Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 2 | limitations on the relevant surveillance data. Of particular concern
2 I, 2. 10. 1 | Public Health services, surveillance, the education of the professions
3 I, 2. 10. 1 | the existing concepts of surveillance and health statistics. So
4 I, 2. 10. 1 | Current health statistics and surveillance systems do not cover underlying
5 I, 2. 10. 1 | prevalence of diseases if the surveillance is purely based on phenotypic
6 II, 5. 2.Acr | Cardiovascular Indicators Surveillance Set~EUROSTAT~Statistical
7 II, 5. 2. 2 | Cardiovascular Indicators Surveillance Set - (h p, 2007) IHD data
8 II, 5. 2. 2 | rates derived from 10-year surveillance (from mid 1980s to mid 90s).
9 II, 5. 2. 2 | Cardiovascular Indicators Surveillance Set - (h p, 2007) EUROSTAT
10 II, 5. 2. 2 | from the last 3 years of surveillance. Annual change in stroke
11 II, 5. 2. 3 | attack rates of 10-year surveillance for coronary events and
12 II, 5. 2. 3 | rates of the last 3 years of surveillance for stroke events and 28-
13 II, 5. 2. 3 | 3 years of the 10- year surveillance in men and women aged 35-
14 II, 5. 3. 2 | up a Europe-wide cancer surveillance system to describe differences,
15 II, 5. 3. 7 | knowledge from research, surveillance, and outcome monitoring,
16 II, 5. 4.Acr | Structure~SPSN~Sentinel Practice Surveillance Network~T1DM~Type 1 diabetes
17 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.5. Sentinel Surveillance Network~ ~Another possibility
18 II, 5. 4. 2 | through the Sentinel Practice Surveillance Network (SPSN). In several
19 II, 5. 4. 2 | based sentinel practice surveillance networks have been established,
20 II, 5. 4. 2 | and implementation of a surveillance system on diabetes and its
21 II, 5. 4. 2 | SPSN: Sentinel Practice Surveillance network; HDR: Hospital Discharge
22 II, 5. 4. 2 | from the lack of uniform surveillance in the EU, emphasize the
23 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.1. Surveillance~The development of reliable,
