| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
2501 III, 10. 2. 1 | Health Assembly (2007) “Oral health: action plan for promotion
2502 III, 10. 2. 1 | measures to ensure that oral health is incorporated as appropriate
2503 III, 10. 2. 1 | into maternal and child health policies; (ii) to develop
2504 III, 10. 2. 1 | implement the promotion of oral health and prevention of oral disease
2505 III, 10. 2. 1 | issue from the European health Strategy (2007) underlined
2506 III, 10. 2. 1 | greater integration of oral health into general health promotion,
2507 III, 10. 2. 1 | necessary given that oral health itself is a determinant
2508 III, 10. 2. 1 | a determinant of general health. This implies a broader
2509 III, 10. 2. 1 | concept of the role of oral health professionals, also for
2510 III, 10. 2. 1 | and life conditions. Oral health inequalities are evident
2511 III, 10. 2. 1 | priorities and targets for health policies which broaden oral
2512 III, 10. 2. 1 | policies which broaden oral health goals from simply tackling
2513 III, 10. 2. 1 | quality of life, reduction of health inequalities, quality of
2514 III, 10. 2. 1 | and access to care. A EU health strategy should further
2515 III, 10. 2. 1 | coordinated action to promote oral health as an integral part of chronic
2516 III, 10. 2. 1 | influence the delivery of oral health services in countries and
2517 III, 10. 2. 1 | to offer essential oral health care within the context
2518 III, 10. 2. 1 | within the context of primary health programmes. These programmes
2519 III, 10. 2. 1 | programmes should meet the basic health needs of the population,
2520 III, 10. 2. 1 | patient referral~ ~Focusing on health risks is the key for preventing
2521 III, 10. 2. 1 | Thus, in relation to oral health, risk analysis focuses on
2522 III, 10. 2. 1 | environmental determinants of oral health is needed. For this approach
2523 III, 10. 2. 1 | sustainable changes in oral health, multi-sectoral working
2524 III, 10. 2. 1 | Stronger links in preschool health programs for oral health
2525 III, 10. 2. 1 | health programs for oral health education and services should
2526 III, 10. 2. 1 | establishment of preventive oral health programs, which mainly include
2527 III, 10. 2. 1 | potential to close the oral health gap in early childhood between
2528 III, 10. 2. 1 | the inequalities in oral health within the schools. There
2529 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevent disease and maintain health. With appropriate diet and
2530 III, 10. 2. 1 | behaviour that affects general health such as tobacco use, excessive
2531 III, 10. 2. 1 | influence oral and craniofacial health. These individual behaviours
2532 III, 10. 2. 1 | increasing awareness of oral health is observed among parents
2533 III, 10. 2. 1 | community programmes and within health care settings. Oral health
2534 III, 10. 2. 1 | health care settings. Oral health care providers can also
2535 III, 10. 2. 1 | there are profound oral health disparities across regions,
2536 III, 10. 2. 1 | age, gender or general health status. Although common
2537 III, 10. 2. 1 | countries, moreover, oral health care is not fully integrated
2538 III, 10. 2. 1 | into national or community health programmes.~ ~
2539 III, 10. 2. 1 | Bourgeois DM, Llodra JC, eds. Health Surveillance in Europe.
2540 III, 10. 2. 1 | Europe. European Global Oral Health Indicators Development Project.
2541 III, 10. 2. 1 | Pitts N, Norblad A (2005): Health surveillance in Europe.
2542 III, 10. 2. 1 | by European Global Oral Health Indicators Development Project.
2543 III, 10. 2. 1 | to OTC products for oral health in Europe: A Delphi Survey.
2544 III, 10. 2. 1 | s discussion paper for a health strategy”. CED, Bruxelles,
2545 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003): Changing oral health status of 6- and 12-year-old
2546 III, 10. 2. 1 | Portugal. Community Dent Health. 2003; 20:211-6.~ ~Euromonitor
2547 III, 10. 2. 1 | PE (2003): The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous
2548 III, 10. 2. 1 | continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the
2549 III, 10. 2. 1 | approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent
2550 III, 10. 2. 1 | to oral heath. Bull World Health Organ. 2005; 83: 661-669.~ ~
2551 III, 10. 2. 1 | Chestnutt IG and Steele JG. Oral health habits amongst children
2552 III, 10. 2. 1 | Resolution WHA60.17 “Oral health: action plan for promotion
2553 III, 10. 2. 1 | information series on School Health (document eleven) Oral health promotion:
2554 III, 10. 2. 1 | Geneva, Switzerland.~ ~World Health Organization. Fluorides
2555 III, 10. 2. 1 | Organization. Fluorides and Oral Health. WHO Technical Report Series
2556 III, 10. 2. 1 | Series 846. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994.~ ~
2557 III, 10. 2. 1 | emphasizes the connection with health by focusing on “any form
2558 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity that benefits health and functional capacity
2559 III, 10. 2. 1 | undue harm or risk”. To gain health benefits, at least half
2560 III, 10. 2. 1 | social benefits that affect health (WHO Regional Office for
2561 III, 10. 2. 1 | other types of positive health behaviour, such as healthy
2562 III, 10. 2. 1 | changes (UK Department of Health, 2004).~ ~Physical activity
2563 III, 10. 2. 1 | Physical activity is not just a public health issue; it also promotes
2564 III, 10. 2. 1 | has important potential health benefits (Andersen et al,
2565 III, 10. 2. 1 | EU countries~ ~The World Health Survey, a cross-sectional
2566 III, 10. 2. 1 | PAPI), is a comprehensive health survey with several modules,
2567 III, 10. 2. 1 | Eurobarometer 246 / Wave 64.3: Health and Food (TNS Opinion and
2568 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2006) is available.~ ~b) Health behaviour in school-aged
2569 III, 10. 2. 1 | HBSC, 2002): This survey of health behaviour among young people
2570 III, 10. 2. 1 | WHO, 2006a): The Swiss Health Survey shows that the proportion
2571 III, 10. 2. 1 | respectively (UK Department of Health, 2004).~ ~Children and adolescents~ ~
2572 III, 10. 2. 1 | Region, 2001/2002~ ~Impact on health and costs of physical inactivity~ ~
2573 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical inactivity~ ~The World health report 2002 (WHO, 2002)
