Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | health on behalf of the European Commission and/or Member
2 -, 1 | status of health in the European Union, the nature of health
3 -, 1 | The Health Status of the European Union - Narrowing the Health
4 -, 1 | The State of Health in the European Community”.~However, this
5 -, 1 | overall population of the European Union has remarkably increased
6 -, 1 | Health and Consumers" of the European Commission (Grant Agreement
7 -, 1 | than 60 experts from most European Member States and of several
8 -, 1 | while this Report adopts a European comparative perspective,
9 -, 1 | interpreted with caution. A European public health goal should
10 -, 1 | previously collected by European, Intergovernmental and International
11 -, 1 | status of health in the European Union as it provides for
12 -, 1 | and Health Authorities of European Countries for fulfilling
13 -, 1 | Member States and with the European Commission. Furthermore,
14 -, 1 | linked to the homepage of the European Commission D. G. Health
15 -, 1 | World Health Organization - European Regional Office, in the
16 -, 1. 0. 0(1) | official order adopted by the European Union.~
17 I, 2 | CONTEXT FOR HEALTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION~ ~ ~
18 I, 2.Acr | Framework Programme~EURIPA~European Rural and Isolated Practitioners
19 I, 2. 1 | regional variations in the European Community and Union during
20 I, 2. 1 | policies and services of European countries have evolved to
21 I, 2. 1 | challenges and health needs; the European (Economic) Community and,
22 I, 2. 1 | Community and, then, the European Union were established to
23 I, 2. 1 | health and well being of the European population. Social policies,
24 I, 2. 2 | Leidner (2007) entitled “The European Tourism industry in the
25 I, 2. 2 | s first analysis of the European tourism sector and extends
26 I, 2. 2 | results in a regular flow of European professionals from different
27 I, 2. 3 | the past 25 years. For the European population at large, the
28 I, 2. 3 | population growth. In the European Union, there are about 25
29 I, 2. 3 | people will immigrate in the European Union between now and 2050.
30 I, 2. 3 | age distribution of the European population.~In relation
31 I, 2. 3 | higher for foreign than for European women.~Female Genital Mutilation (
32 I, 2. 3 | FGM has now also become a European concern. It is estimated
33 I, 2. 3 | is estimated that in the European Union alone, 500 000 girls
34 I, 2. 4 | persist, not only between European countries, but also within
35 I, 2. 4 | Protection and Social Inclusion (European Commission, 2008), social
36 I, 2. 4 | persist, not only between European countries, but also within
37 I, 2. 4 | found inside the biggest European cities. Some 15% of European
38 I, 2. 4 | European cities. Some 15% of European Union citizens are regarded
39 I, 2. 4 | women). In many Western European countries, mortality differences
40 I, 2. 4 | diseases. In many Western European countries, the 1980s and
41 I, 2. 4 | cent in the three Eastern European countries, as compared to
42 I, 2. 4 | cent in the three Western European countries. Among women,
43 I, 2. 4 | from some other Eastern European countries suggests a similar
44 I, 2. 4 | groups.~ ~Moreover, the European Commission also released
45 I, 2. 4 | Population Ageing in Six European Countries”. DG Employment
46 I, 2. 5 | are working on one site (European Agency for Safety and Health
47 I, 2. 5 | member states (i.e. Eastern European countries). In many of these
48 I, 2. 5. 0(2) | European Agency for Safety and Health
49 I, 2. 5. 0(2) | some Member States of the European Union, 2002. Available at:
50 I, 2. 5 | Changes in the workforce. The European workforce has changed in
51 I, 2. 5 | of the workforce. In all European countries, the average age
52 I, 2. 5 | the law.~ ~In 2004, the European Commission, DG Employment
53 I, 2. 5 | Population Ageing in Six European Countries”. As retired people
54 I, 2. 5 | The 15th edition of the European Commission’s Employment
55 I, 2. 5 | of recent developments in European labour markets. The report
56 I, 2. 5 | immigration of new groups into European Member States.~Migrant workers
57 I, 2. 5 | year.~ ~According to recent European Commission’s figures, there
58 I, 2. 5 | self-employed from home (European Agency for Safety and Health
59 I, 2. 5 | enterprises has increased. European figures from Eurostat show
60 I, 2. 5 | change over the next decades. European Member States will need
61 I, 2. 6 | education can be achieved in European countries after varying
