Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 4 | evidence-based diagnosis of the main causes of poverty and exclusion
2 I, 2. 4 | found for many specific causes of death, including cardiovascular
3 I, 2. 9 | but this could have other causes, particularly improved housing
4 I, 2. 10. 4| global supply chain, this causes problems. It will be more
5 II, 4. 2 | 4.2. Life expectancy and causes of death~ ~ ~Since 1970,
6 II, 4. 2 | the underlying pattern of causes of death has changed.~When
7 II, 4. 2 | changes in age patterns and in causes of death. This method is
8 II, 4. 2 | different ages and of different causes of death to the increase
9 II, 4. 2 | life expectancy changes by causes of death. Table 4.2.2 shows
10 II, 4. 2 | contribution of 13 selected causes of death to the increase
11 II, 4. 2 | the category ‘remaining causes of death’ shows. In the
12 II, 4. 2 | availability of data on causes of death for both periods.
13 II, 4. 2 | by circulatory diseases (causes 6, 7 and 8 in table 3) has
14 II, 4. 2 | cause of death, cancer (causes 2, 3, 4 and 5 in table 3),
15 II, 4. 2 | prevalence. Mortality by external causes (causes 10, 11 and 12 in
16 II, 4. 2 | Mortality by external causes (causes 10, 11 and 12 in table 3)
17 II, 4. 2 | the category ‘remaining causes of death’ (cause 14 in table
18 II, 4. 2 | the effect of remaining causes was relatively large in
19 II, 4. 2 | in the practice of coding causes of death across countries.
20 II, 5. 1. 1| poisoning) within total causes of death; 3 years average (
21 II, 5. 1. 1| poisoning) within total causes of death; 3 years average (
22 II, 5. 1. 1| salt-preserved foods are causes of this cancer. There is
23 II, 5. 1. 1| or its consequences, are causes of colorectal cancer is
24 II, 5. 1. 1| diabetes. A number of other causes of diabetes exist. Maturity
25 II, 5. 1. 1| suicide~The following are main causes of suicide: mental illness (
26 II, 5. 1. 1| the two major recognized causes of this disease, i.e., hepatitis
27 II, 5. 2. 2| for aggregated groups of causes of deaths and not for single
28 II, 5. 2. 3| accounting for 42% of all causes of deaths in EU (Figure
29 II, 5. 2. 6| LDL cholesterol reduction causes a reduction of CHD morbidity
30 II, 5. 2. 6| reduction of blood pressure causes a reduction of fatal and
31 II, 5. 3. 2| investigations into the causes of cancer. For instance,
32 II, 5. 3. 2| conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms
33 II, 5. 3. 4| salt-preserved foods are the causes of this cancer. There is
34 II, 5. 3. 4| or its consequences, are causes of colorectal cancer is
35 II, 5. 3. 7| Although all of these avoidable causes have not yet been clearly
36 II, 5. 3. 7| research to identify the causes and action to address deficiencies.
37 II, 5. 4. 2| and in all countries.~It causes prolonged ill health and
38 II, 5. 4. 2| general population from all causes /100,000 general population,
39 II, 5. 4. 5| age~ ~There are also other causes of diabetes. Maturity onset
40 II, 5. 4. 6| concerns implementation. This causes inequalities in life expectancy,
41 II, 5. 4. 8| Special Feature: Nature and causes of trends in male diabetes
42 II, 5. 5.Int| Four of the six leading causes of years lived with disability
43 II, 5. 5. 1| In addition, depression causes severe interference with
44 II, 5. 5. 1| significant as it is common and causes decrease in quality of life
45 II, 5. 5. 1| suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the 15-35 age
46 II, 5. 5. 1| is derived from national causes–of-death statistics. It
47 II, 5. 5. 1| contains annual information on causes of death, grouped according
48 II, 5. 5. 1| States. These include data on causes of mortality and potential
49 II, 5. 5. 3| Association) (2004): What Causes Eating Disorders? Available
50 II, 5. 5. 3| from natural and unnatural causes (premature deaths). About