2574 III, 10. 2. 1 | significant proportion of health expenditure is related to
2575 III, 10. 2. 1 | Estabrooks et al, 2003; UK Health Education Authority, 1995).
2576 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity as an important health determinant, there is now
2577 III, 10. 2. 1 | action. The magnitude of the health problems consequent to physical
2578 III, 10. 2. 1 | within and beyond public health. This implies strengthening
2579 III, 10. 2. 1 | imbalanced nutrition”~ ~World Health Organization~ ~At a side
2580 III, 10. 2. 1 | launched: Physical activity and health: evidence for action (WHO,
2581 III, 10. 2. 1 | The document Steps to health: a European framework to
2582 III, 10. 2. 1 | promote physical activity for health (WHO, 2007c) was one of
2583 III, 10. 2. 1 | celebration of the Move for Health Day (htt ). This framework
2584 III, 10. 2. 1 | part of a national public health agenda and through multisectoral
2585 III, 10. 2. 1 | Collaboration between the health and transport sectors in
2586 III, 10. 2. 1 | practitioners from the transport, health and environment sectors
2587 III, 10. 2. 1 | Children’s Environment and Health Programme for Europe (WHO,
2588 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2004c), the Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European
2589 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet, physical activity and health (European Commission, 2005a).
2590 III, 10. 2. 1 | Overweight and Obesity related health issues (European Commission,
2591 III, 10. 2. 1 | and maintaining people’s health. Available evidence indicates
2592 III, 10. 2. 1 | responsibility solely of the health, sport, leisure, work or
2593 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity.~ ~Public health programmes for physical activity
2594 III, 10. 2. 1 | necessary part of the public health response to current concerns
2595 III, 10. 2. 1 | Miller Y (2004): The public health potential of health enhancing
2596 III, 10. 2. 1 | public health potential of health enhancing physical activity.
2597 III, 10. 2. 1 | health-related research. Public Health Reports, 1985, 100:126-131.~ ~
2598 III, 10. 2. 1 | Requested by Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection
2599 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet, physical activity and health. Brussels, European Commission,
2600 III, 10. 2. 1 | Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection. [ht ~ ~
2601 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight and obesity related health issues. Brussels, Commission
2602 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1996): Exercise and mental health: a review. Journal of the
2603 III, 10. 2. 1 | of the Royal Society of Health, 116:7-13.~ ~Gordon-Larsen
2604 III, 10. 2. 1 | environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity
2605 III, 10. 2. 1 | people. Journal of Public Health Vol. 14(2):103-109.~ ~Greyling
2606 III, 10. 2. 1 | terveyskäyttäytyminen ja terveys, kevät [Health behaviour andhealth among
2607 III, 10. 2. 1 | Helsinki, National Public Health Institute.~ ~HBSC (2002):
2608 III, 10. 2. 1 | Institute.~ ~HBSC (2002): Health behaviour in school-aged
2609 III, 10. 2. 1 | school-aged children – A World Health Organization Collaborative
2610 III, 10. 2. 1 | Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss Council for Accident
2611 III, 10. 2. 1 | study. Journal of Public Health, 14(1):1–10.~ ~Sobal J,
2612 III, 10. 2. 1 | Eurobarometer 246 / Wave 64.3: Health and Food. Requested by Health
2613 III, 10. 2. 1 | Health and Food. Requested by Health and Consumer Protection
2614 III, 10. 2. 1 | Office for Europe: Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European
2615 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2002.~ ~UK Department of Health (2004): At least five a
2616 III, 10. 2. 1 | and its relationship to health. A report from the Chief
2617 III, 10. 2. 1 | Officer. London, Department of Health (htt f, accessed 28 July
2618 III, 10. 2. 1 | accessed 28 July 2006)~ ~UK Health Education Authority (1995):
2619 III, 10. 2. 1 | Education Authority (1995): Health update 5: physical activity.
2620 III, 10. 2. 1 | physical activity. London.~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (1986):
2621 III, 10. 2. 1 | Health Promotion. Ottawa. (ht ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2002):
2622 III, 10. 2. 1 | WHO) (2002): The World health report 2002 – Reducing risks,
2623 III, 10. 2. 1 | healthy life. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002 (htt ~ ~
2624 III, 10. 2. 1 | Organization, 2002 (htt ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2004a):
2625 III, 10. 2. 1 | Diet, Physical activity and Health. Geneva.~ ~World Health
2626 III, 10. 2. 1 | Health. Geneva.~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2004b):
2627 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2004b): Young people’s health and health-related behaviour.
