Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 10. 4 | around £2 billion/year in hospital stay alone. About 400 people
2 I, 2. 10. 4 | Study indicated that 9.3% of hospital stays incurred a serious
3 I, 2. 10. 4 | May 2003. A study in the hospital pharmacy found that dispensing
4 I, 2. 10. 4 | between 17% and 35% of a hospital’s total budget, it is evident
5 I, 2. 10. 4 | can significantly improve hospital budgets18.~ ~Automatic identification
6 I, 2. 10. 4(18)| 2005). Differatiating the Hospital Supply Chain for Enhanced
7 I, 2. 10. 4 | this is necessary for a hospital to reap all possible benefits.~ ~
8 I, 2. 10. 4(20)| Sanna, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele at the GS1
9 II, 5. 1. 2 | dimensions; lab tests, x-rays, hospital care, financial coverage
10 II, 5. 1. 3 | prescribed treatment, care, hospital and other health care settings,
11 II, 5. 2. 2 | both reported.~ ~Morbidity~Hospital discharge diagnoses from
12 II, 5. 2. 2 | were used to calculate hospital discharge rates for all
13 II, 5. 2. 2 | I21-I22) were used as main hospital discharge diagnosis.~Hospital
14 II, 5. 2. 2 | hospital discharge diagnosis.~Hospital discharges from revascularization
15 II, 5. 2. 2 | both reported.~ ~Morbidity~Hospital discharge diagnoses from
16 II, 5. 2. 2 | I60-I69,G45) were used as main hospital discharge diagnosis.~Data
17 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.2 shows IHD and AMI hospital discharge diagnoses for
18 II, 5. 2. 3 | factors, such as different hospital admission policies, different
19 II, 5. 2. 3 | coding practice and multiple hospital admissions for the same
20 II, 5. 2. 3 | data on IHD, AMI and stroke hospital discharges are reported
21 II, 5. 2. 3 | with the data on all CVD hospital discharges. There are great
22 II, 5. 2. 3 | availability of data on hospital discharges for these conditions
23 II, 5. 2. 3 | care.~ ~Table 5.2.2. Crude hospital discharge rates (x100.000)
24 II, 5. 2. 3 | thrombolytic therapy use from hospital in-patient database, coronary
25 II, 5. 2. 3 | he/she is re-admitted in hospital for surgery, the data refer
26 II, 5. 2. 3 | he/she is re-admitted in hospital for surgery and distinguish
27 II, 5. 2. 3 | non-fatal, in and out of hospital, first and recurrent coronary
28 II, 5. 2. 3 | non fatal in and out of hospital first and recurrent events)
29 II, 5. 2. 3 | patients dying before reaching hospital); annual change in coronary
30 II, 5. 2. 3 | factors such as different hospital admission policies, different
31 II, 5. 2. 3 | coding practice and multiple hospital admissions for the same
32 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.2 also shows stroke hospital discharge rates for men
33 II, 5. 2. 3 | factors such as multiple hospital admissions for the same
34 II, 5. 2. 3 | original event, different hospital admission policies and coding
35 II, 5. 2. 3 | type of lesion. Data on hospital discharges separated for
36 II, 5. 3. 7 | the health care system and hospital budgets are made on a proactive
37 II, 5. 4. 2 | administrative data including hospital discharges, pharmaceuticals,
38 II, 5. 4. 2 | clinical measurements (e.g. hospital discharges), frequently
39 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.6. Hospital discharge records~ ~Hospital
