Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1501 II, 8. 2. 1 | 874.~Fisher, K., (2004). Health Disparities and Mental Retardation.
1502 II, 8. 2. 1 | 2003). The ECHI project: Health Indicators for the European
1503 II, 8. 2. 1 | European Journal of Public Health 13S: 101-6.~Lennox N, Beange
1504 II, 8. 2. 1 | 2005). Understanding Health Disparities and Inequities
1505 II, 8. 2. 1 | and Fisher (2006). Oral health status of people with intellectual
1506 II, 8. 2. 1 | Wehmeyer M (2005). Reducing health disparity in people with
1507 II, 8. 2. 1 | disabilities: A report from Health Issues Special Interest
1508 II, 8. 2. 1 | Schellevis, G.J. Dinant (2007). Health problems of people with
1509 II, 8. 2. 1 | 66.~Stegeman, I. (2006). Health Inequalities in the EU.
1510 II, 8. 2. 1 | Inequalities in the EU. TACKLING HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN THE EU:
1511 II, 8. 2. 1 | Walsh PN (2007): Developing health indicators for people with
1512 II, 8. 2. 1 | PN (in press): Managing health problems in persons with
1513 II, 8. 2. 1 | Lantman-de Valk HMJ (2003): Health indicators for people with
1514 II, 8. 2. 1 | perspective. Eur J Public Health 13: 47-50; doi:10.1093/eurpub/
1515 II, 8. 2. 1 | Report Developing a set of health indicators for people with
1516 II, 8. 2. 1 | 2, 3-4, 260-263.~World Health Organisation (2008) Mental
1517 II, 8. 2. 1 | Organisation (2008) Mental Health Gap Action Programme mhGAP –
1518 II, 8. 2. 1 | disorders WHO Geneva~World Health Organisation (2007). Atlas -
1519 II, 8. 2. 1 | Disabilities WHO, Geneva~World Health Organisation (2001) International
1520 II, 8. 2. 1 | Functioning, Disability and Health. ICF WHO, Geneva~World Health
1521 II, 8. 2. 1 | Health. ICF WHO, Geneva~World Health Organisation (2000). Ageing
1522 II, 8. 2. 1 | Ageing. Geneva: WHO~World Health Organisation (1992). The
1523 II, 8. 2. 1 | Revision. Geneva, World Health Organisation.~ ~
1524 II, 8. 2. 1 | Surveys (DIS)~EHSS~European Health Survey System)~HIS~Health
1525 II, 8. 2. 1 | Health Survey System)~HIS~Health Interview Survey~HES~Health
1526 II, 8. 2. 1 | Health Interview Survey~HES~Health Examination Survey~EUHSID~
1527 II, 8. 2. 1 | Survey~EUHSID~European Union Health Surveys Information Database~
1528 II, 8. 2. 1 | Functioning, Disability, and Health (2001).~WHO~World Health
1529 II, 8. 2. 1 | Health (2001).~WHO~World Health Organisation~ ~
1530 II, 8. 2. 2 | at community and public health level; non-availability
1531 II, 8. 2. 2 | running medical and allied health services, pharmaceuticals,
1532 II, 8. 2. 2 | and integrated into school health programmes; the need should
1533 II, 8. 2. 2 | partnership between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the
1534 II, 8. 2. 2 | In May 2006, the World Health Assembly adopted Resolution
1535 II, 8. 2. 2 | well-monitored national health systems.~ ~To accelerate
1536 II, 8. 2. 2 | was submitted to the World Health Assembly in 2006.~ ~
1537 II, 8. 2. 2 | 2004): Fifteen years of eye health care service transition
1538 II, 8. 2. 2 | Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper
1539 II, 8. 2. 2 | 2002. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82:844-851~
1540 II, 8. 2. 2 | 2004 Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86:63–70.~Thylefors
1541 II, 8. 2. 2 | blindness. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1995;73(1):
1542 II, 8. 2. 3 | WHO (2002): The World Health Report (on-line publication
1543 II, 8. 2. 3 | Functioning, Disability, and Health (2001).~LFS:~EU Labour Force
1544 II, 8. 2. 3 | Survey~LSHPD:~long standing health problem or disability~MEHM:~
1545 II, 8. 2. 3 | disability~MEHM:~Minimum European Health Module~ESS:~European Statistical
1546 II, 8. 2. 3 | Integration~EHSS:~European Health Survey System~ ~ ~
1547 II, 9 | 9.~MAIN HEALTH ISSUES AND TRENDS FOR DIFFERENT
1548 II, 9 | chapter deals with the main health issues and trends concerning
1549 II, 9 | adults and elderly). The main health issues of these different
1550 II, 9 | for newborns and perinatal health~ ~High maternal age at delivery.
1551 II, 9 | maternal age and perinatal health outcomes is U-shaped and
1552 II, 9 | associated with social and health care factors, including
1553 II, 9 | effective antenatal preventive health services. Finally, perinatal
1554 II, 9 | services. Finally, perinatal health outcomes are linked to social
1555 II, 9 | Environment. Children and their health are initially significantly
1556 II, 9 | well-known as influencing health, well-being and development.
1557 II, 9 | level have a higher risk of health problems that children of
1558 II, 9 | Commission, 2003). Poor health behaviour in a mother can
1559 II, 9 | can influence the future health of her child. There is a
1560 II, 9 | Section 10.2).~ ~Sexual health and behaviour. Sexual behaviour
1561 II, 9 | diseases and other reproductive health problems. Several risk factors
