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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 1. 1| because of the loss of immune oral tolerance that occurs in
2 II, 5. 1. 1| periodontal disease relate to poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, excessive
3 II, 5. 3. 2| asbestos;~- lymphoma and oral cancer rates are higher
4 II, 5. 4. 6| with AMI. The importance of oral glucose tolerance testing
5 II, 5. 4. 8| 2008)~Jes . (2007); Should oral glucose tolerance testing
6 II, 5. 6. 3| in nulliparous women. The oral contraceptive pill, or some
7 II, 5. 14 | 5.14 Dental and oral diseases~ ~
8 II, 5. 14.Acr| Teeth~EGOHID~European Global Oral health Indicators Project~
9 II, 5. 14. 1| 5.14.1 Introduction~ ~Oral disease such as dental caries,
10 II, 5. 14. 1| periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral mucosal lesions, oropharyngeal
11 II, 5. 14. 1| groups and will contribute to oral health policy development.~ ~
12 II, 5. 14. 1| in Europe, the roles of oral health professionals are
13 II, 5. 14. 1| workforce planning in the oral health sector may be considered
14 II, 5. 14. 1| the potential for improved oral health status, the level
15 II, 5. 14. 2| national, regional or local oral health surveys or in specific
16 II, 5. 14. 2| information are the WHO Global Oral Data Bank (WHO, 2008), the
17 II, 5. 14. 2| from population studies on oral health carried out in various
18 II, 5. 14. 2| somewhat limits their impact. Oral health surveys were based
19 II, 5. 14. 2| 2004). In Scandinavia, oral health information’s systems
20 II, 5. 14. 2| whereas surveillance of the oral health of the adult population
21 II, 5. 14. 2| e. Dentists and Other Oral Care Clinical Providers~
22 II, 5. 14. 2| dentists, dental hygienists, oral health therapists and clinical
23 II, 5. 14. 2| active dentists and other oral care clinical providers
24 II, 5. 14. 2| epidemiological monitoring of oral health is a relatively recent
25 II, 5. 14. 2| improving the quality of oral health care and systems
26 II, 5. 14. 2| that are recommended in oral health epidemiology, themselves
27 II, 5. 14. 2| criteria used published for the oral health period 1986-1996
28 II, 5. 14. 2| weaknesses in the evaluation of oral health trends: weaknesses
29 II, 5. 14. 2| and conclusions in public oral health are therefore limited.
30 II, 5. 14. 2| higher quality information in oral health epidemiology.~ ~The
31 II, 5. 14. 2| epidemiology.~ ~The expansion of oral epidemiology during the
32 II, 5. 14. 2| terms of knowledge about the oral health status of populations
33 II, 5. 14. 3| countries with advanced public oral health care programmes for
34 II, 5. 14. 3| European countries where school oral health programmes were established
35 II, 5. 14. 3| global amelioration of the oral health status in the last
36 II, 5. 14. 3| action to further improve oral health or sustain achievements.
37 II, 5. 14. 3| the great achievements of oral health in European countries
38 II, 5. 14. 3| level of untreated diseases. Oral health is characterized
39 II, 5. 14. 3| a great deal about their oral health. Almost a third were
40 II, 5. 14. 3| with some aspect of their oral health status. Adults in
41 II, 5. 14. 3| one of the dimensions of oral health related quality of
42 II, 5. 14. 3| of dissatisfaction with oral functioning measure. Studies
43 II, 5. 14. 3| population. Measures of oral pain and oral functional
44 II, 5. 14. 3| Measures of oral pain and oral functional limitation were
45 II, 5. 14. 3| more strongly predictive of oral disadvantage than disease
46 II, 5. 14. 3| antecedents. Surveillance of oral disadvantage due to functional
47 II, 5. 14. 3| implications regarding the use of oral disadvantage to assess the
48 II, 5. 14. 3| from the point of view of oral health planning, the percentage
49 II, 5. 14. 3| changes in Eastern Europe, oral health systems are now in
50 II, 5. 14. 3| transition. Prior to 1989, oral health care for children
51 II, 5. 14. 3| and decentralization of oral health services has been