2628 III, 10. 2. 1 | al., eds. Young people’s health in context. Health Behaviour
2629 III, 10. 2. 1 | people’s health in context. Health Behaviour in School-aged
2630 III, 10. 2. 1 | for Europe, 2004: 53–161 (Health Policy for Children and
2631 III, 10. 2. 1 | accessed 5 June 2007).~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2004c)
2632 III, 10. 2. 1 | Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe.
2633 III, 10. 2. 1 | Copenhagen (www ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2005):
2634 III, 10. 2. 1 | 050829_%20BCHP.pdf].~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006a):
2635 III, 10. 2. 1 | Physical activity and health: evidence for action. Copenhagen,
2636 III, 10. 2. 1 | for Europe. (ht ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006b):
2637 III, 10. 2. 1 | Europe, 2006 (www ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006c):
2638 III, 10. 2. 1 | accessed 5 June 2007).~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006d):
2639 III, 10. 2. 1 | Surveillance [web site]. World Health Organization, Geneva. (http://
2640 III, 10. 2. 1 | accessed 28 July 2006).~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006e)
2641 III, 10. 2. 1 | Copenhagen. (ht ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006f)
2642 III, 10. 2. 1 | Copenhagen. (ht ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2006g)
2643 III, 10. 2. 1 | Collaboration between the health and transport sectors in
2644 III, 10. 2. 1 | Copenhagen. [ht ~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2007a):
2645 III, 10. 2. 1 | Organization (WHO) (2007a): World Health Survey [htt ] (on-line publication,
2646 III, 10. 2. 1 | accessed 5 June 2007).~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2007b)
2647 III, 10. 2. 1 | accessed 9 May 2008).~ ~World Health Organization (WHO) (2007c)
2648 III, 10. 2. 1 | Office for Europe: Steps to health: a European framework to
2649 III, 10. 2. 1 | promote physical activity for health. Copenhagen (htt ~ ~
2650 III, 10. 2. 1 | Examination Survey~EHIS~European Health Interview Survey~EHN~European
2651 III, 10. 2. 1 | requirement for enjoying good health.~ ~There are a number of
2652 III, 10. 2. 1 | million life-years of ill health every year in the WHO Europe
2653 III, 10. 2. 1 | the most serious public health challenges for the 21st
2654 III, 10. 2. 1 | lost. Many obesity-related health conditions once thought
2655 III, 10. 2. 1 | obese.~ ~ ~Apart from the health consequences, overweight
2656 III, 10. 2. 1 | accounts for up to 7% of health care costs and this amount
2657 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2007a; Branca et al, 2007b): health expenditure per inhabitant
2658 III, 10. 2. 1 | separately England (Department of Health, 2006; Jotangia et al, 2005),
2659 III, 10. 2. 1(21)| Slovakia (National Public Health Authority, 2004; Novakova,
2660 III, 10. 2. 1(22)| Luxembourg (Direction of Health, 2004), Poland (Szponar
2661 III, 10. 2. 1(22)| Slovakia (National Public Health Authoriy, 2004; Novakova,
2662 III, 10. 2. 1 | Koskinen, 2004Direction of Health, 2004; do Carmo et al, 2006;
2663 III, 10. 2. 1 | Frelut, 2003; National Public Health Authority, 2004; Novakova,
2664 III, 10. 2. 1 | Obésité, 2006; Institute of Health Information and Statistics,
2665 III, 10. 2. 1 | et al 2003; Ministry of Health and Consumption and Institute
2666 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute for Health Development, 2007; Pudule
2667 III, 10. 2. 1 | Survey in Poland. Public Health Nutr., 2001, 4, 5(B), p.
2668 III, 10. 2. 1 | are relevant indicators of health.~ ~An important outcome
2669 III, 10. 2. 1 | first European Nutrition and Health Report 2004 (ENHR) coordinated
2670 III, 10. 2. 1(24)| Czech Republic (Institute of Health Information and Statistics,
2671 III, 10. 2. 1(24)| National Institute for Health Development, 2005), Finland (
2672 III, 10. 2. 1(24)| 2004), Spain (Ministry of Health and Consumption and Institute
2673 III, 10. 2. 1 | 15.2%) (National Public Health Authority, 2004; Novakova,
2674 III, 10. 2. 1 | English (66.5%) (Department of Health, 2006) and Scottish (Bromley
2675 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute for Health Development, 2005) had the
2676 III, 10. 2. 1 | England (UK) (Department of Health, 2006) and Scotland (UK) (
2677 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003 to 2006) (Ministry of Health and Consumption and National
2678 III, 10. 2. 1 | Institute, 2004; Ministry of Health and Consumption and Institute
2679 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health, 2001) and Hungary (0.6
2680 III, 10. 2. 1 | may directly affect the health of disadvantaged people,
2681 III, 10. 2. 1 | to differential access to health promoting environments or
2682 III, 10. 2. 1 | perceived inequalities have on health (Mackenbach and Kunst, 1994;
2683 III, 10. 2. 1 | Johannsson et al, 2006).~ ~Health impact~ ~Overweight and
2684 III, 10. 2. 1 | Swedish Institute of Public Health concludes that in the EU,
2685 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health, 1997). A similar figure
2686 III, 10. 2. 1 | was found for the World Health Organization (WHO) European
2687 III, 10. 2. 1 | million life-years of ill health every year (WHO, 2002) In
2688 III, 10. 2. 1 | practitioners and public health workers with special regard
2689 III, 10. 2. 1 | necessary to maintain bone health. This is of particular importance
2690 III, 10. 2. 1 | anaemia amounts to almost 10%. Health problems arising are impaired
2691 III, 10. 2. 1 | influences the offspring’s health in adulthood.~ ~Children
2692 III, 10. 2. 1 | significant effects on wellbeing, health and performance. Therefore,
2693 III, 10. 2. 1 | special attention of public health workers to improve the health
2694 III, 10. 2. 1 | health workers to improve the health of the population.~ ~No
2695 III, 10. 2. 1 | essential for maintaining health under all conditions, with
2696 III, 10. 2. 1 | policies~ ~The magnitude of the health problems consequent to unhealthy
2697 III, 10. 2. 1 | within and beyond public health. This implies strengthening
2698 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Council Resolution on “Health and Nutrition” (European
2699 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet, physical activity and health (WHO, 2004)~· EU Platform
2700 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet, physical activity and health (European Commission, 2005a).
