 2| clearly shows that these changes in mortality have not been
243 IV, 11. 1. 3| treatment from broader lifestyle changes is an especial challenge.
244 IV, 11. 1. 5| performance. Outcomes represent changes in health status due to
245 IV, 11. 1. 5| attributing complex behavioural changes to particular interventions
246 IV, 11. 3. 2| being authorized to make changes to a physician’s prescription,
247 IV, 11. 6. 1| factors (e.g. political changes), structural changes (e.g.
248 IV, 11. 6. 1| political changes), structural changes (e.g. economic and demographic
249 IV, 11. 6. 1| demographic structure), changes in the labour market, the
250 IV, 11. 6. 1| environmental factors (e.g. changes in regulation, developments
251 IV, 11. 6. 2| financing functions – such as changes in contribution mechanisms,
252 IV, 11. 6. 2| contribution mechanisms, changes in pooling, purchasing,
253 IV, 11. 6. 2| necessary but unpopular changes; Thomson, Foubister and
254 IV, 11. 6. 2| also introduced significant changes to the Dutch financing system.
255 IV, 11. 6. 4| in most cases, benefit changes occurred incrementally or
256 IV, 11. 6. 4| research on measures of changes in patient outcomes, that
257 IV, 11. 6. 4| interventions. Attributing changes in outcomes to medical care
258 IV, 11. 6. 4| that exists and to measure changes or trends over a period
259 IV, 11. 6. 5| analysis of distributional changes in health care financing
260 IV, 12. 1 | States into their market. The changes will ensure greater transparency
261 IV, 12. 1 | and voluntary behaviour changes on the one hand and regulatory
262 IV, 12. 1 | of~Working Time~Requiring changes in organisation of hospital
263 IV, 12. 2 | CVD and sought appropriate changes, such as increased availability
264 IV, 12. 2 | and compensate for price changes is complex, because of the
265 IV, 12. 2 | very strong evidence that changes in minimum drinking age
266 IV, 12. 10 | been deeply affected by changes at European level, also
267 IV, 12. 10 | there were considerably changes in the legal context so
268 IV, 12. 10 | plan of action for climate changes~Media campaign~Socio-economic
269 IV, 12. 10 | municipalities tend to minimize the changes to their current structures.
270 IV, 13. 3 | Demographic and socio-economic changes~ ~The ageing of European
271 IV, 13. 3 | demographic and socioeconomic changes, highlighted in this Report,
272 IV, 13. 5 | finance. Measures include changes in the financing mechanisms,
273 IV, 13. 7. 3| states as to demographic changes and chronic illness, health promotion
