Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 4 | disease, many cancers, and injury.~ ~These inequalities in
2 II, 5. 1. 1| disease, cancer and violence (injury and poisoning) within total
3 II, 5. 1. 1| disease, cancer and violence (injury and poisoning) within total
4 II, 5. 5. 1| suicide and self-inflicted injury per 100 000 population.
5 II, 5. 6. 3| transient, such as following injury; recurrent as is often the
6 II, 7.Acr | Comprehensive View of European Injury Data~DALY~Disability Adjusted
7 II, 7.Acr | European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Prevention~
8 II, 7.Acr | Related Health Problems~IDB~EU Injury Data Base~ILO~International
9 II, 7.Acr | Road Users~VIP~Violence and Injury prevention~WHO~World Health
10 II, 7. 1 | health actions to enhance injury surveillance, injury prevention
11 II, 7. 1 | enhance injury surveillance, injury prevention and safety promotion:~ ~
12 II, 7. 1 | released its Recommendation on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion
13 II, 7. 1 | Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
14 II, 7. 1 | available information about the injury burden of health, underlining
15 II, 7. 1 | HDD (Apollo), IDB.~ ~An injury is a bodily lesion resulting
16 II, 7. 1 | and the appearance of the injury is short. Injuries are often
17 II, 7. 1 | Therefore, effective injury prevention also needs appropriate
18 II, 7. 1 | external factors. Detailed injury data make it possible to
19 II, 7. 1 | prevention measures, monitor injury trends, prioritise issues,
20 II, 7. 1 | examples of how detailed injury data has guided the improvement
21 II, 7. 1 | several times.~ ~Traditionally injury prevention in EU Member
22 II, 7. 1 | and justice etc. Although injury prevention programmes in
23 II, 7. 1 | provides a general overview of injury mortality and morbidity
24 II, 7. 2 | identify factors related to injury. These are collectively
25 II, 7. 2 | are collectively called injury surveillance systems. Several
26 II, 7. 2 | coming from particular injury sectors e.g. police recorded
27 II, 7. 2. 1| ICD-10:~- Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other
28 II, 7. 2. 1| ICD-9:~- Chapter 17 on INJURY AND POISONING (800-999)~-
29 II, 7. 2. 1| Classification of external causes of injury and poisoning (E800-E999)~ ~
30 II, 7. 2. 1| basis for developing the EU Injury Database (IDB) Coding Manual.~htt ~ ~
31 II, 7. 2. 3| accidents resulting in death or injury (no statistics on damage -
32 II, 7. 2. 6| 7.2.6. EU Injury Database (IDB)~ ~The core
33 II, 7. 2. 6| The core survey of the EU Injury Database is based on Accident
34 II, 7. 2. 6| database.~htt ~ ~The IDB “All Injury Coding Manual” is mostly
35 II, 7. 2. 6| is comparable across all injury sectors.~ ~
36 II, 7. 2. 7| 7.2.7. Injury Statistics Portal for Mortality
37 II, 7. 2. 7| for Mortality Data~ ~The Injury Statistics Portal for mortality
38 II, 7. 2. 9| complement the research on injury statistics.~ ~Experts at
39 II, 7. 2. 9| European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion)
40 II, 7. 2. 9| contact point for European injury analyses. htt ~ ~The EuroCost
41 II, 7. 2. 9| comparison and summarisation of injury figures is rather difficult.~ ~ ~ ~
42 II, 7. 3 | yearly average based on the injury data of the latest available
43 II, 7. 3. 1| hospital data of the European Injury Database (IDB) with routine
44 II, 7. 3. 1| by different sectors of injury prevention. Projections
45 II, 7. 3. 1| consequences (prevalence of injury disability) of injuries
46 II, 7. 3. 1| for a comparison of major injury outcomes per injury sector,
47 II, 7. 3. 1| major injury outcomes per injury sector, providing added
48 II, 7. 3. 1| health and cross-sector injury prevention. For example:~ ~·
49 II, 7. 3. 1| an important setting for injury surveillance.~ ~Table 7.
50 II, 7. 3. 2| disabled people and unchanged injury morbidity rates. Nevertheless,
51 II, 7. 3. 2| someone dies of a fatal injury in the EU27. This adds up
52 II, 7. 3. 2| Lithuania has the highest injury fatality rate in the EU
53 II, 7. 3. 2| The risk of dying from an injury in Lithuania is over five
54 II, 7. 3. 2| country which has the lowest injury fatality rate for this time
55 II, 7. 3. 2| in the EU27 reduced its injury mortality rate to the same
56 II, 7. 3. 2| Figure 7.1).~ ~Figure 7.1. Injury death rates and injury deaths
57 II, 7. 3. 2| Injury death rates and injury deaths per country, EU27~ ~
58 II, 7. 3. 2| for about two thirds of injury deaths (68%) and intentional
59 II, 7. 3. 2| lives than any other type of injury, 5% are of undetermined