24 II, 5. 4. 6 | in order to ensure close surveillance of the epidemiology of this
25 II, 5. 4. 6 | progressive development of a surveillance system at continental level.
26 II, 5. 4. 6 | outputs for monitoring, surveillance and reporting of diabetes
27 II, 5. 4. 7 | directly expand or improve surveillance at local level. As a matter
28 II, 5. 5. 3 | The European Network of Surveillance on Risk Factors for Autism
29 II, 5. 5. 3 | ENSACP~European Network of Surveillance on Risk Factors for Autism
30 II, 5. 5. 3 | J 13:66-71.~Buehler JW. Surveillance (1998): In: Rothman KJ,
31 II, 5. 11. 3 | socio-economic impact. The European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (
32 II, 5. 11. 3 | Writing Group. The European Surveillance System of Contact Allergies (
33 II, 5. 12. 2 | Joinpoint” software from the Surveillance Research Program of the
34 II, 5. 14. 2 | sample registration systems, surveillance systems, national survey
35 II, 5. 14. 2 | information’s systems for surveillance of chronic disease and risk
36 II, 5. 14. 2 | established for children whereas surveillance of the oral health of the
37 II, 5. 14. 2 | elderly. The tradition of surveillance is less developed in southern
38 II, 5. 14. 2 | address this deficiency. Surveillance of periodontal diseases
39 II, 5. 14. 3 | tissue damage antecedents. Surveillance of oral disadvantage due
40 II, 5. 14. 5 | indicators in any health surveillance system so that trends and
41 II, 5. 14. 5 | Programme in the area of health surveillance. The European Commission
42 II, 5. 14. 5 | and international health surveillance systems has resulted in
43 II, 5. 14. 5 | charge of epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of care programmes.
44 II, 5. 14. 5 | indicators for a European surveillance system and to make recommendations
45 II, 5. 14. 5 | sensory or mental impairments. Surveillance to evaluate best practices
46 II, 5. 14. 6 | policies, ensure information surveillance and knowledge transfer across
47 II, 5. 14. 6 | inequalities in health. However, surveillance programmes are somewhat
48 II, 5. 14. 7 | desires and expectations. A surveillance system based on a sociodental
49 II, 5. 14. 8 | Bourgeois DM, Baehni PC. Surveillance, epidemiology and periodontal
50 II, 5. 14. 8 | Llodra JC (2004): eds. Health Surveillance in Europe. European Global
51 II, 5. 14. 8 | The Challenge. In: Health Surveillance in Europe. European Global
52 II, 6.Acr | Haemorrhagic Fever~DSNs~Dedicated Surveillance Networks~ECDC~European Centre
53 II, 6. 1 | communicable diseases under EU-wide surveillance as well as the results and
54 II, 6. 2 | including EU-funded dedicated surveillance networks (DSNs), and relevant
55 II, 6. 2 | important lesson to draw is that surveillance of communicable diseases
56 II, 6. 3. 1 | being ‘polio free’. However, surveillance and prevention would remain
57 II, 6. 3. 1 | for the 49 diseases under surveillance (Table 6.1). Of the 49 diseases,
58 II, 6. 3. 1 | part be due to improved surveillance. In 22 diseases the age
59 II, 6. 3. 1 | control are managed and in the surveillance systems (with a consequential
60 II, 6. 3. 1 | rely on data from routine surveillance in the Member States. In
61 II, 6. 3. 1 | original function of national surveillance systems was the detection
62 II, 6. 3. 1 | Furthermore, most routine surveillance systems are built on the
63 II, 6. 3. 1 | of diseases under EU-wide surveillance, this ‘classical’ view does
64 II, 6. 3. 1 | to a ‘laboratory-based’ surveillance has important implications.
65 II, 6. 3. 1 | urgency to effective disease surveillance, prevention and control:
66 II, 6. 3. 2 | bacteria and virus under EU surveillance the overall trend is also
67 II, 6. 3. 2 | currently collected via several surveillance networks, whilst coverage
68 II, 6. 3. 2 | other bacteria under EU surveillance, such as the intestinal
69 II, 6. 3. 2 | participation of countries in surveillance of drug resistance is needed
70 II, 6. 3. 2 | Control tools include surveillance, and other specific measures
71 II, 6. 3. 2 | for primary prevention.~ ~Surveillance~ ~AMR is a phenomenon that
72 II, 6. 3. 2 | the demands on effective surveillance systems are immense. The
73 II, 6. 3. 2 | immense. The current EU surveillance networks are focused on
74 II, 6. 3. 2 | within countries. Ideally, surveillance of AMR should work on three
75 II, 6. 3. 2 | EU-level (and national) surveillance only covers the first of
76 II, 6. 3. 2 | levels. Further developing surveillance of AMR is therefore a priority.~ ~
77 II, 6. 3. 2 | programme that includes surveillance. National or regional surveillance