52 II, 5. 14. 3| impact on utilization of oral health services. Figure
53 II, 5. 14. 3| disparities exist in the access to oral health care across Europe,
54 II, 5. 14. 3| coverage or qualify for the oral health insurance program.
55 II, 5. 14. 3| and family income.~ ~The oral health care system in Europe,
56 II, 5. 14. 3| proportionally the most for its oral health: 0.8% of the GDP.
57 II, 5. 14. 4| cancer, osteoporosis and oral diseases. Oral health is
58 II, 5. 14. 4| osteoporosis and oral diseases. Oral health is an integral part
59 II, 5. 14. 4| and nutritional health. Oral health and nutrition have
60 II, 5. 14. 4| factors associated with oral disease. The effects of
61 II, 5. 14. 4| public health, including oral hygiene. The public health
62 II, 5. 14. 4| community involved with oral health should gain an understanding
63 II, 5. 14. 4| order to prevent or control oral diseases~ ~Currently available
64 II, 5. 14. 4| periodontal disease relate to poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, excessive
65 II, 5. 14. 5| Even if the most common oral diseases are preventable,
66 II, 5. 14. 5| benefit from appropriate oral health promoting actions.
67 II, 5. 14. 5| appropriate promoting of oral health behaviours can significantly
68 II, 5. 14. 5| confidence in managing the oral health of their children.
69 II, 5. 14. 5| ideal setting for promoting oral health. The school years
70 II, 5. 14. 5| development of a lifelong oral health related behaviour
71 II, 5. 14. 5| are at risk, can access oral health services. Although
72 II, 5. 14. 5| services. Although meticulous oral hygiene and appropriate
73 II, 5. 14. 5| systematic integration of oral health indicators in any
74 II, 5. 14. 5| behaviour in relation to oral health can be monitored
75 II, 5. 14. 5| of care programmes. The oral health sector is no exception.~
76 II, 5. 14. 5| necessary integration of the oral health sector within the
77 II, 5. 14. 5| a set of European Global Oral Health Indicators (www.
78 II, 5. 14. 5| to help to identify basic oral health indicators for a
79 II, 5. 14. 5| reference. A core group of oral health indicators is being
80 II, 5. 14. 5| health status, morbidity and oral function, behavioural determinants,
81 II, 5. 14. 5| behavioural determinants, oral health delivery models and
82 II, 5. 14. 5| models and outcomes, and oral health related quality of
83 II, 5. 14. 5| related quality of life.~ ~Oral health systems play an important
84 II, 5. 14. 5| in establishing optimum oral health by integrating oral
85 II, 5. 14. 5| oral health by integrating oral health promotion and oral
86 II, 5. 14. 5| oral health promotion and oral disease prevention into
87 II, 5. 14. 5| disease prevention into oral health services. Interdisciplinary
88 II, 5. 14. 5| approaches to the promotion of oral health have the potential
89 II, 5. 14. 5| potential for reorienting oral health services towards
90 II, 5. 14. 5| services towards primary oral health care and services
91 II, 5. 14. 5| that may better diminish oral disease burdens (Petersen
92 II, 5. 14. 5| ageing population. For the oral health sector, this evolution
93 II, 5. 14. 5| broader concept of the role of oral health professions and their
94 II, 5. 14. 5| the potential for improved oral health status, the level
95 II, 5. 14. 5| and will contribute to oral health policy development.
96 II, 5. 14. 5| people enrolled in primary oral care services, expanding
97 II, 5. 14. 5| practices for expanding oral health service care services
98 II, 5. 14. 5| and restorative primary oral health care.~ ~The burden
99 II, 5. 14. 5| health care.~ ~The burden of oral disease is particularly
100 II, 5. 14. 5| and Yamamoto, 2005). An EU oral health strategy must take
101 II, 5. 14. 5| The strategy is to promote oral health among older people,
102 II, 5. 14. 5| people, aiming at improving oral health, general health and
103 II, 5. 14. 6| adopted an action plan for oral health (WHO, 2007). The
104 II, 5. 14. 6| international health community that oral health shall no longer be