2701 III, 10. 2. 1 | Overweight and Obesity Related to Health Issues” (European Commission,
2702 III, 10. 2. 1 | the benefits for public health. This implies addressing
2703 III, 10. 2. 1 | and targets to reduce the health burden related to food and
2704 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight and obesity-related health issues~ ~The Commission
2705 III, 10. 2. 1 | nutrition action plans or public health strategies dealing with
2706 III, 10. 2. 1 | integrated across food services, health education, physical education,
2707 III, 10. 2. 1 | Branca et al, 2007b).~ ~Health impact assessment of policies,
2708 III, 10. 2. 1 | tackle obesity, improve the health and well-being of the population
2709 III, 10. 2. 1 | and reduce inequality in health. It is a tool for evaluating
2710 III, 10. 2. 1 | tool for evaluating the health effects of all policies
2711 III, 10. 2. 1 | are often not assessed. Health impact assessment can be
2712 III, 10. 2. 1 | essential elements of public health policies and programmes
2713 III, 10. 2. 1 | of the European Community Health Indicators– related to diet
2714 III, 10. 2. 1 | described by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1996)
2715 III, 10. 2. 1 | pattern is consistent with health.~· It is important to develop
2716 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevailing diet-related public health problems, rather than be
2717 III, 10. 2. 1 | important nutrition related health issues, to then derive the
2718 III, 10. 2. 1 | to address the targeted health issues best. Indeed, most
2719 III, 10. 2. 1 | recommendations consider public health significance. Another approach
2720 III, 10. 2. 1 | information on food and health. Basically this information
2721 III, 10. 2. 1 | the use of nutrition and health claims for foods (European
2722 III, 10. 2. 1 | harmonised rules for the use of health or nutritional claims (such
2723 III, 10. 2. 1 | nutrient profiles.~ ~The Health Claims Regulation strives
2724 III, 10. 2. 1 | for many years by public health authorities to develop food
2725 III, 10. 2. 1 | Overweight and Obesity Related to Health Issues”, it is stated that “
2726 III, 10. 2. 1 | nutrition and food safety in the health sector (e.g. improve standards
2727 III, 10. 2. 1 | policies on nutritional health and physical activity, continuing
2728 III, 10. 2. 1 | tools to monitor nutritional health, links between health, nutrition
2729 III, 10. 2. 1 | nutritional health, links between health, nutrition and physical activity,
2730 III, 10. 2. 1 | Emmett PM, for the Child health information team (2003):
2731 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003): The first national health interview survey: summary
2732 III, 10. 2. 1 | G’Mangia, Department of Health Information.~ ~Bayingana
2733 III, 10. 2. 1 | België 2004 – resultaten [Health interview survey Belgium
2734 III, 10. 2. 1 | Scientific Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit (in Flemish). [h ] (
2735 III, 10. 2. 1 | Egészségfelmérés, OLEF2000 [National health interview survey, OLEF2000].
2736 III, 10. 2. 1 | Results of the national public health survey 2006: lifestyle].
2737 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health (in Swedish). [h ] (report
2738 III, 10. 2. 1 | response. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2739 III, 10. 2. 1 | Summary. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2740 III, 10. 2. 1 | eds (2005a): The Scottish health survey 2003. Volume 2: Adults.
