Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 9 | These various changes will cause natural hazards and damage
2 I, 3. 2 | Member States are a major cause of this. In Slovenia, the
3 II, 4. 1 | diseases represented the main cause of death. As they were replaced
4 II, 4. 2 | ages has become the main cause of the increase in life
5 II, 4. 2 | age still was an important cause of the increase in life
6 II, 4. 2 | people became the dominant cause of the rise of life expectancy.
7 II, 4. 2 | attributed to one specific cause of death, as the large contribution
8 II, 4. 2 | to be the most important cause of the increase in life
9 II, 4. 2 | life expectancy at birth by cause of death, EU15 average.~ ~
10 II, 4. 2 | decomposition of life expectancy by cause of death for selected EU
11 II, 4. 2 | life expectancy at birth by cause of death, selected countries.~ ~
12 II, 4. 2 | mortality by the other main cause of death, cancer (causes
13 II, 4. 2 | gynaecological cancers (cause 4 in table 3) had a negative
14 II, 4. 2 | countries. Infectious diseases (cause 1 in table 3) did not have
15 II, 4. 2 | by respiratory diseases (cause 9 in table 3) declined in
16 II, 4. 2 | Alcohol related mortality (cause 13 in table 3) had a negative
17 II, 4. 2 | remaining causes of death’ (cause 14 in table 3) across European
18 II, 4. 2 | effect of changes in the cause of death on life expectancy
19 II, 4. 2 | to be similar. The main cause of the increase in life
20 II, 4. 2 | elderly has become the main cause of the increase in life
21 II, 5. 1. 1| neoplasia represent the main cause of death. In low-income
22 II, 5. 1. 1| still remain the dominant cause for short life-expectancy,
23 II, 5. 1. 1| alcoholic drinks is probably a cause of this cancer in women.
24 II, 5. 1. 1| cancer: smoking is a primary cause of lung cancer, although
25 II, 5. 1. 1| that alcoholic drinks are a cause of breast cancer at all
26 II, 5. 1. 1| its consequences, are a cause of postmenopausal breast
27 II, 5. 1. 1| these are probably also a cause of breast cancer diagnosed
28 II, 5. 1. 1| Parkinson’s Disease~The cause of the neurodegenerative
29 II, 5. 1. 1| organophosphorus pesticides can cause neuropathies.~ ~Musculoskeletal
30 II, 5. 1. 1| mellitus is the most common cause of RRT for ESRD, affecting
31 II, 5. 2. 1| 2008). CVD is also a major cause of disability and reduced
32 II, 5. 2. 1| class.~IHD is the leading cause of mortality in EU, accounting
33 II, 5. 2. 1| Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the EU accounting
34 II, 5. 2. 3| Mortality~ ~CVD is the main cause of death among old people,
35 II, 5. 2. 3| over; it is also the main cause of death in both genders
36 II, 5. 2. 3| remains the most frequent cause of death in women, accounting
37 II, 5. 2. 3| summarize, IHD, the leading cause of death in the twentieth
38 II, 5. 2. 3| remains the largest single cause of death and disability.
39 II, 5. 2. 3| second single most common cause of death in EU, accounting
40 II, 5. 3. 1| cancer is the underlying cause of death in a year over
41 II, 5. 3. 1| effects of non cancer-related cause of death. It is typically
42 II, 5. 3. 3| statistics by age, sex, and cause of death as obtained from
43 II, 5. 3. 3| systems, with underlying cause of death as coded by the
44 II, 5. 3. 4| alcoholic drinks is probably a cause of this cancer in women.
45 II, 5. 3. 4| cancer: smoking is a primary cause of lung cancer, although
46 II, 5. 3. 4| that alcoholic drinks are a cause of breast cancer at all
47 II, 5. 3. 4| its consequences, are a cause of postmenopausal breast
48 II, 5. 3. 4| these are probably also a cause of breast cancer diagnosed
49 II, 5. 4. 1| blood flow problems can cause nerve damage in the hands
50 II, 5. 4. 1| high blood glucose can cause damage to the small blood
51 II, 5. 4. 1| abnormal lipid profiles will cause macrovascular modifications
52 II, 5. 4. 2| reporting of the HIS can cause measurement problems on
53 II, 5. 4. 2| who have as primary or any cause of death diabetes mellitus/
54 II, 5. 4. 2| who have as primary or any cause of death diabetes mellitus/
55 II, 5. 4. 2| diabetes not as a primary cause, and often not even as a
56 II, 5. 4. 2| not even as a secondary cause.~ ~Table 5.4.4. EUDIP secondary