51 II, 5. 5. 3| death rate. The other main causes of mortality are due to
52 II, 5. 5. 3| belongs to the ten leading causes of disability adjusted life
53 II, 5. 5. 3| third on the list of leading causes of years lived with disability (
54 II, 5. 5. 3| on mortality for selected causes of death are not even available
55 II, 5. 5. 3| consumption). The underlying causes for this coincidence have
56 II, 5. 5. 3| rates are due to several causes, including seizures, accidents
57 II, 5. 5. 3| surgical patients, the SMR (all causes) was 4.9 (95% CI 2.7-8.3)
58 II, 5. 5. 3| driving fatalities vs other causes of death in patients with
59 II, 5. 5. 3| the National Registry of Causes of Death, and the Danish
60 II, 5. 5. 3| patients die from other causes or from age-related diseases
61 II, 5. 5. 3| sector. Disability due to PD causes a strong need for informal
62 II, 5. 5. 3| Gasser, 2007). Environmental causes have been proposed, but
63 II, 5. 5. 3| Tanner CM (2006): Nongenetic causes of Parkinson’s disease.
64 II, 5. 6. 3| conditions rank in the top 10 causes of DALY in Europe (WHO European
65 II, 5. 6. 3| or tumour. Such specific causes account for about 10% of
66 II, 5. 6. 4| consistent diagnosis or causes given to such claims.~ ~
67 II, 5. 6. 4| the most common medical causes of long term absence, which
68 II, 5. 6. 4| complaints are also common causes for disability pensions,
69 II, 5. 6. 4| cardiovascular disorders as causes for disability pensions.
70 II, 5. 7. 3| or even decrease in some causes of ESRD, have prompted some
71 II, 5. 7. 3| or even decrease in some causes of ESRD, have prompted some
72 II, 5. 7. 4| across EU Member States, the causes for the considerable differences
73 II, 5. 7. 4| prevalence of underlying causes of ESRD, by the access to
74 II, 5. 8. 1| factors and air pollution) causes a rapid deterioration in
75 II, 5. 8. 3| one of the most important causes of death in most countries.
76 II, 5. 8. 3| rates for the six leading causes of death in the United States
77 II, 5. 8. 3| the multiple underlying causes (Furhman et al, 2006). In
78 II, 5. 9. FB| hygienic and social conditions, causes a significant increase of
79 II, 5. 9. 3| understanding of its aetiological causes and its epidemiological
80 II, 5. 10. 7| Strannegard IL (2001): The causes of the increasing prevalence
81 II, 5. 11. 2| education and research into the causes and distribution of skin
82 II, 5. 11. 3| among the most frequent causes of occupational disability,
83 II, 5. 11. 3| if stainless steel rarely causes allergic skin reactions
84 II, 5. 11. 6| high. Research into the causes of skin disease is still
85 II, 5. 11. 6| that seeks to find out the causes of skin diseases which could,
86 II, 5. 11. 7| Dermatitis – the epidemiology, causes and prevention of aropic
87 II, 5. 12. 1| in the major recognized causes of this disease, i.e., hepatitis
88 II, 5. 12. 4| the two major recognized causes of this disease, i.e., hepatitis
89 II, 5. 15. 3| the double mutation which causes the disease. The identification
90 II, 5. 15. 4| management of important causes of mortality and ill health
91 II, 6. 3. 5| Measles is an acute illness causes by morbillivirus. The disease
92 II, 6. 3. 6| the EU, but are important causes of gastroenteritis all over
93 II, 6. 3. 6| Escherichia coli (VTEC) causes an enteric infection, with
94 II, 6. 3. 6| contains the botulism toxin causes food-borne botulism, while
95 II, 7.Acr | Road Accident Database~COD~Causes of Death Statistics~CVI~
96 II, 7. 1 | standardized death rates for many causes except for home and leisure
97 II, 7. 1 | In contrast to many other causes of illness or premature
98 II, 7. 1 | addressing the external causes of injuries such as roads,
99 II, 7. 2. 1| 7.2.1. Data on causes of death (COD)~ ~Data on
100 II, 7. 2. 1| of death (COD)~ ~Data on causes of death (COD) provide information
