| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | available data (see Appendix 5) for preparing the Report
2 -, 1 | Report, constituting its 5 Parts, has been structured
3 I, 2. 1 | in EU15 than the roughly 5% accounted for by the financial
4 I, 2. 2 | well as on supply. The 17.5% increase of international
5 I, 2. 3 | migration and over the last 5 years, EU net migrant inflows
6 I, 2. 5 | 2.5. Unemployment rates and
7 I, 2. 5 | During the period 2006-2007 6.5 million new jobs have been
8 I, 2. 5 | 2030 (older workers + 15.5%, young adults -10%).~ ~
9 I, 2. 5 | at which people retire by 5 years (the Barcelona target).
10 I, 2. 6 | education (i.e. ISCED levels 5 or 6) in 2003/2004~ ~This
11 I, 2. 6 | men enrolled in ISCED in 5 level programmes in EU Member
12 I, 2. 6 | graduating with ISCED level 5 qualifications in the EU25,
13 I, 2. 6 | programmes at ISCED level 5, outnumbering men by more
14 I, 2. 7 | expected to increase to almost 5 billion (UNFPA, 2007). In
15 I, 2. 9 | increases in Europe between 1.0–5.5 °C by the end of the century,
16 I, 2. 9 | in Europe between 1.0–5.5 °C by the end of the century,
17 I, 2. 9 | increases by between 0.2 and 5.5 % for every 1 °C increase
18 I, 2. 9 | increases by between 0.2 and 5.5 % for every 1 °C increase
19 I, 2. 10. 2 | Iron-oxide nanoparticles (5-100 nm range) are used for
20 I, 2. 10. 3(7) | Review. Geneva, ILO; 134(4-5),587-603.~
21 I, 2. 10. 5 | 2.10.5. Health technology assessment~ ~
22 I, 2. 11 | Review. Geneva, ILO; 134(4-5),587-603~International Labour
23 I, 2. 11 | Health Perspectives, 115(1), 5-12~Suhrcke M, McKee M, Sauto
24 I, 3. 1 | children per woman) was below 2.5 only in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,
25 I, 3. 1 | fertility rates below 1.5 in 2005.~ ~The overall fertility
26 I, 3. 1 | the percentage was about 5. In general, the percentages
27 I, 3. 2 | population to 6% in 2025 and 5% in 2050 (EUROSTAT). During
28 I, 3. 2 | lowest was in Bulgaria (-5%).~ ~Figure 3.2. Population
29 I, 3. 2 | Netherlands and the UK between 5 and 10%. Five Countries
30 I, 3. 2 | the UK (7%), Poland ( 5%), Italy (3%) and Netherlands (
31 I, 3. 2 | migration and over the last 5 years, EU net migrant inflows
32 I, 3. 3 | EU27 in 2006~ ~Figure 3.5. Age composition in the
33 I, 3. 3 | Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5). Since population pyramids
34 I, 3. 3 | trend in ageing. Figure 3.5.3 shows the percentage of
35 I, 3. 3 | from 21.6 in 1980 to 25.5 in 2005. The country specific
36 I, 3. 3 | the European Union was 1.5% during the last 20 years.
37 I, 3. 3 | Portugal (1.6%) and Spain (1.5%).~ ~Nevertheless, some
38 II, 4. 1 | years for women including 5 to 6 years with severe limitations.