57 II, 5. 5.Int| will be the highest-ranking cause of disease in the developed
58 II, 5. 5.Int| in women as the leading cause of disease burden worldwide.~ ~
59 II, 5. 5.Int| women. Such violence can cause mental health problems.~ ~
60 II, 5. 5. 1| 2007).~ ~Anxiety disorders cause substantial impairment in
61 II, 5. 5. 1| life lost from external cause, including intentional self-harm.~ ~
62 II, 5. 5. 2| identify factors which might cause or protect against dementia (
63 II, 5. 5. 2| exposure to factors which might cause dementia with the aim of
64 II, 5. 5. 3| unhealthy behaviour may cause diseases such as osteoporosis,
65 II, 5. 5. 3| and is the largest single cause contributing to the increased
66 II, 5. 5. 3| further clarification. The cause of death assignment does
67 II, 5. 5. 3| express differences in the cause of deaths assignment.~Lifetime
68 II, 5. 5. 3| data with a more distinct cause of deaths assignment.~In
69 II, 5. 5. 3| the second most frequent cause of disability adjusted life
70 II, 5. 5. 3| recur when the underlying cause has been removed or the
71 II, 5. 5. 3| patients with epilepsy no cause can be found and the diagnosis
72 II, 5. 5. 3| with epilepsy in whom no cause of death is detected even
73 II, 5. 5. 3| Epilepsy and mortality rate and cause of death. Epilepsia 15:191-
74 II, 5. 5. 3| prevalence. It is the major cause of non-traumatic physical
75 II, 5. 5. 3| Trends in survival and cause of death in Damish patients
76 II, 5. 5. 3| in advanced stages of PD cause higher healthcare expenditures
77 II, 5. 5. 3| 6.4. Risk factors~ ~The cause of the neurodegenerative
78 II, 5. 5. 3| capacity, mortality and cause of death in Parkinson disease.
79 II, 5. 5. 3| Tanner CM (2003): Is the cause of Parkinson’s disease environmental
80 II, 5. 6. 1| conditions but often the exact cause is unclear and are described
81 II, 5. 6. 1| 1996) and the most common cause of health problems limiting
82 II, 5. 6. 3| conditions are the leading cause of disability for both men
83 II, 5. 6. 3| mainly osteoarthritis, as the cause.~ ~Musculoskeletal conditions
84 II, 5. 6. 3| Musculoskeletal conditions are a major cause of disability adjusted life
85 II, 5. 6. 3| osteoarthritis is the 5th greatest cause of YLDs in high-income countries (
86 II, 5. 6. 3| problems are the most common cause of health problems limiting
87 II, 5. 6. 3| Osteoarthritis of the knee is a major cause of mobility impairment,
88 II, 5. 6. 3| estimated to be the 5th leading cause of non-fatal burden of disease
89 II, 5. 6. 3| al, 1993). OA is a major cause of chronic pain and disability
90 II, 5. 6. 3| loss of spinal movement cause most limitations. Chronic
91 II, 5. 6. 3| defined pathophysiologic cause.~ ~Non-specific low back
92 II, 5. 6. 4| Musculoskeletal complaints are a major cause of sickness absence. In
93 II, 5. 6. 4| Musculoskeletal injuries and disorders cause more than half of all sickness
94 II, 5. 6. 6| musculoskeletal disorders as a cause of chronic health problems,
95 II, 5. 6. 6| 1996): Does excess weight cause osteoarthritis and, if so,
96 II, 5. 7. 2| treatment and the date and cause of death are registered.
97 II, 5. 7. 3| per age group, gender and cause of renal failure.~ ~Table
98 II, 5. 7. 3| by age group, gender and cause of renal failure.~ ~Trends
99 II, 5. 7. 3| per age group, gender and cause of renal failure.~ ~Trends
100 II, 5. 7. 4| mellitus is the most common cause of RRT for ESRD, affecting
101 II, 5. 8. 1| represents the fifth leading cause of mortality in the developed
102 II, 5. 8. 1| al, 2001) and the third cause of death in the UE-25 (Niederlander
103 II, 5. 8. 1| estimated to be the seventh cause of loss of disability adjusted
104 II, 5. 8. 1| rise to the third leading cause of death worldwide in 2020 (
105 II, 5. 8. 1| would prolong their life but cause great suffering and costs.~ ~
106 II, 5. 8. 3| COPD, which was the sixth cause of death in 1990, will become
107 II, 5. 8. 3| 1990, will become the third cause of death worldwide and the
108 II, 5. 8. 3| worldwide and the ninth cause of death in developed countries
109 II, 5. 8. 3| likely to be the underlying cause of death when COPD was mentioned
110 II, 5. 8. 3| mentioned as an associated cause on the death certificate
