Part, Chapter, Paragraph
501 II, 5. 5. 1 | productivity. Use of formal health services is low. About one
502 II, 5. 5. 1 | been reported to contact health services (Alonso et al.,
503 II, 5. 5. 1 | committed suicide had had health care within the month prior
504 II, 5. 5. 1 | comparability and quality of mental health related register data. Problems
505 II, 5. 5. 1 | differences in organising mental health services and in national
506 II, 5. 5. 1 | services and in national health information systems. Also
507 II, 5. 5. 1 | deaths related to mental health problems or on morbidity
508 II, 5. 5. 1 | reality of population mental health. These statistics contain
509 II, 5. 5. 1 | people who suffer from mental health problems but neither die
510 II, 5. 5. 1 | be used to compare mental health morbidity between EU countries.
511 II, 5. 5. 1 | WHO databases~ ~The WHO Health for All (HfA) –database
512 II, 5. 5. 1 | indicators related to mental health. Those relevant for mood
513 II, 5. 5. 1 | more information on mental health data in HfA, see also the
514 II, 5. 5. 1 | reporting systems of mental health establishments, annual data
515 II, 5. 5. 1 | data collections on mental health and from health insurance
516 II, 5. 5. 1 | on mental health and from health insurance data. In addition,
517 II, 5. 5. 1 | data collections on mental health or relevant data sources.
518 II, 5. 5. 1 | Co-Operation Development’s OECD Health Data 2008 offers some mental
519 II, 5. 5. 1 | intentional self-harm.~ ~OECD Health Data 2008 includes also
520 II, 5. 5. 1 | includes also general mental health indicators like mortality
521 II, 5. 5. 1 | distress, positive mental health and care-seeking behaviour.~ ~
522 II, 5. 5. 1 | symptoms. Acceptance of mental health problems varies between
523 II, 5. 5. 1 | account the most severe mental health disorders such as psychotic
524 II, 5. 5. 1 | using standardised mental health instruments that are available
525 II, 5. 5. 1 | take into account mental health or well-being by including
526 II, 5. 5. 1 | derived from validated mental health scales and interpretation
527 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorder had contacted a formal health service. About one third