101 II, 7. 2. 1| consequences of external causes ~ (S00-T98).~- Chapter XX:
102 II, 7. 2. 1| Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality (
103 II, 7. 2. 1| Classification of external causes of injury and poisoning (
104 II, 7. 2. 1| which the information on causes of death is reported and
105 II, 7. 2. 1| practices of certain external causes like long term consequences
106 II, 7. 2. 1| Classification of External Causes of Injuries~ ~ICECI has
107 II, 7. 2. 1| rather includes the external causes and can be used as a complementary
108 II, 7. 2. 2| information on external causes on accidents and injuries -
109 II, 7. 2. 6| on the detailed external causes e.g. activity, type of sports,
110 II, 7. 3. 2| Figure 7.2. Fatal injuries by causes of death, all ages, EU27~ ~
111 II, 7. 3. 2| Figure 7.4. Selected causes of fatal injuries, Standardised
112 II, 7. 3. 3| data is available on the causes of sick leave and disability
113 II, 7. 3. 4| circumstances and external causes of road accidents for the
114 II, 7. 3. 5| are one of are the main causes of injury mortality in the
115 II, 7. 4 | little data available on the causes of sick leave and disability
116 II, 7. 4. 1| flames are the top three causes of injury deaths in children (
117 II, 7. 4. 1| suicides are the most common causes for injury deaths (Figure
118 II, 7. 4. 1| 19.b. Fatal injuries by causes of death, 15-24 years of
119 II, 7. 4. 2| 19.c. Fatal injuries by causes of death, 65+ years of age~ ~
120 II, 7. 4. 6| suicide are other important causes of premature death and hospitalisation.
121 II, 7. 4. 6| large number of underlying causes. It is associated with a
122 II, 7. 5 | In contrast to many other causes of ill health or premature
123 II, 7. 5 | major health threats and causes of mortality and morbidity;
124 II, 7. 5 | surveillance of external causes like settings, activities,
125 II, 7. 7 | New Cronos database - Causes of death by region, Standardised
126 II, 7. 7 | New Cronos database - Causes of death by region, Standardised
127 II, 8. 2. 1| 8.2.1.4. Risk factors~ ~Causes of intellectual disability~
128 II, 8. 2. 1| been discovered, but many causes are still unknown. Intellectual
129 II, 8. 2. 1| brain abnormality. These causes can happen before a child
130 II, 8. 2. 1| of the most common known causes of intellectual disability
131 II, 8. 2. 1| occur before birth. Other causes that take place before a
132 II, 8. 2. 1| during pregnancy. Other causes of intellectual disability
133 II, 8. 2. 1| and asphyxia). Still other causes of intellectual disability
134 II, 8. 2. 2| of diseases, injuries and causes of death, 10th revision (
135 II, 8. 2. 2| more.~ ~The analysis of the causes of blindness indicate that
136 II, 8. 2. 2| retinopathy are also significant causes of blindness in all these
137 II, 8. 2. 2| countries.~ ~Table 8.3. Causes of blindness as a percentage
138 II, 8. 2. 2| more.~ ~The analysis of the causes of blindness indicate that
139 II, 8. 2. 2| retinopathy are also significant causes of blindness in all these
140 II, 8. 2. 2| countries.~ ~Table 8.3. Causes of blindness as a percentage
141 II, 8. 2. 2| and preventing avoidable causes of visual impairment, including
142 II, 8. 2. 3| hearing loss due to congenital causes, infectious diseases, other
143 II, 8. 2. 3| years and over~ ~The leading causes of adult-onset hearing loss
144 II, 9 | environmental factors as causes, and these are at present
145 II, 9. 1. 1| the perinatal period, the causes of infant deaths and on
146 II, 9. 1. 1| APGAR score at 5 minutes~F: Causes of perinatal death/deaths
147 II, 9. 1. 1| Infant mortality and its causes~Data on the causes of infant
148 II, 9. 1. 1| and its causes~Data on the causes of infant deaths are available
149 II, 9. 1. 1| Unfortunately, all of the causes associated to conditions