62 I, 2. 6 | research programmes in most European countries. In the EU25 as
63 I, 2. 6 | about 10 percentage points (European Commission, 2006).~While
64 I, 2. 6 | lower than at lower level (European Commission, 2006).~ ~Considering
65 I, 2. 7 | EUROSTAT, 2003). EURIPA, the European Rural and Isolated Practitioners
66 I, 2. 7 | estimates that about 20% of the European population is living in
67 I, 2. 7 | humanistic tradition of the European city, reworking the principles
68 I, 2. 7 | 80s and 90s, many large European cities experienced an extreme
69 I, 2. 8 | been increasing in the pan European region, despite energy efficiency
70 I, 2. 8 | several central and Eastern European countries, both in district
71 I, 2. 9 | global warming (1.8–4.0 °C).~ ~European glaciers are melting rapidly:
72 I, 2. 9 | uniform but varies across European seas. Projections suggest
73 I, 2. 9 | surface temperature of some European seas could rise more than
74 I, 2. 9 | distribution shifts of many European plant species and of birds,
75 I, 2. 9 | are occurring in several European countries and there is a
76 I, 2. 10. 3 | Lisbon strategy to boost European competitiveness. The i2010
77 I, 2. 10. 3 | and enterprise: linking European Policies, 2006). From a
78 I, 2. 10. 3 | support modernisation of the European public sector.~ ~The developments
79 I, 2. 10. 3 | agreement at the Barcelona European Council that a European
80 I, 2. 10. 3 | European Council that a European health insurance card should
81 I, 2. 10. 4 | million items were seized by European Customs, a 384% growth versus
82 I, 2. 10. 4(14)| at the EU Border 2006”, European Commission, May 2007.~
83 I, 2. 10. 4(16)| The European Health Management Association~
84 I, 2. 10. 4 | update the National and European legislative framework to
85 I, 2. 11 | prepared by APPLICA for the European Observatory on the Social
86 I, 2. 11 | publications/eea_report_2008_4]~European Agency for Safety and Health
87 I, 2. 11 | some Member States of the European Union, 2002. Available at: htt s.~
88 I, 2. 11 | 2002. Available at: htt s.~European Agency for Safety and Health
89 I, 2. 11 | accessed 21.11.06).~European Commission (2006): European
90 I, 2. 11 | European Commission (2006): European Economy. Directorate-general
91 I, 2. 11 | 2006. Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2008): Joint
92 I, 2. 11 | joint_report_en.pdf].~ ~European foundation for the improvement
93 I, 2. 11 | health to the economy in the European Union. DG Health and Consumer
94 I, 3.Acr | EUROPOP 2004 2004-based European Population Projections,
95 I, 3. 1 | replacement; Southern and Eastern European fertility decline occurred
96 I, 3. 1 | Scandinavian and Western European countries in the early 1970s;
97 I, 3. 1 | characteristic for Eastern European countries. Opposite is the ‘
98 I, 3. 2 | years, the population of the European Union with 27 Member States,
99 I, 3. 2 | Migration and Integration of the European Commission points out that
100 I, 3. 2 | international migrants. For the European population at large, the
101 I, 3. 2 | population growth. In the European Union, there are about 25
102 I, 3. 2 | people will immigrate in the European Union between now and 2050.
103 I, 3. 2 | age distribution of the European population.~ ~
104 I, 3. 3 | in 2006~ ~Currently, all European countries are facing population
105 I, 3. 3 | 15 to 64)— rose in the European Union from 21.6 in 1980
106 I, 3. 3 | dependency ratio within the European Union was 1.5% during the
107 I, 3. 4 | Position:~Evidence from the European Labour Force Survey and
108 II, 4.Acr | DFLE65 at 65 years etc.)~ECHP~European Community Household Panel~
109 II, 4.Acr | Community Household Panel~EHEMU~European Health Expectancy Monitoring
110 II, 4.Acr | Expectancy Monitoring Unit~EHIS~European Health Interview Survey~
111 II, 4.Acr | Health Interview Survey~EHSS~European Health Survey System~EUROPOP
112 II, 4.Acr | EUROPOP 2004~2004-based European Population Projections,
113 II, 4.Acr | Long Term Care~MEHM~Minimum European Health Module~NCHS~National
114 II, 4. 1 | the Lisbon Strategy by the European Council, which, among others,
115 II, 4. 1 | should reach 50% by 2010, the European Commission introduced in
116 II, 4. 1 | annual report to the Spring European Council, the Commission
117 II, 4. 1 | employment (Commission of the European Communities, 2005).~ ~However,
118 II, 4. 1 | performed online through the European Health Expectancy Monitoring
119 II, 4. 1 | SILC contains the Minimum European Health Module (MEHM) which
120 II, 4. 1 | the health module in the European Health Interview Survey (
121 II, 4. 1 | were carried out using the European Community Household Panel (