60 II, 7. 3. 2| The risk of dying from an injury is almost twice as high
61 II, 7. 3. 2| twice as high for males (72 injury deaths per 100 000 males)
62 II, 7. 3. 2| As a result, 66% of EU injury fatalities are male, 34%
63 II, 7. 3. 2| Figure 7.3).~ ~Figure 7.3. Injury deaths per 100 000 by sex
64 II, 7. 3. 2| Recent trends indicate that injury mortality in the 27 Member
65 II, 7. 3. 2| can be reported for all injury areas except for home and
66 II, 7. 3. 2| to save more lives from injury deaths and to accelerate
67 II, 7. 3. 2| accelerate the overall decline of injury mortality (Figure 7.4).~ ~
68 II, 7. 3. 3| average hospital stay after an injury is approximately 8 days,
69 II, 7. 3. 4| orientation for cross-sector injury prevention by linking the
70 II, 7. 3. 4| horizontal WHO approach to injury prevention (Figure 7.6).~ ~
71 II, 7. 3. 4| While the magnitude of the injury epidemic is alarming, the
72 II, 7. 3. 4| definition, a transport injury event is an incident involving
73 II, 7. 3. 4| device and resulting in injury. The transport area can
74 II, 7. 3. 4| future also from the EU Injury Database (IDB).~ ~According
75 II, 7. 3. 4| accidents per age group and injury severity~ ~Work place~ ~
76 II, 7. 3. 4| accidents in the available injury registers is not without
77 II, 7. 3. 4| account for about 18% of this injury sector (Figure 7.14).~ ~
78 II, 7. 3. 4| activity at the time of injury~ ~Injury surveillance in
79 II, 7. 3. 4| at the time of injury~ ~Injury surveillance in the home
80 II, 7. 3. 4| turn hampers respective injury research. A prevention-oriented „
81 II, 7. 3. 4| prevention-oriented „all injury“ surveillance system such
82 II, 7. 3. 4| surveillance system such as the EU Injury Database (IDB) is currently
83 II, 7. 3. 4| establishment of specially designed injury surveillance systems is
84 II, 7. 3. 4| development and evaluation of injury prevention strategies. The
85 II, 7. 3. 4| and for the purpose of injury prevention in particular
86 II, 7. 3. 4| activity at the time of injury, type of sports, injury
87 II, 7. 3. 4| injury, type of sports, injury mechanism, place of occurrence
88 II, 7. 3. 5| of are the main causes of injury mortality in the EU27 (24%
89 II, 7. 3. 5| changed as the European Injury Database will also contain
90 II, 7. 3. 5| likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm,
91 II, 7. 3. 5| currently developed European Injury Database will in future
92 II, 7. 4 | The risk of dying from an injury is five times greater in
93 II, 7. 4 | Member State with the highest injury rate than in that with the
94 II, 7. 4 | inequalities in exposure to injury risks according to sex,
95 II, 7. 4 | lists also contain several injury indicators defining the
96 II, 7. 4 | the European standard of injury indicators.~(See: htt ~ ~
97 II, 7. 4 | indicators.~(See: htt ~ ~Injury surveillance systems in
98 II, 7. 4 | to calculate the standard injury indicators. Only some of
99 II, 7. 4 | resource allocation for injury prevention by setting priorities.
100 II, 7. 4 | the various categories of injury, such as loss of productive
101 II, 7. 4 | and impacts in terms of injury reduction.~ ~This has led
102 II, 7. 4 | seven priority areas for injury prevention, analysed more
103 II, 7. 4. 1| young ages (Figure 7.18). Injury is the leading cause of
104 II, 7. 4. 1| death that occurs due to injury another 50 children and
105 II, 7. 4. 1| hospital with a traumatic injury. Another 800 cases are treated
106 II, 7. 4. 1| Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
107 II, 7. 4. 1| Promotion, 2008).~ ~Figure 7.18. Injury death in % of all deaths
108 II, 7. 4. 1| the top three causes of injury deaths in children (Figure
109 II, 7. 4. 1| actions should tackle severe injury hazards for preschool children
110 II, 7. 4. 1| the most common causes for injury deaths (Figure 7.19.B).~ ~
111 II, 7. 4. 1| Project is dealing with the injury risk of young people and
112 II, 7. 4. 1| Experts on Accidents and Injury Prevention, 2007).~ ~Link
113 II, 7. 4. 2| highest mortality rates due to injury are reported among people
114 II, 7. 4. 2| 65 or older die due to an injury in the EU27.~On average,
115 II, 7. 4. 2| medical treatment due to an injury each year, which represents
116 II, 7. 4. 2| Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
117 II, 7. 4. 3| contributors to the burden of injury. Each year, 45 000 people
118 II, 7. 4. 3| run the highest risk of an injury (Figure 7.20; see also Figure
119 II, 7. 4. 3| Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