1562 II, 9 | attention to protect their health and their lives because
1563 II, 9 | infections are an important health problem for young girls
1564 II, 9 | HSBC report Young People’s Health in Context, only the 15
1565 II, 9 | to the survey on sexual health, as the questions were considered
1566 II, 9 | include questions on sexual health (WHO/HSBC, 2004).~ ~Inadequate
1567 II, 9 | the European Alcohol and Health Forum notes that 7.5% of
1568 II, 9 | vigorous exercise. The World Health Report 2002 estimates that
1569 II, 9 | physical inactivity.~ ~Ill health increases steadily with
1570 II, 9 | likely to suffer chronic health problems and resulting disability
1571 II, 9 | expectancy and ‘positive health experiences’ increase for
1572 II, 9 | to stable self-perceived health, and a delay in functional
1573 II, 9 | in the deterioration of health status and a reduced mortality
1574 II, 9 | shorter life span and poorer health in older age. Less well-off
1575 II, 9 | important determinants of health and outcome in the elderly (
1576 II, 9. 1 | Newborns and perinatal health.~ ~ ~ ~More than five million
1577 II, 9. 1 | challenges in perinatal health, namely: to maximise safety
1578 II, 9. 1 | reduce social inequalities in health and access to care, and
1579 II, 9. 1 | to care, and use limited health care resources effectively.
1580 II, 9. 1. 1 | focus on maternal and child health programmes in many countries
1581 II, 9. 1. 1 | development and use of perinatal health indicators. Today, perinatal,
1582 II, 9. 1. 1 | indicators of population health status. These rates, derived
1583 II, 9. 1. 1 | the available perinatal health data, however. As perinatal
1584 II, 9. 1. 1 | As perinatal and maternal health have improved, absolute
1585 II, 9. 1. 1 | declined and other measures of health status have become increasingly
1586 II, 9. 1. 1 | mortality or other measures of health status, have generated scepticism
1587 II, 9. 1. 1 | usefulness in comparing health status and quality of care (
1588 II, 9. 1. 1 | and describing perinatal health in Europe. The EURO-PERISTAT
1589 II, 9. 1. 1 | review of existing perinatal health indicators using a DELPHI
1590 II, 9. 1. 1 | fetal, neonatal and child health; maternal health; population
1591 II, 9. 1. 1 | and child health; maternal health; population characteristics
1592 II, 9. 1. 1 | characteristics and risk factors; and health services. Core indicators
1593 II, 9. 1. 1 | to monitoring perinatal health, recommended indicators
1594 II, 9. 1. 1 | complete picture of perinatal health across the member states,
1595 II, 9. 1. 1 | important aspects of perinatal health, but require additional
1596 II, 9. 1. 1 | development)~ ~Neonatal health~ C: Fetal mortality rate
1597 II, 9. 1. 1 | screening policies~Maternal health~ C: Maternal mortality ratio
1598 II, 9. 1. 1 | mothers' country of origin~Health care services~C: Distribution
1599 II, 9. 1. 1 | from existing international health databases are available
1600 II, 9. 1. 1 | key issues in perinatal health.~ ~
1601 II, 9. 1. 1 | for evaluating perinatal health outcomes. Very preterm babies
1602 II, 9. 1. 1 | highest rates of long-term health problems, including cerebral
1603 II, 9. 1. 1 | essential for monitoring the health of babies in the EU. The
1604 II, 9. 1. 1 | for long-term childhood health impairments because of its
1605 II, 9. 1. 1 | order to monitor perinatal health trends and understand the
1606 II, 9. 1. 1 | the section on maternal health.~ ~HealthCare~ ~Healthcare
1607 II, 9. 1. 1 | improve national and European health information systems in order
1608 II, 9. 1. 1 | systems in order to monitor health practices and policies.~ ~
1609 II, 9. 1. 1 | life-course approach to our health begins at conception – or
1610 II, 9. 1. 1 | dividends in overall population health.~ ~Further information regarding
1611 II, 9. 1. 1 | Lindmark G (2003): Maternal health outcomes in Europe. Eur
1612 II, 9. 1. 1 | certificates. Am J Public Health 1992;82(2):257-61.~ ~Blondel
1613 II, 9. 1. 1 | comparing quality of perinatal health services between countries.
1614 II, 9. 1. 1 | mortality. Fetal and Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian
1615 II, 9. 1. 1 | mortality. Fetal and Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian
1616 II, 9. 1. 1 | England and Wales, 1976-2000. Health Stat Q 2004(24):14-22.~Olausson
1617 II, 9. 1. 1 | Control; National Center for Health Statistics, 1992.~ ~Van
1618 II, 9. 1. 1 | and evaluating perinatal health in Europe: criteria, methods
1619 II, 9. 1. 2 | represent an important public health issue in terms of~· impact
1620 II, 9. 1. 2 | Moreover, protecting the health of adults and children is
1621 II, 9. 1. 2 | necessarily enough to protect the health of the foetus; thus, foetuses
1622 II, 9. 1. 2 | special status in public health policy.~ ~Within Europe,