122 II, 4. 1 | Relevant questions in the European Community Household Panel (
123 II, 4. 1 | shows estimates for 2005 at European level (EU25) per gender:
124 II, 4. 1 | at 50 and at 65, in the European Union (EU25), in 2005, per
125 II, 4. 1 | yet available because the European Health Survey System (EHSS)
126 II, 4. 1 | expectancy at birth (LE0), in the European Union (EU27), from 1995
127 II, 4. 1 | the Member States of the European Union (EU25), in 2005, per
128 II, 4. 1 | the Member States of the European Union in 2005 (EU25), for
129 II, 4. 1 | The calculation of HLY at European level (EU25) and for all
130 II, 4. 1 | the main criteria for the European Structural Indicators is
131 II, 4. 1 | expectancy at birth (LE0) in the European Union (EU27), in the United
132 II, 4. 1 | significantly throughout European health strategies and the
133 II, 4. 1 | which improving health of European citizens are measured. Thus
134 II, 4. 1 | increasing the health of European citizens. The White Paper “
135 II, 4. 1 | improving the health of European citizens has wider repercussions
136 II, 4. 2 | several Central and Eastern European (i.e. Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,
137 II, 4. 2 | expectancy has risen in most European countries during the last
138 II, 4. 2 | in life expectancy across European countries has become smaller
139 II, 4. 2 | However, in the Southern European countries Spain, Portugal,
140 II, 4. 2 | the other three Southern European countries. In the 1990s,
141 II, 4. 2 | eighties. Among Western European countries Denmark showed
142 II, 4. 2 | across the countries of the European Union.~ ~Table 4.2.3. Arriaga
143 II, 4. 2 | expectancy in the Eastern European countries. There are remarkable
144 II, 4. 2 | cause 14 in table 3) across European countries. For example,
145 II, 4. 2 | in Southern and Eastern European countries and relatively
146 II, 4. 2 | relatively small in Northern European countries. It is not clear
147 II, 4. 2 | these differences across European countries, the overall patterns
148 II, 4. 2 | projections of life expectancy for European countries is whether differences
149 II, 4. 2 | expectancy at birth across European countries in 1970 with the
150 II, 4. 2 | mortality for men in Eastern European countries.~ ~Figure 4.2.
151 II, 4. 2 | 1970, men.~ ~If Eastern European countries are excluded,
152 II, 4. 2 | 1970, excluding Eastern European Countries, men.~ ~If we
153 II, 4. 2 | If we exclude Eastern European countries for women as well,
154 II, 4. 2 | 1970, excluding Eastern European Countries, women.~ ~Thus
155 II, 4. 2 | Thus apart from Eastern European countries we may conclude
156 II, 4. 3 | 80.~ ~Commission of the European Communities (2005): 2005
157 II, 4. 3 | Communication to the Spring European Council: Working together
158 II, 4. 3 | Jagger, et al. (2002): European perspectives on healthy
159 II, 4. 3 | the Euro-REVES 2 project. European Journal of Public Health
160 II, 4. 3 | The Euro-REVES 2 project. European Journal of Public Health
161 II, 4. 3 | life expectancies in the European Union countries: calculation
162 II, 4. 3 | in life expectancy in the European Union since 1995: similarities
163 II, 5. 1. 1 | and morbidity within the European Union as a whole as well
164 II, 5. 1. 1 | incidence is decreasing in all European macro-areas, lung cancer
165 II, 5. 2.Acr | Diastolic Blood Pressure~ESC~European Society of Cardiology~EU~
166 II, 5. 2.Acr | Society of Cardiology~EU~European Union~EUROASPIRE~European
167 II, 5. 2.Acr | European Union~EUROASPIRE~European action on secondary prevention
168 II, 5. 2.Acr | to reduce events~EUROCISS~European Cardiovascular Indicators
169 II, 5. 2.Acr | Statistical Office of the European Community~HDL~High-density
170 II, 5. 2. 1 | deaths each year within the European Union (EU) (Allender et
171 II, 5. 2. 1 | productive life.~In most European countries CVD mortality
172 II, 5. 2. 2 | of the EUROCISS Project - European Cardiovascular Indicators
173 II, 5. 2. 2 | years using the EUROSTAT European population as standard.
174 II, 5. 2. 2 | structure differs among European countries. Moreover, among
175 II, 5. 2. 2 | 1989; Thom et al, 1985), European Society of Cardiology (Sans
176 II, 5. 2. 2 | available (2001-2003) in the European Union (EU) and the proportion
177 II, 5. 2. 2 | Latvia, Lithuania), Eastern European countries, distinguished
178 II, 5. 2. 2 | distinguished in Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic,
179 II, 5. 2. 2 | Germany) and Balkan Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary,