2741 III, 10. 2. 1 | Edinburgh, Scottish Executive Health Department. [ht ] (report
2742 III, 10. 2. 1 | eds (2005b): The Scottish health survey 2003. Volume 3: Children.
2743 III, 10. 2. 1 | Edinburgh, Scottish Executive Health Department.~[ht ] (report
2744 III, 10. 2. 1 | eds (2004): Young people’s health in context. Health behaviour
2745 III, 10. 2. 1 | people’s health in context. Health behaviour in school-aged
2746 III, 10. 2. 1 | Regional Office for Europe (Health Policy for Children and
2747 III, 10. 2. 1 | October 2007).~ ~Department of Health (2006): Health Survey for
2748 III, 10. 2. 1 | Department of Health (2006): Health Survey for England - updating
2749 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2007).~ ~Dietz WH (1998): Health consequences of obesity
2750 III, 10. 2. 1 | 518–525.~ ~Direction of Health, Division of School Medicine (
2751 III, 10. 2. 1 | Luxembourg, Direction of Health, Division of School Medicine (
2752 III, 10. 2. 1 | Roberts C, eds (2007): Welsh Health Survey 2005/06. Cardiff,
2753 III, 10. 2. 1 | udviklingen siden 1987 [The Danish health and morbidity survey 2005 - &
2754 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health (in Danish). [h ] (report
2755 III, 10. 2. 1 | adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 37:371–375.~ ~Engstrom JL,
2756 III, 10. 2. 1 | Journal of Midwifery Womens Health 48:338–345.~ ~European Commission (
2757 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet, physical activity and health. Brussels, European Commission,
2758 III, 10. 2. 1 | Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection. [ht ] (
2759 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight and obesity related health issues. Brussels, Commission
2760 III, 10. 2. 1 | Resolution of 14 December 2000 on health and nutrition [Official
2761 III, 10. 2. 1 | December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Official
2762 III, 10. 2. 1 | Microcensus - questions about health – Body mass index of the
2763 III, 10. 2. 1 | Kelleher C (1999): The national health and lifestyle surveys: survey
2764 III, 10. 2. 1 | nutrition (SLAN): and the Irish health behaviour in school-aged
2765 III, 10. 2. 1 | gyvensenos tyrimas, 2006 [Health behaviour among Lithuanian
2766 III, 10. 2. 1 | Helsinki, National Public Health Institute (in Lithuanian/
2767 III, 10. 2. 1 | ja terveys, kevät 2006 [Health behaviour and health among
2768 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2006 [Health behaviour and health among the Finnish adult
2769 III, 10. 2. 1 | Helsinki, National Public Health Institute (in Finnish/English).~[h ] (
2770 III, 10. 2. 1 | French).~ ~Institute of Health Information and Statistics (
2771 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2002: sample survey of the health status of the Czech population.
2772 III, 10. 2. 1 | population. Prague, Institute of Health Information and Statistics.~ ~
2773 III, 10. 2. 1 | Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional
2774 III, 10. 2. 1 | Murray CJL.): Geneva, World Health Organization; p. 497–596.~[ht ] (
2775 III, 10. 2. 1 | Epidemiology and Public Health at the Royal Free and University
2776 III, 10. 2. 1 | Services (2005): Public health strategies for preventing
2777 III, 10. 2. 1 | Cooke M (2003): The national health & lifestyle surveys: survey
2778 III, 10. 2. 1 | people: a crisis in public health. Obesity Reviews 5(Suppl.
2779 III, 10. 2. 1 | Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE (1994): Health and social inequality in
2780 III, 10. 2. 1 | contraception and reproductive health. Journal of Family Planning
2781 III, 10. 2. 1 | Planning and Reproductive Health Care 30:209–211.~ ~Martínez-Hernández
2782 III, 10. 2. 1 | Genetics of obesity. Public Health Nutrition 10:1138-1144.~ ~
2783 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1138-1144.~ ~Ministry of Health and Consumption, Institute
2784 III, 10. 2. 1 | nivel nacional [National Health Survey in Spain: advanced
2785 III, 10. 2. 1 | tables]. Madrid, Ministry of Health and Consumption, Institute
2786 III, 10. 2. 1 | October 2007).~ ~Ministry of Health and Consumption, National
2787 III, 10. 2. 1 | de salud 2003 [National health survey 2003]. Madrid, Ministry
2788 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003]. Madrid, Ministry of Health and Consumption (in Spanish).~ ~
2789 III, 10. 2. 1 | review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82:940–946.~ ~
2790 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute for Health Development (2005): Eesti
2791 III, 10. 2. 1 | elanikkonna terviseuuring, 2004 [Health behaviour among Estonian
2792 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute for Health Development (in Estonian/
2793 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health (1997): Determinants of
2794 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health, 1997; quoted from: Food
2795 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1997; quoted from: Food and health in Europe: a new basis for
2796 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health (2001): Sundhed og sygelighed
2797 III, 10. 2. 1 | udviklingen siden 1987 [The Danish health and morbidity survey 2000 - &
2798 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute of Public Health (in Danish).~ ~National
2799 III, 10. 2. 1 | Danish).~ ~National Public Health Authority (2004): Telesný
2800 III, 10. 2. 1 | Bratislava, National Public Health Authority (in Slovakian).~ ~
2801 III, 10. 2. 1 | Bratislava, National Public Health Authority of the Slovak
2802 III, 10. 2. 1 | 670-678.~ ~Power C (1994): Health and social inequality in
2803 III, 10. 2. 1 | paradumu pëtïjums, 2004 [Health behaviour among Latvian
2804 III, 10. 2. 1 | Helsinki, National Public Health Institute (in Latvian/English).~[h ] (
2805 III, 10. 2. 1 | National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The
2806 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2006 [http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/
2807 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Communities (2005a): Health status indicators from the
2808 III, 10. 2. 1 | indicators from the national health interview surveys (HIS),
2809 III, 10. 2. 1 | surveys (HIS), Eurostat: health interview survey. Luxembourg,
2810 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Communities (2005b): Health status indicators from the
2811 III, 10. 2. 1 | indicators from the national health interview surveys (HIS),
2812 III, 10. 2. 1 | surveys (HIS), Eurostat: health monitor survey. Luxembourg,
2813 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Communities (2005c): Health status indicators from the
2814 III, 10. 2. 1 | indicators from the national health interview surveys (HIS),
2815 III, 10. 2. 1 | surveys (HIS), Eurostat: health survey. Luxembourg, Eurostat,
2816 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Communities (2005d): Health status indicators from the