1623 II, 9. 1. 2 | ignored in the wider public health agenda due to their individual
1624 II, 9. 1. 2 | always enough information in health service records to distinguish
1625 II, 9. 1. 2 | can also be influenced by health service factors (e.g. the
1626 II, 9. 1. 2 | and usually do not cover health service episodes on an outpatient
1627 II, 9. 1. 2 | for newborns and perinatal health~ ~ ~High maternal age at
1628 II, 9. 1. 2 | maternal age and perinatal health outcomes is U-shaped and
1629 II, 9. 1. 2 | associated with social and health care factors, including
1630 II, 9. 1. 2 | effective antenatal preventive health services. Finally, perinatal
1631 II, 9. 1. 2 | services. Finally, perinatal health outcomes are linked to social
1632 II, 9. 1. 2 | place to put changes in the health services into effect.~ ~
1633 II, 9. 1. 2 | Green et al, 2004).~ ~Public health initiatives and policies~ ~
1634 II, 9. 1. 2 | straddle different public health agendas – rare diseases,
1635 II, 9. 1. 2 | rare diseases, peri-natal and child health, environmental health and
1636 II, 9. 1. 2 | child health, environmental health and major health determinants.
1637 II, 9. 1. 2 | environmental health and major health determinants. Funding for
1638 II, 9. 1. 2 | Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection,
1639 II, 9. 1. 2 | Protection, under its Public Health Programme, as a component
1640 II, 9. 1. 2 | response to European public health questions and share expertise
1641 II, 9. 1. 2 | The rare disease public health agenda, however, is mainly
1642 II, 9. 1. 2 | sources generated by the health system. There are many areas
1643 II, 9. 1. 2 | improvement in underlying health information systems across
1644 II, 9. 1. 2 | linkage between different health information systems using
1645 II, 9. 1. 2 | creation of European public health information.~ ~Little information
1646 II, 9. 1. 2 | their place in the public health agenda.~ ~Risk factors for
1647 II, 9. 1. 2 | lifestyle” determinants of ill health in the population, such
1648 II, 9. 1. 2 | strategy to tackle these health determinants should pay
1649 II, 9. 1. 2 | strategy and may have other health benefits.~ ~d) Public health
1650 II, 9. 1. 2 | health benefits.~ ~d) Public health measures should have regard
1651 II, 9. 1. 2 | environmental pollution.~ ~e) Public health measures aimed at migrants
1652 II, 9. 1. 2 | their families in terms of health, quality of life and participation.~ ~
1653 II, 9. 1. 2 | of Work & Environmental Health, Vol 18, pp 11-17.~De Walle
1654 II, 9. 1. 2 | Hypospadias", Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 112, No
1655 II, 9. 1. 2 | Environmental Pollution on Health", British Medical Bulletin,
1656 II, 9. 1. 2 | Epidemiology & Community Health, Vol 45, No 1, pp 52-58.~
1657 II, 9. 1. 2 | A (2007): "Survival and Health in Liveborn Infants with
1658 II, 9. 2. 1 | dependant upon adults for their health and well being. Even as
1659 II, 9. 2. 1 | including education and health services and wider facilities
1660 II, 9. 2. 1 | drinking patterns.~ ~Child health covers maintaining the health,
1661 II, 9. 2. 1 | health covers maintaining the health, and supporting optimal
1662 II, 9. 2. 1 | physical, mental, and social health. Areas of development include
1663 II, 9. 2. 1 | critical determinant for health and development in adolescence
1664 II, 9. 2. 1 | Good physical and mental health, as well as the knowledge
1665 II, 9. 2. 1 | therefore preventable. Such health related problems include
1666 II, 9. 2. 1 | diet is essential for child health as it influences both physical
1667 II, 9. 2. 1 | physical activity is essential for health and development, as well
1668 II, 9. 2. 1 | young people rate their health across Europe varies. Girls
1669 II, 9. 2. 1 | than boys to report poorer health in all countries and regions.
1670 II, 9. 2. 1 | Reported levels of poorer health among 15-year-old girls
1671 II, 9. 2. 1 | HSBC, 2004).~ ~The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional
1672 II, 9. 2. 1 | for Child and Adolescent Health and Development, which all
1673 II, 9. 2. 1 | declared priority in child health. An earlier and still ongoing
1674 II, 9. 2. 1 | Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (
1675 II, 9. 2. 1 | endorsed by all European Health Ministers.~ ~Both Child
1676 II, 9. 2. 1 | Both Child and Adolescent Health and Development Strategy
1677 II, 9. 2. 2 | commission funded the public health information project Child
1678 II, 9. 2. 2 | information project Child Health Indicators of Life and Development (
1679 II, 9. 2. 2 | to focus measurement on health and the prevention of ill
1680 II, 9. 2. 2 | and the prevention of ill health, and the determinants of
1681 II, 9. 2. 2 | European report on child public health was the WHO European Health
1682 II, 9. 2. 2 | health was the WHO European Health Report 2005, subtitled “