180 II, 5. 2. 2 | Hungary, Romania), Northern European countries (Denmark, Ireland,
181 II, 5. 2. 2 | United Kingdom), Central European countries (Belgium, Germany,
182 II, 5. 2. 2 | Slovenia) and Southern European countries (Greece, Spain,
183 II, 5. 2. 2 | in the group of Southern European countries. The country with
184 II, 5. 2. 2 | of countries send to the European organizations (EUROSTAT,
185 II, 5. 2. 2 | Data are published by the European Heart Network and come from
186 II, 5. 2. 2 | Network and come from the European Society of Cardiology, year
187 II, 5. 2. 2 | of the EUROCISS Project - European Cardiovascular Indicators
188 II, 5. 2. 2 | Baltic countries, Eastern European countries (distinguished
189 II, 5. 2. 2 | distinguished in Central Eastern European countries and Balkan Eastern
190 II, 5. 2. 2 | countries and Balkan Eastern European countries), Northern European
191 II, 5. 2. 2 | European countries), Northern European countries, Central European
192 II, 5. 2. 2 | European countries, Central European countries and Southern European
193 II, 5. 2. 2 | European countries and Southern European countries. Malta is included
194 II, 5. 2. 2 | in the group of Southern European countries. The country with
195 II, 5. 2. 3 | Age-standardized (standard European population) mortality rates
196 II, 5. 2. 3 | are those collected by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
197 II, 5. 2. 3 | the mid 1970s in Western European countries. IHD continued
198 II, 5. 2. 3 | increase was noticed in Eastern European countries up to the 1990s.
199 II, 5. 2. 3 | decrease also in Eastern European countries (approximately
200 II, 5. 2. 3 | years later than Western European countries). The decline
201 II, 5. 2. 3 | Age-standardized (standard European Population) cerebrovascular
202 II, 5. 2. 3 | Age-standardized (standard European population) mortality rates
203 II, 5. 2. 3 | Age-standardized (standard European population) mortality rates
204 II, 5. 2. 4 | stress (see the attached European Heart Health Charter Annex
205 II, 5. 2. 4 | confirmed by the results of the ‘European action on secondary prevention
206 II, 5. 2. 4 | surveys, presented by the European Society of Cardiology during
207 II, 5. 2. 4 | and 2005-6 in different European countries to describe the
208 II, 5. 2. 4 | and determine whether the European guidelines on CVD prevention
209 II, 5. 2. 5 | from 2004 (Council of the European Union - 950/04 – 2586 Council
210 II, 5. 2. 5 | control, spelt out in the European Heart Health Charter and
211 II, 5. 2. 5 | Council conclusions~· The European Union Council Conclusions,
212 II, 5. 2. 5 | Presidency, called upon the European Commission as well as the
213 II, 5. 2. 5 | National Ministries of Health, European and National representatives
214 II, 5. 2. 5 | interventions are in place in all European countries.~· Several WHO
215 II, 5. 2. 5 | conference organised by the European Society of Cardiology and
216 II, 5. 2. 5 | Society of Cardiology and the European Heart Network, with a special
217 II, 5. 2. 5 | the quality of life in the European population by reducing the
218 II, 5. 2. 5 | by the conclusions of the European Council of the 30 November
219 II, 5. 2. 5 | and 1 December 2006)~· The European Heart Health Charter was
220 II, 5. 2. 5 | with the support of the European Commission, the World Health
221 II, 5. 2. 5 | Organization (WHO-Europe), the European Heart Network and the European
222 II, 5. 2. 5 | European Heart Network and the European Society of Cardiology.~·
223 II, 5. 2. 5 | Society of Cardiology.~· The European Heart Health Charter was
224 II, 5. 2. 5 | 12 June 2007 before the European Parliament in Brussels.~ ~
225 II, 5. 2. 6 | overall population. The WHO European Action Plan for Food and
226 II, 5. 2. 6 | 89, largely prevalent in European countries, is about 2 times
227 II, 5. 2. 7 | Peto V and Rayner M (2008): European cardiovascular disease statistics.
228 II, 5. 2. 7 | Public Health 13: 55-60~European society of cardiology (2006):
229 II, 5. 2. 7 | Luxembourg – 1 and 2 June 2006. European Journal of Cardiovascular
230 II, 5. 2. 7 | 163(10): 893-902.~Gra ). European guidelines on cardiovascular
231 II, 5. 2. 7 | Luengo-Fernandez R and Gray A (2005): European cardiovascular disease statistics.
232 II, 5. 2. 7 | Europe. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on
233 II, 5. 2. 7 | Europe (2007): The Second WHO European Action Plan for Food and
234 II, 5. 3.Acr | CR~Cancer Registry~ENCR~European Network of Cancer Registries~
235 II, 5. 3.Acr | of Cancer Registries~ESMO~European Society for Medical Oncology~
236 II, 5. 3.Acr | Medical Oncology~EUROCHIP~European Cancer Health Indicator