111 II, 5. 8. 3| described as a very common cause of death in patients with
112 II, 5. 8. 7| France, 1979-2002: a multiple cause analysis. Thorax 2006; 61:
113 II, 5. 8. 7| patients die from? A multiple cause coding analysis. Eur Respir
114 II, 5. 8. 7| mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden
115 II, 5. 9. 2| 477.9~· Allergic rhinitis, cause unspecified 477.9~ ~An interesting
116 II, 5. 9. 4| exposure to substances known to cause occupational asthma (relative
117 II, 5. 9. 6| could start at any time may cause a person to feel constantly
118 II, 5. 10. 5| or ingredients that may cause adverse reactions to foodstuffs.~ ~
119 II, 5. 11. 1| minor skin complaints often cause more anguish to people than
120 II, 5. 11. 1| skin complaints can often cause more distress to the public
121 II, 5. 11. 3| persistence of allergen can cause prolonged irritation and
122 II, 5. 11. 3| 1997). Silver may also cause problems such as localized
123 II, 5. 11. 3| Widstrom, Ear piercing–a cause of nickel allergy in schoolgirls?,
124 II, 5. 11. 4| on the next day they also cause lack of concentration due
125 II, 5. 11. 7| 1985): Ear piercing – a cause of nickel allergy in schoolgirls.
126 II, 5. 12. 5| impacts to control this cause of disease and death ( see
127 II, 5. 14. 1| periodontal diseases is a major cause of tooth loss after the
128 II, 5. 14. 3| disease and its sequelae can cause significant pain and are
129 II, 6. 3. 2| infections and a major microbial cause of death in young children,
130 II, 6. 3. 3| resistant strains remain cause for concern. AIDS surveillance
131 II, 6. 3. 5| oldest, and is the main cause of bacterial respiratory
132 II, 6. 3. 5| death rate, and are a major cause of infection-related death
133 II, 6. 3. 5| when rubella infection can cause miscarriage, foetal death
134 II, 6. 3. 6| was described linking the cause to sexual contacts between
135 II, 6. 3. 6| HUS). HUS is the leading cause of acute renal failure in
136 II, 6. 3. 6| Infections in pregnant women can cause congenital toxoplasmosis,
137 II, 6. 3. 7| become recognised as a major cause of public health concern
138 II, 6. 3. 7| DHF has become a leading cause of morbidity and death,
139 II, 6. 4. 1| people regardless of the cause and manner of transmission.
140 II, 7. 1 | self-harm) are the most common cause of death in the EU Member
141 II, 7. 1 | injuries are the leading cause of death (KfV, 2007). There
142 II, 7. 1 | In addition to intent and cause, injuries can be categorized
143 II, 7. 3. 1| routine hospital discharge and cause of death data into a “comprehensive
144 II, 7. 3. 2| 1 and 44) than any other cause of death. When you combine
145 II, 7. 3. 2| represent the fourth major cause of death in the EU. Only
146 II, 7. 3. 2| lives (Table 7.2. Leading cause of death per age group,
147 II, 7. 3. 2| EU27).~ ~Table 7.2. Leading cause of death per age group,
148 II, 7. 3. 4| majority of injuries may cause even more concern. The reality
149 II, 7. 3. 5| found to be a sufficient cause of suicide (Guo and Harstall,
150 II, 7. 4 | injuries are the leading cause of death in children, adolescents
151 II, 7. 4 | and suicides.~• A major cause of disability: Many survivors
152 II, 7. 4 | are assumed to be the main cause of chronic disability among
153 II, 7. 4 | in good health.~• A major cause of morbidity and healthcare
154 II, 7. 4. 1| Injury is the leading cause of death for children, adolescents
155 II, 7. 4. 1| 19.a. Fatal injuries by cause of death, 1-4 years of age~ ~
156 II, 7. 4. 1| deaths (Table 7.2. Leading cause of death per age group,
157 II, 7. 4. 2| with falls being the major cause of these deaths (Figure
158 II, 7. 5 | have always been a major cause of mortality and morbidity
159 II, 7. 6 | represents the fourth leading cause of death.~ ~
160 II, 8. 1. 1| are assumed to be the main cause of chronic disability among
161 II, 8. 1. 2| with the existence, type, cause and duration of longstanding
162 II, 8. 2. 1| For many children, the cause of their intellectual disability
163 II, 8. 2. 1| congenital hypothyroidism, can cause intellectual disability
164 II, 8. 2. 1| and totally preventable cause of intellectual disability.
165 II, 8. 2. 2| family and society. A major cause of low vision and blindness
166 II, 8. 2. 2| indicate that the leading cause of blindness is age-related