1683 II, 9. 2. 2 | 2005, subtitled “Public Health Action for Healthier Children
1684 II, 9. 2. 2 | its compilation the World Health Organisation Regional Office
1685 II, 9. 2. 2 | indicators, together with WHO Health For All data relating to
1686 II, 9. 2. 2 | apparent priority of child health for the European Commission
1687 II, 9. 2. 2 | Commission and the World Health Organisation, a major information
1688 II, 9. 2. 2 | State of Young People’s Health in the EU, using the limited
1689 II, 9. 2. 2 | understanding of children’s health and related pressures and
1690 II, 9. 2. 2 | systems. It has a specific health and public health function,
1691 II, 9. 2. 2 | specific health and public health function, and coordinates
1692 II, 9. 2. 2 | Office): The specialist health agency of the United Nations,
1693 II, 9. 2. 2 | equally the 50+ States. The Health For All database is comprehensive
1694 II, 9. 2. 2 | Directorates-General, not least that of Health and Consumer Protection.
1695 II, 9. 2. 2 | children and which may have health impacts. Such DGs commission
1696 II, 9. 2. 2 | of issues on children’s health. (Web link - ec.europa.eu/
1697 II, 9. 2. 2 | epidemiological or public health tool, but it can provide
1698 II, 9. 2. 2 | data-rich regarding that child health inequalities topic in a
1699 II, 9. 2. 2 | with the OECD in public health projects, so that data from
1700 II, 9. 2. 2 | data. (Web link – ww ~ ~Health Behaviour in School-aged
1701 II, 9. 2. 2 | yearly basis, reviewing health in currently 35 countries
1702 II, 9. 2. 2 | factors influencing the health of adolescents aged 11,
1703 II, 9. 2. 2 | and household surveys, and health interview and health examination
1704 II, 9. 2. 2 | and health interview and health examination studies, are
1705 II, 9. 2. 2 | are important sources of health data. However, though households
1706 II, 9. 2. 2 | European countries run regular health interview surveys to monitor
1707 II, 9. 2. 2 | surveys to monitor population health, many were set up before
1708 II, 9. 2. 2 | instruments for measuring health status in different languages
1709 II, 9. 2. 2 | and what is their state of health? Worryingly, neither of
1710 II, 9. 2. 2 | purposes, population and health data are grouped into five-year
1711 II, 9. 2. 2 | highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the
1712 II, 9. 2. 2 | illness and rehabilitation of health” (United Nations, 1989).~ ~
1713 II, 9. 2. 2 | consumption patterns, sexual health practices, and other patterns
1714 II, 9. 2. 2 | period of onset of specific health conditions. Arguably this
1715 II, 9. 2. 2 | wider ways to their own health and wellbeing and that of
1716 II, 9. 2. 2 | national population and health statistics.~ ~Gaps in data:
1717 II, 9. 2. 2 | major deficit in public health knowledge in Europe is how
1718 II, 9. 2. 2 | reporting on a particular health outcome. Food and alcohol
1719 II, 9. 2. 2 | standardising questions in Health Interview Health Examination
1720 II, 9. 2. 2 | questions in Health Interview Health Examination Surveys, as
1721 II, 9. 2. 2 | child-orientation in European public health and statistical work.~ ~ ~
1722 II, 9. 2. 3 | However, for the WHO European Health Report (WHO 2005b), the
1723 II, 9. 2. 3 | children, but no public health data on the latter. Though
1724 II, 9. 2. 3 | latter. Though the World Health Organization (2002) has
1725 II, 9. 2. 3 | Functioning, Disability and Health - and has also developed
1726 II, 9. 2. 3 | means of seeking public health reporting of the number
1727 II, 9. 2. 3 | society. In the Young People’s Health in Context study (HBSC,
1728 II, 9. 2. 3 | adversely affects mental health and development.~ ~Abuse:
1729 II, 9. 2. 3 | in chapter “9.3.3. Sexual health”~ ~Sexually transmitted
1730 II, 9. 2. 3 | infections are an important health problem for young girls
1731 II, 9. 2. 3 | precautions to protect their health (WHO 2005c)(see also Chapter
1732 II, 9. 2. 3 | in November 2006 the UK Health Protection Agency warned
1733 II, 9. 2. 3 | jeopardise their current health and wellbeing, and in many
1734 II, 9. 2. 3 | also impacts their future health in adulthood, their economic
1735 II, 9. 2. 3 | caring capacity - including health parenthood - and longevity.
1736 II, 9. 2. 3 | Jackson-Leach, 2006)).~ ~The World Health Organisation is so concerned
1737 II, 9. 2. 3 | organised a conference of Health Ministers to address this
1738 II, 9. 2. 3 | remarkably little standard public health information available, particularly
1739 II, 9. 2. 3 | exercise – practical public health issues which are not currently
1740 II, 9. 2. 3 | Neumark-Sztainer et al 2004).~ ~Mental Health: Mental illnesses pose an
1741 II, 9. 2. 3 | development delay. Mental health policy concerning children
1742 II, 9. 2. 3 | EU Green Paper on Mental Health makes only limited mention
1743 II, 9. 2. 3 | WHO, 2005a).~ ~Good mental health, as much as good physical