120 II, 7. 4. 3| pedestrians were affected by an injury due to falls in transport
121 II, 7. 4. 4| without risks: about 18% of injury related hospital admissions
122 II, 7. 4. 4| activities that dominate the injury league are ball games such
123 II, 7. 4. 4| Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
124 II, 7. 4. 4| practiced at the time of injury, EU27, 2003-2005~ ~The “
125 II, 7. 4. 4| practiced at the time of injury by age group, 2003-2005~ ~
126 II, 7. 4. 4| of physical exercise and injury prevention, should be combined
127 II, 7. 4. 4| Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
128 II, 7. 4. 4| A recent example of injury prevention in organised
129 II, 7. 4. 5| safety to become involved in injury protection is obvious.~ ~
130 II, 7. 4. 5| it is essential to have injury monitoring and reporting
131 II, 7. 4. 5| identify the nature of the injury, the nature of the product
132 II, 7. 4. 5| the circumstances of the injury. In the EU injury Data Base, (
133 II, 7. 4. 5| of the injury. In the EU injury Data Base, (IDB) products
134 II, 7. 4. 5| in the accident and the injury are identified and can provide
135 II, 7. 4. 6| Actions in the field of injury prevention should therefore
136 II, 7. 5 | situation is without any injury risk and for almost any
137 II, 7. 5 | without any policy in some injury area; laws, policies and
138 II, 7. 5 | States: the risk for fatal injury in one country can exceed
139 II, 7. 5 | particular challenge is that injury prevention is a cross-cutting
140 II, 7. 5 | species, only in rcent years injury prevention has also been
141 II, 7. 5 | play a key role also in injury prevention as its mandate
142 II, 7. 5 | of direct cost related to injury is absorbed by the health
143 II, 7. 5 | prevention efforts. How injury prevention can be supported
144 II, 7. 5 | for the implementation of injury prevention actions. Focal
145 II, 7. 5 | are to be promoted, and injury and violence prevention
146 II, 7. 5 | Capacity-building: The prevention of injury and violence requires knowledgeable
147 II, 7. 5 | reports about the burden of injury, the analyses of the preventability
148 II, 7. 5 | Member States (i) to put injury on the health policy agenda; (
149 II, 7. 5 | agenda; (ii) to develop injury surveillance instruments; (
150 II, 7. 5 | institutional capacity for injury prevention; (iv) to promote
151 II, 7. 5 | Recommendation on the prevention of injury and the promotion of safety”
152 II, 7. 5 | Implement appropriate injury surveillance and reporting
153 II, 7. 5 | pre-requisite for targeted injury prevention and monitoring
154 II, 7. 5 | should develop representative injury surveillance instruments
155 II, 7. 5 | monitor the evolution of injury risks. Special attention
156 II, 7. 5 | plans or programmes for injury prevention and safety promotion:
157 II, 7. 5 | the capacity to tackle the injury problem: Injury prevention
158 II, 7. 5 | tackle the injury problem: Injury prevention should be implemented
159 II, 7. 5 | reporting Community-wide injury data and information;~·
160 II, 7. 5 | States for the inclusion of injury prevention knowledge into
161 II, 7. 5 | Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion,
162 II, 7. 5 | the current situation of injury prevention in Europe, informs
163 II, 7. 5 | violence).~ ~For what concerns injury surveillance, the following
164 II, 7. 5 | WHO is to be mentioned: “Injury Surveillance Guidelines”
165 II, 7. 5 | needs and approaches to injury data collection (Holder
166 II, 7. 5 | a common methodology for injury information based on data
167 II, 7. 5 | stakeholders with Community-wide injury information the Member States
168 II, 7. 5 | invited to:~ ~· Provide injury data on fatalities (mortality
169 II, 7. 5 | implementing a stable Community injury information system, according
170 II, 7. 5 | product and service related injury risks;~· Encourage collaboration
171 II, 7. 5 | statistical systems relevant to injury for providing a one access
172 II, 7. 5 | level; and~· Disseminate injury information for advocacy
173 II, 7. 5 | by hosting the European Injury Data Base IDB, by making
174 II, 7. 5 | develop human capacities for injury prevention, basic knowledge
175 II, 7. 5 | European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion “
176 II, 7. 5 | networks) on all aspects of injury prevention and is working
177 II, 7. 5 | effective measures for injury prevention” and a “Who is
178 II, 7. 5 | newsletter, a scientific journal (Injury Control and Safety Promotion)