40 II, 5. 4. 2 | Hospital discharge records~ ~Hospital Discharge Records (HDRs)
41 II, 5. 4. 2 | administered during the hospital stay, and other main aspects
42 II, 5. 4. 2 | discharge (admission from other hospital, discharge at home, death,
43 II, 5. 4. 2 | death, etc.). The main hospital discharge diagnosis usually
44 II, 5. 4. 2 | the reimbursement for the hospital, and data are generally
45 II, 5. 4. 2 | Furthermore, harmonisation of hospital data is still to be realised
46 II, 5. 4. 2 | unbiased event rates after hospital interventions is necessary
47 II, 5. 4. 2 | Surveillance network; HDR: Hospital Discharge Records.~Definitions~
48 II, 5. 5. 1 | incidence data when derived from hospital discharge registers, not
49 II, 5. 5. 1 | or on morbidity based on hospital discharge rates do not reflect
50 II, 5. 5. 1 | derived nationally from hospital discharge registers and
51 II, 5. 5. 3 | are mostly available from hospital registers and practitioners.
52 II, 5. 5. 3 | registers and practitioners. Hospital registers and information
53 II, 5. 5. 3 | associated with repeated hospital stays and accounts for a
54 II, 5. 5. 3 | relatively long stays in hospital during the acute episode
55 II, 5. 5. 3 | morbidity rates (European Hospital Morbidity Database HMDB)
56 II, 5. 5. 3 | Database HMDB) with respect to hospital admissions due to ICD-10/
57 II, 5. 5. 3 | International shortlist for hospital morbidity tabulation). The
58 II, 5. 5. 3 | admission rates and lengths of hospital stays show deviations from
59 II, 5. 5. 3 | the broad range of days in hospital for example may in part
60 II, 5. 5. 3 | Statistics based only on hospital morbidity data yet underestimate
61 II, 5. 5. 3 | in settings outside the hospital.~ ~Data on the outpatient
62 II, 5. 5. 3 | medication applied during hospital stays.~ ~WHO-data on the
63 II, 5. 5. 3 | the diagnosis of interest, hospital admission rates as indicators
64 II, 5. 5. 3 | information on the length of hospital stays and on disability
65 II, 5. 5. 3 | Inter-country comparison of hospital age standardized in-patient
66 II, 5. 5. 3 | inter-country comparisons of hospital in-patient admission rates,
67 II, 5. 5. 3 | systems.~Not even accurate hospital morbidity data alone provide
68 II, 5. 5. 3 | In 2004, the costs for hospital stays due to mental disorders
69 II, 5. 5. 3 | great part of the costs for hospital stays is related to schizophrenia,
70 II, 5. 5. 3 | disease which affords long hospital stays and frequent readmissions.
71 II, 5. 5. 3 | Disability~HMDB~European Hospital Morbidity Database~ ~ ~
72 II, 5. 5. 3 | Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, aimed at collecting
73 II, 5. 6. 6 | recovery one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture:
74 II, 5. 7. 5 | outcomes, referral patterns and hospital administration.~· In Greece
75 II, 5. 7. 5 | methods of data transfer from hospital based clinical renal IT
76 II, 5. 8. 3 | patients discharged from hospital in Scandinavia, and highlighted
77 II, 5. 8. 3 | patients (446) were treated in hospital for 5073 days during a five-year
78 II, 5. 8. 3 | Average length of stay in hospital was 11.37 days and the cost
79 II, 5. 8. 6 | independent at home, reduce hospital admissions and improve the
80 II, 5. 8. 6 | receive palliative care in hospital (47.6% vs 5.1%, p<0.001)
81 II, 5. 8. 7 | patients discharged from hospital: the role of treatment and
82 II, 5. 8. 7 | programme can reduce days in hospital for patients with chronic
83 II, 5. 8. 7 | comparison of the utilization of hospital resources in Dubrovnik county.
84 II, 5. 9. 3 | total direct cost of asthma; hospital costs were 20-25%: inpatient
85 II, 5. 9. 3 | patients (4121) were treated in hospital for 1 192 days during a
86 II, 5. 9. 3 | Average length of stay in hospital was 9.85 days and the cost
87 II, 5. 9. 7 | comparison of the utilization of hospital resources in Dubrovnik county.
88 II, 5. 10. 2 | cross-comparisons, and usually refer to hospital populations of sensitive
89 II, 5. 10. 7 | Anderson H (2003): Increasing hospital admissions for systemic
90 II, 5. 15. 3 | estimate, which utilises hospital discharge records (HDRs),
91 II, 6. 3. 1 | from GP consultations and hospital admissions, the costs related
92 II, 6. 3. 2 | investment at both national and hospital levels in order to set up
93 II, 7.Acr | Falls in Pedestrians~HDD~Hospital Discharge Data~HFA-DB~Health
94 II, 7. 2. 2 | 7.2.2. Data on Hospital discharges~ ~Most health
95 II, 7. 2. 2 | completely comparable. Data on hospital discharges by diagnosis (
96 II, 7. 2. 2 | reliability and quality of hospital discharge data for injuries
97 II, 7. 2. 2 | project a database analysing hospital discharge data (Hospital
98 II, 7. 2. 2 | hospital discharge data (Hospital Discharge Database HDD)
99 II, 7. 2. 2 | indicators on the basis of the hospital discharge data. Access to
100 II, 7. 3. 1 | data model that combines hospital data of the European Injury
101 II, 7. 3. 1 | Database (IDB) with routine hospital discharge and cause of death
102 II, 7. 3. 1 | health care consumption (hospital bed days) and long term
103 II, 7. 3. 1 | 28 people are admitted to hospital and another 136 people are
104 II, 7. 3. 1 | Fatal Injuries~- 7 000 000 Hospital Admissions~- 34 200 000
105 II, 7. 3. 1 | Admissions~- 34 200 000 Hospital Outpatients~- 18 300 000
106 II, 7. 3. 1 | corresponds to 50 million hospital days annually and a prevalence
107 II, 7. 3. 3 | 7.3.3. Morbidity~ ~Hospital admissions due to accidents
108 II, 7. 3. 3 | nearly nine percent of all hospital admissions in the EU, causing
109 II, 7. 3. 3 | Figure 7.5).~ ~Figure 7.5. Hospital discharges due to injuries,
110 II, 7. 3. 3 | On average about 1 500 hospital discharges due to injuries
111 II, 7. 3. 3 | differences in national hospital admission policies and healthcare
112 II, 7. 3. 3 | healthcare systems. The average hospital stay after an injury is
113 II, 7. 3. 3 | 1.5 billion alone for hospital inpatients treated for injuries (
114 II, 7. 3. 3 | Table 7.3).~ ~Table 7.3. Hospital discharge due to injuries,
115 II, 7. 3. 4 | people need to be treated in hospital (Figure 7.13).~ ~Figure
116 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.14. Non fatal (hospital treated patients) home and