528 II, 5. 5. 1 | Relative burden of some mental health disorders and no disorder
529 II, 5. 5. 1 | and policies~ ~EU Mental Health Policies~ ~Depression has
530 II, 5. 5. 1 | one of the most serious health problems in Europe in terms
531 II, 5. 5. 1 | The most recent mental health activity of the Commission
532 II, 5. 5. 1 | introduction of the Mental Health Pact in June 2008. The focus
533 II, 5. 5. 1 | These themes are mental health at schools, mental health
534 II, 5. 5. 1 | health at schools, mental health at workplace, mental health
535 II, 5. 5. 1 | health at workplace, mental health of older people, prevention
536 II, 5. 5. 1 | themes and on the Mental Health Pact.~ ~EU co-funded mental
537 II, 5. 5. 1 | Pact.~ ~EU co-funded mental health projects from EU Public
538 II, 5. 5. 1 | projects from EU Public Health Programmes concerning mental/
539 II, 5. 5. 1 | suicide~ ~The first mental health project co-funded from the
540 II, 5. 5. 1 | central concepts for mental health as well promoted and proposed
541 II, 5. 5. 1 | suicides. Thus, several mental health programmes have been co-funded
542 II, 5. 5. 1 | co-funded from the EU Public Health Programmes. Several have
543 II, 5. 5. 1 | the promotion of mental health and prevention of mood and
544 II, 5. 5. 1 | Commission, 2004b):~ ~Mental health projects co-funded by the
545 II, 5. 5. 1 | European Commission Public Health Programmes~· Contribution
546 II, 5. 5. 1 | Contribution to mental health policy~General programmes
547 II, 5. 5. 1 | targeted to strengthen mental health policies in the EU.~o Putting
548 II, 5. 5. 1 | the EU.~o Putting Mental Health on the European Agenda (
549 II, 5. 5. 1 | Policies, Practice and the Health Care System (2002-4).~·
550 II, 5. 5. 1 | 2002-4).~· Promoting mental health throughout the lifespan.~
551 II, 5. 5. 1 | significant impact on mental health through one’s life. The
552 II, 5. 5. 1 | strategies to promote mental health of young children.~o Supporting
553 II, 5. 5. 1 | relevant information on mental health~Reliable and comparable
554 II, 5. 5. 1 | indicators to monitor mental health are necessary to develop
555 II, 5. 5. 1 | establishment of a Set of Mental Health Indicators for European
556 II, 5. 5. 1 | consisted of indicators of health status, determinants of
557 II, 5. 5. 1 | status, determinants of health and health systems.~o The
558 II, 5. 5. 1 | determinants of health and health systems.~o The European
559 II, 5. 5. 1 | Report of the State of Mental Health in the European Union (2002-
560 II, 5. 5. 1 | Member States.~o Mental Health Information and Determinants
561 II, 5. 5. 1 | provided final set of mental health indicators and proposed
562 II, 5. 5. 1 | other than in the Public Health Field with relevance to
563 II, 5. 5. 1 | and promotion of mental health in many European countries,
564 II, 5. 5. 1 | and information on mental health and the promotion of inter-sectoral
565 II, 5. 5. 1 | approaches. The European Mental Health Pact offers a base for future
566 II, 5. 5. 1 | policy action for mental health. High quality and comparable
567 II, 5. 5. 1 | to be collected on mental health disorders through the use
568 II, 5. 5. 1 | regular intervals. Mental health surveys should also include
569 II, 5. 5. 1 | 2004b). Use of mental health services in Europe: results
570 II, 5. 5. 1 | association? J Epidemiol Community Health 57(8):594-600.~ ~C J (2008).
571 II, 5. 5. 1 | European Pact for mental Health. Brussels: European Commission,
572 II, 5. 5. 1 | 2004a). Action for Mental Health. Activities co-funded from
573 II, 5. 5. 1 | European Community Public Health Programmes 1997-2004). Luxembourg:
574 II, 5. 5. 1 | at: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/
575 II, 5. 5. 1 | style/mental/pubs_mental_health_en.htm~ ~Fryers T (2007).
576 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental
577 II, 5. 5. 1 | Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World
578 II, 5. 5. 1 | use of services for mental health problems in six European
579 II, 5. 5. 1 | 2002). Contact with mental health and primary care providers
580 II, 5. 5. 1 | from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry
581 II, 5. 5. 1 | discrimination limit access to mental health care. Epidemiol Psichiatr
582 II, 5. 5. 1 | depression in Europe. J Mental Health Policy Econ 9(2):87-98.~ ~S F
583 II, 5. 5. 1 | J Epidemiol Community Health. 62(6):545-51.~ ~ ~
584 II, 5. 5. 2 | estimates for every World Health Organisation (WHO) world
585 II, 5. 5. 2 | Europe has nominated a NGO Health Grouping working group on “
586 II, 5. 5. 2 | leading to higher costs for health care and support services,
587 II, 5. 5. 2 | DG Sanco under its Public Health Framework Programme for
588 II, 5. 5. 2 | which it stressed the public health implications of an ageing
589 II, 5. 5. 2 | Ensuring the European health strategy guarantees quality
590 II, 5. 5. 2 | available treatments, efficient health services, prevention and
591 II, 5. 5. 2 | campaigns;~· Addressing the health inequalities across Europe