39 II, 4. 1 | of 50 is much smaller, 1.5 years, than the total longevity
40 II, 4. 1 | If we consider a gain of 5% between 1995 and 2001 to
41 II, 4. 1 | compression and a loss of 5% to signify expansion then
42 II, 4. 1 | range from 65.3 years to 78.5 years (13.2 years gap) for
43 II, 4. 1 | gap) for men and from 76.5 years to 84.0 years (7.5
44 II, 4. 1 | 5 years to 84.0 years (7.5 years gap) for women. The
45 II, 4. 1 | respectively from 48.0 years to 68.5 years (20.5 years gap) for
46 II, 4. 1 | years to 68.5 years (20.5 years gap) for men and from
47 II, 4. 1 | years to 23.6 years (14.5 years gap) for men and from
48 II, 4. 1 | 50 the HLY gaps reach 14.5 years for men and 13.7 years
49 II, 4. 1 | Welfare, 2006).5~ ~ ~Table 4.1.5. Life expectancy at birth (
50 II, 4. 1 | per gender~ ~Table 4.1.5 shows firstly that by 2005
51 II, 4. 1 | that gender gaps range from 5.2 years in the USA to 7
52 II, 4. 1 | annually) and EHIS (every 5 years) will provide the
53 II, 4. 2 | cancer (causes 2, 3, 4 and 5 in table 3), had a smaller
54 II, 4. 2 | selected countries~ ~Table 4.2.5 shows that cancers caused
55 II, 4. 2 | in the 1980s.~ ~Table 4.2.5. The effect of smoking related
56 II, 4. 2 | if we compare Figure 4.2.5 with Figure 4.2.2). In that
57 II, 4. 2 | take 30 years.~ ~Figure 4.2.5. Relationship between the
58 II, 5 | 5.~HEALTH IMPACTS OF NON COMMUNICABLE
59 II, 5. 1 | 5.1. Introduction~ ~
60 II, 5. 1. 1 | 5.1.1. Main non-communicable
61 II, 5. 1. 1 | each Member States (Figure 5.1.1). At individual level,
62 II, 5. 1. 1 | non-communicable diseases (Table 5.1.1). On the other hand,
63 II, 5. 1. 1 | all conditions.~ ~Figure 5.1.1a. Proportion of cardiovascular
64 II, 5. 1. 1 | EU27 – A) Women~ ~Figure 5.1.1b. Proportion of cardiovascular
65 II, 5. 1. 1 | EU27 – B) Men.~ ~ ~ ~Table 5.1.1. Risk factors for non-communicable
66 II, 5. 1. 1 | and problems~See section 5.6.~Respiratory diseases
67 II, 5. 1. 1 | associated with smoking more than 5 cigarettes per day was about
68 II, 5. 1. 1 | periodontitis and make them 2-5 times more susceptible to
69 II, 5. 1. 2 | 5.1.2. Patient centeredness~ ~
70 II, 5. 1. 3 | 5.1.3. Therapeutic patient
71 II, 5. 1. 4 | 5.1.4. Participation of patients
72 II, 5. 2 | 5.2. Cardiovascular diseases~ ~
73 II, 5. 2. 1 | 5.2.1. Introduction~ ~Diseases
74 II, 5. 2. 2 | 5.2.2. Data sources~The magnitude
75 II, 5. 2. 2 | 5.2.2.1. Ischemic heart disease~ ~
76 II, 5. 2. 2 | 5.2.2.2. Stroke~ ~Mortality~
77 II, 5. 2. 2 | 5.2.2.3 Risk factors~CVD clinically
78 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.3. Data description and
79 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.3.1. Ischemic heart disease~ ~
