Part, Chapter, Paragraph
4501 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Union. Copenhagen, World Health Organization on behalf of
4502 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.~ ~
4503 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.~ ~
4504 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.~ ~
4505 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Musgrove P (2003): "Judging health systems: reflections on
4506 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Assessment of the World Health Report 2000." Lancet 356:
4507 IV, 11. 6. 5 | et al. (2002): Measuring health system performance: problems
4508 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Measuring up: improving health system performance in OECD
4509 IV, 11. 6. 5 | E, McKee M (2005): Does Health Care Save Lives? Avoidable
4510 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2004): "Equity of access to health care: outlining the foundation
4511 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Epidemiology and Community Health 58(8): 655-8.~ ~Øvretveit
4512 IV, 11. 6. 5 | indicator comparison in health care." International Journal
4513 IV, 11. 6. 5 | International Journal Health Planning Management 16:
4514 IV, 11. 6. 5 | What is 'best practice' in health care? State of the art and
4515 IV, 11. 6. 5 | efficiency of the European health care systems." Health Policy
4516 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European health care systems." Health Policy 56(3): 235-50.~ ~
4517 IV, 11. 6. 5 | increasingly serious public health problem." Annual Review
4518 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Annual Review of Public Health 23: 135-50.~ ~ ~Preker AS,
4519 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Jakab M et al. (2002): Health financing reforms in central
4520 IV, 11. 6. 5 | former Soviet Union. Funding health care: options for Europe.
4521 IV, 11. 6. 5 | efficiency in the use of health care resources: a comparison
4522 IV, 11. 6. 5 | comparison of OECD countries." Health Policy 69(1): 55-72.~ ~Rice
4523 IV, 11. 6. 5 | funding decisions. Funding health care: options for Europe.
4524 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Technology Assessment in Health Care 16(4): 1061-76.~ ~Rizzo
4525 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Physician Organizations." Health Services Research 39(5):
4526 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Europe. Purchasing to improve health systems performance. J.
4527 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.~ ~
4528 IV, 11. 6. 5 | quality improvement. ." Health Affairs 23(2): 127-41.~ ~
4529 IV, 11. 6. 5 | for paying for quality in health care?" Medical Care Research
4530 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Saltman RB (2004): Social health insurance in perspective:
4531 IV, 11. 6. 5 | sustaining stability. Social health insurance systems in Western
4532 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Figueras. Copenhagen, World Health Organization on behalf of
4533 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.~ ~
4534 IV, 11. 6. 5 | nine European countries." Health Care Management Science
4535 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2005): "Defining the "Health Benefit Basket" in nine
4536 IV, 11. 6. 5 | from the European Union Health BASKET Project." European
4537 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Project." European Journal of Health Economics 6(S1): 2-10.~ ~
4538 IV, 11. 6. 5 | measured and monitored? Health Evidence Network synthesis
4539 IV, 11. 6. 5 | national quality policies in health systems. Copenhagen World
4540 IV, 11. 6. 5 | systems. Copenhagen World Health Organization, Regional Office
4541 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Measuring Up: Improving health system performance in OECD
4542 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Development.~ ~Smith P (2004): "Health care reforms in Europe and
4543 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Ensuring value for money in health care: The role of HTA in
4544 IV, 11. 6. 5 | improvement scheme?" Journal of Health Services Research and Policy
4545 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Specialist Supply On Populations’ Health: Assessing The Evidence."
4546 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Assessing The Evidence." Health Affairs Jan-Jun(Suppl Web
4547 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Canada (2004): Understanding health care cost drivers and escalators.
4548 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2003): Cost sharing for health services in the European
4549 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Mossialos E et al. (2004): Health and health systems in the
4550 IV, 11. 6. 5 | et al. (2004): Health and health systems in the new member
4551 IV, 11. 6. 5 | five European countries." Health Policy 65: 75-98.~ ~van
4552 IV, 11. 6. 5 | utilisation in Europe." Health Economics 13(7): 629-647.~ ~
4553 IV, 11. 6. 5 | redistributive effect of health care finance in twelve OECD
4554 IV, 11. 6. 5 | OECD countries." Journal of Health Economics 18(3): 291-314.~ ~
4555 IV, 11. 6. 5 | financial contribution index." Health Economics 11: 103-115.~ ~
4556 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Finance and Delivery of Health Care: An international perspective.