2817 III, 10. 2. 1 | indicators from the national health interview surveys (HIS),
2818 III, 10. 2. 1 | Eurostat: survey of the health status of the population.
2819 III, 10. 2. 1 | Gesundheitsbefragung 2006/07 [Health interview survey 2006/07].
2820 III, 10. 2. 1 | Netherlands (2006): Module “health and labour” of the permanent
2821 III, 10. 2. 1 | years: a review. London, Health Education Authority.~ ~UNECE
2822 III, 10. 2. 1 | Europe (2002): Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European
2823 III, 10. 2. 1 | Gothenburg Consensus Paper. Health impact assessment: main
2824 III, 10. 2. 1 | Brussels, European Centre for Health Policy; Copenhagen, World
2825 III, 10. 2. 1 | Policy; Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2826 III, 10. 2. 1 | Consultation. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Technical
2827 III, 10. 2. 1 | WHO (2002): The world health report 2002 – Reducing risks,
2828 III, 10. 2. 1 | healthy life. Geneva, World Health Organization. [ht ] (report
2829 III, 10. 2. 1 | Consultation. Geneva, World Health Organization, Geneva, (WHO
2830 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2007).~ ~WHO (2004): World Health Assembly resolution WHA57.
2831 III, 10. 2. 1 | diet, physical activity and health. Geneva, World Health Organization. [ht ] (
2832 III, 10. 2. 1 | and health. Geneva, World Health Organization. [ht ] (report
2833 III, 10. 2. 1 | Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe.
2834 III, 10. 2. 1 | InfoBase Online. Geneva, World Health Organization.~[ht ] (database
2835 III, 10. 2. 1 | Europe (2005): The European health report 2005 – Public health
2836 III, 10. 2. 1 | health report 2005 – Public health action for healthier children
2837 III, 10. 2. 1 | populations. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2838 III, 10. 2. 1 | Obesity. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2839 III, 10. 2. 1 | Region. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2840 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2012. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2841 III, 10. 2. 1 | Report. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office
2842 III, 10. 2. 1 | Europe (2007c): Steps to health: a European framework to
2843 III, 10. 2. 1 | promote physical activity for health. Copenhagen (htt ~ ~Yngve
2844 III, 10. 2. 1 | in Swedish children and health indicators – overweight,
2845 III, 10. 2. 1 | Interregional differences in health in Slovenia, I: estimated
2846 III, 10. 2. 1 | Europe: A continuing public health problem. WHO report 2007~(htt ~ ~
2847 III, 10. 2. 1 | selenoproteins and human health: a review Public Health
2848 III, 10. 2. 1 | health: a review Public Health Nutr. 4: 593-599.~ ~Brownie
2849 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Nutrition and Health Report 2004. Forum Nutr
