Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 4 | and a rise in excessive drinking and other risk factors for
2 II, 5. 1. 1| HCV) infection and alcohol drinking.~Dermatological diseases~
3 II, 5. 4. 2| sensitive topics e.g. heavy drinking, smoking etc. The usual
4 II, 5. 12. 1| HCV) infection and alcohol drinking: the control of alcohol
5 II, 5. 12. 1| the control of alcohol drinking is the most immediate instrument
6 II, 5. 12. 4| also Chapter 6) and alcohol drinking (Corrao and Aricò, 1998).~ ~
7 II, 5. 12. 4| but also to the pattern of drinking (out of meal) and to the
8 II, 5. 12. 5| Chapter 6) and of alcohol drinking.~ ~Thus, control of alcohol
9 II, 5. 12. 5| Thus, control of alcohol drinking is the most immediate instrument
10 II, 5. 12. 5| concerns prevention of alcohol drinking .~Universal vaccination
11 II, 5. 12. 5| or avoidance of alcohol drinking.~Control of alcohol drinking
12 II, 5. 12. 5| drinking.~Control of alcohol drinking is also the key measure
13 II, 5. 12. 5| Since the rise of alcohol drinking in those countries is essentially
14 II, 5. 12. 6| countries, changes in alcohol drinking appear to well explain short-term
15 II, 5. 12. 7| Health topics. Alcohol drinking. Available at: htt ~ ~World
16 II, 5. 13 | and in accordance with the drinking and diet culture (European
17 II, 5. 14. 3| with decay experience and drinking fruit juice and carbonated
18 II, 6. 3. 6| and through contaminated drinking water. Cryptosporidiosis
19 II, 8. 2. 1| seriously damaging effects of drinking alcohol during pregnancy
20 II, 8. 2. 1| and should refrain from drinking alcoholic drinks. Doctors
21 II, 9 | Trimester of Pregnancy~ ~Drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
22 II, 9 | Trends regarding alcohol drinking among young women in some
23 II, 9 | countries, especially binge drinking, are of great concern. The
24 II, 9 | concern. The effects of binge drinking on the fetus are largely
25 II, 9 | byproducts of chlorination in drinking water, releases from waste
26 II, 9 | cross-cultural studies of drinking in Europe have been of a
27 II, 9 | contexts and cultural roles of drinking. Cross-cultural variation
28 II, 9 | at an early age. Weekly drinking is more widespread among
29 II, 9 | the United Kingdom. Weekly drinking among 15-year-old girls
30 II, 9. 1. 2| Trimester of Pregnancy~ ~Drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
31 II, 9. 1. 2| Trends regarding alcohol drinking among young women in some
32 II, 9. 1. 2| countries, especially binge drinking, are of great concern. The
33 II, 9. 1. 2| concern. The effects of binge drinking on the fetus are largely
34 II, 9. 1. 2| byproducts of chlorination in drinking water, releases from waste
35 II, 9. 2. 1| with regard to eating and drinking patterns.~ ~Child health
36 II, 9. 2. 4| cross-cultural studies of drinking in Europe have been of a
37 II, 9. 2. 4| contexts and cultural roles of drinking. Cross-cultural variation
38 II, 9. 2. 4| at an early age. Weekly drinking is more widespread among
39 II, 9. 2. 4| the United Kingdom. Weekly drinking among 15-year-old girls
40 II, 9. 2. 5| activities related to under-age drinking; work on obesity and prevention;
41 II, 9. 2. 7| and cultural aspects of drinking. Available at: http://www.
42 II, 9. 2. 7| www.sirc.org/publik/social_drinking.pdf#search=%22social%20and%
43 II, 9. 3. 1| 2005): Alcohol, gender and drinking problems: perspectives from
44 II, 9. 3. 3| correlation of excessive drinking and risky sexual behaviour (
45 II, 9. 5. 3| behaviour when people drink. Drinking behaviour is related to
46 II, 9. 5. 3| afflicted by another one's drinking. One third of problem drinkers
47 II, 9. 5. 3| main problems caused by drinking. There is much evidence