4557 IV, 11. 6. 5 | explicit criteria.” Quality in Health Care 5:159-65.~ ~Wilson
4558 IV, 11. 6. 5 | The quality in Australian health care study." Medical Journal
4559 IV, 11. 6. 5 | of pharmaceuticals." GMS Health Technology Assessment 1(
4560 IV, 11. 6. 5 | L. (1997). Understanding Health Care Outcomes Research.
4561 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Epidemiology for District Health Management, WHO 1989~ ~
4562 IV, 12.Acr | trade Association~EPSCO~Health and Consumer Affairs Council~
4563 IV, 12.Acr | Fund~EUPHIN~European Public Health Information Network~FCTC~
4564 IV, 12.Acr | Revision of the International Health Regulations~OECD~Organisation
4565 IV, 12.Acr | Structural Funds~WHO~World Health Organisation~ ~ ~ ~
4566 IV, 12. 1 | the growing challenges to health. The European integration
4567 IV, 12. 1 | effective right of redress.~ ~Health protection is a traditional
4568 IV, 12. 1 | order or to protect the health of their citizens. For more
4569 IV, 12. 1 | more than 40 years, public health was not formally part of
4570 IV, 12. 1 | in a few areas, such as health and safety at work, or the
4571 IV, 12. 1 | of the qualifications of health professionals. Nevertheless,
4572 IV, 12. 1 | willingness of the single market health Ministers to cooperate and
4573 IV, 12. 1 | 12.1). Even today, public health remains mainly a Member
4574 IV, 12. 1 | competence.~ ~Table 12.1. Health – related precursor programmes
4575 IV, 12. 1 | the general standard of health by improving knowledge about
4576 IV, 12. 1 | lifestyles and behaviours.~Health monitoring~The aim was to
4577 IV, 12. 1 | comparable information on health and health-related of the
4578 IV, 12. 1 | population, on diseases and health systems based on European-wide
4579 IV, 12. 1 | to contribute to public health activities which seek to
4580 IV, 12. 1 | strategies in the field of health and the environment, focusing
4581 IV, 12. 1 | knowledge and understanding of health risks associated with them. ~
4582 IV, 12. 1 | programmes.~ ~ ~ ~Public health is a relatively new-comer
4583 IV, 12. 1 | their actions” in public health. This legal competence was
4584 IV, 12. 1 | States to improve public health, prevent illness and “obviate
4585 IV, 12. 1 | sources of danger to human health” (Article 152(1)) (Table
4586 IV, 12. 1 | extended the scope of public health related policy, it maintained
4587 IV, 12. 1 | subsidiarity principle” for health which provides that harmonisation
4588 IV, 12. 1 | of Member States “Public Health legislation is prohibited
4589 IV, 12. 1 | and delivery of their own health services and medical care (
4590 IV, 12. 1 | Even when a “public health competence “was first established
4591 IV, 12. 1 | Maastricht Treaty, protecting health was listed as one of many “
4592 IV, 12. 1 | attainment of a high level of health protection” (art.3p) in
4593 IV, 12. 1 | persisting fragmentation of health issues in several sections
4594 IV, 12. 1 | that specifically concerns health is not surprising (Table
4595 IV, 12. 1 | Treaty Articles concerning health~ ~Art. 43-48: right of establishment,
4596 IV, 12. 1 | others, physicians and other health professionals;~ ~Art. 49
4597 IV, 12. 1 | 6) and (8) concerning health in relation to the internal
4598 IV, 12. 1 | commercial policy, stating that health services~“…shall fall within
4599 IV, 12. 1 | environment to protect workers’ health and~safety”~ ~Art. 149 (
4600 IV, 12. 1 | teacher training, including health field exchanges)~ ~Art.
4601 IV, 12. 1 | 1. A high level of human health protection shall be ensured
4602 IV, 12. 1 | towards improving public health, preventing human illness
4603 IV, 12. 1 | sources of danger to human health. Such action shall cover
4604 IV, 12. 1 | fight against the major health scourges, by promoting research
4605 IV, 12. 1 | their prevention, as well as health information and education.~
4606 IV, 12. 1 | in reducing drugs-related health damage, including information
4607 IV, 12. 1 | in the sphere of public health.~4. The Council, acting
4608 IV, 12. 1 | the protection of public health;~(c) incentive measures
4609 IV, 12. 1 | protect and improve human health, excluding any harmonisation
4610 IV, 12. 1 | action in the field of public health shall fully respect the
4611 IV, 12. 1 | organisation and delivery of health services and medical care.
4612 IV, 12. 1 | contribute to protecting the health, safety and economic interests
4613 IV, 12. 1 | among others, also support health projects);~ ~Art. 163 concerning
4614 IV, 12. 1 | protecting human health”.~ ~Art. 177 on development
4615 IV, 12. 1 | issues).~ ~ ~The value of health has become more prominent
4616 IV, 12. 1 | of other EU policies on health, health service and health
4617 IV, 12. 1 | other EU policies on health, health service and health systems.~ ~
4618 IV, 12. 1 | health, health service and health systems.~ ~Directorate~General~ ~
4619 IV, 12. 1 | legislation~Potential impact~on health~Employment and social affairs~ ~