592 II, 5. 5. 2 | making dementia a public health priority in Europe (European
593 II, 5. 5. 2 | 895-906~ ~European Public Health Alliance (2007): summary
594 II, 5. 5. 2 | the UK inquiry into mental health and well-being in later
595 II, 5. 5. 2 | Annual Review of Public Health 25: 1-24.~ ~Kurz A (2002):
596 II, 5. 5. 3 | as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) that
597 II, 5. 5. 3 | impact on mental and physical health, and is therefore classified
598 II, 5. 5. 3 | et al, in press).~ ~HBSC (Health Behaviour in School Aged
599 II, 5. 5. 3 | Europe; Volume 2: Available Health Information on Behavioural
600 II, 5. 5. 3 | Anorexia Nervosa. Austrian health statistics which inform
601 II, 5. 5. 3 | Commissioner for Women’s Health).~Bulgaria~ ~X~ ~Croatia~ ~
602 II, 5. 5. 3 | of systematic preventive health examinations of school children
603 II, 5. 5. 3 | unpublished data from the National Health Survey.~Cyprus~ ~X~ ~Czech Republic~
604 II, 5. 5. 3 | Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa. Health care providers report treatment
605 II, 5. 5. 3 | available. The Center for Health and Prevention in Adolescence
606 II, 5. 5. 3 | some data are available in Health Insurance Centre (treatment
607 II, 5. 5. 3 | of systematic preventive health examinations of school children.~
608 II, 5. 5. 3 | Europe; Volume 2: Available Health Information on Behavioural
609 II, 5. 5. 3 | particular high priority health problems of European adolescents
610 II, 5. 5. 3 | Hoeken, 2003).~The HBSC (Health Behaviour in School Aged
611 II, 5. 5. 3 | factors influencing personal health and may contribute to fall
612 II, 5. 5. 3 | implemented a strategy for health in childhood and adolescence
613 II, 5. 5. 3 | decision-makers;~· imply important health sector, coordinate work
614 II, 5. 5. 3 | and international public health and policy. In most cases,
615 II, 5. 5. 3 | programmes concern mental health and do not focus on eating
616 II, 5. 5. 3 | benefits for individuals, health systems and society. For
617 II, 5. 5. 3 | informing parents, educators, health care providers, children
618 II, 5. 5. 3 | implement a comparable health monitoring system at European
619 II, 5. 5. 3 | national and international health monitoring systems and health promotion
620 II, 5. 5. 3 | Europe; Volume 1: The Public Health Challenge of Measuring the
621 II, 5. 5. 3 | Europe; Volume 2: Available Health Information on Behavioural
622 II, 5. 5. 3 | adolescents from a public health perspective. The HELENA
623 II, 5. 5. 3 | Adolescence. Journal of Public Health 15:187–197. Available at: htt f (
624 II, 5. 5. 3 | on 12 March 2007).~World Health Organization (WHO) (2003):
625 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders. National Library for Health Mental Health Specialist
626 II, 5. 5. 3 | Library for Health Mental Health Specialist Library [htt ] (
627 II, 5. 5. 3 | on 19 March 2008).~World Health Organization (2004): Health
628 II, 5. 5. 3 | Health Organization (2004): Health Policy for Children and
629 II, 5. 5. 3 | Adolescents, No. 4; Young people’s health in context. Health Behaviour
630 II, 5. 5. 3 | people’s health in context. Health Behaviour in School-aged
631 II, 5. 5. 3 | on 19 March 2008).~World Health Organization (WHO) (2005):
632 II, 5. 5. 3 | WHO) (2005): The European Health Report 2005 – Part 3 Child
633 II, 5. 5. 3 | Part 3 Child an adolescent health and development. WHO Library
634 II, 5. 5. 3 | Information Council~HBSC~Health Behaviour in School Aged
635 II, 5. 5. 3 | in Adolescence~WHO~World Health Organization~WHO Regional
636 II, 5. 5. 3 | Office for Europe~World Health Organization Regional Office
637 II, 5. 5. 3 | sheet of the WHO Mental Health Report, 7 per 1000 suffer
638 II, 5. 5. 3 | community based mental health services were not provided (
639 II, 5. 5. 3 | amount of expenditures of the health care system is due to schizophrenia
640 II, 5. 5. 3 | between European mental health care systems.~ ~Statistics
641 II, 5. 5. 3 | Another data source is IMS Health, a commercial organization
642 II, 5. 5. 3 | schizophrenia (IMS 2003).~ ~ ~Health indicators usually used
643 II, 5. 5. 3 | of data is the European Health for all Database (HFA-DB)
644 II, 5. 5. 3 | strategies regarding mental health policy.~Mortality~The crude
645 II, 5. 5. 3 | drug therapy and in mental health services, this mortality
646 II, 5. 5. 3 | differences in the mental health care systems, the extent
647 II, 5. 5. 3 | differences in the national health information systems and
648 II, 5. 5. 3 | deficiencies in international health information systems.~Not
649 II, 5. 5. 3 | one fifth of DALYs due to health conditions (WHO, 2007).
650 II, 5. 5. 3 | psychosis. As different health systems provide different
651 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment gap in mental health care, European data on this
652 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment gap in mental health care (people remaining untreated