237 II, 5. 3. 1 | of older age. The LE of European countries is still increasing,
238 II, 5. 3. 2 | States do not have yet an European recognised cancer registry (
239 II, 5. 3. 2 | regional registries. While European cancer survival figures
240 II, 5. 3. 2 | Project gave voice to the European scientific community in
241 II, 5. 3. 2 | document addresses to the European Commission Network of Competent
242 II, 5. 3. 2 | Information System in the European Union;~· cancer registries
243 II, 5. 3. 2 | Institutes of Statistics;~· European projects connecting cancer
244 II, 5. 3. 2 | 5.3.2.2 Data from European networks and projects~ ~
245 II, 5. 3. 2 | http://www.iarc.fr~ ~ENCR – European Network of Cancer Registries:
246 II, 5. 3. 2 | project is funded by the European Commission to address inequalities
247 II, 5. 3. 2 | Europe and is a recognised European imprimatur network helping
248 II, 5. 3. 2 | project, subsidized by the European Commission and started in
249 II, 5. 3. 2 | development of a common European Union Cancer Plan; evaluation
250 II, 5. 3. 2 | puDeliverable01.php~ ~MOSES II: The European Society for Medical Oncology (
251 II, 5. 3. 2 | collected data from 34 European countries regarding teaching
252 II, 5. 3. 2 | This study, looking at 19 European countries aims to determine
253 II, 5. 3. 3 | different burden in the European populations. For this reason
254 II, 5. 3. 3 | incidence estimates in the European countries for the year 2006 (
255 II, 5. 3. 3 | is available for selected European countries from the EUROCARE
256 II, 5. 3. 3 | year relative survival show European countries ordered by their
257 II, 5. 3. 4 | incidence is decreasing in all European macro-areas, lung cancer
258 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
259 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
260 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
261 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~ ~
262 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
263 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
264 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
265 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~
266 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
267 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
268 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
269 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~
270 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
271 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
272 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
273 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~
274 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
275 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
276 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
277 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~
278 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
279 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
280 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
281 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~ ~
282 II, 5. 3. 5 | per 100,000 in 2006).~Most European countries have experienced
283 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
284 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
285 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
286 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~
287 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
288 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex in 2006
289 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex A) Men~
290 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) by sex B) Women~ ~
291 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) in 2006~Figure
292 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized incidence rates (European standard)~Figure 5.3.19.
293 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) in 2006~Figure
294 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard)~ ~Cervical Cancer (
295 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) in 2002~Figure
296 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard)~Figure 5.3.23.
297 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) in the age class
298 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) in the age class
299 II, 5. 3. 5 | prostate cancer rates in European populations should take
300 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard) in 2006~Figure
301 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence estimated rates (European standard)~Figure 5.3.27.