80 II, 5. 2. 3 | of deaths in EU (Figure 5.1.1). Around half of the
81 II, 5. 2. 3 | As explained in chapter 5.2.2 ‘Data sources’, it was
82 II, 5. 2. 3 | Europe countries (Table 5.2.1). According to the most
83 II, 5. 2. 3 | 167 in Latvia).~ ~Table 5.2.1. Ischemic heart diseases (
84 II, 5. 2. 3 | men are shown in Figure 5.2.1: in all countries from
85 II, 5. 2. 3 | be found in women (Figure 5.2.2) for whom mortality
86 II, 5. 2. 3 | 23 per 100.000).~ ~Figure 5.2.1. Age-standardized mortality
87 II, 5. 2. 3 | aged 35-74 years~ ~Figure 5.2.2. Age-standardized mortality
88 II, 5. 2. 3 | years~ ~Morbidity~ ~Table 5.2.2 shows IHD and AMI hospital
89 II, 5. 2. 3 | in medical care.~ ~Table 5.2.2. Crude hospital discharge
90 II, 5. 2. 3 | considered and reported in Table 5.2.3 (Allender et al, 2008).
91 II, 5. 2. 3 | patients with IHD.~ ~Table 5.2.3. Crude rates per 1 million
92 II, 5. 2. 3 | Project, reported in Table 5.2.4; here we can see mean
93 II, 5. 2. 3 | Working Group, 2003).~ ~Table 5.2.4. WHO-MONICA 13 EU population.
94 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.3.2. Stroke~Data on morbidity
95 II, 5. 2. 3 | among countries.~ ~Table 5.2.5. Age-standardized (standard
96 II, 5. 2. 3 | among countries.~ ~Table 5.2.5. Age-standardized (standard
97 II, 5. 2. 3 | higher. As shown in table 5.2.5, in the age range 75-
98 II, 5. 2. 3 | higher. As shown in table 5.2.5, in the age range 75-84
99 II, 5. 2. 3 | men are shown in Figure 5.2.3; from 1994 to 2003 mortality
100 II, 5. 2. 3 | Eastern Europe.~ ~Figure 5.2.3. Age-standardized (standard
101 II, 5. 2. 3 | be found in women (Figure 5.2.4) for which mortality
102 II, 5. 2. 3 | Europe countries.~ ~Figure 5.2.4. Age-standardized (standard
103 II, 5. 2. 3 | years~ ~Morbidity~ ~Table 5.2.2 also shows stroke hospital
104 II, 5. 2. 3 | data are reported in Table 5.2.6: here mean attack rates
105 II, 5. 2. 3 | Sarti et al, 2003).~ ~Table 5.2.6. WHO-MONICA Project
106 II, 5. 2. 4 | 5.2.4. Risk factors~ ~
107 II, 5. 2. 4 | 5.2.4.1. Risk factors in primary
108 II, 5. 2. 4 | examination surveys. Table 5.2.7 (htt b, 2007) provides
109 II, 5. 2. 4 | 90 mmHg; 160 mmHg).~Table 5.2.8 shows data on total
110 II, 5. 2. 4 | different existing definitions ( 5.2 mmol/l, 6.2, 6.5 or 7.
111 II, 5. 2. 4 | definitions ( 5.2 mmol/l, 6.2, 6.5 or 7.8) and difficulties
112 II, 5. 2. 4 | among elderly women.~Table 5.2.9 reports smoking habit
113 II, 5. 2. 4 | also Chapter 8).~ ~Table 5.2.7. Estimated prevalence
114 II, 5. 2. 4 | 22 EU countries.~ ~Table 5.2.8. Estimated mean values
115 II, 5. 2. 4 | different age ranges.~ ~Table 5.2.9. Estimated prevalence
116 II, 5. 2. 4 | Obesity and overweight (Table 5.2.10) are also included
117 II, 5. 2. 4 | et al, 2008) (see Chapter 5.1.4). Recent evidence suggests
118 II, 5. 2. 4 | also Chapter 10).~ ~Table 5.2.10. Estimated prevalence
119 II, 5. 2. 4 | WHO-MONICA Project (Table 5.2.11) collected between
120 II, 5. 2. 4 | environmental conditions.~ ~Table 5.2.11. Prevalence of smoking (%),
121 II, 5. 2. 4 | been smokers (see Chapter 5.1.2.).~Unfortunately, despite