4620 IV, 12. 1 | E112 etc, co-ordinating of health services received E112 etc)
4621 IV, 12. 1 | Providing for the payment health service received in another
4622 IV, 12. 1 | depending on the nature of the health service obtained~Employment
4623 IV, 12. 1 | the European electronic health record.~Research & ~Technological
4624 IV, 12. 1 | European Environment~and Health Action Plan 2004-2010~ ~
4625 IV, 12. 1 | 2010~ ~Reduce the adverse health impacts of certain environmental
4626 IV, 12. 1 | Important aspects of health protection have been incorporated
4627 IV, 12. 1 | movement of industrial goods (health products, tobacco) or to
4628 IV, 12. 1 | safety, animal and plant health). In some cases, legislative
4629 IV, 12. 1 | pharmaceuticals and other health products, with many difficult
4630 IV, 12. 1 | Commission and National Health Ministries has greatly improved.
4631 IV, 12. 1 | additional informal meetings of Health Ministers. This allows the
4632 IV, 12. 1 | and better synchronise new health initiatives at European
4633 IV, 12. 1 | national level.~ ~The public health “acquis” – albeit limited –
4634 IV, 12. 1 | strengthening the public health powers in the Treaty. These
4635 IV, 12. 1 | any discussion on extended health competences in a foreseeable
4636 IV, 12. 2 | The European strategy for health~ ~This Report has highlighted
4637 IV, 12. 2 | highlighted a number of health determinants and their impacts
4638 IV, 12. 2 | determinants and their impacts on health. Over the last 7 years,
4639 IV, 12. 2 | last 7 years, EU public health activities, also aimed at
4640 IV, 12. 2 | controlling their impacts on health, have significantly expanded.
4641 IV, 12. 2 | first communication on the health strategy of the European
4642 IV, 12. 2 | supported by the European Public Health Programme.~ ~Following a
4643 IV, 12. 2 | launched in December 2006 on “Health in Europe: A Strategic Approach-Discussion
4644 IV, 12. 2 | Approach-Discussion Document for a Health Strategy”, on 23 October
4645 IV, 12. 2 | Commission adopted a new Health Strategy, “Together for
4646 IV, 12. 2 | Strategy, “Together for Health: A Strategic Approach for
4647 IV, 12. 2 | spanning over core issues in health as well as health in all
4648 IV, 12. 2 | issues in health as well as health in all policies (see also
4649 IV, 12. 2 | Chapter 11.5) and global health issues. The target of this
4650 IV, 12. 2 | to guide future work on health at European level, and to
4651 IV, 12. 2 | strategic themes for improving health in the EU. The principles
4652 IV, 12. 2 | recognising the links between health and economic prosperity,
4653 IV, 12. 2 | prosperity, integrating health in all policies and strengthening
4654 IV, 12. 2 | the EU’s voice in global health. The strategic themes include
4655 IV, 12. 2 | themes include Fostering Good Health in an Ageing Europe, Protecting
4656 IV, 12. 2 | Protecting Citizens from Health Threats, and Dynamic Health
4657 IV, 12. 2 | Health Threats, and Dynamic Health Systems and New Technologies.~ ~
4658 IV, 12. 2 | protect and improve the health of European citizens. Building
4659 IV, 12. 2 | diet, physical activity and health, the European Alcohol and
4660 IV, 12. 2 | the European Alcohol and Health Forum, the e-Health stakeholders'
4661 IV, 12. 2 | stakeholders' group and the Health Policy Forum, the European
4662 IV, 12. 2 | in accordance with the “Health in All Policies” principle (
4663 IV, 12. 2 | physical activity, safety and health at work, emerging technologies,
4664 IV, 12. 2 | technologies, alcohol and mental health.~ ~Regular overviews and
4665 IV, 12. 2 | overviews and reports on health issues in the EU and of
4666 IV, 12. 2 | with a specific disease or health determinant includes a section
4667 IV, 12. 2 | promoting cardiovascular health in the Health Council conclusions.~ ~
4668 IV, 12. 2 | cardiovascular health in the Health Council conclusions.~ ~The
4669 IV, 12. 2 | promoting cardiovascular health, emphasize the importance
4670 IV, 12. 2 | of National Ministries of Health, European and National representatives
4671 IV, 12. 2 | The purpose to protect health and improve the quality
4672 IV, 12. 2 | prospects of the integration oh health in all policies expressed
4673 IV, 12. 2 | Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council
4674 IV, 12. 2 | European Commission, the World Health Organization (WHO-Europe),
4675 IV, 12. 2 | Cardiology, the European Heart Health Charter was developed.~ ~
4676 IV, 12. 2 | developed.~ ~The European Heart Health Charter has been officially
4677 IV, 12. 2 | out in the European Heart Health Charter and its working
4678 IV, 12. 2 | help reduce inequalities in health and in accessing healthcare.
4679 IV, 12. 2 | palliative care. The Parliament’s health committee has recently called
4680 IV, 12. 2 | or overall investment in health care. There is increasing
4681 IV, 12. 2 | treatment and investment in health care. For this reason it
4682 IV, 12. 2 | risk factors (also know as health determinants) mainly associated