302 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard) in 2006~Figure
303 II, 5. 3. 5 | standardized mortality rates (European standard)~ ~
304 II, 5. 3. 6 | patients survival in various European countries. The EUROCARE
305 II, 5. 3. 6 | although still under the European average. These improvements
306 II, 5. 3. 6 | consider that the prevalence of European adults with a history of
307 II, 5. 3. 6 | UK, Denmark and Eastern European countries, i.e those with
308 II, 5. 3. 6 | Sweden and in most Western European countries (France, Germany,
309 II, 5. 3. 6 | improved steadily in all European countries, but at different
310 II, 5. 3. 6 | relative to other Western European countries. Conversely, improvements
311 II, 5. 3. 6 | less evident in Eastern European countries; actually , the
312 II, 5. 3. 6 | between Eastern and Western European countries has increased (
313 II, 5. 3. 6 | countries, but not in Eastern European countries, where it has
314 II, 5. 3. 6 | in Northern and Western European countries with effective
315 II, 5. 3. 6 | still higher than in Eastern European countries where there are
316 II, 5. 3. 6 | EUROCARE-3 found that the overall European relative survival for prostate
317 II, 5. 3. 6 | 55%) (Sant et al, 2003). European 5-year relative survival
318 II, 5. 3. 6 | incidence levels, whereas the European countries with the highest
319 II, 5. 3. 6 | cancer registries in 23 European countries on 2 699 086 adult
320 II, 5. 3. 6 | survival for colorectal (European mean: 54%), lung (European
321 II, 5. 3. 6 | European mean: 54%), lung (European mean: 12%), breast (European
322 II, 5. 3. 6 | European mean: 12%), breast (European mean: 79%), prostate (European
323 II, 5. 3. 6 | European mean: 79%), prostate (European mean: 76%) cancer was higher
324 II, 5. 3. 6 | collected from 47 of the European cancer registries participating
325 II, 5. 3. 6 | breast, prostate cancers. The European mean 5-year relative survival
326 II, 5. 3. 6 | generally higher in Northern European countries and lower in Eastern
327 II, 5. 3. 6 | countries and lower in Eastern European countries, although, patients
328 II, 5. 3. 7 | recommended by the 2003 European Code Against Cancer as ways
329 II, 5. 3. 7 | priorities to be addressed at European level. Pap smear test is
330 II, 5. 3. 7 | colorectal cancer. In 2003 the European Council published recommendations
331 II, 5. 3. 7 | published recommendations to European Member States for the implementation
332 II, 5. 3. 7 | organised screening programmes (European Council, 2003). Recommendations
333 II, 5. 3. 7 | spread of best practice among European countries and pressure to
334 II, 5. 3. 7 | Competent Authorities in most European countries define, mainly
335 II, 5. 3. 7 | when survival increases.~ ~European Union activities on cancer
336 II, 5. 3. 7 | Member States and other European States in 2007~ ~ ~BELGIUM~
337 II, 5. 3. 7 | stakeholders at national and European level. EUROCAN+PLUS aim
338 II, 5. 3. 7 | trans-national level is a European added value for each NCP
339 II, 5. 3. 7 | A Declaration of the European Parliament (October 2007)
340 II, 5. 3. 7 | of a light but permanent European Cancer Initiative, which
341 II, 5. 3. 8 | also increasing, because European increase of life expectancy
342 II, 5. 3. 8 | Member States under the European recommendations)~The two
343 II, 5. 3. 8 | Europe (especially in Eastern European countries)~ ~Medium and
344 II, 5. 3. 8 | Member States. Needs of European directives)~· Reduce incidence:
345 II, 5. 3. 8 | next 10-20 years (i.e.: European implementation of the “Gaining
346 II, 5. 3. 8 | objectives (responsibility of European Union)~European guidelines
347 II, 5. 3. 8 | responsibility of European Union)~European guidelines for cancer research:
348 II, 5. 3. 8 | long term objective of the European Union should be to address
349 II, 5. 3. 8 | unable to meet. Only the European Union can promote a wide-range
350 II, 5. 3. 9 | all cancers combined for European adults diagnosed in 1995–
351 II, 5. 3. 9 | Bartelink H, et al (2003): European Code Against Cancer and
352 II, 5. 3. 9 | accessed on 9th June 2008).~ ~European Council (2003): Council
353 II, 5. 3. 9 | Europe: a proposed set of European cancer health indicators.
354 II, 5. 3. 9 | 2008).~ ~WHO (2006): The European Strategy for the Prevention
355 II, 5. 4.Acr | Diagnosis Related Groups~ECHI~European Community Health Indicators~
356 II, 5. 4.Acr | Stage Renal Failure~EUBIROD~European Best Information Through
357 II, 5. 4.Acr | Outcomes in Diabetes~EUCID~European Core Indicators for Diabetes
358 II, 5. 4.Acr | Mellitus~FEND~Federation of European Nurses in Diabetes~HIS~Health
359 II, 5. 4. 1 | diabetes prevalence in the European Region is around 7.8% (about
360 II, 5. 4. 1 | by Member States of the European Union. More effective solutions
361 II, 5. 4. 2 | Offices for Europe and the European Region of the International
362 II, 5. 4. 2 | Diabetes Federation (IDF), European Region, to agree on a set
363 II, 5. 4. 2 | mellitus is a major and growing European health problem, a problem
364 II, 5. 4. 2 | threatens at ten million European citizens.~It is within the
365 II, 5. 4. 2 | formulated at local, national and European levels.~ ~Investments now
366 II, 5. 4. 2 | finalise a series of HES at the European level are still in their
367 II, 5. 4. 2 | EUDIP project, funded by the European Commission, has delivered