653 II, 5. 5. 3 | guidelines may in part be due to health insurance policies but are
654 II, 5. 5. 3 | The WHO-Atlas on Mental Health delivers an overview on
655 II, 5. 5. 3 | Table 5.5.3.2.5. Mental health service in Europe~Not only
656 II, 5. 5. 3 | WHO-initiated World Mental Health Surveys (WHO, 2004), which
657 II, 5. 5. 3 | specialized personnel for mental health services are an important
658 II, 5. 5. 3 | resource of a good mental health system. On average, the
659 II, 5. 5. 3 | community-based care.~The 2001 World Health Report on Mental Health
660 II, 5. 5. 3 | Health Report on Mental Health strongly favours the benefits
661 II, 5. 5. 3 | extent and quality of mental health care in European countries
662 II, 5. 5. 3 | the WHO Atlas on mental health resources in the world (
663 II, 5. 5. 3 | not have specified mental health policies. More than two
664 II, 5. 5. 3 | them do not have mental health programmes. One fifth does
665 II, 5. 5. 3 | tenth does not have mental health legislation”.~These deficits
666 II, 5. 5. 3 | allocation of the national health budgets to mental disorders:
667 II, 5. 5. 3 | budget is allocated to mental health care. Research is necessary
668 II, 5. 5. 3 | necessary to find out if health expenditures reflect quality
669 II, 5. 5. 3 | psychotropic drugs and mental health workers. Furthermore, stigma
670 II, 5. 5. 3 | EU Green Paper for Mental Health, fighting stigma is one
671 II, 5. 5. 3 | people and improving mental health care. An evaluation of the
672 II, 5. 5. 3 | Expenditures by kind of health care service for year 2002
673 II, 5. 5. 3 | on the amount of mental health expenditure. Families of
674 II, 5. 5. 3 | segmented according to different health care services, reflect the
675 II, 5. 5. 3 | policies~ ~National mental health acts or programmes~Before
676 II, 5. 5. 3 | strategy to improve mental health in the European Region.
677 II, 5. 5. 3 | below:~· WHO Atlas Mental Health, published in 2001 – Collection
678 II, 5. 5. 3 | Collection of data on the mental health care system. www Mental
679 II, 5. 5. 3 | care system. www Mental Health in Europe 2001 - Country
680 II, 5. 5. 3 | European Network on Mental Health~www. Mental health: facing
681 II, 5. 5. 3 | Mental Health~www. Mental health: facing the challenges,
682 II, 5. 5. 3 | Commission, 2006a)~· Mental Health in the EU – Key facts, figures
683 II, 5. 5. 3 | EU-programmes dealing with mental health. However, there is still
684 II, 5. 5. 3 | initiate a Europe-wide Mental Health Pact during a EU Health
685 II, 5. 5. 3 | Health Pact during a EU Health Ministerial conference held
686 II, 5. 5. 3 | consolidated version of the Mental Health Pact – ww . The Implementation
687 II, 5. 5. 3 | future direction of mental health care was edited in the UK.
688 II, 5. 5. 3 | National Alliance on Mental Health supported by the Ministry
689 II, 5. 5. 3 | supported by the Ministry of Health. This is meant to continue
690 II, 5. 5. 3 | ameliorate the delivery of mental health care by providing area-wide
691 II, 5. 5. 3 | of all necessary mental health services and providers;~·
692 II, 5. 5. 3 | AGREE project. Qual Saf Health Care 12:18-23.~Andlin-Sobocki
693 II, 5. 5. 3 | Andlin-Sobocki P, Rössler W (2002):Health inequalities and the health
694 II, 5. 5. 3 | Health inequalities and the health needs of people with mental
695 II, 5. 5. 3 | mental illness. N S W Public Health Bull 13(7):155-8.~Andlin-Sobocki
696 II, 5. 5. 3 | Clinl Pract Epidemol Ment Health 3(1):23 [Epub ahead of print].~
697 II, 5. 5. 3 | Chatterji S; WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004):
698 II, 5. 5. 3 | mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental
699 II, 5. 5. 3 | Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Journal of the
700 II, 5. 5. 3 | Paper. Improving the mental health of the population: Towards
701 II, 5. 5. 3 | Towards a strategy on mental health for the European Union.
702 II, 5. 5. 3 | Available at: ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/
703 II, 5. 5. 3 | Consultative Platform on Mental Health.~ec.europa.eu/health/ph_
704 II, 5. 5. 3 | Mental Health.~ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/
705 II, 5. 5. 3 | for their patients? J Ment Health Policy Econ 10:63-71.~Fors
706 II, 5. 5. 3 | Thornicroft G (2007): Mental Health Policy and Practice across
707 II, 5. 5. 3 | future direction of mental health care. Open University Press,
708 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment gap in mental health care. Bull World Health
709 II, 5. 5. 3 | health care. Bull World Health Organ. 82(11):858-66.~Lacro
710 II, 5. 5. 3 | MR, Rahman A (2007): No health without mental health. Lancet
711 II, 5. 5. 3 | No health without mental health. Lancet 370(9590):859-77.~
712 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2007): Stigma and mental health. Lancet 370(9590):810-11.~
713 II, 5. 5. 3 | Psychiatry 56(8):733-40.~NOMESCO. Health Statistics in the Nordic
714 II, 5. 5. 3 | Countries 2005 - Mental health in the Nordic countries (
715 II, 5. 5. 3 | Neurosci 253:321-329.~World Health Organization (WHO) (1997):
716 II, 5. 5. 3 | and schizophrenia World Health Organization, Division of
717 II, 5. 5. 3 | Organization, Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance
718 II, 5. 5. 3 | Substance abuse, Geneva.~World Health Organization (WHO) (2001a) -
719 II, 5. 5. 3 | Regional Office Europe: Mental Health in Europe. Country Reports
720 II, 5. 5. 3 | European Network on Mental Health. Available at: www f; last
721 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~World Health Organization (WHO) (2001b):
722 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2001b): Atlas. Mental health resources in the world 2001.
723 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~World Health Organisation (WHO) - World
724 II, 5. 5. 3 | Organisation (WHO) - World Mental Health Survey Consortium (2004):
725 II, 5. 5. 3 | mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental
726 II, 5. 5. 3 | Organization World Mental Health Surveys (Kessler RC). JAMA
727 II, 5. 5. 3 | 291 (21):2581-2590.~World Health Organization (2005a): Prevention
728 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~World Health Organization (2005b): Press
729 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~World Health Organization (2005c): Mental