117 II, 7. 3. 4 | variety of indicators on hospital treated injuries, on both
118 II, 7. 3. 5 | not adequately documented. Hospital discharge data only deliver
119 II, 7. 3. 5 | self-harm.~ ~Figure 7.16. Hospital deaths and discharges due
120 II, 7. 3. 5 | on self harm injuries of hospital treated patients.~ ~For
121 II, 7. 3. 5 | developed (WHO, 2002).~ ~Again, hospital discharge data only give
122 II, 7. 3. 5 | injuries due to violence of hospital treated patients.~ ~The
123 II, 7. 4 | account for about 8% of all hospital admissions. In addition
124 II, 7. 4. 1 | and youths are admitted to hospital with a traumatic injury.
125 II, 7. 4. 4 | about 18% of injury related hospital admissions are due to sports
126 II, 7. 4. 4 | estimate of 1.2 million hospital admissions and 15 million
127 II, 7. 7 | 7. References~ ~APOLLO – Hospital discharge database (2008):
128 II, 9. 1. 1 | section rates in Italy by hospital payment mode: an analysis
129 II, 9. 1. 2 | baby is not viable. ~ ~b) Hospital Episode or Discharge Data.
130 II, 9. 1. 2 | accuracy and accessibility of hospital episode data d) electronic
131 II, 9. 2. 2 | perceptions of safety of hospital services is one such example.
132 II, 9. 2. 2 | Cities. Their Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative to promote breastfeeding
133 II, 9. 2. 3 | developed for presentations to hospital trauma units, and/or hospital
134 II, 9. 2. 3 | hospital trauma units, and/or hospital admissions. However, these
135 II, 9. 2. 5 | accommodated in general adult hospital beds. Similarly, a hospital
136 II, 9. 2. 5 | hospital beds. Similarly, a hospital setting requires other support
137 II, 9. 2. 7 | Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) (1988): EACH Charter.
138 II, 9. 2. 7 | 1991): The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, UNICEF. Available
139 II, 9. 3. 1 | general practitioners or hospital records. These methods are
140 II, 9. 3. 2 | can be identified using hospital discharge data. This indicator
141 II, 9. 3. 2 | and more costly lengths of hospital stay.~ ~F ~ ~Length of Hospital
142 II, 9. 3. 2 | hospital stay.~ ~F ~ ~Length of Hospital Stay~The length of hospital
143 II, 9. 3. 2 | Hospital Stay~The length of hospital stay has been decreasing
144 II, 9. 3. 2 | these trends towards shorter hospital stays it is therefore necessary
145 II, 9. 3. 2 | Evolution of length of stay in hospital after spontaneous singleton
146 II, 9. 3. 2 | routine databases such as hospital discharge data and medical
147 II, 9. 3. 2 | section rates in Italy by hospital payment mode: an analysis
148 II, 9. 4. 3 | genito-urinary medical care at a hospital in the United Kingdom showed
149 II, 9. 4. 5 | reduce the length of acute hospital stay (European Geriatric
150 II, 9. 5. 3 | surgery, more doctor visits, hospital stays, visits to pharmacies
151 III, 10. 2. 1 | the risk of attendance at hospital emergency rooms in a dose
152 III, 10. 2. 1 | Medicine and the University Hospital of Zurich and the Network
153 III, 10. 2. 1 | when subject to frequent hospital stays. Various illnesses
154 III, 10. 2. 1 | from a Glasgow Maternity Hospital. British Journal of Obstetrics
155 III, 10. 4. 1 | mortality and emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular
156 III, 10. 4. 1 | bronchitis, respiratory hospital admissions and days with
157 III, 10. 4. 1 | traffic emissions and less hospital admissions of children with
158 III, 10. 4. 1 | variations)~o Mortality (O3 )~o Hospital admissions~ ~· Respiratory (
159 III, 10. 4. 1 | Acute effects on respiratory hospital admissions~ ~· Intervention
160 III, 10. 5. 1 | million of these lead to hospital admissions, and around 83
161 III, 10. 5. 2 | medical care facilities (GP, hospital or medical centre) still
162 III, 10. 5. 3 | well as fewer days spent in hospital etc. The results show an