368 II, 5. 4. 2 | population, adjusted for European Standard Population~12~National
369 II, 5. 4. 3 | an average of 9% for the European Region for ages between
370 II, 5. 4. 4 | should be rather obvious for European Governments: we know from
371 II, 5. 4. 6 | national health policies.~The European Commission, through this
372 II, 5. 4. 6 | field of diabetes, the “European Diabetes Indicator Project” (
373 II, 5. 4. 6 | straightforward. The subsequent “European Core Indicators in Diabetes” (
374 II, 5. 4. 6 | available throughout the European Union”. The project involved
375 II, 5. 4. 6 | collect EUDIP indicators in 20 European countries, confirming the
376 II, 5. 4. 6 | services in each country of the European Union. Benchmarking here
377 II, 5. 4. 6 | 27 EU Member States (IDF European Region 2008) had established
378 II, 5. 4. 6 | developed. Action from the European Union to provide a better
379 II, 5. 4. 6 | developing a coordinated European strategy for diabetes;~·
380 II, 5. 4. 6 | Presidency in 2006;~· the European Parliament, in April 2006,
381 II, 5. 4. 6 | in April 2006, urged the European Commission and the European
382 II, 5. 4. 6 | European Commission and the European Council to make care and
383 II, 5. 4. 6 | a priority and develop a European wide strategy to tackle
384 II, 5. 4. 6 | International Diabetes Federation – European Region (IDF Europe) and
385 II, 5. 4. 6 | Europe) and the Federation of European Nurses in Diabetes (FEND)
386 II, 5. 4. 6 | to the future work of the European Commission.~· The Council
387 II, 5. 4. 6 | Commission.~· The Council of the European Union (2006) endorsed IDF
388 II, 5. 4. 6 | professionals.~ ~To the European Commission:~ ~· Identifying
389 II, 5. 4. 6 | Facilitating and supporting European diabetes research in basic
390 II, 5. 4. 6 | to health determinants at European level, including a coherent
391 II, 5. 4. 7 | collaborative projects funded by the European Commission. In the field
392 II, 5. 4. 7 | standardised information within the European regions~The “Best Information
393 II, 5. 4. 7 | project is to build “a common European infrastructure for standardized
394 II, 5. 4. 7 | into a common initiative, “European Best Information through
395 II, 5. 4. 7 | wider perspective of the European Union, there is a need for
396 II, 5. 4. 7 | Approaches proposed by European projects may be useful in
397 II, 5. 4. 8 | 2008 Sep 25.~Council of the European Union (2006), Council Conclusions
398 II, 5. 4. 8 | De Beaufort CE (2003): European Union diabetes indicators.
399 II, 5. 4. 8 | Union diabetes indicators. European Journal of Public Health.~Dia A (
400 II, 5. 4. 8 | October 2008)~FEND, IDF European Region (2006):Diabetes:
401 II, 5. 4. 8 | Atlas Third Edition.~IDF European Region (2008): Diabetes.
402 II, 5. 5.Acr | Alzheimer’s Disease~ESEMeD~European Study of the Epidemiology
403 II, 5. 5.Int | of mental health problem (European Commission 2003), which
404 II, 5. 5.Int(8) | European Commission (2004): The State
405 II, 5. 5.Int(8) | of Mental Health in the European Union. Directorate General
406 II, 5. 5.Int | Health Organisation and the European Commission. One in four
407 II, 5. 5.Int | example, countries in the European Region spend on average
408 II, 5. 5.Int | of people in some Eastern European countries, but also in Belgium
409 II, 5. 5.Int | ii) Actions under the European Year for People with Disabilities
410 II, 5. 5.Int | iii) The adoption of a European Framework Agreement on work-related
411 II, 5. 5.Int | important source of funding for European research on mental health21.
412 II, 5. 5.Int(20)| European Commission (2004): Action
413 II, 5. 5.Int(20)| Activities co-funded from European Community Public health
414 II, 5. 5.Int | project, which carried out a European assessment of mental health
415 II, 5. 5.Int | of the results of the WHO European Ministerial Conference on
416 II, 5. 5.Int | implementation.~ ~In 2005, the European Commission launched a Green
417 II, 5. 5.Int | 2006; in December 2006 the European Commission issued a report
418 II, 5. 5.Int(21)| Decision No 182/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
419 II, 5. 5.Int(21)| Decision N° 1513/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
420 II, 5. 5.Int | Paper22.~ ~In the meantime, European networks of patients’ organizations (
421 II, 5. 5.Int | efforts and act jointly at European level.~· Strengthening and
422 II, 5. 5. 1 | suicides has a major impact on European competitiveness through
423 II, 5. 5. 1 | age distribution as the European standardised population.
424 II, 5. 5. 1 | availability from the 27 European Member States varies according
425 II, 5. 5. 1 | grouped according to the European shortlist based on ICD-10,
426 II, 5. 5. 1 | careful weighting. Thus, on European level, comparison of relative
427 II, 5. 5. 1 | SHARE study, a collaborative European survey on people aged 50
428 II, 5. 5. 1 | some Central and Eastern European countries (Romania, Bulgaria,
429 II, 5. 5. 1 | been acknowledged by the European Council recommendation already
430 II, 5. 5. 1 | treatment of depression (European Commission, 2004a)~ ~The
431 II, 5. 5. 1 | suicide and combating stigma (European Commission, 2008). The next
432 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorders and suicides (European Commission, 2004b):~ ~Mental