179 II, 7. 5 | Knowledge of ‘what works’ in injury prevention is needed to
180 II, 7. 5 | European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety EUROSAFE
181 II, 7. 5 | and effective measures in injury prevention where everybody
182 II, 7. 6 | public health contribution to injury prevention will become more
183 II, 7. 6 | still at an initial stage. Injury is a major health problem,
184 II, 7. 6 | of health in the field of injury is ambitious. In fact, in
185 II, 7. 6 | underestimated.~Inequalities also in injury risk and access to safety
186 II, 7. 6 | involved. The challenge for injury prevention is to create
187 II, 7. 6 | extent – for: establishing injury surveillance and information;
188 II, 7. 6 | exchanging experiences; including injury prevention knowledge in
189 II, 7. 6 | centres of excellence for injury prevention in Europe is
190 II, 7. 6 | into consideration that injury represents the fourth leading
191 II, 7. 7 | accidents by age group and injury severity (seriously injured
192 II, 7. 7 | 31 on the prevention of injury and the promotion of safety.
193 II, 7. 7 | Athens University.~ ~European Injury Database (2005): Home and
194 II, 7. 7 | M, Krug E (Eds.) (2001): Injury Surveillance guidelines.
195 II, 7. 7 | Organization (WHO): The injury chart book: a graphical
196 II, 7. 7 | Preventing Road Traffic Injury: A Public Health Perspective
197 II, 7. 7 | Governmental Experts on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (
198 II, 7. 7 | Organization (WHO) (2001): Injury surveillance guidelines.
199 II, 7. 7 | World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. Geneva, World
200 II, 8. 2. 1| years. It can be caused by injury, disease, or a brain abnormality.
201 II, 8. 2. 1| may include serious head injury, stroke, or certain infections
202 II, 8. 2. 3| diseases, other diseases or injury (adult-onset hearing loss,
203 II, 9. 2. 1| sports/recreational related injury, most of which affect boys
204 II, 9. 2. 3| earlier in this section, injury is the greatest cause of
205 II, 9. 2. 3| the result of intentional injury. Physical injuries are the
206 II, 9. 2. 3| 2007a).~ ~However, fatal injury is just the tip of the iceberg,
207 II, 9. 2. 3| the totality of childhood injury cannot regularly be measured.~ ~
208 II, 9. 2. 3| other forms than physical injury, however. A worrying situation
209 II, 9. 2. 3| from physical assault and injury, to sexual abuse (both of
210 II, 9. 2. 6| Intentional harm and injury to children~The improvement
211 II, 9. 2. 7| for Europe: Violence and Injury Prevention Available at:~www ~ ~
212 II, 9. 3. 1| cardiovascular diseases, cancer and injury and poisoning (Table 9.3.
213 II, 9. 4. 3| and institutionalisation. Injury to older people can be prevented
214 II, 9. 4. 3| programmes promoting safety, injury prevention and actions against
215 III, 10. 2. 1| Disease framework for disease, injury and risk factor quantification:
216 III, 10. 2. 1| intentional and unintentional injury as primary causes of death
217 III, 10. 2. 1| assault, violence related injury, homicide, family violence,
218 III, 10. 2. 5| development can cause brain injury at doses much lower than
219 III, 10. 3. 2| development can cause brain injury at doses much lower than
220 III, 10. 4. 4| safety to become involved in injury protection is obvious.~ ~
221 III, 10. 4. 4| essential to have an effective injury monitoring and reporting
222 III, 10. 4. 4| identify the nature of the injury and that of the product
223 III, 10. 4. 4| the circumstances of the injury. The EU Injury Data Base (
224 III, 10. 4. 4| circumstances of the injury. The EU Injury Data Base (IDB) identifies
225 III, 10. 5. 1| summary 2002 – 2004. AEU Injury Database (IDB) Available
226 III, 10. 5. 1| European Communities~IDB~Injury Database~ISARE~Indicateurs
227 III, 10. 5. 3| Occupational Disease and Injury Compensation Schemes. [on-line
228 III, 10. 6. 2| many types of cancers, and injury.~ ~ ~The final report of
229 III, 10. 6. 3| under-addressed. Yet unlike a physical injury, this sort of violence may
230 IV, 11. 2. 1| and providing treatment of injury). There seems to be a greater
231 IV, 11. 4 | tomography in mild head injury~· Pharmaceuticals and biological
232 IV, 12. 1 | information about these diseases.~Injury prevention~The aim was to
233 IV, 12. 2 | assault, violence related injury, homicide, family violence,
234 IV, 12. 10 | work-related ill-health~ ~Strain injury index~ ~Accumulated strain ~ ~
235 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| inhalation~injecting~injuries~injury~in-patient~in-patients~insecticide~