730 II, 5. 5. 3 | Organization (2005c): Mental health: facing the challenges,
731 II, 5. 5. 3 | accessed Dec 13, 2007.~World Health Organization (2005d) -WHO
732 II, 5. 5. 3 | Europe: Helsinki Mental Health Declaration for Europe.
733 II, 5. 5. 3 | practitioner for mental health problems in a rural town.
734 II, 5. 5. 3 | to comment on the current health service usage per Member
735 II, 5. 5. 3 | the prevention of other health problems e.g. cardio-vascular
736 II, 5. 5. 3 | costs are those generated by health and social care provision (
737 II, 5. 5. 3 | way. Indeed, the public health burden of these disorders
738 II, 5. 5. 3 | co-financed project by the Public Health Executive Agency (PHEA)
739 II, 5. 5. 3 | extensive training of a range of health, social care and education
740 II, 5. 5. 3 | related areas including mental health, the criminal justice system
741 II, 5. 5. 3 | scientific community and public health sector. Although both the
742 II, 5. 5. 3 | trained personnel and the health services structure and whether
743 II, 5. 5. 3 | policy for education and health services for people and
744 II, 5. 5. 3 | Trends in Autism. Public Health Reports, Nov-Dec.~Fombonne
745 II, 5. 5. 3 | Otherwise Specified~PHEA~Public Health Executive Agency~ ~
746 II, 5. 5. 3 | capabilities of the available health care facilities. Although
747 II, 5. 5. 3 | on the patient’s or the health authority’s perspective (
748 II, 5. 5. 3 | may be too high. From the health authority perspective, however,
749 II, 5. 5. 3 | local situation. Networks of health care workers (physicians,
750 II, 5. 5. 3 | interactions between professional health care workers should be increased
751 II, 5. 5. 3 | epilepsy and associated health usage. J Neurol Neurosurg
752 II, 5. 5. 3 | Rosati, in press), World Health Organisation (WHO) and Eurostat
753 II, 5. 5. 3 | improvement of the national health care system, multiple large
754 II, 5. 5. 3 | evaluating the burden of MS in health economics. DALYs are the
755 II, 5. 5. 3 | gains in measures of general health, pain, role-emotion, and
756 II, 5. 5. 3 | Multiple Sclerosis Societies. Health Departments in most member
757 II, 5. 5. 3 | obtain from their respective health services, as well as in
758 II, 5. 5. 3 | Parliament urged the Ministers of Health of the European Union to
759 II, 5. 5. 3 | of coordination on public health.~ ~The Code describes good
760 II, 5. 5. 3 | key areas critical to the health and Quality of Life of People
761 II, 5. 5. 3 | Commission and the German Health Minister Ulla Schmidt, during
762 II, 5. 5. 3 | for profit or no-profit health and social services providers,
763 II, 5. 5. 3 | the European Commission’s Health Policy Forum, and is also
764 II, 5. 5. 3 | multiple sclerosis in the Leeds Health Authority. J Neurol Neurosurg
765 II, 5. 5. 3 | cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Policy and Planning 16;326-
766 II, 5. 5. 3 | Rehabil 65:135-138.~Global Health Atlas (2005). Available
767 II, 5. 5. 3 | a response to Williams. Health Economics 9:69-82.~Myhr
768 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries 1979–1997. Public Health 118:268–283.~Pugliatti M,
769 II, 5. 5. 3 | Psychiatry 78:707-709.~World Health Organization (WHO) (2004a).
770 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2002 Estimates. In: WHO Health Report 2004.~World Health