78 II, 6. 3. 2 | surveillance. National or regional surveillance is mostly performed in the
79 II, 6. 3. 2 | performed in the context of a surveillance network of hospitals, whereby
80 II, 6. 3. 2 | and microbiologists, HCAI surveillance is labour-intensive and
81 II, 6. 3. 2 | still do not have a national surveillance network for nosocomial infections,
82 II, 6. 3. 2 | control programmes with surveillance.~ ~
83 II, 6. 3. 3 | Europe. Even though available surveillance data have to be interpreted
84 II, 6. 3. 3 | cause for concern. AIDS surveillance is therefore no longer relevant
85 II, 6. 3. 3 | epidemic in Europe.~ ~ ~Surveillance data on HIV/AIDS are collected
86 II, 6. 3. 3 | collected by the EuroHIV surveillance network in the 53 countries
87 II, 6. 3. 3 | 000). However, different surveillance systems operate in these
88 II, 6. 3. 3 | increase may possibly be a surveillance artefact. In 2005, more
89 II, 6. 3. 3 | the list of diseases under surveillance at national level, the currently
90 II, 6. 3. 4 | there is a need to improve surveillance on risk groups and drug
91 II, 6. 3. 4 | results with epidemiological surveillance data. The overall decline
92 II, 6. 3. 4 | reported to the EWGLINET surveillance scheme by 15 Member States,
93 II, 6. 3. 5 | of the diseases for which surveillance figures are most reliable:
94 II, 6. 3. 5 | there is a need for enhanced surveillance both of the occurrence of
95 II, 6. 3. 6 | prevent and control. Effective surveillance of this group of diseases
96 II, 6. 3. 6 | several of these diseases surveillance has improved considerably
97 II, 6. 3. 6 | should be included in the surveillance. The available vaccine for
98 II, 6. 3. 6 | even the best national surveillance systems miss the majority
99 II, 6. 3. 6 | symptoms of gastroenteritis. Surveillance of these diseases remains
100 II, 6. 3. 6 | the future. An enhanced surveillance for all food-borne diseases (
101 II, 6. 3. 6 | diseases currently under surveillance needs to be reviewed with
102 II, 6. 3. 6 | could be due to improved surveillance systems (particularly in
103 II, 6. 3. 6 | large differences between surveillance systems make comparisons
104 II, 6. 3. 6 | due to differences in the surveillance systems.~ ~Echinococcosis~ ~
105 II, 6. 3. 7 | certain animal reservoirs. Surveillance has not been established
106 II, 6. 3. 7 | tailored monitoring, establish surveillance of outbreaks, monitor risk
107 II, 6. 3. 7 | only tularaemia is under EU surveillance. This is a disease mainly
108 II, 6. 3. 7 | imported. The main reason for surveillance of malaria is not to discover
109 II, 6. 3. 7 | health. More systematic surveillance data are needed in order
110 II, 6. 3. 7 | premises. European-level surveillance data are incomplete, but
111 II, 6. 3. 7 | cases in Europe, malaria surveillance is focused on travellers’
112 II, 6. 4. 1 | 6.4.1. Surveillance~ ~Commission Decision 2000/
113 II, 6. 4. 1 | progressively under EU-wide surveillance and the criteria for their
114 II, 6. 4. 1 | facilitated by well-functioning surveillance systems. Surveillance systems
115 II, 6. 4. 1 | well-functioning surveillance systems. Surveillance systems provide information
116 II, 6. 4. 1 | for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable
117 II, 6. 4. 1 | through epidemiological surveillance and investigation.~ ~
118 II, 6. 4. 3 | coordination of responses;~· surveillance and networking;~· reference
119 II, 6. 4. 3 | health (European Influenza Surveillance Scheme) and research projects
120 II, 6. 4. 4 | ECDC~ ~The activities on surveillance, scientific advice and risk
121 II, 6. 4. 4 | transmitting information under the surveillance schemes and networks that
122 II, 6. 4. 4 | develop continent-wide disease surveillance and early warning systems.
123 II, 6. 4. 4 | for the Epidemiological Surveillance and Control. The ECDC assists
124 II, 6. 4. 5 | but also through:~ ~· food surveillance with the aim of monitoring
125 II, 6. 4. 5 | European network for the surveillance of the occurrence of resistant
126 II, 6. 4. 5 | agents in all sectors. These surveillance systems must co-operate
127 II, 6. 4. 5 | Network on epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable
128 II, 7. 1 | actions to enhance injury surveillance, injury prevention and safety
129 II, 7. 2 | collectively called injury surveillance systems. Several data sources
130 II, 7. 3. 1 | important setting for injury surveillance.~ ~Table 7.1. Comprehensive
131 II, 7. 3. 4 | time of injury~ ~Injury surveillance in the home and leisure
132 II, 7. 3. 4 | prevention-oriented „all injury“ surveillance system such as the EU Injury