1744 II, 9. 2. 3 | as much as good physical health, is a right for European
1745 II, 9. 2. 3 | not know well the mental health of European children. This
1746 II, 9. 2. 3 | be justified. But mental health is not well represented –
1747 II, 9. 2. 3 | aspects of children’s mental health uncovered. As an outcome
1748 II, 9. 2. 3 | older children to mental health and counselling services –
1749 II, 9. 2. 3 | expect access to good mental health services when they need
1750 II, 9. 2. 3 | a Green Paper on Mental Health. Although the paper contains
1751 II, 9. 2. 3 | reference to children’s mental health needs and services, there
1752 II, 9. 2. 3 | seeking to ensure good mental health, according to the WHO definition.
1753 II, 9. 2. 3 | definition. Data from the Health Behaviour in a School-aged
1754 II, 9. 2. 3 | marker of adverse mental health, and is becoming a complex
1755 II, 9. 2. 4 | identified for children health (see Table 9.1b.). Equally
1756 II, 9. 2. 4 | Environment. Children and their health are initially significantly
1757 II, 9. 2. 4 | well-known as influencing health, well-being and development.
1758 II, 9. 2. 4 | level have a higher risk of health problems that children of
1759 II, 9. 2. 4 | Commission, 2003). Poor health behaviour in a mother can
1760 II, 9. 2. 4 | can influence the future health of her child. There is a
1761 II, 9. 2. 4 | Section 10.2).~ ~Sexual health and behaviour. Sexual behaviour
1762 II, 9. 2. 4 | diseases and other reproductive health problems. Several risk factors
1763 II, 9. 2. 4 | attention to protect their health and their lives because
1764 II, 9. 2. 4 | infections are an important health problem for young girls
1765 II, 9. 2. 4 | HSBC report Young People’s Health in Context, only the 15
1766 II, 9. 2. 4 | to the survey on sexual health, as the questions were considered
1767 II, 9. 2. 4 | include questions on sexual health (WHO/HSBC, 2004).~ ~Inadequate
1768 II, 9. 2. 5 | Chapter 5 and for specific health determinants in Chapter
1769 II, 9. 2. 5 | important role in the child health service. There are several
1770 II, 9. 2. 5 | subsidiary principal of health services, there are many
1771 II, 9. 2. 5 | States in many aspects of health and healthcare, there seems
1772 II, 9. 2. 5 | children and young people’s health has been limited due to
1773 II, 9. 2. 5 | Commission reported on the health status of young people (
1774 II, 9. 2. 5 | Commission’s 2005 Public Health Work Plan, defined within
1775 II, 9. 2. 5 | Action Programme in Public Health 2003-2008 (European Parliament
1776 II, 9. 2. 5 | Diet, Physical activity and Health in 2005, bringing key stakeholders
1777 II, 9. 2. 5 | impact.~ ~Health21, the health for all policy framework
1778 II, 9. 2. 5 | economic factors that influence health and lead to disparities
1779 II, 9. 2. 5 | It calls for action: ‘the health gap between socioeconomic
1780 II, 9. 2. 5 | substantially improving the level of health of disadvantaged groups’ (
1781 II, 9. 2. 5 | on child and adolescent health and development: this programme
1782 II, 9. 2. 5 | programme works to promote the health of children, adolescents
1783 II, 9. 2. 5 | to design and carry out health programmes that are in line
1784 II, 9. 2. 5 | for Child and Adolescent Health and Development (WHO 2005a),
1785 II, 9. 2. 5 | Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (
1786 II, 9. 2. 5 | factors that most affect the health of European children (WHO,
1787 II, 9. 2. 5 | Conference on Environment and Health (2004) on "The future for
1788 II, 9. 2. 5 | commitments on children's health and environment and focuses
1789 II, 9. 2. 5 | protect and promote children’s health is the EU “Environment and
1790 II, 9. 2. 5 | the EU “Environment and Health Action plan 2007-2010” (
1791 II, 9. 2. 6 | developments~ ~EU influence on the health of children and young people
1792 II, 9. 2. 6 | Moreover, and importantly, the health sector and health services
1793 II, 9. 2. 6 | importantly, the health sector and health services are not the only
1794 II, 9. 2. 6 | the only determinants of health – indeed, they arguably
1795 II, 9. 2. 6 | an impact on children’s health. Hence, the recent European
1796 II, 9. 2. 6 | thrust towards considering Health in All Policies, not least
1797 II, 9. 2. 6 | Community Action in the Field of Health 2008-2013 (European Parliament
1798 II, 9. 2. 6 | specifically includes children’s health.~ ~Top priorities / key
1799 II, 9. 2. 6 | number of important child health information initiatives
1800 II, 9. 2. 6 | child safety and perinatal health. Given that background,
1801 II, 9. 2. 6 | Measuring and monitoring health, well being and morbidity
1802 II, 9. 2. 6 | to study the pattern of health of children, their physical
1803 II, 9. 2. 6 | also essential to focus on health and well being of children,
1804 II, 9. 2. 6 | coverage of positive mental health and measurement of mental