105 II, 5. 14. 6| global level to improve oral health worldwide. The action
106 II, 5. 14. 6| Union (EU). It recognises oral health as a significant
107 II, 5. 14. 6| highlights the need to integrate oral health into public health
108 II, 5. 14. 6| integrated approaches to oral health promotion.~ ~Although
109 II, 5. 14. 6| 20 years with improving oral health in some parts of
110 II, 5. 14. 7| developments~ ~Access to oral health services is limited
111 II, 5. 14. 7| needed to assure adequate oral health care for indigent,
112 II, 5. 14. 7| can be enhanced through oral diseases prevention and
113 II, 5. 14. 7| and health promotion. In oral health, an important cornerstone
114 II, 5. 14. 8| Europe. European Global Oral Health Indicators Development
115 II, 5. 14. 8| 2004): European Global Oral Health Indicators Development.
116 II, 5. 14. 8| Europe. European Global Oral Health Indicators Development
117 II, 5. 14. 8| Bratthal D, Ogawa H (2005): Oral health information systems -
118 II, 5. 14. 8| toward measuring progress in oral health promotion and disease
119 II, 5. 14. 8| 2005): The global burden of oral diseases and risk to oral
120 II, 5. 14. 8| oral diseases and risk to oral heath. Bull World Health
121 II, 5. 14. 8| T (2005): Improving the oral health of older people:
122 II, 5. 14. 8| approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community
123 II, 5. 14. 8| Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005; 33: 81–92.~
124 II, 5. 14. 8| 369: 51–59.~Wid A (2004): Oral healthcare systems in the
125 II, 5. 14. 8| extended European Union. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2004;
126 II, 5. 14. 8| 2007): Resolution WHA60.17 “Oral health: action plan for
127 II, 5. 14. 8| Organization (WHO) (2008): WHO Oral Country/Area Profile. WHO,
128 II, 6. 3. 7| vaccination of cats and dogs. Oral vaccinations to wild animals
129 II, 8. 2. 1| Pezzementi and Fisher (2006). Oral health status of people
130 II, 9. 3. 1| as an intranasal spray.~ ~Oral bone loss. Oral bone, like
131 II, 9. 3. 1| spray.~ ~Oral bone loss. Oral bone, like the rest of the
132 II, 9. 3. 1| throughout the lifespan. When oral bone loss exceeds gain,
133 II, 9. 3. 1| loss. The prevalence of oral bone loss is significant
134 II, 9. 3. 1| with age for both sexes. Oral bone loss and attendant
135 II, 9. 3. 1| Furthermore, it is possible that oral examination and radiographic
136 II, 9. 3. 1| approaches to preserving oral bone include smoking cessation
137 II, 9. 3. 1| include smoking cessation and oral hygiene self-care behaviours,
138 II, 9. 3. 1| dental services, including oral examination, tooth scaling
139 II, 9. 3. 1| osteoporosis may yield positive oral bone effects.~ ~Uterine
140 II, 9. 5. 3| interaction between smoking and oral contraceptives is thought
141 III, 10. 2. 1| Lung~- Mouth and throat: oral cavity, pharynx, larynx~-
142 III, 10. 2. 1| cheek and gum. Nicotine from oral tobacco is absorbed more
143 III, 10. 2. 1| snus.~Health effects of oral tobacco use include an increased
144 III, 10. 2. 1| Especially cancers of the oral cavity and pancreas are
145 III, 10. 2. 1| although an increased risk for oral cancer development could
146 III, 10. 2. 1| future patterns of smoking or oral tobacco prevalence if oral
147 III, 10. 2. 1| oral tobacco prevalence if oral tobacco were made available
148 III, 10. 2. 1| use from one country where oral tobacco is available to
149 III, 10. 2. 1| 2003): Status Report on Oral Tobacco. Available at: htt ~ ~
150 III, 10. 2. 1| Bofetta P, Nyrén O (2007): Oral use of Swedish moist snuff (
151 III, 10. 2. 1| Fagerström K (2007): Introducing oral tobacco for tobacco harm
152 III, 10. 2. 1| for example, cancer of the oral cavity, haemorrhagic stroke,
153 III, 10. 2. 1| 10.2.1.5. Inadequate oral hygiene~ ~
154 III, 10. 2. 1| EGOHID European Global Oral Health Indicators Development
155 III, 10. 2. 1| The major risk factors for oral diseases are the same as
156 III, 10. 2. 1| a greater integration of oral health into general health promotion,