4683 IV, 12. 2 | organize and deliver public health programmes that are designed
4684 IV, 12. 2 | at all levels within the health system. Cancer control plans (
4685 IV, 12. 2 | playing a key role in public health. Yet in several EU Member
4686 IV, 12. 2 | take account of the public health impact. Such constraints
4687 IV, 12. 2 | and has become a public health issue. We can curtail the “
4688 IV, 12. 2 | inequalities in life expectancy, health status and access to high-quality
4689 IV, 12. 2 | and access to high-quality health services for people living
4690 IV, 12. 2 | international level:~- the EU Health Council in 2004, under the
4691 IV, 12. 2 | were adopted by the formal Health Council in June 2006 in
4692 IV, 12. 2 | Europe’s most critical public health issues, diabetes. ~- the
4693 IV, 12. 2 | recognised its global threat to health worldwide in December 2006. (
4694 IV, 12. 2 | tools as applied to selected health determinants~ ~1. Tobacco~ ~
4695 IV, 12. 2 | the addictive nature and health hazards of tobacco use~Curbing
4696 IV, 12. 2 | use is a longstanding EU health priority. The EU has been
4697 IV, 12. 2 | part of the Environment and Health Action Plan, through which
4698 IV, 12. 2 | respectively with public health and internal market issues.
4699 IV, 12. 2 | and~· minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace.~
4700 IV, 12. 2 | is the first-ever global health treaty providing a comprehensive
4701 IV, 12. 2 | generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and
4702 IV, 12. 2 | products, requiring large health warning labels and prohibiting
4703 IV, 12. 2 | cessation services in national health programmes, and~promoting
4704 IV, 12. 2 | international social and health problems falls within the
4705 IV, 12. 2 | aimed at minimizing the health and social harms that result
4706 IV, 12. 2 | In the context of public health the central purpose of alcohol
4707 IV, 12. 2 | the interests of public health and social well-being through
4708 IV, 12. 2 | through their impact on health and social determinants,
4709 IV, 12. 2 | drinking environment, and the health services available to treat
4710 IV, 12. 2 | aim of protecting public health; and they do not go beyond
4711 IV, 12. 2 | programs were widely adopted in health care systems, the population
4712 IV, 12. 2 | European alcohol and health forum, 2007~http ~ ~Projects
4713 IV, 12. 2 | funded under the Public Health Programme 2003-2008~· PHEPA:
4714 IV, 12. 2 | 2003-2008~· PHEPA: Primary Health Care European Project~http
4715 IV, 12. 3 | million employees;~· public health including European cooperation
4716 IV, 12. 3 | European cooperation of health systems and patient rights
4717 IV, 12. 3 | patient rights in cross-border health care. A draft directive
4718 IV, 12. 3 | s rights in cross-border health care was adopted on 2 July
4719 IV, 12. 4 | Co-ordination mechanisms for EU health activities~ ~There are several
4720 IV, 12. 4 | activities~ ~There are several health links with European Commission
4721 IV, 12. 4 | Table 12.6).~ ~Table 12.6. Health across the European Commission~ ~
4722 IV, 12. 4 | Directorate General~Key Health Links~AGRI~ ~Nutritional
4723 IV, 12. 4 | AIDCO~External aid for health~BEPA~Investing in youth~
4724 IV, 12. 4 | COMP~Competition rules in health markets~ ~DEV~Health in
4725 IV, 12. 4 | in health markets~ ~DEV~Health in EC and EU development
4726 IV, 12. 4 | learning; Young people and health,~Promotion of sport~ECFIN~
4727 IV, 12. 4 | life-threatening epidemics and other health hazards.~ ~ELARG~Assisting
4728 IV, 12. 4 | countries to put in place the health acquis~ ~EMPL~Safety and
4729 IV, 12. 4 | acquis~ ~EMPL~Safety and Health at work; coordination of
4730 IV, 12. 4 | disabilities to social and health services;~European Social
4731 IV, 12. 4 | Innovation~ENV~Environmental health e.g. air quality, water
4732 IV, 12. 4 | European Environment and Health Strategy', COM(2003)338,
4733 IV, 12. 4 | European Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010',
4734 IV, 12. 4 | Data collection in field of health and safety~INFSO~Development
4735 IV, 12. 4 | personal data~concerning health~JRC~Scientific and Technical
4736 IV, 12. 4 | which may have an impact on health directly or indirectly (
4737 IV, 12. 4 | Policy actions to support health policy, including through '
4738 IV, 12. 4 | Neighbourhood countries~on health~RTD~RTD Research framework
4739 IV, 12. 4 | FP6, FP7~ ~SANCO~Public health, consumer policy, food safety,
4740 IV, 12. 4 | policy, food safety, animal health~ ~SG~Coordination policy
4741 IV, 12. 4 | introduction of products with a health risk~TRADE~Trade negotiations
4742 IV, 12. 4 | TRADE~Trade negotiations re: Health and social services and
4743 IV, 12. 4 | services and services of health~Professionals~TREN~Road
4744 IV, 12. 4 | High Level Committee on Health to enable key representatives
4745 IV, 12. 4 | key representatives from health Ministries to exchange views
4746 IV, 12. 4 | Commissioner in charge of Health: David Byrne in 1999, succeeded
