Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2.Acr | Programme~EURIPA~European Rural and Isolated Practitioners
2 I, 2. 7 | 2003). EURIPA, the European Rural and Isolated Practitioners
3 I, 2. 7 | means of transportation.~ ~Rural neglect. As the section
4 I, 2. 7 | environmental health determinants in rural places and villages. It
5 I, 2. 11 | utilization among residents of a rural region. Health Services
6 II, 5. 5. 1| employment status, education and rural/urban living and thus compare
7 II, 5. 5. 3| well as no effect of urban, rural, and mixed habitation area.
8 II, 5. 5. 3| mental health problems in a rural town. Aust N Z J Psychiatry.
9 II, 5. 5. 3| whether the study was in a rural or urban location and whether
10 II, 5. 5. 3| a door-to-door survey in rural Bolivia. Parkinsonism Relat
11 II, 5. 8. 3| 1711 middle-aged men of two rural Finnish cohorts, which were
12 II, 5. 8. 4| 1711 middle-aged men of two rural Finnish cohorts, which were
13 II, 5. 8. 7| follow-up in middle-aged rural men. Chest 2006; 130: 1129-
14 II, 5. 9.Acr| Against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments~QoL~Quality
15 II, 5. 9. 2| Against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments), under the
16 II, 5. 9. 4| Farm children living in a rural area suffer less frequently
17 II, 8. 2. 3| subjective hearing problems in a rural Danish population aged 31-
18 II, 9. 1. 1| avoidable mortality in a Dutch rural region: a retrospective
19 II, 9. 2. 2| may be living in extreme rural and urban poverty, and are
20 II, 9. 3. 2| avoidable mortality in a Dutch rural region: a retrospective
21 III, 10. 1 | consumer products~Urban, Rural and Industrial~Age~Climatic
22 III, 10. 3. 4| cases were reported more in rural villages than in provincial
23 III, 10. 3. 4| already limited income of rural families. The mass media
24 III, 10. 4. 3| rural areas: only 30–40% of rural households in Eastern-European
25 III, 10. 4. 3| rural areas: only 30–40% of rural households have access to
26 III, 10. 4. 5| widespread, especially in rural more than in urban areas.~ ~
27 III, 10. 5. 1| large-scale migration from rural to urban areas and led to
28 III, 10. 5. 1| and noise exposure in many rural places but tend to be looked
29 III, 10. 5. 1| city may spread to former rural and forested areas, thus
30 III, 10. 5. 1| relation to smaller and rural human settlements.~Most
31 III, 10. 5. 1| for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK.~Desai MA, Mehta
32 III, 10. 5. 1| sanitation target: the urban and rural challenge of the decade.
33 III, 10. 5. 1| for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs~ECHI~European Community
34 III, 10. 5. 2| 10.5.2. Urban and rural populations~ ~
35 III, 10. 5. 2| definition of “urban” and “rural”. First of all, these areas
36 III, 10. 5. 2| urbanism” and then label as “rural” what does not fall under “
37 III, 10. 5. 2| that the dualism between rural and urban areas may be more
38 III, 10. 5. 2| categories (urban versus rural), but also defined an intermediate
39 III, 10. 5. 2| easily considered as urban or rural based on the profile of
40 III, 10. 5. 2| health status of urban and rural populations strongly depends
41 III, 10. 5. 2| given study – urban and rural are defined (Johnson-Webb
42 III, 10. 5. 2| differences between urban and rural populations may be expressed
43 III, 10. 5. 2| variation between urban and rural settlement are for example
44 III, 10. 5. 2| EURIPA, the Institute of Rural Health (UK) and a number
45 III, 10. 5. 2| Eurofound, Institute of Rural Health, EURIPA etc.)~Gaps
46 III, 10. 5. 2| provision – between urban and rural setting, as well as adequate
47 III, 10. 5. 2| irrespective of the country, the rural population is some years
48 III, 10. 5. 2| rate is slightly lower in rural than in urban areas (OECD,
49 III, 10. 5. 2| educational differences, with rural residents being 1.3 times
50 III, 10. 5. 2| green spaces in urban and rural setting~ ~Health data~ ~
51 III, 10. 5. 2| definition of “urban” and “rural” is not comparable. Therefore,
52 III, 10. 5. 2| prevalence of poor health from rural to urban areas (O`Reilly
53 III, 10. 5. 2| Differences in death rates between rural and city areas were evident
54 III, 10. 5. 2| bring disadvantages to the rural population. Similar (although
55 III, 10. 5. 2| different between urbanized and rural parts of the same country.~ ~
56 III, 10. 5. 2| countries, the data show that rural residents more often define
57 III, 10. 5. 2| is posing a challenge to rural health services. Mostly,
58 III, 10. 5. 2| problems between urban and rural residents, showing that