163 III, 10. 6. 3 | being developed. Obviously, hospital discharge data only give
164 IV, 11.Acr | Medicines Agency~HOPE~European Hospital and Healthcare Federation~
165 IV, 11. 1. 3 | 2003). For instance, in the hospital sector, countries that relied
166 IV, 11. 1. 3 | the practice of comparing hospital outcomes data in order to
167 IV, 11. 1. 4 | inequity in the probability of hospital inpatient care among the
168 IV, 11. 1. 5 | of pharmaceutical care. Hospital pharmacies’ functions have
169 IV, 11. 1. 5 | budgetary requirements. Hospital pharmacies increasingly
170 IV, 11. 1. 5 | increased collaboration between hospital pharmacists, prescribers,
171 IV, 11. 1. 5 | services are needed in the hospital to service outpatient care.
172 IV, 11. 1. 5 | outpatient care. The role of hospital pharmacists has also expanded
173 IV, 11. 1. 5 | contract, while a French hospital contract set that within
174 IV, 11. 1. 5 | intensive-care units at Johns Hopkins Hospital implemented a safety scheme
175 IV, 11. 1. 5 | arrests for the 489-bed hospital and a 3.95% decline in the
176 IV, 11. 1. 5 | and a 3.95% decline in the hospital’s mortality rate (McCarthy
177 IV, 11. 1. 5 | improving teamwork across hospital staff and the implementation
178 IV, 11. 1. 5 | year in the US (American Hospital Association, 1999). In Australia
179 IV, 11. 1. 5 | in an American teaching hospital, reported four errors per
180 IV, 11. 1. 5 | them to remain longer in hospital, are more likely to suffer
181 IV, 11. 1. 5 | psychological effects of prolonged hospital stays and/or disability
182 IV, 11. 1. 5 | suffering a medical error. Hospital incidents are perceived
183 IV, 11. 1. 6 | specialists~Physicians in public hospital~Physicians in private hospital~
184 IV, 11. 1. 6 | hospital~Physicians in private hospital~Austria~60% by fee-for-service
185 IV, 11. 1. 6 | training and distance from hospital.~Fee-for-service with maximum (
186 IV, 11. 1. 6 | insured patients in public hospital.~ ~Latvia~“Mixed capitation”~
187 IV, 11. 1. 6 | systems have in place a hospital payment system based on
188 IV, 11. 1. 6 | from a full retrospective hospital payment system towards one
189 IV, 11. 1. 6 | set part or the whole of hospital budgets in Austria, Belgium,
190 IV, 11. 1. 6 | Hanvoravongchai, 2003; HOPE - European Hospital and Healthcare Federation,
191 IV, 11. 1. 6 | transparency (HOPE - European Hospital and Healthcare Federation
192 IV, 11. 1. 6 | system (HOPE - European Hospital and Healthcare Federation,
193 IV, 11. 1. 6 | payment system for funding hospital services. Many countries
194 IV, 11. 1. 6 | prioritized within the local hospital environment. For example,
195 IV, 11. 1. 6 | account for differences in hospital structure, region and other
196 IV, 11. 1. 6 | The impact of the DRG hospital financing systems introduced
197 IV, 11. 1. 6 | became more cost conscious, hospital activities more transparent,
198 IV, 11. 1. 6 | insurance funds improved, and hospital costs increased more slowly,
199 IV, 11. 1. 6 | administration costs), and the hospital budget was better controlled.
200 IV, 11. 1. 6 | controlled. In Denmark, hospital activity increased, and
201 IV, 11. 1. 6 | financial transparency, and hospital budgets were better controlled (
202 IV, 11. 1. 6 | controlled (HOPE - European Hospital and Healthcare Federation,
203 IV, 11. 2. 1 | the perceived high cost of hospital care, the challenges of
204 IV, 11. 2. 1 | number of hospitals and hospital beds in many countries (
205 IV, 11. 2. 1 | patterns can be seen for hospital utilization, as discussed
206 IV, 11. 2. 1 | to a decreasing trend in hospital bed numbers, the average
207 IV, 11. 2. 1 | to consider the number of hospital beds available to the population,
208 IV, 11. 2. 1 | to the population, since hospital sizes vary across the European