4747 IV, 12. 4 | Vassiliou in 2008. Most health activities were then regrouped
4748 IV, 12. 4 | then regrouped in a new Health and Consumer Protection
4749 IV, 12. 4 | cover in particular public health, animal health and food
4750 IV, 12. 4 | particular public health, animal health and food safety. Other Commission
4751 IV, 12. 4 | with certain aspects of health policies such as:~ ~· pharmaceuticals
4752 IV, 12. 4 | pharmaceuticals and health products (DG ENTR) ~· e-Health
4753 IV, 12. 4 | Telematics (DG INFSO)~· health care for migrant workers,
4754 IV, 12. 4 | care for migrant workers, health insurance (DG EMPL)~· health
4755 IV, 12. 4 | health insurance (DG EMPL)~· health research (DG RTD)~· health
4756 IV, 12. 4 | health research (DG RTD)~· health aspects of development aid (
4757 IV, 12. 4 | presence and authority of Health Ministers in Council was
4758 IV, 12. 4 | EPSCO) in charge of all health related decisions. Similarly,
4759 IV, 12. 4 | Committee on Environment and Health became more focused on health
4760 IV, 12. 4 | Health became more focused on health issues. Several committees
4761 IV, 12. 4 | by DG SANCO to deal with health security and bio terrorism,
4762 IV, 12. 4 | security and bio terrorism, the health programme or to help implement
4763 IV, 12. 4 | new High Level Group on Health Services and Medical Care
4764 IV, 12. 4 | and responsibilities;~· health professionals (continuing
4765 IV, 12. 4 | tackling rare diseases;~· health technology assessment, with
4766 IV, 12. 4 | supported by the public health programme;~· e-health and
4767 IV, 12. 4 | information strategies for health services;~· hospital performances (
4768 IV, 12. 4 | risks to consumer products, health and the environment, emerging
4769 IV, 12. 4 | emerging and newly identified health risks. These Committees
4770 IV, 12. 4 | In many sectors where health and safety of patients,
4771 IV, 12. 4 | Institutions and Member States on health related measures, or to
4772 IV, 12. 4 | relevant information for health policy makers (Table 12.
4773 IV, 12. 4 | advise on border-crossing health issues. In this context,
4774 IV, 12. 4 | Science Advice Network for Health (EuSANH) was established
4775 IV, 12. 4 | agencies directly relevant to health~ ~Abbreviation~ ~Agency~ ~
4776 IV, 12. 4 | EAHC~Executive Agency for Health and Consumer (Luxembourg
4777 IV, 12. 4 | Formerly PHEA, Public Health Executive Agency. The Agency
4778 IV, 12. 4 | projects in the field of health; it has about 40 staff members
4779 IV, 12. 4 | emerging threats to human health posed by infectious diseases.~ ~
4780 IV, 12. 4 | protection of human life and health through taking account of
4781 IV, 12. 4 | taking account of animal health and welfare, plant health
4782 IV, 12. 4 | health and welfare, plant health and the environment, in
4783 IV, 12. 4 | benefit of public and animal health.~ ~ESA~ ~European Space
4784 IV, 12. 4 | European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (Bilbao, Spain) -
4785 IV, 12. 4 | to healthcare.~ ~ ~The “health in other policies” objective
4786 IV, 12. 4 | Commission Inter-service Group on Health, chaired by the director
4787 IV, 12. 4 | the director for public health, and very well attended
4788 IV, 12. 4 | international affairs, nutrition, health and environment, pandemic
4789 IV, 12. 4 | been made by DG SANCO with Health Research activities, with
4790 IV, 12. 4 | with DG Employment on health insurance and health care
4791 IV, 12. 4 | on health insurance and health care issues and With DG
4792 IV, 12. 4 | e-Health and the reliability of health information on the Web.
4793 IV, 12. 4 | combine competitiveness and health objectives.~A list of financial
4794 IV, 12. 4 | instruments relevant for health is provided in Table 12.
4795 IV, 12. 4 | instruments relevant for health~ ~DG~Financial instrument~
4796 IV, 12. 4 | actions under the Safety and Health at Work Strategy 2007-2012~
4797 IV, 12. 4 | Programmes FP6, FP7 ( research on health and treatment including
4798 IV, 12. 4 | treatment including public health and health systems, food
4799 IV, 12. 4 | including public health and health systems, food safety, eHealth,
4800 IV, 12. 4 | actions related to global health, road safety)~SANCO~Programme
4801 IV, 12. 4 | Action in the field of Public Health (2003-2008)~Programme for
4802 IV, 12. 4 | Community Action in the field of Health (2008-2013)~Programme of
4803 IV, 12. 5 | 12.5. The European Public Health Programme~ ~In 2002, the
4804 IV, 12. 5 | first integrated public health programme as the key enabling
4805 IV, 12. 5 | for the Community’s public health policy under Article 152
4806 IV, 12. 5 | Programme started to cover health information, health threats
4807 IV, 12. 5 | cover health information, health threats and health determinants,
4808 IV, 12. 5 | information, health threats and health determinants, with a budget
4809 IV, 12. 5 | Community Action in the field of Health. This proposal replaced
4810 IV, 12. 5 | Community Programme for Health and Consumer Protection.