771 II, 5. 5. 3 | Health Report 2004.~World Health Organization (WHO) (2004b):
772 II, 5. 5. 3 | In: WHO (eds): The world health report 2004 - changing history.
773 II, 5. 5. 3 | United Kingdom~WHO~World Health Organization~YLD~Years Of
774 II, 5. 5. 3 | literature search in electronic health information databases. Data
775 II, 5. 5. 3 | the individual, family, health services and society, ii)
776 II, 5. 5. 3 | will be critical for future health care planning in societies
777 II, 5. 5. 3 | reason might be that less health service is offered to the
778 II, 5. 5. 3 | There are several gaps in health economic and epidemiological
779 II, 5. 5. 3 | it includes projects on health economic evaluation of brain
780 II, 5. 5. 3 | different economies and health care systems.~NGOs, which
781 II, 5. 5. 3 | practice parameters and health technology assessments regarding
782 II, 5. 5. 3 | represents an enormous public health challenge.~ ~
783 II, 5. 5. 3 | Rodnitzky RL (1998): The health burdens of Parkinson’s disease.
784 II, 5. 5. 3 | along.pdf~Eurostat (2002): Health statistics: key data on
785 II, 5. 5. 3 | statistics: key data on health, 2002. Available at: htt F.~
786 II, 5. 5. 3 | is the evidence? Environ Health Perspect 113(9):1234-1238.~
787 II, 5. 5. 3 | district of the Northampton Health Authority, United Kingdom.
788 II, 5. 6. 1 | They are a major burden on health and social care, are one
789 II, 5. 6. 1 | the most common cause of health problems limiting work and
790 II, 5. 6. 1 | sick leave (Swedish Yearbook of Health and Medical Care, 2001).~ ~
791 II, 5. 6. 1 | United Nations, the World Health Organisation, World Bank
792 II, 5. 6. 2 | Limitation: the great public health challenge. University of
793 II, 5. 6. 2 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health: A guide to the prevention
794 II, 5. 6. 2 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health)~· Woolf AD, Pfleger B Burden
795 II, 5. 6. 3 | disability and quality of life; health care utilization; economic
796 II, 5. 6. 3 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health), which is greater with
797 II, 5. 6. 3 | countries (Lopez et al, 2006).~ ~Health care utilization~ ~Musculoskeletal
798 II, 5. 6. 3 | the most common cause of health problems limiting work in
799 II, 5. 6. 3 | reason (Swedish Yearbook of Health and Medical Care, 2001).~ ~
800 II, 5. 6. 3 | conditions ranked second as a health care cost in 1994 (Meerding
801 II, 5. 6. 3 | accounting for 6% of total health care costs compared to 8.
802 II, 5. 6. 3 | the number presenting to health care with OA by agreed criteria.
803 II, 5. 6. 3 | point of view of public health, based on their prevalence
804 II, 5. 6. 3 | loss, and of social and health care. There is little data
805 II, 5. 6. 3 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health).~ ~Incidence~ ~A review
806 II, 5. 6. 3 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health). Physiotherapy and adaptations
807 II, 5. 6. 3 | expressed by functional status, health status and health status
808 II, 5. 6. 3 | status, health status and health status perception, radiological
809 II, 5. 6. 3 | Low back pain is a major health and socio-economic problem
810 II, 5. 6. 3 | Psychosocial aspects of health and work combined with economic
811 II, 5. 6. 3 | back pain, the impact on health and low frequency of return
812 II, 5. 6. 4 | prioritizing resources for health and social care. Most of
813 II, 5. 6. 4 | related to the direct costs of health care, although these are
814 II, 5. 6. 4 | work disability and use of health resources are illustrated
815 II, 5. 6. 4 | weeks), musculoskeletal health complaints are second only
816 II, 5. 6. 4 | gender. Norway 1997.~ ~Use of health care services~ ~About one-quarter
817 II, 5. 6. 4 | 2007).~ ~The associated health care costs that are generated
818 II, 5. 6. 4 | The total direct cost for health services due to musculoskeletal
819 II, 5. 6. 5 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health (European Commission (2004):
820 II, 5. 6. 5 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health). These bring together the
821 II, 5. 6. 5 | orthopaedics, trauma, public health, health promotion and policy
822 II, 5. 6. 5 | improve musculoskeletal health whatever the underlying
823 II, 5. 6. 5 | and representatives; and health care providers want to be
824 II, 5. 6. 5 | and http f. The potential health gains are given in the full
825 II, 5. 6. 6 | disorders as a cause of chronic health problems, disability, and
826 II, 5. 6. 6 | problems, disability, and health care utilization: findings
827 II, 5. 6. 6 | findings from the 1990 Ontario Health Survey. J Rheumatol 21:505-
828 II, 5. 6. 6 | 132:701-707~Department of Health and Social Services, UK (
829 II, 5. 6. 6 | adults.~ ~Department of Health, UK (2006): The Musculoskeletal
830 II, 5. 6. 6 | Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health, ISBN 91-975284-0-4. Bone
831 II, 5. 6. 6 | European Commission (2007): Health in the European Union. Special
832 II, 5. 6. 6 | Socialstyrelsen (National Board of Health and Welfare)~ ~Johnell O,
833 II, 5. 6. 6 | Assessment. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 16(4):1193-200~Juni
834 II, 5. 6. 6 | fracture according to the World Health Organization criteria for
835 II, 5. 6. 6 | 222-6~National Board on Health and Welfare (Sweden) (2001):
836 II, 5. 6. 6 | Sweden) (2001): Yearbook of Health and Medical Care 2001. Available
837 II, 5. 6. 6 | osteoarthritis among patients in a health maintenance organization.
838 II, 5. 6. 6 | population. Am J Public Health 87:1680-1682~Reynolds DL,
839 II, 5. 6. 6 | Available at URL: htt f. World Health Organization, Geneva~ ~Symmons
840 II, 5. 6. 6 | osteoporosis: report of a World Health Organization Study Group.
841 II, 5. 6. 6 | Series No. 843. Geneva, World Health Organization~ ~WHO (2003):
842 II, 5. 6. 6 | WHO Europe (2006): Gaining Health. The European Strategy for
843 II, 5. 6. 6 | Musculoskeletal Conditions. Bull World Health Organ 81(9):646-56~Woolf
844 II, 5. 7.Acr | Disease~NHANES III~National Health and Nutrition Examination
845 II, 5. 7.Acr | Replacement Therapy~WHO~World Health Organization~ ~
846 II, 5. 7. 1 | recognized as a major public health problem. CKD can be detected