133 II, 7. 3. 4 | specially designed injury surveillance systems is widely advocated
134 II, 7. 3. 5 | result in serious injuries – surveillance systems for reporting and
135 II, 7. 4 | indicators.~(See: htt ~ ~Injury surveillance systems in the different
136 II, 7. 5 | ii) to develop injury surveillance instruments; (iii) to strengthen
137 II, 7. 5 | Implement appropriate injury surveillance and reporting systems as
138 II, 7. 5 | develop representative injury surveillance instruments to obtain EU-wide
139 II, 7. 5 | specific actions regarding surveillance, national action plans,
140 II, 7. 5 | For what concerns injury surveillance, the following guideline
141 II, 7. 5 | to be mentioned: “Injury Surveillance Guidelines” which discusses
142 II, 7. 5 | hospitalizations (discharge registers), surveillance of external causes like
143 II, 7. 6 | for: establishing injury surveillance and information; formulating
144 II, 7. 7 | E (Eds.) (2001): Injury Surveillance guidelines. Geneva, World
145 II, 7. 7 | Organization (WHO) (2001): Injury surveillance guidelines. Geneva, World
146 II, 9 | Pharmacovigilance or postmarketing surveillance of drugs taken during pregnancy
147 II, 9. 1. 1 | surveys and registers, SCPE (Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe),
148 II, 9. 1. 1 | and future priorities for surveillance~ ~While greatly reduced,
149 II, 9. 1. 1 | childbearing remain a priority for surveillance in Europe, there are compelling
150 II, 9. 1. 1 | of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. Jama 2000;284(7):
151 II, 9. 1. 1 | of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. Jama 284(7):843-
152 II, 9. 1. 1 | Schlaeder G (1997) : La surveillance prenatale de routine en
153 II, 9. 1. 1 | 2006;195(3):764-70.~SCPE (Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe) (
154 II, 9. 1. 1 | Palsy in Europe) (2000): Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe:
155 II, 9. 1. 1 | Ischemic Encephalopathy~SCPE~Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe~
156 II, 9. 1. 2 | focus of epidemiological surveillance through congenital anomaly
157 II, 9. 1. 2 | sources~ ~EUROCAT (European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies)
158 II, 9. 1. 2 | Clearinghouse for Birth Defect Surveillance and Research (www ). Many
159 II, 9. 1. 2 | Pharmacovigilance or postmarketing surveillance of drugs taken during pregnancy
160 II, 9. 1. 2 | Linzalone N, Madeddu A (2004): Surveillance of congenital malformations
161 II, 9. 1. 2 | Towards the Effective Surveillance of Hypospadias", Environmental
162 II, 9. 1. 2 | 2002a): “EUROCAT Report 8: Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies
163 II, 9. 3. 1 | countries routinely collect surveillance data on infection with genital
164 II, 9. 3. 1 | EuroHIV (2006) : HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. Mid-year report
165 II, 9. 3. 2 | induced abortions, antenatal surveillance program data), a pregnancy
166 II, 9. 3. 2 | deaths. A priority for the surveillance of the health of pregnant
167 II, 9. 3. 2 | of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. Jama 2000;284(7):
168 II, 9. 3. 2 | Schlaeder G (1997) : La surveillance prenatale de routine en
169 II, 9. 3. 2 | 1986;46(4):545-66.~ ~SCPE (Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe) (
170 II, 9. 3. 2 | Palsy in Europe) (2000): Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe:
171 II, 9. 4. 3 | reserve of infection, as surveillance and epidemiological studies
172 II, 9. 4. 7 | G. (2007): Tuberculosis surveillance in aged people: a neglected
173 III, 10. 2. 1(10)| Drugs-related infections. HIV surveillance among IDUs in Europe consists
174 III, 10. 2. 1(10)| countries have varying levels of surveillance implementation and investment.
175 III, 10. 2. 1(10)| monitored through seroprevalence surveillance and through notification
176 III, 10. 2. 1(11)| EuroHIV. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. End-year report
177 III, 10. 2. 1 | will be the epidemiological surveillance of the misuse of prescribed
178 III, 10. 2. 1 | EURO-HIV (2005) HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. Available at: htt ~ ~
179 III, 10. 2. 1 | sample registration systems, surveillance systems, national survey
180 III, 10. 2. 1 | Bourgeois DM, Baehni PC (2003): Surveillance, epidemiology and periodontal
181 III, 10. 2. 1 | Llodra JC, eds. Health Surveillance in Europe. European Global
182 III, 10. 2. 1 | Norblad A (2005): Health surveillance in Europe. A selection of
183 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2.1.6.2. Data sources~ ~Surveillance of physical activity can