4811 IV, 12. 5 | perspectives for 2008 to 2013. The Health Ministers Council adopted
4812 IV, 12. 5 | of projects relating to health until 2013, with a budget
4813 IV, 12. 5 | to in the Second Public Health Programme.~ ~1. Improve
4814 IV, 12. 5 | 1. Improve citizens' health security.~1.1. Protect citizens
4815 IV, 12. 5 | Protect citizens against health threats.~ ~1.1.1. Develop
4816 IV, 12. 5 | information on and responding to health threats from communicable
4817 IV, 12. 5 | non-communicable diseases and health threats from physical, chemical
4818 IV, 12. 5 | preparedness and planning for health emergencies, including preparing
4819 IV, 12. 5 | international responses to health emergencies; develop risk
4820 IV, 12. 5 | contingency and specific health emergency plans and their
4821 IV, 12. 5 | nosocomial infections.~2. Promote health~2.1. Foster healthier ways
4822 IV, 12. 5 | life and the reduction of health inequalities~ ~2.1.1. Promote
4823 IV, 12. 5 | and explore the impact of health on productivity and labour
4824 IV, 12. 5 | measures to study the impact on health of other policies.~ ~2.1.
4825 IV, 12. 5 | causes of, address and reduce health inequalities within and
4826 IV, 12. 5 | cohesion; promote investment in health in cooperation with other
4827 IV, 12. 5 | solidarity between national health systems by supporting cooperation
4828 IV, 12. 5 | cross-border care and patient and health professional mobility.~2.
4829 IV, 12. 5 | and injuries by tackling health determinants~ ~2.2.1. Address
4830 IV, 12. 5 | determinants~ ~2.2.1. Address health determinants to promote
4831 IV, 12. 5 | improve physical and mental health, creating supportive environments
4832 IV, 12. 5 | physical activity and sexual health, and on addiction-related
4833 IV, 12. 5 | analyse and disseminate health information~3.1. Develop
4834 IV, 12. 5 | Develop further a sustainable health monitoring system with mechanisms
4835 IV, 12. 5 | screening1; collect data on health status and policies; develop,
4836 IV, 12. 5 | dissemination, including Community health reports, the Health Portal
4837 IV, 12. 5 | Community health reports, the Health Portal and conferences;
4838 IV, 12. 5 | establish regular reports on health status in the European Union
4839 IV, 12. 5 | of the Programme.~ ~ ~The health information and knowledge
4840 IV, 12. 5 | and information related to health status, health determinants
4841 IV, 12. 5 | related to health status, health determinants and health
4842 IV, 12. 5 | health determinants and health systems. Several working
4843 IV, 12. 5 | number of priority areas (health indicators, health and environment,
4844 IV, 12. 5 | areas (health indicators, health and environment, lifestyles,
4845 IV, 12. 5 | injuries and accidents, mental health and health services). A
4846 IV, 12. 5 | accidents, mental health and health services). A Network of
4847 IV, 12. 5 | with EUROSTAT. A European Health Portal (htt m) has become
4848 IV, 12. 5 | a short list of European health indicators, including the “
4849 IV, 12. 5 | system is the European Public Health Information Network (EUPHIN) (
4850 IV, 12. 5 | comparable information on health and health-related behaviour
4851 IV, 12. 5 | population, and on diseases and health systems, based on European-wide
4852 IV, 12. 5 | System of European Community Health Indicators~ ~Several EU
4853 IV, 12. 5 | important areas of public health and health care and have
4854 IV, 12. 5 | areas of public health and health care and have proposed specific
4855 IV, 12. 5 | under the Community Public Health Programme, a System of European
4856 IV, 12. 5 | System of European Community Health Indicators (ECHI) was defined,
4857 IV, 12. 5 | cover all aspects of public health issues and current efforts
4858 IV, 12. 5 | relevant sectors of public health, health care and health
4859 IV, 12. 5 | sectors of public health, health care and health policy.
4860 IV, 12. 5 | health, health care and health policy. Due to its fundamental
4861 IV, 12. 5 | in the Community Public Health Programme. This provides
4862 IV, 12. 5 | for the European Community Health Indicators (ECHI-Hierarchy)
4863 IV, 12. 5 | Population~Socio-economic factors~Health status~Mortality~Mortality
4864 IV, 12. 5 | Perceived and functional health~Composite measures of health
4865 IV, 12. 5 | health~Composite measures of health status~Determinants of health~
4866 IV, 12. 5 | health status~Determinants of health~Personal and biological
4867 IV, 12. 5 | Personal and biological factors~Health behaviours~Living and working
4868 IV, 12. 5 | Living and working conditions~Health systems~Prevention, health
4869 IV, 12. 5 | Health systems~Prevention, health protection and promotion~
4870 IV, 12. 5 | protection and promotion~Health care resources~Health care
4871 IV, 12. 5 | promotion~Health care resources~Health care utilisation~Health
4872 IV, 12. 5 | Health care utilisation~Health expenditure and financing~
4873 IV, 12. 5 | expenditure and financing~Health care quality/performance~ ~