847 II, 5. 7. 1 | derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
848 II, 5. 7. 1 | been translated into public health policies. Moreover, early
849 II, 5. 7. 1 | the 2005 WHO report (World Health Organization, 2005; Yach
850 II, 5. 7. 1 | overlooked by governments and health authorities and ignored
851 II, 5. 7. 1 | consume a large fraction of health care resources, full recognition
852 II, 5. 7. 1 | conditions. For these reasons, health policies for CKD need to
853 II, 5. 7. 1 | Italy 1.8% of the total health care budget was spent for
854 II, 5. 7. 2 | resulting information may assist health authorities and health planners
855 II, 5. 7. 2 | assist health authorities and health planners in the formulation
856 II, 5. 7. 4 | inequalities affect the health of disadvantaged people
857 II, 5. 7. 4 | access to and quality of health care and by survival from
858 II, 5. 7. 5 | Policies~ ~· The Danish Health Ministry has had a quality
859 II, 5. 7. 5 | In Greece the Ministry of Health has not issued any objectives,
860 II, 5. 7. 5 | presented to a Parliamentary Health Commission. Unfortunately,
861 II, 5. 7. 5 | national level.~· The public health policy in Finland is that
862 II, 5. 7. 5 | national level, as the national health authorities have decided
863 II, 5. 7. 5 | these subjects into public health policies on cardiovascular
864 II, 5. 7. 5 | provision and quality of health care. At present, there
865 II, 5. 7. 5 | 2004 the French Ministry of Health established a list of 100
866 II, 5. 7. 5 | established a list of 100 public health objectives; two of which
867 II, 5. 7. 5 | in Rome, the Ministry of Health agreed that a public health
868 II, 5. 7. 5 | Health agreed that a public health policy should be developed
869 II, 5. 7. 5 | Nephrology to the Ministry of Health and it is possible that
870 II, 5. 7. 5 | stages.~· The Ministry of Health in Norway has started a
871 II, 5. 7. 5 | The Austrian Ministry of Health commissioned an institute (
872 II, 5. 7. 5 | OEBIG) to issue an Austrian Health Plan (OESG).Regulations
873 II, 5. 7. 5 | have been indicated in this Health Plan. The Plan also stated,
874 II, 5. 7. 5 | assurance in ESRD treatment. The Health Plan found its way to regional
875 II, 5. 7. 5 | found its way to regional health legislation and planning
876 II, 5. 7. 5 | Centres.~· There are no public health policies on CKD or RRT in
877 II, 5. 7. 6 | funded under the Public Health Programme of the European
878 II, 5. 7. 6 | have developed national health policies regarding RRT for
879 II, 5. 7. 6 | pan-European or national health plans of the calibre of
880 II, 5. 7. 6 | steps to ensure that good health, as well as long life, are
881 II, 5. 7. 7 | System, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Diabetes
882 II, 5. 7. 7 | follow-up of cross sectional health survey. BMJ 2006 Nov 18;
883 II, 5. 7. 7 | International Study of Health Care Organization and Financing
884 II, 5. 7. 7 | evolving reality. Int J Health Care Finance Econ 2007 Jul
885 II, 5. 7. 7 | Distribution of major health risks: findings from the
886 II, 5. 7. 7 | results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition
887 II, 5. 8.Acr | European Community Respiratory Health Survey~ELF~European Lung
888 II, 5. 8. 1 | substantial implications for the health of the European population.
889 II, 5. 8. 2 | reviewed journals~- Lung Health in Europe Facts & Figures,
890 II, 5. 8. 2 | Mortality Database of the World Health Organization,~ Regional
891 II, 5. 8. 3 | and Review of Housing and Health Status Study (WHO LARES)
892 II, 5. 8. 3 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), were used
893 II, 5. 8. 3 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey~ ~ ~The Po Delta
894 II, 5. 8. 3 | frequently have multiple chronic health conditions. The severity
895 II, 5. 8. 3 | highlighted that a lower health status (total SGRQ > 60)
896 II, 5. 8. 3 | of European Housing and Health Status (LARES) study by
897 II, 5. 8. 3 | negative effects on the health related quality of life (
898 II, 5. 8. 3 | comorbidities.~ ~Economic burden and health care utilization~ ~Several
899 II, 5. 8. 4 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study high
900 II, 5. 8. 5 | being developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) together
901 II, 5. 8. 6 | contrast the increasing health and economic burden of COPD.~ ~
902 II, 5. 8. 6 | Moreover, some aspects of COPD health care should also be also
903 II, 5. 8. 6 | been little comparison of health care utilization during
904 II, 5. 8. 6 | understanding current patterns of health care utilization.~ ~
905 II, 5. 8. 7 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study Group. An international
906 II, 5. 8. 7 | disease in France. Value Health 2004; 7: 168-174.~ ~European
907 II, 5. 8. 7 | comprehensive survey on respiratory health in Europe”. Loddenkemper
908 II, 5. 8. 7 | Rennie D., Stang M (2008):. Health care utilization of patients
909 II, 5. 8. 7 | systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367:
910 II, 5. 8. 7 | of asthma or COPD from a health interview survey and from
911 II, 5. 8. 7 | difference? Eur J Public Health 2006; 16: 101-105.~ ~Murray
912 II, 5. 8. 7 | 443-453.~Niederlander E. Health (2006): In “Population and
913 II, 5. 8. 7 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2005): Lung Function
914 II, 5. 8. 7 | Croatian Journal of Public Health 3(10)- www/hcjz.hr~ ~Wagena
915 II, 5. 9.Acr | European Community Respiratory Health Survey~GA LEN~Global Allergy
916 II, 5. 9. FB | has developed into a major health concern in Europe, with
917 II, 5. 9. FB | socio-economic burden, in terms of health care utilization, medication
918 II, 5. 9. FB | treatment compliance by health professionals is linked
919 II, 5. 9. FB | allergic diseases require the health care system to ensure regular
920 II, 5. 9. FB | become a serious public health issue. If preventive intervention
921 II, 5. 9. FB | prevention~ ~The organization of health care should be reconsidered
922 II, 5. 9. FB | harmonization and effectiveness of health care systems and professional
923 II, 5. 9. FB | people, besides increasing health care costs and lost productivity.
924 II, 5. 9. FB | additional expenditure for health care systems for then reducing