150 II, 9. 1. 1| information on the specific causes of perinatal deaths. Nonetheless,
151 II, 9. 1. 1| highest rates of these other causes are reported for Bulgaria (
152 II, 9. 1. 1| mortality declines, perinatal causes are responsible for a greater
153 II, 9. 1. 2| environmental factors as causes, and these are at present
154 II, 9. 1. 2| funded into the environmental causes of congenital anomalies.~ ~
155 II, 9. 1. 2| well as research into the causes of congenital anomalies,
156 II, 9. 2. 1| is known that the major causes of mortality and morbidity
157 II, 9. 2. 3| intellectual, or behavioural causes). There is a common public
158 II, 9. 2. 3| of wellbeing. Whether the causes are population movement,
159 II, 9. 3. 1| bracket, with the predominant causes of death being cardiovascular
160 II, 9. 3. 1| Premature mortality by selected causes of deaths in EU, 2005~ ~
161 II, 9. 3. 1| associated to tobacco smoking, causes 35% of all deaths before
162 II, 9. 3. 1| has been presumed that the causes of men’s increased risk
163 II, 9. 3. 1| diseases are the main group of causes of death, causing about
164 II, 9. 3. 1| highlighted the main reported causes of death in men aged 15-
165 II, 9. 3. 1| Abdominal aortic aneurism causes approximately 7 000 deaths
166 II, 9. 3. 1| individual, with the main causes being:~1. An increased abundance
167 II, 9. 3. 1| are available as to the causes of symptoms in midlife inherent
168 II, 9. 3. 1| vaginal and urethral atrophy, causes a decreased production of
169 II, 9. 3. 1| status. Estrogen deficiency causes atrophic changes of the
170 II, 9. 3. 1| Boyle et al 2003). The causes are mainly due to either
171 II, 9. 3. 1| 388~ ~Haslam, D (2007) The causes of male obesity and associated
172 II, 9. 3. 1| Niederlaender E (2006): Causes of death in the EU. Statistics
173 II, 9. 3. 2| Alexander et al, 2003). The causes of maternal death can be
174 II, 9. 3. 2| complications, and ‘indirect’ causes, such as cardiac and other
175 II, 9. 3. 2| standardise coding of the causes of death. Instituting audits
176 II, 9. 3. 2| fréquence, facteurs et causes. BEH 2006;50(392-5).~ ~Platt
177 II, 9. 3. 3| over report and many other causes.~ ~ ~ ~
178 II, 9. 4. 3| 2003). The most common causes of death in women over 65,
179 II, 9. 4. 3| the very old) and external causes. In men over 65, the most
180 II, 9. 4. 3| over 65, the most common causes of death, according to prevalence,
181 II, 9. 4. 3| very old), other external causes, diseases of the circulatory
182 II, 9. 4. 3| diseases become the major causes of death and disability
183 II, 9. 4. 3| 9.4.2. Fatal injuries by causes of death, 65+~ ~Mental health,
184 II, 9. 4. 3| represent four of the six major causes of years lived with disability.
185 II, 9. 4. 3| 25-30%. Over 85, the main causes of death are the diseases
186 II, 9. 4. 3| 2005).~ ~Cancer~ ~Cancer causes a large part of all deaths
187 II, 9. 4. 3| people is poor. Possible causes are that treatment is not
188 II, 9. 4. 3| Table 9.4.2. Most common causes of blindness and partial
189 II, 9. 4. 7| mortality risk from all causes and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular
190 II, 9. 5. 3| significant factor in the causes of mortality associated
191 II, 9. 5. 3| significant factor in the causes of mortality associated
192 III | PART III~HEALTH CAUSES, FACTORS AND DETERMINANTS~ ~
193 III, 10. 1 | characterised by several causes with different strengths
194 III, 10. 2. 1| six of the eight leading causes of death in the world (WHO,
195 III, 10. 2. 1| for several world leading causes of death.~ ~Table 10.2.1.
196 III, 10. 2. 1| 3. Deaths from selected causes (%), attributable to smoking,
197 III, 10. 2. 1| environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) causes adverse health effects,
198 III, 10. 2. 1| stimulates the body and causes a sudden release of glucose,