4874 IV, 12. 5 | ECHI indicators and other health indicators presented by
4875 IV, 12. 5 | International Compendium of Health Indicators (ICHI, www ).
4876 IV, 12. 5 | from all sectors of public health and the health care sector
4877 IV, 12. 5 | of public health and the health care sector has to be seen
4878 IV, 12. 5 | fragmentation of the public health and the health care sector
4879 IV, 12. 5 | the public health and the health care sector lead to the
4880 IV, 12. 5 | elements of national public health surveillance for a long
4881 IV, 12. 5 | time.~ ~Typically national Health Information Systems are
4882 IV, 12. 5 | Administrative data (e. g. health insurance data, data on
4883 IV, 12. 5 | insurance data, data on health care staff)~- Process data (
4884 IV, 12. 5 | Process data (e. g. data on health care supply in hospitals
4885 IV, 12. 5 | population representative health surveys, health surveys
4886 IV, 12. 5 | representative health surveys, health surveys in special population
4887 IV, 12. 5 | reflect different stages of health transitions as populations
4888 IV, 12. 5 | development of a national health information system.~ ~The
4889 IV, 12. 5 | establishment of a sustainable health information and knowledge
4890 IV, 12. 5 | co-ordination, in the area of health information, of activities
4891 IV, 12. 5 | of the European Community Health Indicators (ECHI). Current
4892 IV, 12. 5 | established under the Public Health Action Programme of DG Sanco (
4893 IV, 12. 5 | ECHIM and the Working Party Health Indicators) and the European
4894 IV, 12. 5 | Indicators) and the European Health Survey System under the
4895 IV, 12. 5 | towards a comprehensive health information and knowledge
4896 IV, 12. 5 | official launch of the EU Health Portal in 2006 (htt ). The
4897 IV, 12. 5 | organisations and bodies in the health sector by facilitating consultation
4898 IV, 12. 5 | about measures to protect health and prevent diseases. One
4899 IV, 12. 5 | responsibility for improving their health. The objective is to continue
4900 IV, 12. 5 | complete the European Community Health Indicators list that will
4901 IV, 12. 5 | that will serve Part II - Health policies and action programmes
4902 IV, 12. 5 | a basis for the European health information and knowledge
4903 IV, 12. 5 | elaboration of regular European health status reports.~ ~The European
4904 IV, 12. 5 | has also launched public health reporting projects under
4905 IV, 12. 5 | guidance of the panel on Health Information and Knowledge.
4906 IV, 12. 5 | deal with topical public health issues that provide material
4907 IV, 12. 5 | year during the new public health programme. The launching
4908 IV, 12. 5 | with the Working Parties on health indicators and data collection.
4909 IV, 12. 5 | electronically – the European Public Health Report Series and in a high
4910 IV, 12. 6 | 12.6. The Public Health Forum~ ~Another major activity
4911 IV, 12. 6 | Commission is the Public Health Forum. The Commission is
4912 IV, 12. 6 | appropriate. The European Public Health Forum has a three-tier structure:~ ~·
4913 IV, 12. 6 | three-tier structure:~ ~· a health policy forum, with a membership
4914 IV, 12. 6 | citizens and the public health community at large.~ ~The
4915 IV, 12. 6 | organizations in the public health field, and patients’ organizations; (
4916 IV, 12. 6 | organizations representing health professionals and trade
4917 IV, 12. 6 | and trade unions; (iii) health service providers and health
4918 IV, 12. 6 | health service providers and health insurance; and (iv) industry
4919 IV, 12. 6 | industry with a particular health interest.~Representation
4920 IV, 12. 7 | 12.7. Health in all policies~ ~Policies
4921 IV, 12. 7 | policies~ ~Policies outside the health sector are also central
4922 IV, 12. 7 | central for improving the health of the population and reducing
4923 IV, 12. 7 | specific interventions on health. The European Observatory
4924 IV, 12. 7 | European Observatory on Health System and Policies in Brussels
4925 IV, 12. 7 | this subject as a priority health theme. The council conclusions
4926 IV, 12. 7 | White Paper Together for Health: a Strategic Approach for
4927 IV, 12. 7 | Commission’s contribution for the health strategy of the European
4928 IV, 12. 7 | Union: The Paper includes health in all policies as one of
4929 IV, 12. 7 | Moreover, conclusions on “Health in All Policies” were adopted
4930 IV, 12. 7 | Conference on this approach. The “Health in all Policies” strategy,
4931 IV, 12. 7 | while recognizing that health can be influenced by decisions
4932 IV, 12. 7 | made in sectors other than health, calls for the assessment
4933 IV, 12. 7 | for the assessment of the health impact of such decisions,
4934 IV, 12. 7 | such decisions, so that health is systematically taken
4935 IV, 12. 7 | Annex 12.2. Declaration on Health in all Policies~ ~Health
4936 IV, 12. 7 | Health in all Policies~ ~Health systems impact assessment~
4937 IV, 12. 7 | impact of new policies on health systems, as opposed to the
4938 IV, 12. 7 | the impact on population health status. In 2006 the working