2850 III, 10. 2. 1 | disease of the elderly. Public Health Nutr. 4: 547-559.~ ~German
2851 III, 10. 2. 1 | deficiency in Europe. Public Health Nutr. 4: 537-545.~ ~Kraemer
2852 III, 10. 2. 1 | Folate: a key to optimizing health and reducing disease risk
2853 III, 10. 2. 1 | European countries. Public Health Nutr 5 (6B), 1179-1196.~ ~ ~
2854 III, 10. 2. 1 | European countries. Public Health Nutr 5 (6B):1259-1271.~ ~
2855 III, 10. 2. 1 | Nutrition (EPIC): study. Public Health Nutr 5 (6B), 1217-1226.~ ~
2856 III, 10. 2. 1 | dietary recalls. Public Health Nutr 2002 Dec, 5 (6B): 1227-
2857 III, 10. 2. 1 | dietary recalls. Public Health Nutr 2002 Dec, 5 (6B):1243-
2858 III, 10. 2. 1 | Nutrition (EPIC). Public Health Nutr 9(4): 449-464.~ ~Sieri
2859 III, 10. 2. 1 | EPIC): project. Public Health Nutr 2002 Dec, 5 (6B): 1287-
2860 III, 10. 2. 1 | Nutrition (EPIC) study. Public Health Nutr 5 (6B): 1273-1285.~ ~ ~
2861 III, 10. 2. 2 | magnitude of the public health problem associated with
2862 III, 10. 2. 4 | Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection~ ~
2863 III, 10. 2. 4 | Organisation for Rare Diseases~HiaP~Health in all Policies~ICD~International
2864 III, 10. 2. 4 | of Diseases and Related~ ~Health Problems~IPTS~Institute
2865 III, 10. 2. 4 | Orphan Drugs~PHG~Public Health Genomics~PHGEN~Public Health
2866 III, 10. 2. 4 | Health Genomics~PHGEN~Public Health Genomics European Network~
2867 III, 10. 2. 4 | Organization~WHO~World Health Organisation~APOE~Apolipoprotein
2868 III, 10. 2. 4 | paradigm shift in public health. The main challenges for
2869 III, 10. 2. 4 | main challenges for public health in the future will be to
2870 III, 10. 2. 4 | develop new approaches of health indicators based on genotyping
2871 III, 10. 2. 4 | individual genome-based health information.~ ~Clarifying
2872 III, 10. 2. 4 | under which genome-based health information and technologies
2873 III, 10. 2. 4 | in the interest of public health and particularly considering
2874 III, 10. 2. 4 | emerging field of Public Health Genomics.~ ~The next decade
2875 III, 10. 2. 4 | infrastructures both in the health care sector and on a policy
2876 III, 10. 2. 4 | that improve population health.~ ~The level of genome-based
2877 III, 10. 2. 4 | of prevention but Public Health practitioners so far seem
2878 III, 10. 2. 4 | evidence.~ ~A comprehensive health care which regards genetic
2879 III, 10. 2. 4 | individual genome-based health information. The integration
2880 III, 10. 2. 4 | The upcoming post-genomic health care system also challenges
2881 III, 10. 2. 4 | concepts of surveillance and health statistics. As it will be
2882 III, 10. 2. 4 | information into public health exist so far. Nevertheless,
2883 III, 10. 2. 4 | developed for secondary health data such as the exposure
2884 III, 10. 2. 4 | impact of food on human health (nutria-genomics). Current
2885 III, 10. 2. 4 | nutria-genomics). Current health statistics and surveillance
2886 III, 10. 2. 4 | future use of indicators and health statistics will also depend
2887 III, 10. 2. 4 | of individualisation in health care systems. Indicators
2888 III, 10. 2. 4 | promotion of population health which will lead to fundamental
2889 III, 10. 2. 4 | systems. Medicine and Public Health get an increasing insight
2890 III, 10. 2. 4 | in the field of cancer. Health care systems, policy makers
2891 III, 10. 2. 4 | The emerging genome-based health information and technologies
2892 III, 10. 2. 4 | in the understanding of health and diseases as well as
2893 III, 10. 2. 4 | concepts of prevention and health service delivery and calls
2894 III, 10. 2. 4 | paradigm shift in Public Health; however, all health stakeholders
2895 III, 10. 2. 4 | Public Health; however, all health stakeholders are not fully
2896 III, 10. 2. 4 | conceptual change. Public Health Genomics advocates the interdisciplinary
2897 III, 10. 2. 4 | need for data gathering and health statistics in genomics.
2898 III, 10. 2. 4 | genomics. Up to now European health statistics cover the prevalence
2899 III, 10. 2. 4 | and policymakers in Public Health Genomics.~ ~At present the
2900 III, 10. 2. 4 | highlights the manifold Public Health challenges deriving from
2901 III, 10. 2. 4 | The advances in Public Health monitoring do not correspond
2902 III, 10. 2. 4 | both the medical and Public Health setting.~ ~
2903 III, 10. 2. 4 | the role of inheritance in health and disease. Nowadays, it
2904 III, 10. 2. 4 | disease syndromes” and “health outcomes”;~· the potential
2905 III, 10. 2. 4 | the basis for individual health information management.
2906 III, 10. 2. 4 | within a bunch of other health determinants (e.g. social,
2907 III, 10. 2. 4 | of complex diseases and health problems;~· correlation
2908 III, 10. 2. 4 | variant” to “genome-based health information” based on a “
2909 III, 10. 2. 4 | in the comprehension of health and disease as well as in
2910 III, 10. 2. 4 | we do not see any Public Health oriented sets of data which
2911 III, 10. 2. 4 | of prevention but Public Health practitioners so far seem
2912 III, 10. 2. 4 | policy judgements, Public Health practitioners will need
2913 III, 10. 2. 4 | attention to the needs of Public Health in the context of genomics.
2914 III, 10. 2. 4 | the use of genome-based health information and the societal
2915 III, 10. 2. 4 | DG SANCO funded “Public Health Genomics European Network (
2916 III, 10. 2. 4 | addresses the needs of Public Health in the EU (www.phgen.eu).
2917 III, 10. 2. 4 | Bellagio Statement of Public Health Genomics (www.graphint.org).
2918 III, 10. 2. 4 | working specifically on health monitoring and data collections.~ ~
2919 III, 10. 2. 4 | data collections.~ ~The “Health in all Policies” (“HiaP”)
2920 III, 10. 2. 4 | the Italian Ministry of Health, in collaboration with EC
2921 III, 10. 2. 4 | strive for a high level of health protection in all their
2922 III, 10. 2. 4 | regulations, pharmaceuticals and health services the “Health in
2923 III, 10. 2. 4 | and health services the “Health in all Policies” doctrine
2924 III, 10. 2. 4 | knowledge. In fact, the “Health in all Policies” approach
2925 III, 10. 2. 4 | processes. The new mode of health regulation depends on a
2926 III, 10. 2. 4 | aims to integrate both the “Health in all Policies” idea and