199 III, 10. 2. 1| European Union. Tobacco causes one in seven deaths in the
200 III, 10. 2. 1| every year. Worldwide, it causes 5,4 million deaths annually.~ ~
201 III, 10. 2. 1| European Union, alcohol causes:~- 45,000 deaths from liver
202 III, 10. 2. 1| unintentional injury as primary causes of death in young people,
203 III, 10. 2. 1| alcohol, including external causes (e.g. violence, accidents),
204 III, 10. 2. 1| result of a combination of causes. Studies have found that
205 III, 10. 2. 1| while vigorous activity causes rapid breathing and a substantial
206 III, 10. 2. 1| decreased work performance. Causes for deficiency can be excessive
207 III, 10. 2. 1| for iron. Further emerging causes for inadequate micronutrient
208 III, 10. 2. 3| reduction of blood pressure causes a reduction of fatal and
209 III, 10. 2. 4| the understanding of the causes of disease, the organisation
210 III, 10. 3. 3| Measles is an acute illness causes by morbillivirus. Mumps
211 III, 10. 3. 3| but are both important causes of gastroenteritis all over
212 III, 10. 3. 4| increase from a range of causes.~ ~Other harmful exposures
213 III, 10. 3. 4| factors refer to age, specific causes of death and pre-existing
214 III, 10. 3. 4| falls across a wide range of causes. Heat stroke, although widely
215 III, 10. 3. 4| primary productivity and causes water scarcity. It affected
216 III, 10. 4. 1| public transport are the main causes of environmental problems
217 III, 10. 4. 1| and is one of the major causes of hospitalization among
218 III, 10. 4. 2| viruses are the most important causes of food-borne outbreaks.
219 III, 10. 4. 2| are unclear. Acrylamide causes cancer in animals. While
220 III, 10. 4. 5| land and water) snails and causes dermatitis when it mistakenly
221 III, 10. 4. 5| disposal is one of the main causes of soil pollution. Large
222 III, 10. 5. 1| deaths from respiratory causes decreased by 15.5% and deaths
223 III, 10. 5. 1| deaths from cardiovascular causes decreased by 10.3% (Clancy
224 III, 10. 5. 2| evident for most of the major causes of death but were greater
225 III, 10. 5. 2| Statistics Lithuania (2007): Causes of deaths 2006. Vilnius,
226 III, 10. 5. 3| Diseases often have multiple causes. They are associated with
227 III, 10. 5. 3| falls are one of the main causes of accidents in all sectors
228 III, 10. 5. 3| most often have multiple causes. They are associated with
229 III, 10. 6. 1| connections and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular
230 III, 10. 6. 2| found for many specific causes of death, including cardiovascular
231 III, 10. 6. 2| cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of inequalities, accounting
232 III, 10. 6. 2| are the most important causes of health inequalities in
233 III, 10. 6. 2| known to be among the worst causes of poor health and inequalities
234 III, 10. 6. 2| Research - to identify the causes of socio-economic health
235 IV, 11. 1. 3| detailed studies on the causes of death where there is
236 IV, 11. 1. 5| attributed to a number of causes, among which: administrative
237 IV, 11. 3. 2| excellent data on health status, causes of death and healthcare
238 IV, 12. 1 | promoting research into their causes, their transmission and
239 IV, 12. 2 | in implementation. This causes inequalities in life expectancy,
240 IV, 12. 5 | initiatives to identify the causes of, address and reduce health
241 IV, 13. 1 | selected non-communicable causes in EU 27~ ~These considerable
242 IV, 13. 1 | understand better the root causes of health (i.e. health determinants)
243 IV, 13. 2. 2| 2-6% of deaths from all causes were attributed to outdoor
244 IV, 13. 2. 2| conditions rank in the top 10 causes of DALY in Europe and osteoarthritis
245 IV, 13. 2. 3| 2-6 % of deaths from all causes were due to outdoor air