48 II, 9. 5. 3| 9.5.6 below illustrates drinking patterns for men and women
49 II, 9. 5. 3| Ireland.~ ~Table 9.5.6. Drinking patterns among men and women
50 II, 9. 5. 3| and in accordance with the drinking and diet culture (European
51 II, 9. 5. 6| and cultural aspects of drinking. htt ml Available at: (accessed
52 II, 9. 5. 6| 2005): Alcohol, gender and drinking problems: perspectives from
53 III, 10. 1 | of contaminated food and drinking water~Schools~Developmental~
54 III, 10. 1. 1| psychosocial determinants: drinking is a social act in many
55 III, 10. 1. 1| consumption include early drinking experiences, expectations
56 III, 10. 1. 1| consumption, heavy social drinking, psychological stress, low
57 III, 10. 1. 1| Potvin, 2004).~ ~Parental drinking affects the environment
58 III, 10. 1. 1| The association between drinking and aggressive behaviour
59 III, 10. 1. 1| social roles, concern about drinking, victimization as well as
60 III, 10. 1. 1| been studied in problem drinking fathers and their sons and
61 III, 10. 1. 1| For the initiation of drinking, parental influence is more
62 III, 10. 1. 1| perception of excessive drinking in the family environment
63 III, 10. 1. 1| encourage frequent and excessive drinking among adolescents. In late
64 III, 10. 1. 1| alcohol misusers. Again, heavy drinking may be the cause or the
65 III, 10. 1. 1| correlation of excessive drinking and risky sexual behaviour (
66 III, 10. 1. 3| Lauerman RJ (1987): Social drinking as a health and psychosocial
67 III, 10. 1. 3| Overview of studies on drinking patterns and consequences.
68 III, 10. 1. 3| 1999): Social anxiety and drinking in college students: a social
69 III, 10. 1. 3| the emerging paradigm of drinking patterns and their social
70 III, 10. 2. 1| as a result of his or her drinking. A public health perspective
71 III, 10. 2. 1| particular amounts or patterns of drinking.~ ~Binge drinking has increased
72 III, 10. 2. 1| patterns of drinking.~ ~Binge drinking has increased much among
73 III, 10. 2. 1| consumption and patterns of drinking~ ~The European Union is
74 III, 10. 2. 1| European Union is the heaviest drinking region of the world, with
75 III, 10. 2. 1| the world, with each adult drinking on average 11 litres of
76 III, 10. 2. 1| consumption, with Luxembourg drinking 2.5 times as much per adult
77 III, 10. 2. 1| least once a week, binge drinking was also common amongst
78 III, 10. 2. 1| drinkers, a pattern of binge drinking was most common in Ireland,
79 III, 10. 2. 1| five or more drinks on a drinking occasion remained the same
80 III, 10. 2. 1| 16 year olds on the last drinking occasion was 60g of alcohol.
81 III, 10. 2. 1| pure alcohol. Last occasion drinking levels are slightly lower
82 III, 10. 2. 1| participants who have been drinking, with 25%-85% of violent
83 III, 10. 2. 1| consumption. Episodic heavy drinking, frequency of drinking and
84 III, 10. 2. 1| heavy drinking, frequency of drinking and drinking volume are
85 III, 10. 2. 1| frequency of drinking and drinking volume are all independently
86 III, 10. 2. 1| aggression, with frequency of drinking appearing to be the most
87 III, 10. 2. 1| is the violence~Parental drinking can affect the environment
88 III, 10. 2. 1| 16% of cases.~The risk of drinking and driving increases with
89 III, 10. 2. 1| frequency of high volume drinking occasions, as well as blood
90 III, 10. 2. 1| who engage periodically in drinking large quantities of alcohol,
91 III, 10. 2. 1| likelihood of death.~ ~Heavy drinking is a major risk factor for
92 III, 10. 2. 1| consumption and a pattern of drinking larger amounts on an occasion.
93 III, 10. 2. 1| who had reduced or stopped drinking, a phenomenon associated