122 II, 5. 2. 5 | 5.2.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
123 II, 5. 2. 5 | 5.2.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
124 II, 5. 2. 5 | 5.2.5.1. Prevention~ ~In 1982,
125 II, 5. 2. 5 | 5.2.5.1. Prevention~ ~In 1982,
126 II, 5. 2. 5 | environment see Sections 5.1. or 5.2.; for diabetes
127 II, 5. 2. 5 | environment see Sections 5.1. or 5.2.; for diabetes mellitus
128 II, 5. 2. 5 | mellitus see Section 3.1.5. Annex 1 is also relevant
129 II, 5. 2. 5 | 5.2.5.2. Policy~ ~· In 2002,
130 II, 5. 2. 5 | 5.2.5.2. Policy~ ~· In 2002, the
131 II, 5. 2. 6 | 5.2.6. Future developments~ ~
132 II, 5. 2. 6 | by 1% will induce within 5 years a 1% reduction of
133 II, 5. 2. 6 | salt) intake to less than 1,5 g (3,8 g) per day, an increased
134 II, 5. 2. 6 | references can be found in 5.2.7)~Baigent C, Keech A,
135 II, 5. 2. 7 | 5.2.7. References~Allender
136 II, 5. 3 | 5.3. Cancer~ ~
137 II, 5. 3. 1 | 5.3.1 Introduction~ ~Cancer
138 II, 5. 3. 1 | diagnosis (i.e. 1-year, 3-years, 5-years after diagnosis);~ ~
139 II, 5. 3. 1 | health relevance. Table 5.3.1 shows the burden of
140 II, 5. 3. 1 | estimated in 2006.~ ~Table 5.3.1. Estimated incident
141 II, 5. 3. 2 | 5.3.2 Data sources~ ~
142 II, 5. 3. 2 | 5.3.2.1 Cancer Registration~ ~
143 II, 5. 3. 2 | 5.3.2.2 Data from European
144 II, 5. 3. 3 | 5.3.3 Data presentation~ ~
145 II, 5. 3. 3 | as supplied by the WHO.~- 5-year relative survival for
146 II, 5. 3. 3 | incidence, mortality and 5-year relative survival show
147 II, 5. 3. 4 | 5.3.3 Risk factors~ ~The majority
148 II, 5. 3. 5 | 5.3.4 Mortality and incidence
149 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence rates (Figures 5.3.1) were estimated in Hungary
150 II, 5. 3. 5 | mortality rates (Figures 5.3.3) were estimated in Hungary
151 II, 5. 3. 5 | cases per 100,000, Figure 5.3.2a) and in Northern Europe
152 II, 5. 3. 5 | cases per 100,000, Figure 5.3.2b), while the highest
153 II, 5. 3. 5 | deaths per 100,000, Figure 5.3.4a) and again in Northern
154 II, 5. 3. 5 | deaths per 100,000, Figure 5.3.4b).~Figures 5.3.2 show
155 II, 5. 3. 5 | Figure 5.3.4b).~Figures 5.3.2 show that incidence
156 II, 5. 3. 5 | On the contrary, Figures 5.3.4 show that mortality
157 II, 5. 3. 5 | constant for women.~ ~Figure 5.3.1a. All cancer (ICD9 140-
158 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.1b. All cancer (ICD9 140-
159 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.2a. Trends of all cancer (
160 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.2b. Trends of all cancer (
161 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex B) Women~ ~ ~Figure 5.3.3a. All cancer (ICD9 140-
162 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.3b. All cancer (ICD9 140-
163 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.4a. Trends of all cancer (
164 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.4b. Trends of all cancer (
165 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence rates (Figures 5.3.5) were estimated in Macedonia