157 III, 10. 2. 1| more necessary given that oral health itself is a determinant
158 III, 10. 2. 1| broader concept of the role of oral health professionals, also
159 III, 10. 2. 1| diagnosis of diseases.~ ~Oral health, particularly for
160 III, 10. 2. 1| lack of care in childhood. Oral diseases, mainly caries
161 III, 10. 2. 1| costly diseases. Promotion of oral health requires self-care
162 III, 10. 2. 1| century of an important oral hygiene-based economic sector.
163 III, 10. 2. 1| and controlled by personal oral hygiene in adults and children
164 III, 10. 2. 1| The high relative risk of oral disease relates to socio-cultural
165 III, 10. 2. 1| and culture in support of oral health. Communities and
166 III, 10. 2. 1| environmental risk factors to oral health as well as for general
167 III, 10. 2. 1| In addition, control of oral disease depends on availability
168 III, 10. 2. 1| availability and accessibility of oral health systems but a reduced
169 III, 10. 2. 1| modifiable risk behaviours, i.e. oral hygiene practices, sugar
170 III, 10. 2. 1| behaviours may not only affect oral health status negatively
171 III, 10. 2. 1| development of appropriate oral health promotion strategies
172 III, 10. 2. 1| strategies is needed to improve oral health behaviour and attitudes
173 III, 10. 2. 1| International recommendations for oral health prevention and prophylaxis
174 III, 10. 2. 1| national, regional or local oral health surveys or in specific
175 III, 10. 2. 1| project, exist to assess oral hygiene, but unfortunately
176 III, 10. 2. 1| kindergartens where a preventive oral health program in which
177 III, 10. 2. 1| Proportion of schools with based oral health promotion programmes
178 III, 10. 2. 1| analysis~ ~The Burden of oral hygiene~ ~As it might be
179 III, 10. 2. 1| increased consumption and use of oral hygiene products has been
180 III, 10. 2. 1| been associated to improved oral hygiene. International publications
181 III, 10. 2. 1| programmes to promote good oral hygiene practice.(Petersen,
182 III, 10. 2. 1| disparities in children’s oral hygiene in various countries;
183 III, 10. 2. 1| of behaviours related to oral hygiene or linked to socio-economic
184 III, 10. 2. 1| at the age of 12 had poor oral hygiene (de Almeidia et
185 III, 10. 2. 1| exist.~ ~Economic impact of oral hygiene~ ~The oral hygiene
186 III, 10. 2. 1| impact of oral hygiene~ ~The oral hygiene market consists
187 III, 10. 2. 1| largest area of the global oral hygiene market. The sale
188 III, 10. 2. 1| for 18.5% of the European oral hygiene market. Total revenues
189 III, 10. 2. 1| Total revenues of the German oral hygiene market amounted
190 III, 10. 2. 1| In volume terms, sales of oral hygiene products decreased
191 III, 10. 2. 1| press).~ ~Behaviours and Oral Hygiene Data~ ~The large
192 III, 10. 2. 1| Although general awareness of oral hygiene and oral healthcare
193 III, 10. 2. 1| awareness of oral hygiene and oral healthcare products appears
194 III, 10. 2. 1| removal of plaque and good oral hygiene. Good hygiene should
195 III, 10. 2. 1| effective in preventing most oral diseases. However, optimal
196 III, 10. 2. 1| intervention in relation to oral disease is not universally
197 III, 10. 2. 1| on primary prevention of oral diseases, poses a considerable
198 III, 10. 2. 1| prevented by good personal oral hygiene practices, including
199 III, 10. 2. 1| to water fluoridation.~ ~Oral Hygiene Products~ ~While
200 III, 10. 2. 1| the various subsectors of oral care with multi-functional
201 III, 10. 2. 1| conscious consumer with oral hygiene solutions that fight
202 III, 10. 2. 1| Health Assembly (2007) “Oral health: action plan for
203 III, 10. 2. 1| measures to ensure that oral health is incorporated as
204 III, 10. 2. 1| implement the promotion of oral health and prevention of
205 III, 10. 2. 1| health and prevention of oral disease for preschool and
206 III, 10. 2. 1| the major risk factors for oral diseases are the same as
207 III, 10. 2. 1| a greater integration of oral health into general health promotion,