94 III, 10. 2. 1| ischemic stroke. Episodic heavy drinking increases the risk of heart
95 III, 10. 2. 1| similar problems.~ ~Heavy drinking during adolescence and young
96 III, 10. 2. 1| social determinants, such as drinking patterns, the drinking environment
97 III, 10. 2. 1| as drinking patterns, the drinking environment and the health
98 III, 10. 2. 1| drinkers, reduce underage drinking and reduce per occasion
99 III, 10. 2. 1| reduce per occasion binge drinking. Higher prices also delay
100 III, 10. 2. 1| younger teenagers to start drinking and slow progression towards
101 III, 10. 2. 1| slow progression towards drinking larger amounts. Heavy drinkers
102 III, 10. 2. 1| emergency room admissions and drinking & driving cases (Ragnarsdottir
103 III, 10. 2. 1| that changes in minimum drinking age laws can substantially
104 III, 10. 2. 1| substantially effect youth drinking and alcohol-related harm,
105 III, 10. 2. 1| full benefits of a higher drinking age are only realized if
106 III, 10. 2. 1| of young people to start drinking, the amount they drink and
107 III, 10. 2. 1| advertisements in a jurisdiction and drinking by young people. Where this
108 III, 10. 2. 1| and drivers suspected of drinking driving are breath-tested,
109 III, 10. 2. 1| infractions by convicted drinking drivers are all effective
110 III, 10. 2. 1| effective measures for reducing drinking & driving casualties.~ ~
111 III, 10. 2. 1| not effective in reducing drinking and driving (Anderson and
112 III, 10. 2. 1| than the legal limit for drinking and driving. Furthermore,
113 III, 10. 2. 1| social norms supporting drinking, and in which alcohol is
114 III, 10. 2. 1| inconclusive effects. Whilst drinking guidelines have been used
115 III, 10. 2. 1| United Kingdom’s ‘sensible drinking guidelines’ when relied
116 III, 10. 2. 1| media campaigns to reduce drinking and driving, particularly
117 III, 10. 2. 1| place for what concerns drinking and driving.~ ~Drinking
118 III, 10. 2. 1| drinking and driving.~ ~Drinking context~ ~Licensed drinking
119 III, 10. 2. 1| Drinking context~ ~Licensed drinking environments are associated
120 III, 10. 2. 1| associated with drunkenness, drinking & driving and problem behaviours
121 III, 10. 2. 1| consumption and high risk drinking, but were not as successful
122 III, 10. 2. 1| be effective in reducing drinking and driving, alcohol related
123 III, 10. 2. 1| associated with on-premise drinking, develop specific solutions
124 III, 10. 2. 1| other problems related to drinking in licensed premises.~ ~
125 III, 10. 2. 1| population impact on excessive drinking could be significant if
126 III, 10. 2. 1| Council Recommendation on the drinking of alcohol by young people,
127 III, 10. 2. 1| Consumption, Patterns of Drinking and Burden of Disease in
128 III, 10. 3. 2| natural sources. Arsenic in drinking water and cadmium from diffused
129 III, 10. 4. 2| Poultry meat and contaminated drinking water~Salmonellosis~35.0
130 III, 10. 4. 2| vegetables~Contaminated drinking water~Trichinellosis and
131 III, 10. 4. 2| were caused by contaminated drinking water. Caliciviruses are
132 III, 10. 4. 2| most common sources are drinking water, fruit and vegetables.
133 III, 10. 4. 2| Environmental contaminants~ ~Lead~ ~Drinking water, via lead~Water pipes~ ~
134 III, 10. 4. 2| 2006 standard~for lead in drinking water~to be reduced, means
135 III, 10. 4. 2| 598ng/L have been found in drinking water in the Rhine-Ruhr
136 III, 10. 4. 2| as residues in food or in drinking water. Protecting the health
137 III, 10. 4. 2| vegetables;~EU: lettuce, spinach,~drinking water~ ~Exposure via drinking
138 III, 10. 4. 2| drinking water~ ~Exposure via drinking water,~below standard; sporadic~