1805 II, 9. 2. 6 | measurement of the problem.~ ~The health of the child begins in the
1806 II, 9. 2. 6 | behaviour are major child health determinants. Attention
1807 II, 9. 2. 6 | economic determinants of health. These should include the
1808 II, 9. 2. 6 | outbreaks.~ ~In later life, the health and development of children
1809 II, 9. 2. 6 | pressures. Promotion of health and healthy lifestyles and
1810 II, 9. 2. 7 | Obesity in Children in Europe, Health and Consumer Protection
1811 II, 9. 2. 7 | Council Conclusions on Health in All Policies (HiAP),
1812 II, 9. 2. 7 | Common Framework To Measure Health Status. Eurostat/European
1813 II, 9. 2. 7 | European Agency for Safety and Health at Work: Young People. Data
1814 II, 9. 2. 7 | state of young people’s health in the EU. European Commission
1815 II, 9. 2. 7 | Services Working Paper. DG Health and Consumer protection,
1816 II, 9. 2. 7 | European Commission (2003): The Health Status of the European Union —
1817 II, 9. 2. 7 | European Union — Narrowing the health gap. Office for Official
1818 II, 9. 2. 7 | The European Environment & Health Action Plan 2004-2010” COM(
1819 II, 9. 2. 7 | 2005a): Improving the mental health of the population: Towards
1820 II, 9. 2. 7 | Towards a strategy on mental health for the European Union.
1821 II, 9. 2. 7 | Physical activity, and Health: Synopsis of Commitments.
1822 II, 9. 2. 7 | 2006. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/
1823 II, 9. 2. 7 | Paper - Improving the mental health of the population: Towards
1824 II, 9. 2. 7 | Towards a strategy on mental health for the European Union,
1825 II, 9. 2. 7 | European Commission (2006d): Health and Food, Special Eurobarometer
1826 II, 9. 2. 7 | Overweight and Obesity related health issues - COM(2007) 279 final.
1827 II, 9. 2. 7 | action in the field of public health (2003-2008), OJ No L 271,
1828 II, 9. 2. 7 | Community action in the field of health (2008-13), OJ No L 301,
1829 II, 9. 2. 7 | 2007.~ ~Eurostat (2002): Health Statistics - Key data on
1830 II, 9. 2. 7 | Statistics - Key data on health. European Commission, Luxembourg~ ~
1831 II, 9. 2. 7 | HBSC (2004): Young people’s health in context. Health Behaviour
1832 II, 9. 2. 7 | people’s health in context. Health Behaviour in School-aged
1833 II, 9. 2. 7 | for Europe, Copenhagen.~ ~Health Protection Agency (HPA) (
1834 II, 9. 2. 7 | 1996): Birthweight and health and development at the age
1835 II, 9. 2. 7 | age of 7 years. Child Care Health Dev. 22:55-71.~ ~Neumark-Sztainer
1836 II, 9. 2. 7 | Journal of Adolescent Health; 35(5):350-9, November 2004~ ~
1837 II, 9. 2. 7 | Leppo K (eds.) (2006): Health in All Policies – Potential
1838 II, 9. 2. 7 | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki.~ ~UNICEF (1991):
1839 II, 9. 2. 7 | HBSC (2004); Young people’s health in context: Health Behaviour
1840 II, 9. 2. 7 | people’s health in context: Health Behaviour in School-aged
1841 II, 9. 2. 7 | for Europe: Health21 - The health for all policy framework
1842 II, 9. 2. 7 | Functioning, Disability and Health; WHO, Geneva.~ ~WHO (2004):
1843 II, 9. 2. 7 | Children's Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (
1844 II, 9. 2. 7 | for Child and Adolescent Health and Development; WHO European
1845 II, 9. 2. 7 | WHO (2005b): The European Health Report: Public health action
1846 II, 9. 2. 7 | European Health Report: Public health action for healthier children
1847 II, 9. 2. 7 | Fact sheet EURO/06/05: The health of children and adolescents
1848 II, 9. 2. 7 | adolescents in Europe: World Health Organization, Copenhagen,
1849 II, 9. 2. 7 | Office for Europe: Children’s Health and Environment Available
1850 II, 9. 2. 7 | Office for Europe: Children’s Health and Environment. Injuries.~
1851 II, 9. 2. 8 | Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe~ISAAC~
1852 II, 9. 3. 1 | 9.3.1 General health conditions~ ~For information
1853 II, 9. 3. 1 | from very few male specific health risks in early and middle
1854 II, 9. 3. 1 | variations seen in men’s health or the effect of socio-economic
1855 II, 9. 3. 1 | affecting differentially the health status of men and women
1856 II, 9. 3. 1 | focused on men and their health much before the mid 1990’
1857 II, 9. 3. 1 | made on the status of men’s health across Europe (White & Cash,
1858 II, 9. 3. 1 | intended to clarify why man’s health is so much more at risk
1859 II, 9. 3. 1 | more at risk than women’s health.~ ~Even some male specific
1860 II, 9. 3. 1 | moving to women’s specific health problems, menopause is a
1861 II, 9. 3. 1 | it is often associated to health complaints, a decrease in
1862 II, 9. 3. 1 | should assess a woman’s health and her need for health promotion
1863 II, 9. 3. 1 | as to whether changes in health occurring during the climacteric
1864 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Union, the World Health Organization (WHO), and