167 II, 8. 2. 2| degeneration is an increasing cause of blindness, as could be
168 II, 8. 2. 2| indicate that the leading cause of blindness is age-related
169 II, 8. 2. 2| degeneration is an increasing cause of blindness, as could be
170 II, 9 | congenital anomaly, the cause of the condition is unknown,
171 II, 9 | Smoking is a primary cause of lung cancer, although
172 II, 9 | alcohol use is the leading cause of male disability in industrialised
173 II, 9. 1. 1| R: Maternal mortality by cause of death~R: Prevalence of
174 II, 9. 1. 1| 1.3. Infant mortality by cause in selected EUGLOREH countries
175 II, 9. 1. 2| problem with recording of the cause of death for stillbirths
176 II, 9. 1. 2| congenital anomaly, the cause of the condition is unknown,
177 II, 9. 1. 2| negatives, either of which can cause distress (Green et al, 2004).~ ~
178 II, 9. 1. 2| registries: a) full coding of cause of death on stillbirth and
179 II, 9. 2. 3| malformations are the main cause of mortality in neonates (
180 II, 9. 2. 3| injury is the greatest cause of childhood death. Of this,
181 II, 9. 2. 3| Physical injuries are the main cause of death in children aged
182 II, 9. 2. 3| accidents represent the primary cause of childhood injuries in
183 II, 9. 2. 3| complacency. Furthermore, the cause of immunisation has not
184 II, 9. 2. 3| they have been shown to cause sustained reduction of depression,
185 II, 9. 3. 1| pathologic or physiologic cause. At present, it can be recognized
186 II, 9. 3. 1| in women as the leading cause of disease burden worldwide.~ ~
187 II, 9. 3. 1| Depression is the main cause of suicide. The World Bank
188 II, 9. 3. 1| to be the fourth leading cause of disease burden in developing
189 II, 9. 3. 1| cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in men and
190 II, 9. 3. 1| is the third most common cause of cancer death and the
191 II, 9. 3. 1| to being the main single cause of circulatory disease-associated
192 II, 9. 3. 1| mortality, is the single main cause of death before the age
193 II, 9. 3. 1| Stroke is an important cause of disablement in the EU,
194 II, 9. 3. 1| thromboembolism remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality
195 II, 9. 3. 1| Overweight and obesity cause one million deaths a year
196 II, 9. 3. 1| untreated, gonorrhoea can cause chronic pelvic inflammatory
197 II, 9. 3. 1| in women and the leading cause of cancer death in women,
198 II, 9. 3. 1| fatigue disorder for which the cause is still unknown, leads
199 II, 9. 3. 1| Smoking is a primary cause of lung cancer, although
200 II, 9. 3. 2| indicators, maternal deaths by cause and the prevalence of severe
201 II, 9. 3. 2| indirect (death is due to a cause which preceded but was complicated
202 II, 9. 4. 3| and represent an important cause of death and institutionalisation.
203 II, 9. 4. 3| Depression is the major cause of suicide in elderly Europeans.
204 II, 9. 4. 3| until a later age. This is cause for concern in Europe that
205 II, 9. 4. 3| cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in men,
206 II, 9. 4. 3| cancer is the most common cause of cancer death for women.~ ~
207 II, 9. 4. 3| cancers, can be a major cause of disability (Geriatric
208 II, 9. 4. 4| alcohol use is the leading cause of male disability in industrialised
209 II, 9. 5. 3| self-esteem and lack of confidence cause anxiety and lack of interest
210 III, 10. 1. 1| effect on satiation, may cause exercise-induced hyperphagia (
211 III, 10. 1. 1| heavy drinking may be the cause or the consequence of stress
212 III, 10. 2. 1| Smoking is the largest single cause of preventable death and
213 III, 10. 2. 1| CVD) is the largest single cause of death in the EU, accounting
214 III, 10. 2. 1| from vital statistics, the cause of 62% of all deaths from
215 III, 10. 2. 1| Tobacco is the leading cause for disease burden in the
216 III, 10. 2. 1| to be the largest single cause of death and disease in
217 III, 10. 2. 1| suggested that alcohol is a cause of child abuse in 16% of
218 III, 10. 2. 1| Change in death rates, by cause, from a 1 litre increase
219 III, 10. 2. 1| toxic substance that is a cause of 60 or more different
220 III, 10. 2. 1| Baumberg 2006).~ ~Alcohol is a cause of health inequalities within