166 II, 5. 3. 5 | incidence rates (Figures 5.3.5) were estimated in Macedonia
167 II, 5. 3. 5 | mortality rates (Figures 5.3.7) were estimated in Lithuania
168 II, 5. 3. 5 | for men and women (Figures 5.3.5 and Figures 5.3.7).
169 II, 5. 3. 5 | men and women (Figures 5.3.5 and Figures 5.3.7). Stomach
170 II, 5. 3. 5 | Figures 5.3.5 and Figures 5.3.7). Stomach cancer incidence (
171 II, 5. 3. 5 | mortality trends (Figures 5.3.8) are decreasing both
172 II, 5. 3. 5 | and mortality.~ ~Figure 5.3.5a. Stomach cancer (ICD9
173 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.5b. Stomach cancer (ICD9
174 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.6a. Trends of stomach
175 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.6b. Trends of stomach
176 II, 5. 3. 5 | by sex B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.7a. Stomach cancer (ICD9
177 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.7b. Stomach cancer (ICD9
178 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.8a. Trends of stomach
179 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.8b. Trends of stomach
180 II, 5. 3. 5 | Ferlay et al, 2007). Figures 5.3.9 show that maximum incidence
181 II, 5. 3. 5 | for men and women (Figures 5.3.10) (65 new cases in men
182 II, 5. 3. 5 | 100,000 in women). Figures 5.3.11 show that Hungary,
183 II, 5. 3. 5 | Europe mainly for men (Figure 5.3.10a). Male mortality rates (
184 II, 5. 3. 5 | mortality rates (Figure 5.3.12a) are declining in
185 II, 5. 3. 5 | Southern Europe.~ ~Figure 5.3.9a. Colorectal cancer (
186 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.9b. Colorectal cancer (
187 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.10a. Trends of colorectal
188 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.10b. Trends of colorectal
189 II, 5. 3. 5 | by sex B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.11a. Colorectal cancer (
190 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.11b. Colorectal cancer (
191 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.12a. Trends of colorectal
192 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.12b. Trends of colorectal
193 II, 5. 3. 5 | rates are lower.~Figures 5.3.13a and 5.3.15a show that
194 II, 5. 3. 5 | lower.~Figures 5.3.13a and 5.3.15a show that Hungary
195 II, 5. 3. 5 | levels of incidence (Figure 5.3.14a) and mortality (Figure
196 II, 5. 3. 5 | 14a) and mortality (Figure 5.3.16a) rates (in respect
197 II, 5. 3. 5 | maximum incidence (Figure 5.3.14b) and mortality (Figure
198 II, 5. 3. 5 | 14b) and mortality (Figure 5.3.16b) rates for women (
199 II, 5. 3. 5 | considered as shown in Figures 5.3.14a and 5.3.16a. In contrast,
200 II, 5. 3. 5 | shown in Figures 5.3.14a and 5.3.16a. In contrast, incidence
201 II, 5. 3. 5 | increasing for women (Figure 5.3.14b and 5.3.16b).~ ~Figure
202 II, 5. 3. 5 | women (Figure 5.3.14b and 5.3.16b).~ ~Figure 5.3.13a.
203 II, 5. 3. 5 | 14b and 5.3.16b).~ ~Figure 5.3.13a. Lung cancer (ICD9
204 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.13b. Lung cancer (ICD9
205 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.14a. Trends of lung cancer (
206 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.14b. Trends of lung cancer (
207 II, 5. 3. 5 | by sex B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.15a. Lung cancer (ICD9
208 II, 5. 3. 5 | sex in 2006 A) Men~Figure 5.3.15b. Lung cancer (ICD9
209 II, 5. 3. 5 | in 2006 B) Women~ ~Figure 5.3.16a. Trends of lung cancer (
210 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) by sex A) Men~Figure 5.3.16b. Trends of lung cancer (
211 II, 5. 3. 5 | screening implementation.~Figure 5.3.17 shows that the maximum
212 II, 5. 3. 5 | associated with GDP.~Figure 5.3.19 shows that in 2007
213 II, 5. 3. 5 | Mortality trends (Figure 5.3.20) are decreasing in
214 II, 5. 3. 5 | Eastern Europe.~ ~Figure 5.3.17. Female breast cancer (
215 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) in 2006~Figure 5.3.18. Trends of female breast
216 II, 5. 3. 5 | European standard)~Figure 5.3.19. Female breast cancer (
217 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) in 2006~Figure 5.3.20. Trends of female breast
218 II, 5. 3. 5 | associated with GDP (Figure 5.3.21). This could be caused
219 II, 5. 3. 5 | Northern Europe (Figure 5.3.22 and Figure 5.3.24)
220 II, 5. 3. 5 | Figure 5.3.22 and Figure 5.3.24) where there are well-developed