139 III, 10. 4. 2| consumption of nitrate-~drinking rich vegetables; avoid~using
140 III, 10. 4. 2| treated food and residues in drinking water derived from groundwater;~·
141 III, 10. 4. 2| groundwater above parametric drinking water standards (legal levels
142 III, 10. 4. 3| 10.4.3. Ingestion and drinking water contamination and
143 III, 10. 4. 3| population have access to safe drinking water. An effective quality
144 III, 10. 4. 3| when the water is used for drinking, food preparation, recreation,
145 III, 10. 4. 3| Meanwhile, the availability of drinking water from natural sources
146 III, 10. 4. 3| precautions need to be developed. Drinking water supplies risk to be
147 III, 10. 4. 3| and WHO Guidelines for drinking water (WHO, 2006a). Another
148 III, 10. 4. 3| presentation and analysis~ ~Drinking water~ ~Health impact of
149 III, 10. 4. 3| Health impact of poor quality drinking water~ ~Significant mortality
150 III, 10. 4. 3| countries with advanced drinking water and sanitation systems,
151 III, 10. 4. 3| However, in some rural areas drinking water is abstracted from
152 III, 10. 4. 3| 3.2. Number of reported drinking water-borne outbreaks in
153 III, 10. 4. 3| effects in children. The WHO Drinking water guidelines (WHO, 2006)
154 III, 10. 4. 3| concentration of 10 μg/l for As in drinking water . The estimated cancer
155 III, 10. 4. 3| control. In rural areas, drinking water is abstracted from
156 III, 10. 4. 3| European Region, access to safe drinking water remains lower, albeit
157 III, 10. 4. 3| countries with advanced drinking water and sanitation systems (
158 III, 10. 4. 3| re-cycle waste water for drinking water there is a potential
159 III, 10. 4. 3| adequate supply of safe drinking water and adequate sanitation
160 III, 10. 4. 3| water used as a source of drinking water. Priority diseases
161 III, 10. 4. 3| Arsenic, as a contaminant of drinking water, is not included.
162 III, 10. 4. 3| from the WHO Guidelines for drinking water, i.e. 10 μg/l (10
163 III, 10. 4. 3| 10 μg/l (10 ppb).~ ~The Drinking water directive stipulates
164 III, 10. 4. 3| Future developments~ ~A safe drinking water supply and safe bathing
165 III, 10. 4. 3| groundwater to meet the demand for drinking water, and are quickly depleting
166 III, 10. 4. 3| know that the delivery of drinking water is highly vulnerable
167 III, 10. 4. 3| potential pollutants of drinking water are appearing, e.g.
168 III, 10. 4. 3| contaminating natural waters and drinking water sources. Current sewage
169 III, 10. 4. 3| low levels of arsenic in drinking water may currently be underestimated
170 III, 10. 4. 3| Commission (1998a): The Drinking Water Directive (DWD), Council
171 III, 10. 4. 3| Arsenic epidemiology and drinking water standards. Science
172 III, 10. 4. 3| WHO – Water; WHO | Drinking water. Available at: htt ~ ~
173 III, 10. 4. 5| ingestion, for example through drinking water from sources that
174 III, 10. 4. 5| the exposure of humans via drinking water from ground sources
175 III, 10. 5. 1| challenge of contaminated drinking water and water-related
176 III, 10. 5. 1| 2006): Meeting the MDG drinking water and sanitation target:
177 III, 10. 6. 2| and a rise in excessive drinking and other risk factors for
178 IV, 12. 2 | social determinants, such as drinking patterns, the drinking environment,
179 IV, 12. 2 | as drinking patterns, the drinking environment, and the health
180 IV, 12. 2 | drinkers, to reduce underage drinking, and to reduce per occasion
181 IV, 12. 2 | reduce per occasion binge drinking. Higher prices also delay
182 IV, 12. 2 | younger teenagers to start drinking and slow progression towards