59 III, 10. 5. 2| NIVEL, 2006). However, for rural females less problems were
60 III, 10. 5. 2| Health problems in urban and rural citizens in the Netherlands~ ~
61 III, 10. 5. 2| prevalence in urban and rural male citizens in the Netherlands~ ~
62 III, 10. 5. 2| citizens in the Netherlands~ ~A rural health profile of the UK (
63 III, 10. 5. 2| North West UK) stated that rural populations face broadly
64 III, 10. 5. 2| Wood, 2004). Even more, the Rural White Paper of the UK government
65 III, 10. 5. 2| stated that the health of rural residents is as good or
66 III, 10. 5. 2| urban settings (Male: 909 in rural versus 597 in urban places;
67 III, 10. 5. 2| urban places; Female: 667 in rural versus 322 in urban places).
68 III, 10. 5. 2| disadvantaged compared to their rural counterparts. Another survey
69 III, 10. 5. 2| indicators in England identified rural patients as associated to
70 III, 10. 5. 2| prevalence for girls in rural and urban settings (8.5%),
71 III, 10. 5. 2| number of health effects, rural citizens may have a considerable
72 III, 10. 5. 2| on the question whether rural citizens are more or less
73 III, 10. 5. 2| In the US, the National Rural Health Association (NRHA)
74 III, 10. 5. 2| national health systems in rural and less populated areas
75 III, 10. 5. 2| Sweden, United Kingdom~Rural: 20~Urban: 18~EU countries
76 III, 10. 5. 2| Portugal, Slovenia, Spain~Rural: 27~Urban: 24~ ~EU countries
77 III, 10. 5. 2| Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia~Rural: 34~Urban: 17~ ~2006-Accession
78 III, 10. 5. 2| Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey~Rural: 58~Urban: 47~ ~EU25~ ~Rural:
79 III, 10. 5. 2| Rural: 58~Urban: 47~ ~EU25~ ~Rural: 23~Urban: 20~ ~ ~ ~Adapted
80 III, 10. 5. 2| the equity of urban and rural citizens with regard to
81 III, 10. 5. 2| main barriers to effective rural emergency practice, most
82 III, 10. 5. 2| specific characteristics of rural health practice:~• increased
83 III, 10. 5. 2| distance and travel ~• specific rural illness, e.g. zoonoses ~•
84 III, 10. 5. 2| and mortality in urban and rural regions. Therefore, it is
85 III, 10. 5. 2| answering the question whether rural or urban residents are more
86 III, 10. 5. 2| statements on the urban and rural differences of health status
87 III, 10. 5. 2| evidence, it seems that rural residents are disadvantaged
88 III, 10. 5. 2| while in many cases lower rural disease prevalence rates
89 III, 10. 5. 2| recognition of the relevance of rural health services, but there
90 III, 10. 5. 2| and consistent review of rural and urban health conditions
91 III, 10. 5. 2| improvement or stabilization of rural health services. However,
92 III, 10. 5. 2| benefits and capacities for rural health service development
93 III, 10. 5. 2| 2005): Healthcare in a rural setting. BMA Board of Science.~
94 III, 10. 5. 2| AttachmentsByTitle/PDFrural/$FILE/rural.pdf (accessed on 16 January
95 III, 10. 5. 2| Campbell NC et al. (2000): Rural factors and survival from
96 III, 10. 5. 2| future. A fair deal for rural England. The Stationary
97 III, 10. 5. 2| Gesler WM (1997): What is rural? Issues and considerations.
98 III, 10. 5. 2| considerations. Journal of Rural Health. 13(3), 253-256.~ ~
99 III, 10. 5. 2| improvement of emergency rural health care. Rural and Remote
100 III, 10. 5. 2| emergency rural health care. Rural and Remote Health 5, on-line
101 III, 10. 5. 2| New Zealand (2007): Urban–Rural Health Comparisons: Key
102 III, 10. 5. 2| Ministry of Health.~ ~National Rural Health Association (no date
103 III, 10. 5. 2| What`s different about rural health care? [http://www.
104 III, 10. 5. 2| tool for studying urban/rural health and health care utilization
105 III, 10. 5. 2| Research, Utrecht) at the Rural Health Conference, Lodi,
106 III, 10. 5. 2| Connolly S (2007): Urban and rural variations in morbidity
107 III, 10. 5. 2| 2002): Stroke in urban and rural populations in North-East
108 III, 10. 5. 2| September 2007)~ ~Wood J (2004): Rural Health and Healthcare: a
109 III, 10. 5. 2| European Union~EURIPA~ European Rural and Isolated Practitioners
110 III, 10. 5. 2| Services Research~NRHA~National Rural Health Association~OECD~
111 IV, 11. 3. 1| to attract physicians to rural and deprived urban areas.
112 IV, 11. 3. 1| involves training specific to rural practice. Norway and Sweden
113 IV, 11. 3. 1| students and to train them in rural health issues. Financial
114 IV, 11. 6. 4| status, low birthweight (and rural cost adjustment)~Norway~
115 IV, 11. 6. 4| Age, sex, mortality (and rural costs)~Slovakia~5 health