221 III, 10. 2. 1| is the 2nd most important cause of inequalities in the burden
222 III, 10. 2. 1| Occupational Class and Cause Specific Mortality in Middle
223 III, 10. 2. 1| driving). These behaviours may cause fatal accidents or injuries
224 III, 10. 2. 1| that are a leading death cause, hyperhomocysteinaemia warrants
225 III, 10. 2. 1| of ingredients liable to cause allergies or intolerances;
226 III, 10. 2. 4| determines not only the cause of single-gene disorders,
227 III, 10. 2. 5| early fetal development can cause brain injury at doses much
228 III, 10. 2. 5| 200 chemicals are known to cause clinical neurotoxic effects
229 III, 10. 3. 1| particles and can, when inhaled, cause gene damage, mutations and
230 III, 10. 3. 1| well known occupational cause of lung cancer, in particular
231 III, 10. 3. 1| adults is an increasing cause of concern for hearing impairment.~ ~
232 III, 10. 3. 2| Industrial accidents typically cause acute damage in terms of
233 III, 10. 3. 2| long-range transport- gives cause for concern.~ ~The EU Environment
234 III, 10. 3. 2| early foetal development can cause brain injury at doses much
235 III, 10. 3. 2| 200 chemicals are known to cause clinical neurotoxic effects
236 III, 10. 3. 3| when rubella infection can cause miscarriage, foetal death
237 III, 10. 3. 3| individuals, and is the main cause of bacterial respiratory
238 III, 10. 3. 3| animals. The parasite can cause profuse and watery diarrhoea;
239 III, 10. 3. 4| droughts and wildfires cause thousands of deaths and
240 III, 10. 3. 4| conditions.~ ~With regard to cause of death, the burden of
241 III, 10. 3. 4| conditions, cold-waves can still cause substantial increases in
242 III, 10. 3. 4| evidence are lacking on a clear cause–effect relationship between
243 III, 10. 3. 4| forest and bush fires. Fires cause burns, damage from smoke
244 III, 10. 4. 2| Caliciviruses)~Most important cause of food-born outbreaks~Growing~
245 III, 10. 4. 2| to transmit to humans and cause a new type of TSE, vCJD.
246 III, 10. 4. 2| 2005). This gives special cause for concern as PFOS and
247 III, 10. 4. 2| not at levels which may cause harm and which should be
248 III, 10. 4. 3| addition, human activities cause water contamination with
249 III, 10. 4. 3| chemicals recognised as a cause of cancer. Long term exposure
250 III, 10. 4. 3| last available year~ ~The cause of water related disease
251 III, 10. 4. 3| distribution system. Another cause is leaks of untreated waste
252 III, 10. 4. 3| Legionella pneumophila which may cause of severe pneumonia in humans.
253 III, 10. 4. 5| attractiveness, but may cause skin dermatitis in association
254 III, 10. 4. 5| recent decades. The main cause is assumed to be the increasing
255 III, 10. 4. 5| spices of blue-green algae cause skin dermatitis when swimmers
256 III, 10. 5. 1| through human skin and can cause allergic reactions, inflammations
257 III, 10. 5. 1| Moreover, classroom noise can cause physiological and psychological
258 III, 10. 5. 1| large settlements, which may cause health-relevant problems
259 III, 10. 5. 2| 10.5.2.1. Variations in cause specific mortality in Northern
260 III, 10. 5. 3| mental illness is a leading cause of short-term absenteeism,
261 III, 10. 6. 2| selected European Countries per cause~ ~Figure 10.6.2.2. Inequalities
262 IV, 11. 1. 5| outpacing almost any other cause of death, and also progressing
263 IV, 11. 1. 5| to be the single leading cause of hospitalization in the
264 IV, 11. 2. 2| reducing or removing the cause of a disease or illness,
265 IV, 11. 6. 2| Earmarked taxation may, however, cause increased rigidity in the
266 IV, 13.Acr | reducing or removing the cause of a disease or illness,
267 IV, 13. 2. 1| lost due to a particular cause (disease or risk factor)
268 IV, 13. 2. 2| infectious diseases still cause most of the disease burden;
269 IV, 13. 2. 2| the second most frequent cause of disability adjusted life
270 IV, 13. 2. 2| Musculoskeletal conditions are a major cause of loss disability adjusted
271 IV, 13. 2. 2| osteoarthritis is the 5th greatest cause of YLDs in high-income countries.~·
272 IV, 13. 2. 2| single most preventable cause of disease burden in the
273 IV, 13. 5 | considered as one of the main cause for significant differences