221 II, 5. 3. 5 | screening programs.~ ~Figure 5.3.21. Cervical cancer (ICD9
222 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) in 2002~Figure 5.3.22. Trends of cervical
223 II, 5. 3. 5 | European standard)~Figure 5.3.23. Uterus cancer standardized
224 II, 5. 3. 5 | 20-44 in 1996-2001~Figure 5.3.24. Trends of uterus cancer
225 II, 5. 3. 5 | associated with GDP (Figure 5.3.25) possibly due to the
226 II, 5. 3. 5 | Southern Europe (Figure 5.3.26) reflects the PSA test
227 II, 5. 3. 5 | Mortality rates by years (Figure 5.3.28) are constant in Northern
228 II, 5. 3. 5 | Eastern Europe.~ ~Figure 5.3.25. Prostate cancer (ICD9
229 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) in 2006~Figure 5.3.26. Trends of prostate
230 II, 5. 3. 5 | European standard)~Figure 5.3.27. Prostate cancer (ICD9
231 II, 5. 3. 5 | standard) in 2006~Figure 5.3.28. Trends of prostate
232 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5 Survival data discussion~ ~
233 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5 Survival data discussion~ ~
234 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5.1 Childhood cancer survival~ ~
235 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5.1 Childhood cancer survival~ ~
236 II, 5. 3. 6 | 1994. Sex-and-age-adjusted 5-year survival trends for
237 II, 5. 3. 6 | childhood cancers combined, 5-years survival increased
238 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5.2 Adult cancer survival~ ~
239 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5.2 Adult cancer survival~ ~
240 II, 5. 3. 6 | For this reason Figures 5.3.29 show 5-year relative
241 II, 5. 3. 6 | reason Figures 5.3.29 show 5-year relative survival for
242 II, 5. 3. 6 | than men. Countries with 5-year relative survival higher
243 II, 5. 3. 6 | Sant et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.29a. All cancers (ICD9
244 II, 5. 3. 6 | age- and site-standardized 5-year relative survival by
245 II, 5. 3. 6 | December 1999 A) Men~Figure 5.3.29b. All cancers (ICD9
246 II, 5. 3. 6 | age- and site-standardized 5-year relative survival by
247 II, 5. 3. 6 | level of prognosis (Figures 5.3.30). 5-year relative survival
248 II, 5. 3. 6 | prognosis (Figures 5.3.30). 5-year relative survival was
249 II, 5. 3. 6 | Sant et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.30a. Stomach cancer (ICD9
250 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 151) age-standardized 5-year relative survival by
251 II, 5. 3. 6 | December 1999 A) Men~Figure 5.3.30b. Stomach cancer (ICD9
252 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 151) age-standardized 5-year relative survival by
253 II, 5. 3. 6 | December 1999 B) Women~ ~5-year colorectal cancer relative
254 II, 5. 3. 6 | relative survival (Figures 5.3.31) was over than 48%
255 II, 5. 3. 6 | indicate that in Europe 5-year relative survival for
256 II, 5. 3. 6 | Sant et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.31a. Colorectal cancer (
257 II, 5. 3. 6 | 153,154) age-standardized 5-year relative survival by
258 II, 5. 3. 6 | December 1999 A) Men~Figure 5.3.31b. Colorectal cancer (
259 II, 5. 3. 6 | 153,154) age-standardized 5-year relative survival by
260 II, 5. 3. 6 | poor, with age-adjusted 5-year relative survival ~
261 II, 5. 3. 6 | in men and women (Figures 5.3.32). Estimates of 1-year
262 II, 5. 3. 6 | survival improvement in time. 5-year age-adjusted relative
263 II, 5. 3. 6 | Europe increased from 7.5% in men diagnosed in 1983–
264 II, 5. 3. 6 | Sant et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.32a. Lung cancer (ICD9
265 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 162) age-standardized 5-year relative survival by
266 II, 5. 3. 6 | December 1999 A) Men~Figure 5.3.32b. Lung cancer (ICD9
267 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 162) age-standardized 5-year relative survival by
268 II, 5. 3. 6 | is relatively good, with 5-year relative survival (
269 II, 5. 3. 6 | relative survival (Figure 5.3.33) exceeding 75% in most
270 II, 5. 3. 6 | Malta and Portugal had 5-year age-standardised survival
271 II, 5. 3. 6 | Slovakia and Slovenia) with 5-year relative survival rate
272 II, 5. 3. 6 | Coleman et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.33. Female breast cancer (
273 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 174) age-standardized 5-year relative survival.