4939 IV, 12. 7 | for desk officers and the “health system impact assessment
4940 IV, 12. 7 | advice on their national health system during the development
4941 IV, 12. 8 | Union on the international health scene has become more visible
4942 IV, 12. 8 | the development of the EU health competences. With the exception
4943 IV, 12. 8 | the primary focus of EU health policy is the protection
4944 IV, 12. 8 | protection and promotion of the health of citizens living within
4945 IV, 12. 8 | in the sphere of public health’.~ ~Given the complex scientific
4946 IV, 12. 8 | addressed, international health initiatives can only succeed
4947 IV, 12. 8 | succeed if based on concrete health activities within the EU.
4948 IV, 12. 8 | European Union in the public health field. Since many aspects
4949 IV, 12. 8 | Commission, EU agencies and health authorities around the world,
4950 IV, 12. 8 | Table 12.10) started in the health sector as an international
4951 IV, 12. 8 | TAIEX) and also the Public Health programme when it started
4952 IV, 12. 8 | 1957.~ ~Enlargement in the health sector has been a challenging
4953 IV, 12. 8 | considerable variations in the health status measured in terms
4954 IV, 12. 8 | measured in terms of the basic health indicators, such as life
4955 IV, 12. 8 | which has a direct impact on health in areas such as qualifications
4956 IV, 12. 8 | such as qualifications for health professionals, free movement
4957 IV, 12. 8 | meet the accession-related health requirements over the past
4958 IV, 12. 8 | Community competence on health, much of the work had to
4959 IV, 12. 8 | candidates to take on the public health “acquis”.~ ~Even before
4960 IV, 12. 8 | associated to the Public Health Programme through specific
4961 IV, 12. 8 | that specific actions on health in the applicant countries
4962 IV, 12. 8 | the enlargement process on health. Turkey and Croatia are
4963 IV, 12. 8 | associated to the EU Public Health Programme.~ ~The existing
4964 IV, 12. 8 | Programme.~ ~The existing Public Health Programme has limited means,
4965 IV, 12. 8 | Structural Funds for regional health investment in a broad sense.
4966 IV, 12. 8 | opens wide opportunities for health improvement.~ ~The European
4967 IV, 12. 8 | co-operation in the field of Public Health. This enabled these countries
4968 IV, 12. 8 | participate in the eight public health Community action programmes
4969 IV, 12. 8 | board EU legislation on health and pharmaceuticals.~ ~In
4970 IV, 12. 8 | policies and actions in the health sector. EFTA countries participate
4971 IV, 12. 8 | European Community Public Health Programme and in all decision-making
4972 IV, 12. 8 | complementary role in supporting health investment in particular
4973 IV, 12. 8 | mechanisms, can help bridge the health gap across Europe.~ ~
4974 IV, 12. 9 | as those with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the
4975 IV, 12. 9 | the collection of data on health care. Strengthening partnerships
4976 IV, 12. 9 | implementation of the Public Health Programme and is important
4977 IV, 12. 9 | examples:~ ~· supporting health in developing countries;~·
4978 IV, 12. 9 | revision of the International Health Regulations (IHR);~· development
4979 IV, 12. 10 | European Commission Public Health web site. Policy documents
4980 IV, 12. 10 | or local level on major health determinants and on other
4981 IV, 12. 10 | or local level on major health determinants~ ~Determinants~
4982 IV, 12. 10 | Level of Priority for Public Health Interventions~Main regulations
4983 IV, 12. 10 | Extreme weather events and health~High~National/Regional~
4984 IV, 12. 10 | Regional~ Yes~Work-related health issues~High~National/Regional~
4985 IV, 12. 10 | Regional~ Yes~Psychosocial health determinants~Intermediate~
4986 IV, 12. 10 | Yes~Genomics and public health~Intermediate~Regional~ ~
4987 IV, 12. 10 | initiatives to improve public health~ ~EU Initiative~Level of
4988 IV, 12. 10 | empowerment~European strategy for health~Intermediate~National/Regional~
4989 IV, 12. 10 | Regional~Yes~European public health programme~Intermediate~National/
4990 IV, 12. 10 | Intermediate~National/Regional~Yes~Health information~High~National +
4991 IV, 12. 10 | European cooperation on health services~High~National/Regional~
4992 IV, 12. 10 | and efficient cross-border health care”~High~National~--~Public
4993 IV, 12. 10 | High~National~--~Public health forum~Low~--~--~Human therapeutic
4994 IV, 12. 10 | priorities of relevance to health and public health (Life
4995 IV, 12. 10 | relevance to health and public health (Life science and biotechnology)~
4996 IV, 12. 10 | Regional~Yes~Environment and health~High~National/Regional~Yes~ ~ ~
4997 IV, 12. 10 | or local level on major health determinants~ ~Determinants~
4998 IV, 12. 10 | Level of Priority for Public Health Interventions~Main regulations
4999 IV, 12. 10 | behaviours~ high~The Danish Health Act, No. 546 of 24. June
5000 IV, 12. 10 | 546 of 24. June 2005~The Health Act gathers and carries