184 III, 10. 2. 1 | fact that physical activity surveillance is still a young field,
185 III, 10. 2. 1 | WHO, 2006c): Based on the Surveillance of Risk Factors (SuRF) programme,
186 III, 10. 2. 1 | measurable goals and indicators. Surveillance of levels of physical activity
187 III, 10. 2. 1 | Global Physical activity Surveillance [web site]. World Health
188 III, 10. 2. 1 | are central in nutritional surveillance; when they are repeated
189 III, 10. 2. 1 | nutrition and physical activity surveillance system for the EU27 as one
190 III, 10. 2. 1 | European childhood obesity surveillance initiative aimed at measuring
191 III, 10. 2. 1 | national and international surveillance systems on nutritional status,
192 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003): National nutritional surveillance programme, 1993-2002. Bucharest, "
193 III, 10. 2. 4 | the existing concepts of surveillance and health statistics. As
194 III, 10. 2. 4 | Current health statistics and surveillance systems do not cover underlying
195 III, 10. 2. 4 | prevalence of diseases if the surveillance is purely based on phenotypic
196 III, 10. 2. 4 | tools of monitoring and surveillance do not reflect the needs
197 III, 10. 2. 4 | not have monitoring and surveillance systems at present which
198 III, 10. 2. 4 | indicators, health statistics and surveillance, the upcoming genomic knowledge
199 III, 10. 2. 4 | setting up new biobanking and surveillance projects which are designed
200 III, 10. 3. 2 | from environmental health surveillance and epidemiology, the causal
201 III, 10. 3. 2 | associated risks. Environmental surveillance and epidemiology have to
202 III, 10. 3. 3 | Of the 49 diseases under surveillance by the European Centre for
203 III, 10. 3. 3 | part be due to improved surveillance represents a great concern.
204 III, 10. 3. 3 | participating in the EU-funded EARSS surveillance program, including countries
205 III, 10. 3. 3 | other bacteria under EU surveillance the overall trend is also
206 III, 10. 3. 4 | control, epidemiological surveillance and basic health care, chemical
207 III, 10. 3. 4 | A communicable disease surveillance system was in place and
208 III, 10. 3. 4 | measures such as disease surveillance, water analysis and treatment,
209 III, 10. 3. 4 | impact was ‘unforeseen’, surveillance for heat wave deaths was
210 III, 10. 3. 4 | health and environmental surveillance, re-evaluation of care for
211 III, 10. 4. 2 | across Member States. Such surveillance is often targeted to problem
212 III, 10. 4. 2(33)| for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable
213 III, 10. 4. 2 | years later when active surveillance proved the presence of BSE
214 III, 10. 4. 2 | pesticides were sought in the surveillance samples of fruit and vegetables.
215 III, 10. 4. 2 | generally have a nationwide surveillance programme to monitor pesticide
216 III, 10. 4. 2 | bread and milk), the annual surveillance programme includes a rolling
217 III, 10. 4. 2 | is the lowest level that surveillance laboratories can achieve
218 III, 10. 4. 2 | residue data. In the mid-90s surveillance methods used gas liquid
219 III, 10. 4. 2 | the analytical results of surveillance laboratories over the last
220 III, 10. 4. 2 | risk, food and feed safety surveillance and other monitoring activities
221 III, 10. 4. 2 | purpose, including routine surveillance checks and more intensive
222 III, 10. 4. 3 | reflect the efficiency of surveillance and reporting systems rather
223 III, 10. 4. 5 | to adopt epidemiological surveillance programs in areas impacted
224 III, 10. 4. 5 | in which epidemiological surveillance appears to be appropriate,
225 III, 10. 6. 3 | result in serious injuries – surveillance systems for reporting and
226 IV, 12. 5 | this respect have been the surveillance of infectious diseases which
227 IV, 12. 5 | of national public health surveillance for a long time.~ ~Typically
228 IV, 12. 5 | diseases not under mandatory surveillance)~- Active Surveillance Measures(
229 IV, 12. 5 | mandatory surveillance)~- Active Surveillance Measures(e. g. Notifiable
230 IV, 12. 8 | for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable
231 IV, 12. 10 | closely controlled: its surveillance is part of the responsibilities
232 IV, 12. 10 | charge of epidemiological surveillance and especially the European
233 IV, 12. 10 | Institute for public Health Surveillance and at regional level theses
234 IV, 12. 10 | transpose.~ - Development of surveillance system of swimming-pools
235 IV, 12. 10 | waters;~- Development of surveillance system of drinking water.~ ~