208 III, 10. 2. 1| more necessary given that oral health itself is a determinant
209 III, 10. 2. 1| broader concept of the role of oral health professionals, also
210 III, 10. 2. 1| stages and life conditions. Oral health inequalities are
211 III, 10. 2. 1| health policies which broaden oral health goals from simply
212 III, 10. 2. 1| coordinated action to promote oral health as an integral part
213 III, 10. 2. 1| influence the delivery of oral health services in countries
214 III, 10. 2. 1| at high risk of specific oral diseases and involves improving
215 III, 10. 2. 1| challenge is to offer essential oral health care within the context
216 III, 10. 2. 1| factors. Thus, in relation to oral health, risk analysis focuses
217 III, 10. 2. 1| the protective benefits of oral hygiene practices and consumption
218 III, 10. 2. 1| environmental determinants of oral health is needed. For this
219 III, 10. 2. 1| achieving sustainable changes in oral health, multi-sectoral working
220 III, 10. 2. 1| preschool health programs for oral health education and services
221 III, 10. 2. 1| establishment of preventive oral health programs, which mainly
222 III, 10. 2. 1| the potential to close the oral health gap in early childhood
223 III, 10. 2. 1| minimize the inequalities in oral health within the schools.
224 III, 10. 2. 1| primary prevention of many oral, dental and craniofacial
225 III, 10. 2. 1| dietary choices also influence oral and craniofacial health.
226 III, 10. 2. 1| craniofacial birth defects, oral and pharyngeal cancers,
227 III, 10. 2. 1| disease, dental caries, oral candidiasis and other oral
228 III, 10. 2. 1| oral candidiasis and other oral conditions.~ ~In Europe,
229 III, 10. 2. 1| increasing awareness of oral health is observed among
230 III, 10. 2. 1| by the use of a range of oral hygiene products. Currently,
231 III, 10. 2. 1| opportunities to expand oral disease prevention and health promotion
232 III, 10. 2. 1| within health care settings. Oral health care providers can
233 III, 10. 2. 1| However, there are profound oral health disparities across
234 III, 10. 2. 1| benefit from appropriate oral health-promoting measures.
235 III, 10. 2. 1| many countries, moreover, oral health care is not fully
236 III, 10. 2. 1| countries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32: 69-73.~ ~
237 III, 10. 2. 1| Europe. European Global Oral Health Indicators Development
238 III, 10. 2. 1| recommended by European Global Oral Health Indicators Development
239 III, 10. 2. 1| access to OTC products for oral health in Europe: A Delphi
240 III, 10. 2. 1| 2003): Changing oral health status of 6- and
241 III, 10. 2. 1| toiletries in the Netherlands. Oral hygiene in Netherlands.
242 III, 10. 2. 1| project. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004; 32: 74-76.~ ~ ~
243 III, 10. 2. 1| Petersen PE (2003): The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous
244 III, 10. 2. 1| continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century –
245 III, 10. 2. 1| approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community
246 III, 10. 2. 1| Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003; 31 Suppl
247 III, 10. 2. 1| C. The global burden of oral diseases and risk to oral
248 III, 10. 2. 1| oral diseases and risk to oral heath. Bull World Health
249 III, 10. 2. 1| Chestnutt IG and Steele JG. Oral health habits amongst children
250 III, 10. 2. 1| 2007). Resolution WHA60.17 “Oral health: action plan for
251 III, 10. 2. 1| Health (document eleven) Oral health promotion: an essential
252 III, 10. 2. 1| Organization. Fluorides and Oral Health. WHO Technical Report
253 III, 10. 4. 2| PAHs~in preparation~Current oral exposure in~ the Netherlands
254 IV, 12. 10 | service and expert advice in oral health for children until
255 IV, 12. 10 | hygiene~low~ ~Campaign for oral hygiene in particular for
256 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| ophthalmologists~opiate~opioid~opioids~oral~organochlorine~organophosphates~
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