209 IV, 11. 2. 1 | examining the number of hospital beds per capita, countries
210 IV, 11. 2. 1 | and Portugal (345). Most hospital beds are allocated to medical
211 IV, 11. 2. 1 | Figure 11.2.Number of hospital beds per 100,000 population,
212 IV, 11. 2. 1 | relatively high rates of hospital utilization, with over 25
213 IV, 11. 2. 1 | as a proportion of total hospital beds can be seen in Malta (
214 IV, 11. 2. 1 | and in some cases reduce hospital admission rates (Mattke
215 IV, 11. 3 | resources e.g. hospitals and hospital beds, have been discussed
216 IV, 11. 5. 4 | involvement of the local actors (hospital transplant teams and transplant
217 IV, 11. 6. 2 | applied to GP, specialist and hospital care only Austria, Belgium,
218 IV, 11. 6. 2 | be granted for very long hospital stays, for example inpatient
219 IV, 11. 6. 2 | in Slovakia who paid for hospital admissions grew by approximately
220 IV, 11. 6. 4 | According to many studies, hospital discharge records are a
221 IV, 11. 6. 4 | with other archives (e.g. hospital discharges, mortality records),
222 IV, 11. 6. 4 | the type of data sources. Hospital discharge records are available
223 IV, 11. 6. 5 | al. (2006): "Editorial: Hospital case payment systems in
224 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2006): Health care outside hospital: accessing generalist and
225 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Policies.~ ~HOPE - European Hospital and Healthcare Federation (
226 IV, 11. 6. 5 | in the probability of a hospital admission in Europe, Ecuity
227 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Shaw C (2003): How can hospital performance be measured
228 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Network synthesis report on hospital performance. Available at:
229 IV, 12.Acr | Association for Children in Hospital~EBD~Environmental burden
230 IV, 12. 1 | changes in organisation of hospital staff time schedules~ ~Internal
231 IV, 12. 4 | strategies for health services;~· hospital performances (waiting time
232 IV, 12. 10 | for the delivery of some hospital based services to Irish
233 IV, 12. 10 | provision of safe, high quality hospital services that deliver the
234 IV, 12. 10 | practice. The delivery of hospital services needs to be rebalanced
235 IV, 12. 10 | acute hospitals include:~· Hospital networks that provide quality
236 IV, 12. 10 | hotline in the Andreas Sigros Hospital (a big dermatological and
237 IV, 12. 10 | dermatological and venereal disease hospital, in Athens) that offers
238 IV, 12. 10 | Especially for the management of Hospital Waste it has been approved
239 IV, 12. 10 | few years, more and more hospital managers are trying to implement
240 IV, 12. 10 | employees~- Improvement of the hospital’s physical and organizational
241 IV, 12. 10 | obligation to join one of the 20 hospital districts.~ ~The Framework
242 IV, 13.Acr | Association for Children in Hospital~EBD~Environmental burden
243 IV, 13. 5 | can only be required for hospital treatment abroad and must
244 IV, 13. 5 | strategies for health services;~· hospital performances (waiting time
245 IV, 13. 6. 2 | Children do not occupy adult hospital beds – nor do adults occupy
246 IV, 13. 6. 2 | adults occupy children’s hospital cots. Yet measures of hospital
247 IV, 13. 6. 2 | hospital cots. Yet measures of hospital bed availability generally
248 IV, 13. 6. 2 | routine data on the levels of hospital provision for children.
249 IV, 13. 6. 2 | Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) seeks to promote
250 IV, 13. 6. 2 | facilities for children in hospital, as enshrined in their Charter
251 IV, 13. 6. 2 | the issues of appropriate hospital services for children, let
252 IV, 13. 6. 2 | Children’s Health Services~ ~Hospital services for children –