1865 II, 9. 3. 1 | NGOs working in specific health fields, supported by excerpts
1866 II, 9. 3. 1 | explicitly looked at women and health on a European scale and
1867 II, 9. 3. 1 | EU funded report on men’s health. To date the only study
1868 II, 9. 3. 1 | that has looked at men’s health across Europe was commissioned
1869 II, 9. 3. 1 | commissioned by the European Men’s Health Forum (White & Cash 2003).~ ~
1870 II, 9. 3. 1 | instruments for measuring health status in different languages
1871 II, 9. 3. 1 | Position Paper on “Women’s Health and Menopause: a comprehensive
1872 II, 9. 3. 1 | body. (European Agency for Health and Safety at Work, 2007).
1873 II, 9. 3. 1 | HFA-DB, 2006).~ ~Mental health, psychiatric and neurological
1874 II, 9. 3. 1 | suffered some form of mental health problem ranging from mild
1875 II, 9. 3. 1 | the experience of mental health problems related to childbearing,
1876 II, 9. 3. 1 | in the patterns of mental health experienced by men and women.
1877 II, 9. 3. 1 | EU economy of mental ill health is estimated to be equivalent
1878 II, 9. 3. 1 | even quite severe mental health problems in paid employment,
1879 II, 9. 3. 1 | people with long-term mental health problems are working, a
1880 II, 9. 3. 1 | excluded from society (Mental Health Europe).~ ~Some Member States
1881 II, 9. 3. 1 | individuals with mental health problems. Countries such
1882 II, 9. 3. 1 | further impacts on mental health.~ ~Women are more likely
1883 II, 9. 3. 1 | from emotional and mental health problems display different
1884 II, 9. 3. 1 | reported in the European Mental Health Report (2004) and helps
1885 II, 9. 3. 1 | disease (European Men’s Health Forum, 2005). CVD tends
1886 II, 9. 3. 1 | years according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), and
1887 II, 9. 3. 1 | seen as a greater threat to health than that posed by smoking (
1888 II, 9. 3. 1 | intravenous drug use. The public health impact is now becoming visible
1889 II, 9. 3. 1 | HIV/AIDS both as a public health issue, and as a symptom
1890 II, 9. 3. 1 | treatment and severity of the health repercussions from such
1891 II, 9. 3. 1 | In November 2006, the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA)
1892 II, 9. 3. 1 | 1995-97 (WHO, 2001). The health consequences of the human
1893 II, 9. 3. 1 | sources, which link population health surveys with other health
1894 II, 9. 3. 1 | health surveys with other health data estimating the prevalence/
1895 II, 9. 3. 1 | partner, partner’s age and health, length of the relationship,
1896 II, 9. 3. 1 | physical or psychological ill health, stressors, employment,
1897 II, 9. 3. 1 | Osteoporosis is a major public health problem through its association
1898 II, 9. 3. 1 | Brain function, mental health, and eye. The CNS and eye
1899 II, 9. 3. 1 | is highly influenced by health status. The presence of
1900 II, 9. 3. 1 | the European Alcohol and Health Forum notes that 7.5% of
1901 II, 9. 3. 1 | vigorous exercise. The World Health Report 2002 estimates that
1902 II, 9. 3. 1 | physical inactivity.~ ~Ill health increases steadily with
1903 II, 9. 3. 1 | likely to suffer chronic health problems and resulting disability
1904 II, 9. 3. 1 | expectancy and ‘positive health experiences’ increase for
1905 II, 9. 3. 1 | Chapter 5 and for specific health determinants in Chapter
1906 II, 9. 3. 1 | 10. For issues concerning health services see Chapter 11.~ ~
1907 II, 9. 3. 1 | prevention and responses to health threats. They have also
1908 II, 9. 3. 1 | foster co-operation between health systems. The implementation
1909 II, 9. 3. 1 | The process of gender and health impact assessments of all
1910 II, 9. 3. 1 | good quality research and health services will be obtained
1911 II, 9. 3. 1 | menopausal symptoms and health risks associated with menopause.
1912 II, 9. 3. 1 | the importance of women’s health and well-being.~ ~
1913 II, 9. 3. 1 | Austbury J: (2002): Mental Health ‘Gender Bias, Social Position,
1914 II, 9. 3. 1 | Engendering International Health: The Challenge of Equity. (
1915 II, 9. 3. 1 | Epidemiology & Community Health. 54(5): 328-332~ ~Brown
1916 II, 9. 3. 1 | Common Framework To Measure Health Status. Eurostat/European
1917 II, 9. 3. 1 | Framework for Designing National Health Policies with an Integrated
1918 II, 9. 3. 1 | Gender Perspective into the Health Sector (UN doc. EGM/Health/
1919 II, 9. 3. 1 | Health Sector (UN doc. EGM/Health/1998/Report). Presented
1920 II, 9. 3. 1 | Group Meeting on Women and Health, Tunisia, 28 September to
1921 II, 9. 3. 1 | 2004a): The State of Mental Health in the European Union. Health &
1922 II, 9. 3. 1 | Health in the European Union. Health & Consumer Protection Directorate
1923 II, 9. 3. 1 | 6~ ~European Agency for Health and Safety at Work (2007): ht p (
1924 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Commission (2003): The Health Status of the European Union –
1925 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Union – Narrowing the Health Gap. Luxembourg~ ~European
1926 II, 9. 3. 1 | by combating the adverse health, social and economic consequences
1927 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Heart Network/European Health Management Association/Bristol-Myers
1928 II, 9. 3. 1 | Liimatainen M-R (2000): Mental health in the workplace: Introduction.
1929 II, 9. 3. 1 | male obesity and associated health problems IN White, A & Pettifer,
1930 II, 9. 3. 1 | Farah, RN, (Editors), Men's Health 2nd Ed. London: Taylor &
1931 II, 9. 3. 1 | Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland, ISSN 1236-2050,
1932 II, 9. 3. 1 | 00-2270-9 (PDF)~ ~Mental Health Europe (MHE): ht l (Article
1933 II, 9. 3. 1 | 1996): Birthweight and health and development at the age
1934 II, 9. 3. 1 | of 7 years. Child Care, Health & Development; 22(1): 55-
1935 II, 9. 3. 1 | National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference
1936 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Archives of environmental