925 II, 5. 9. 1 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and the International
926 II, 5. 9. 2 | Framework Program;~- Lung Health in Europe Facts & Figures,
927 II, 5. 9. 2 | Co-operation and Development) Health Working Paper~ ~Mortality
928 II, 5. 9. 3 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in 1991–93
929 II, 5. 9. 3 | be considered a sentinel health event of the access to and
930 II, 5. 9. 3 | the quality of outpatient health care.~ ~Deaths due to asthma
931 II, 5. 9. 3 | 9.5.)~ ~ ~ ~The costs of health care~ ~Data provided by
932 II, 5. 9. 3 | 8 patients died. (Lung Health in Europe, 2003 ERJ)~ ~According
933 II, 5. 9. 3 | Allergic diseases as a public health problem in Europe, The UCB
934 II, 5. 9. 3 | Institute of Allergy, 1997), health care providers and authorities
935 II, 5. 9. 3 | increasing factor in public health costs. Although they can
936 II, 5. 9. 3 | estimated - in terms of health care and absenteeism, for
937 II, 5. 9. 3 | continuous drain on public health resources and loss of workdays.
938 II, 5. 9. 3 | included in all statistics from health providers. Antiallergic
939 II, 5. 9. 3 | additional expenditure for health care systems but then reducing
940 II, 5. 9. 3 | amounting to €9.8 billion) (Lung Health in Europe Facts & Figures,
941 II, 5. 9. 3 | care (€ 0.5 billion) (Lung Health in Europe, 2003).~ ~In a
942 II, 5. 9. 4 | The European Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in Sweden,
943 II, 5. 9. 4 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II 2002) investigated
944 II, 5. 9. 4 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey 1994) and did not
945 II, 5. 9. 4 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey I showed that seven
946 II, 5. 9. 4 | using the European Community Health Respiratory Survey I data, (
947 II, 5. 9. 4 | social status. In the German Health Interview and Examination
948 II, 5. 9. 4 | Heinrich et al, 2001).~ ~Some health effects of air pollution
949 II, 5. 9. 4 | PAHs.~ ~Another project (Health effects of particles from
950 II, 5. 9. 4 | research/environment/pdf/env_health_projects/air_pollution/ap-hepmeap.
951 II, 5. 9. 5 | diseases were included in all health statistics.~ ~Primary prevention~ ~
952 II, 5. 9. 5 | additional expenditures for health care systems, but also reducing
953 II, 5. 9. 5 | prevention~ ~The organization of health care has to be reconsidered
954 II, 5. 9. 5 | harmonization and effectiveness of health care systems and professional
955 II, 5. 9. 5 | in reality, also primary health care teams must be strengthened
956 II, 5. 9. 5 | In general, two levels of health care are to be considered.
957 II, 5. 9. 5 | first one is the primary health care level in which general
958 II, 5. 9. 5 | effectiveness of these models of health care organization and there
959 II, 5. 9. 5 | the intervention onto the health care systems.~ ~
960 II, 5. 9. 6 | burden, not only in terms of health care costs and lost productivity
961 II, 5. 9. 6 | other people. This is why Health Related Quality of Life (
962 II, 5. 9. 6 | tools can be used in all health conditions and allow the
963 II, 5. 9. 6 | focus on the aspects of health status relevant for patients
964 II, 5. 9. 7 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J, 1994,
965 II, 5. 9. 7 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II. (2002): The European
966 II, 5. 9. 7 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II Steering Committee.
967 II, 5. 9. 7 | Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology,
968 II, 5. 9. 7 | Feb;25(2):55-67.~ ~Lung Health in Europe (2003): Facts &
969 II, 5. 9. 7 | Results from the German Health Interview and Examination
970 II, 5. 9. 7 | Allergic diseases as a public health problem in Europe, 1997~ ~
971 II, 5. 9. 7 | Croatian Journal of Public Health 2007; 3(10) - www.hcjz.hr~ ~
972 II, 5. 9. 7 | Epub 2006 May 19.~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (1952):
973 II, 5. 9. 7 | Constitution of the World Health Organization. Handbook of
974 II, 5. 9. 7 | Palais des Nations, World Health Organization, 1952: 3–20~ ~Wü B (
975 II, 5. 10.Acr | European Community Respiratory Health Survey~EFSA~European Food
976 II, 5. 10. 1 | report having experienced health problems by eating a particular
977 II, 5. 10. 1 | children (EFSA, 2004).~ ~Health consequences of FA range
978 II, 5. 10. 2 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS, htt ), a
979 II, 5. 10. 4 | to the low awareness of health professionals regarding
980 II, 5. 10. 4 | social isolation and mental health problems (Knibb et al, 2000).~ ~
981 II, 5. 10. 7 | 2006- Food Allergies. World Health Organization, 9 June 2006. htt ~ ~
982 II, 5. 10. 7 | community sample. Psychol Health Med 5:419-430.~Kosunen TU,
983 II, 5. 10. 7 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) 1991-1994.
984 II, 5. 11.Acr | Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe~EDEN~
985 II, 5. 11. 3 | little is known about other health effects of piercing, in
986 II, 5. 11. 3 | knowledge about this emerging health problem is definitely important
987 II, 5. 11. 3 | disease only from a public health perspective. The study of
988 II, 5. 11. 3 | capacity of many current health care systems to cope with
989 II, 5. 11. 4 | profound effect on a country’s health care budget because skin
990 II, 5. 11. 5 | Conference on Environment and Health in London 1999 and the Fourth
991 II, 5. 11. 5 | traced the path for a public health policy response to reduce
992 II, 5. 11. 5 | children’s environment and health action plan for Europe (
993 II, 5. 11. 5 | access to environmental health information and education.~
994 II, 5. 11. 5 | is the Environmental and Health Plan of the European Commission
995 II, 5. 11. 6 | which to plan appropriate health services.~The second gap
996 II, 5. 11. 6 | effectiveness for the various health care systems that currently
997 II, 5. 11. 6 | formulate more effective public health strategies to respond to
998 II, 5. 11. 7 | States, 1971–1974. Vital and Health Statistics: Series 11, No.
999 II, 5. 11. 7 | 79–1660. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare,
1000 II, 5. 11. 7 | Welfare, National Center for Health Statistics 1978: 1–72~ ~