183 IV, 12. 2 | slow progression towards drinking larger amounts. Heavy drinkers
184 IV, 12. 2 | that changes in minimum drinking age laws can substantially
185 IV, 12. 2 | substantially effect youth drinking and alcohol-related harm,
186 IV, 12. 2 | full benefits of a higher drinking age are only realized if
187 IV, 12. 2 | advertisements in a jurisdiction and drinking by young people. Where this
188 IV, 12. 2 | and drivers suspected of drinking driving are breath-tested,
189 IV, 12. 2 | infractions by convicted drinking drivers are all effective
190 IV, 12. 2 | not effective in reducing drinking and driving (Anderson and
191 IV, 12. 2 | than the legal limit for drinking and driving. Further, an
192 IV, 12. 2 | social norms supporting drinking, and in which alcohol is
193 IV, 12. 2 | inconclusive effects. Whilst drinking guidelines have been used
194 IV, 12. 2 | United Kingdom’s ‘sensible drinking guidelines’ when relied
195 IV, 12. 2 | media campaigns to reduce drinking and driving, particularly
196 IV, 12. 2 | policies in place concerning drinking and driving. ~ ~Drinking
197 IV, 12. 2 | drinking and driving. ~ ~Drinking context~ ~Licensed drinking
198 IV, 12. 2 | Drinking context~ ~Licensed drinking environments are associated
199 IV, 12. 2 | consumption and high risk drinking, but were not as successful
200 IV, 12. 2 | be effective in reducing drinking and driving, alcohol related
201 IV, 12. 2 | associated with on-premise drinking, develop specific solutions
202 IV, 12. 2 | other problems related to drinking in licensed premises.~ ~
203 IV, 12. 2 | population impact on excessive drinking could be significant. For
204 IV, 12. 2 | Council Recommendation on the drinking of alcohol by young people,
205 IV, 12. 10 | National/Regional~ Yes~Drinking and recreational water~Intermediate
206 IV, 12. 10 | Air pollution~ High~ ~Drinking and recreational water~
207 IV, 12. 10 | alcohol to underage and youth drinking alcohol in public (§ 9 Law
208 IV, 12. 10 | alcohol consumption as well as drinking behaviour of subgroups is
209 IV, 12. 10 | and nitrogen oxides. ~ ~Drinking and recreational water~High
210 IV, 12. 10 | European Regulations concerning drinking and bathing water have been
211 IV, 12. 10 | in the respective areas. Drinking water is considered one
212 IV, 12. 10 | programs (Federal Ordinance on Drinking Water). The process of implementation
213 IV, 12. 10 | machinery) regulations 2007~ ~ ~Drinking and recreational water~High~ ~ ~ ~ ~
214 IV, 12. 10 | participate in this action~ ~Drinking and recreational water~
215 IV, 12. 10 | environment 2003-2008 http ~ ~Drinking and recreational water~
216 IV, 12. 10 | water~ high~Articles about drinking water in 2004 public health
217 IV, 12. 10 | national Public Health Strategy~Drinking and recreational water~
218 IV, 12. 10 | regulations on requirements for Drinking and recreational water~
219 IV, 12. 10 | High~ National level~ ~Drinking and recreational water~
220 IV, 12. 10 | National and local level~ ~Drinking water – Decree-Law 306/2007
221 IV, 12. 10 | of surveillance system of drinking water.~ ~Soil contamination
222 IV, 12. 10 | on environmental health~Drinking and recreational water~
223 IV, 12. 10 | High~Law 458/2002 regarding drinking water modified and completed
224 IV, 12. 10 | Law 311/2004 (according to Drinking Water Directive 98/83)~GD
225 IV, 12. 10 | outbreaks transmitted in drinking water in Sweden~ ~Levels
226 IV, 12. 10 | with Acquis communitaire~Drinking and recreational water~High~ ~ ~
227 IV, 13. 2. 4| having a high blood pressure, drinking too much alcohol, overweight,
228 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| drink-driver~drink-driving~drinkers~drinking~drinking-driving~drinking-water~