1937 II, 9. 3. 1 | Archives of environmental health. Jan-Feb;57(1):48-52.~ ~
1938 II, 9. 3. 1 | gender sensitivity. Mental Health Review Journal, 11(4), 3-
1939 II, 9. 3. 1 | 2003): The state of men’s health across 17 European Countries.
1940 II, 9. 3. 1 | Brussels, The European Men’s Health Forum ISBN 1 – 898883 –
1941 II, 9. 3. 1 | 15-44. Journal of Men’s Health & Gender 3(2): 139-151~ ~
1942 II, 9. 3. 1 | global epidemic. The World Health Organisation, Geneva.~ ~
1943 II, 9. 3. 1 | 07)~ ~WHO HFA-DB (2006): Health for All Database: htt / (
1944 II, 9. 3. 1 | European Commission (2002): Health status overview for countries
1945 II, 9. 3. 1 | income countries. World Health Organization~ ~Wilkins D (
1946 II, 9. 3. 1 | Men and Cancer. The Men’s Health Forum: London,~ ~Wizemann
1947 II, 9. 3. 1 | biological contributions to human health: does sex matter? Washington,
1948 II, 9. 3. 1 | DG-SANCO~Director General for Health and Consumer Affairs~ED~
1949 II, 9. 3. 1 | International Network on Health Expectancy and the Disability
1950 II, 9. 3. 1 | Practitioner (Doctor)~HIA~Health impact Assessment~HIV~Human
1951 II, 9. 3. 1 | Programme on HIV/AIDS~WHO~World Health Organization~ ~
1952 II, 9. 3. 2 | 9.3.2. Maternal health~ ~
1953 II, 9. 3. 2 | considered a major marker of health system performance because
1954 II, 9. 3. 2 | sources relevant for maternal health have been presented in Chapter
1955 II, 9. 3. 2 | for monitoring maternal health, the maternal mortality
1956 II, 9. 3. 2 | order to monitor perinatal health trends - including those
1957 II, 9. 3. 2 | documented poorer perinatal health outcomes for migrant women.
1958 II, 9. 3. 2 | is an important task of health monitoring in the European
1959 II, 9. 3. 2 | understanding and comparisons of health in the perinatal period
1960 II, 9. 3. 2 | have an impact on their health (Van Reempts, 2007).~ ~A
1961 II, 9. 3. 2 | caesarean section, and also by health system characteristics including
1962 II, 9. 3. 2 | discharge. To assess the health impact of these trends towards
1963 II, 9. 3. 2 | the surveillance of the health of pregnant women is thus
1964 II, 9. 3. 2 | for identifying areas for health service improvement. Finally,
1965 II, 9. 3. 2 | the large improvements in health outcomes for mothers and
1966 II, 9. 3. 2 | Lindmark G (2003): Maternal health outcomes in Europe. Eur
1967 II, 9. 3. 2 | certificates. Am J Public Health 1992;82(2):257-61.~ ~Blondel
1968 II, 9. 3. 2 | comparing quality of perinatal health services between countries.
1969 II, 9. 3. 2 | mortality. Fetal and Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian
1970 II, 9. 3. 2 | England and Wales, 1976-2000. Health Stat Q 2004(24):14-22.~ ~
1971 II, 9. 3. 2 | al (2006): Reproductive health indicators in the European
1972 II, 9. 3. 2 | Control; National Center for Health Statistics, 1992.~ ~Van
1973 II, 9. 3. 2 | and evaluating perinatal health in Europe: criteria, methods
1974 II, 9. 3. 3 | 9.3.3. Sexual health~ ~
1975 II, 9. 3. 3 | to achievements of sexual health. Sexual behaviour usually
1976 II, 9. 3. 3 | influences different aspects of health, from sexual and reproductive
1977 II, 9. 3. 3 | sexual and reproductive health to mental health and injuries.
1978 II, 9. 3. 3 | reproductive health to mental health and injuries. The WHO estimates
1979 II, 9. 3. 3 | important global risk factor for health and has included “promoting
1980 II, 9. 3. 3 | included “promoting sexual health” as one of the five core
1981 II, 9. 3. 3 | first global Reproductive Health Strategy adopted by the
1982 II, 9. 3. 3 | adopted by the 57th World Health Assembly (WHO, 2004)~ ~Risky
1983 II, 9. 3. 3 | directly linked to other health determinants such as alcohol
1984 II, 9. 3. 3 | for what concerns sexual health, with sexual debut occurring
1985 II, 9. 3. 3 | interventions to improve sexual health.~ ~Several EU Member States
1986 II, 9. 3. 3 | groups.~· Comparative data on health of adolescents in 31 countries
1987 II, 9. 3. 3 | regions is presented in the Health Behaviour in School-aged
1988 II, 9. 3. 3 | included questions about sexual health, but these varied in scope
1989 II, 9. 3. 3 | did not include any sexual health questions.~· According to
1990 II, 9. 3. 3 | According to the European Health Interview and Health Examination
1991 II, 9. 3. 3 | European Health Interview and Health Examination Surveys database,
1992 II, 9. 3. 3 | sexual behaviour (European health interview and health surveys
1993 II, 9. 3. 3 | European health interview and health surveys database, 2007).~·
1994 II, 9. 3. 3 | priority given to sexual health on political agendas in
1995 II, 9. 3. 3 | the Irish Study of Sexual Health and Relationships, most
1996 II, 9. 3. 3 | for sexual behaviour and health outcomes in comparison to
1997 II, 9. 3. 3 | sexual behaviour and adverse health outcomes for both genders.~ ~
1998 II, 9. 3. 3 | may be very dangerous for health especially in relation to
1999 II, 9. 3. 3 | Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Europe that
2000 II, 9. 3. 3 | involvement of social as well as health sectors, and thus requires