2927 III, 10. 2. 4 | paradigm shift in public health. In the past we started
2928 III, 10. 2. 4 | past we started our public health tasks by looking at the
2929 III, 10. 2. 4 | already start our public health tasks by looking at family
2930 III, 10. 2. 4 | we may start our public health tasks by looking at the
2931 III, 10. 2. 4 | genome-based knowledge into health reporting will be one of
2932 III, 10. 2. 4 | important challenges that our health care systems will face (
2933 III, 10. 2. 4 | traditional and well established health indicators for health reporting
2934 III, 10. 2. 4 | established health indicators for health reporting and health planning,
2935 III, 10. 2. 4 | for health reporting and health planning, since they refer
2936 III, 10. 2. 4 | traditional concepts of health indicators still apply.
2937 III, 10. 2. 4 | indicators still apply. All health indicators, which have been
2938 III, 10. 2. 4 | develop new approaches of health indicators. The implementation
2939 III, 10. 2. 4 | and to develop such new health indicators. In addition
2940 III, 10. 2. 4 | main challenges for public health in the future will be to
2941 III, 10. 2. 4 | develop new approaches of health indicators based on genotyping
2942 III, 10. 2. 4 | individual genome-based health information. At the same
2943 III, 10. 2. 4 | traditional separation in public health reporting between communicable
2944 III, 10. 2. 4 | of genomics into Public Health research, policy and practice
2945 III, 10. 2. 4 | future challenges for all health care systems. Clarifying
2946 III, 10. 2. 4 | under which genome-based health information and technologies
2947 III, 10. 2. 4 | practise in the field of Public Health and particularly considering
2948 III, 10. 2. 4 | emerging field of Public Health Genomics (PHG), defined
2949 III, 10. 2. 4 | science to the promotion of health and prevention of disease
2950 III, 10. 2. 4 | implications of genomics for health, social, and environmental
2951 III, 10. 2. 4 | prevent disease and improve health (Brand et al., 2006). Policy
2952 III, 10. 2. 4 | the field of indicators, health statistics and surveillance,
2953 III, 10. 2. 4 | actions. For the Public Health community the paradigm shift
2954 III, 10. 2. 4 | prevention. Thus, Public Health will come under pressure
2955 III, 10. 2. 4 | infrastructures both in the health care sector and on a policy
2956 III, 10. 2. 4 | that improve population health.~ ~
2957 III, 10. 2. 4 | Brand A (2005): Public health and genetics—a dangerous
2958 III, 10. 2. 4 | European Journal of Public Health, 15(2):114-116.~ ~Brand
2959 III, 10. 2. 4 | of Genomics into Public Health Research, Policy and Practices
2960 III, 10. 2. 4 | Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease. Oxford
2961 III, 10. 2. 4 | Prevent Disease and Promote Health. Partnership for Prevention.
2962 III, 10. 2. 4 | 1996): From Genes to Public Health: The Applications of Genetic
2963 III, 10. 2. 4 | Prevention. Am J Public Health, 86(12): 1717-1722.~ ~Kononen
2964 III, 10. 2. 4 | conceptual challenge for public health genomics law. Italian Journal
2965 III, 10. 2. 4 | Italian Journal of Public Health, 4(3): 46 – 52.~ ~Sookoian
2966 III, 10. 2. 5 | Adult physical and mental health is linked to childhood developmental
2967 III, 10. 2. 5 | during childhood and adult health. Identification of early
2968 III, 10. 2. 5 | Environmental influence on health during foetal life and infancy
2969 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental factors influence health, the long-term effects of
2970 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental determinants of health are not readily available
2971 III, 10. 2. 5 | The European Community Health Indicator (ECHI) long list
2972 III, 10. 2. 5 | attachment.~Neither the WHO Health for All database nor the
2973 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental determinants of health. The present section is
2974 III, 10. 2. 5 | interaction to promote child health and prevent psychosocial
2975 III, 10. 2. 5 | Allen et al, 2007) and health problems of childhood (Mäntymaa
2976 III, 10. 2. 5 | also linked to physical health. Early developmental experiences
2977 III, 10. 2. 5 | responses, and ultimately, health across the lifespan. A recent
2978 III, 10. 2. 5 | physical stressors on human health is that human vulnerability
2979 III, 10. 2. 5 | evaluate the individual health status,~ ~For a detailed
2980 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental determinants of health have been addressed in health
2981 III, 10. 2. 5 | health have been addressed in health policies in a few Member
2982 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental determinants of health supports the notion of early
2983 III, 10. 2. 5 | intervention to promote health, i.e. health promoting interventions
2984 III, 10. 2. 5 | to promote health, i.e. health promoting interventions
2985 III, 10. 2. 5 | programme for staff in child health clinics has been implemented
2986 III, 10. 2. 5 | developmental determinants of health, and there is a need to
2987 III, 10. 2. 5 | rapidly-developing field of developmental health.~ ~
2988 III, 10. 2. 5 | predictor of child's chronic health problems. Child Care Health
2989 III, 10. 2. 5 | health problems. Child Care Health Dev 2003;29(3):181-91.~ ~
2990 III, 10. 2. 5 | Promotion Project: A new primary health care service to promote
2991 III, 10. 2. 5 | promote children's mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal
2992 III, 10. 2. 5 | mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal 2002;23(6):606-24.
2993 III, 10. 3. 1 | Life Year. This integrated health measure, which combines
2994 III, 10. 3. 1 | Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks~UVR~UV radiation~ ~
2995 III, 10. 3. 1 | is well known that human health depends on a variety of
2996 III, 10. 3. 1 | causing any adverse effects on health still remains unclear.~ ~
2997 III, 10. 3. 1 | significant effects on human health. The clearest connection
2998 III, 10. 3. 1 | The clearest connection to health effects is for the radioactive
2999 III, 10. 3. 1 | most controversial physical health stressor is electromagnetic
3000 III, 10. 3. 1 | significant consequences for human health. This is particularly valid
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