433 II, 5. 5. 1 | projects co-funded by the European Commission Public Health
434 II, 5. 5. 1 | Putting Mental Health on the European Agenda (1998-2000).~o Integrating
435 II, 5. 5. 1 | Mental Health Indicators for European Union (1999-2001) provided
436 II, 5. 5. 1 | and health systems.~o The European Review of Suicide and Violence
437 II, 5. 5. 1 | of Mental Health in the European Union (2002-4), included
438 II, 5. 5. 1 | and Determinants for the European level (2004-6), provided
439 II, 5. 5. 1 | of mental health in many European countries, there are still
440 II, 5. 5. 1 | should be addressed by a European strategy, referring mainly
441 II, 5. 5. 1 | inter-sectoral approaches. The European Mental Health Pact offers
442 II, 5. 5. 1 | Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology
443 II, 5. 5. 1 | Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology
444 II, 5. 5. 1 | Overview of key data from the European Study of the Epidemiology
445 II, 5. 5. 1 | North Am. 31(2):247-69.~ ~European Commission (2008). European
446 II, 5. 5. 1 | European Commission (2008). European Pact for mental Health.
447 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental Health. Brussels: European Commission, 2008. Available
448 II, 5. 5. 1 | 2008. Available at: htt ~ ~European Commission (2004a). Action
449 II, 5. 5. 1 | Activities co-funded from the European Community Public Health
450 II, 5. 5. 1 | 1997-2004). Luxembourg: European Communities and STAKES,
451 II, 5. 5. 1 | Communities and STAKES, 2004.~ ~European Commission (2004b). Actions
452 II, 5. 5. 1 | Actions against depression. European Communities, 2004. Also
453 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental health problems in six European countries. Psychiatric Services
454 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorders: results from 3 European studies. J Clin Psychiatry
455 II, 5. 5. 1 | countries participating in the "European Alliance Against Depression".
456 II, 5. 5. 2 | Acronyms~ ~EURODEM~European Community Concerted Action
457 II, 5. 5. 2 | Prevention of Dementia.~EuroCoDe~European Collaboration on Dementia~ ~ ~
458 II, 5. 5. 2 | burden for families and European long term care. The risk
459 II, 5. 5. 2 | study~ ~EURODEM stands for European Community Concerted Action
460 II, 5. 5. 2 | severe dementia in several European countries and came up with
461 II, 5. 5. 2 | 27 member states of the European Union indicate an estimated
462 II, 5. 5. 2 | also be compiled of all European epidemiological studies
463 II, 5. 5. 2 | collaboration with a group of European experts, is expected to
464 II, 5. 5. 2 | the member states of the European Union as well as in Norway,
465 II, 5. 5. 2(24)| project, financed by the European Commission with additional
466 II, 5. 5. 2 | 3 year project entitled “European Collaboration on Dementia –
467 II, 5. 5. 2 | In 1996 and 1998, the European Parliament dedicated two
468 II, 5. 5. 2 | the call for action of the European Parliament expressed in
469 II, 5. 5. 2 | other member states of the European Union, situations are likely
470 II, 5. 5. 2 | organisations therefore call on European countries to ratify the
471 II, 5. 5. 2 | and calls on national and European policy makers to consider
472 II, 5. 5. 2 | reality by:~ ~· Ensuring the European health strategy guarantees
473 II, 5. 5. 2 | the Paris declaration, the European Alzheimer’s Alliance was
474 II, 5. 5. 2 | together Members of the European Parliament committed to
475 II, 5. 5. 2 | health priority in Europe (European Parliament, 1996).~ ~
476 II, 5. 5. 2 | political priorities of the European Alzheimer movement. Available
477 II, 5. 5. 2 | Psychiatry, 17(10): 895-906~ ~European Public Health Alliance (
478 II, 5. 5. 2 | accessed on 30 November 2007)~ ~European Parliament (1996): Resolution
479 II, 5. 5. 2 | functions in the elderly and European Parliament (1998): Resolution
480 II, 5. 5. 3 | Ganglionic Degeneration~EBC~European Brain Council~GP~General
481 II, 5. 5. 3 | several Western and northern European countries (Sweden, United
482 II, 5. 5. 3 | are surveyed in certain European countries, but a European
483 II, 5. 5. 3 | European countries, but a European Union-wide data analysis
484 II, 5. 5. 3 | on national as well as at European/international level (Alexander
485 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2002 (WHO, 2004). A lot of European Union (EU) Member States,
486 II, 5. 5. 3 | collected data in participated European countries. The overview
487 II, 5. 5. 3 | anorexia and bulimia. The European project provides information
488 II, 5. 5. 3 | anorexia and bulimia in European countries~(taken from: Alexander,
489 II, 5. 5. 3 | Children in Europe)~ ~A third European study titled Healthy Lifestyle
490 II, 5. 5. 3 | priority health problems of European adolescents between 13 and
491 II, 5. 5. 3 | several Western and northern European countries (Sweden, United
492 II, 5. 5. 3 | explain the results for some European countries (Sweden, United
493 II, 5. 5. 3 | Member States in the WHO European Region. The strategy aims
494 II, 5. 5. 3 | increasing problem in Western and European countries, actions and initiatives
495 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2005).~In the future, the European Commission should support
496 II, 5. 5. 3 | health monitoring system at European Union level. We must bear
497 II, 5. 5. 3 | Organization (WHO) (2005): The European Health Report 2005 – Part
498 II, 5. 5. 3 | Disorders, Fourth Edition~ECED~European Council on Eating Disorders~
499 II, 5. 5. 3 | Examination Questionnaire~EU~European Union~EUFIC~The European
500 II, 5. 5. 3 | European Union~EUFIC~The European Food Information Council~