274 II, 5. 3. 6 | to 31st December 1999~ ~5-year relative survival for
275 II, 5. 3. 6 | in Sweden (70%) (Figure 5.3.34) (Sant et al, 2003).
276 II, 5. 3. 6 | Coleman et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.34. Cervical cancer (ICD9
277 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 180) age-standardized 5-year relative survival.
278 II, 5. 3. 6 | survival for prostate cancer 5 years after diagnosis stood
279 II, 5. 3. 6 | diagnosis stood at 67% (Figure 5.3.35). 5-year relative survival
280 II, 5. 3. 6 | at 67% (Figure 5.3.35). 5-year relative survival rates
281 II, 5. 3. 6 | Sant et al, 2003). European 5-year relative survival increased
282 II, 5. 3. 6 | Exceptional increases in 5-year relative survival for
283 II, 5. 3. 6 | Coleman et al, 2003).~ ~Figure 5.3.35. Prostate cancer (ICD9
284 II, 5. 3. 6 | ICD9 185) age-standardized 5-year relative survival.
285 II, 5. 3. 6 | December, 2003.~Age-adjusted 5-year relative survival for
286 II, 5. 3. 6 | in the EUROCARE-4 study. 5-year period relative survival
287 II, 5. 3. 6 | all cancers, age-adjusted 5-year period survival improved
288 II, 5. 3. 6 | cancers. The European mean 5-year relative survival was
289 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6 Control tools and policies~ ~
290 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.1 Primary prevention~ ~
291 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.2 Early diagnosis (secondary
292 II, 5. 3. 7 | pre-cancer lesions (with 3 or 5 years of interval); women
293 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.3. Oncologic care and
294 II, 5. 3. 7 | as increases in costs >5% are often difficult to
295 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.4 Cancer Plans~ ~Definition
296 II, 5. 3. 7 | Member States (see Table 5.3.2) consider national cancer
297 II, 5. 3. 7 | cancer control.~ ~Table 5.3.2. Cancer national control
298 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.5 Research collaboration~ ~
299 II, 5. 3. 7 | 5.3.6.5 Research collaboration~ ~
300 II, 5. 3. 8 | 5.3.7 Future developments~ ~
301 II, 5. 3. 9 | 5.3.8 References~ ~Berrino
302 II, 5. 3. 9 | century. Ann Oncol 14 (suppl 5):v128-v149.~ ~ESMO (2006):
303 II, 5. 3. 9 | commentary. Ann Oncol 14 (suppl 5):v61-v118.~ ~Stewart BW,
304 II, 5. 4 | 5.4. Diabetes~
305 II, 5. 4. 1 | 5.4.1 Introduction~Diabetes
306 II, 5. 4. 1 | the next 20 years. (Figure 5.4.1). The latest edition
307 II, 5. 4. 1 | reports a prevalence of 8.5% in the EU 27 Member States,
308 II, 5. 4. 1 | 1998; Wild 2004).~ ~Figure 5.4.1. The Growing Diabetes
309 II, 5. 4. 1 | worldwide prevalence of 7.5%, estimated to increase
310 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2 Data sources~ ~ ~
311 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2 Data sources~ ~The different
312 II, 5. 4. 2 | fundamental recommendations (Table 5.4.1). The Declaration acknowledged
313 II, 5. 4. 2 | international level.~ ~Table 5.4.1. Recommendations St.
314 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.1. National and regional
315 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.2. IDF Diabetes Atlas~ ~
316 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.3. Quality of care monitoring~ ~
317 II, 5. 4. 2 | Greenfield et al 2004, see Table 5.4.2), only three were available
318 II, 5. 4. 2 | Outcomes Framework.~ ~Table 5.4.2. OECD indicators~ ~ ~
319 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.4. Health Surveys~ ~
320 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.5. Sentinel Surveillance
321 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.5. Sentinel Surveillance Network~ ~
322 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.6. Hospital discharge
323 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.7. Insurance/reimbursement
324 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.8. National drug sales~ ~
325 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.9. Conclusion~ ~Different
326 II, 5. 4. 2 | are presented in Tables 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.~ ~Table 5.
327 II, 5. 4. 2 | presented in Tables 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.~ ~Table 5.4.3. EUDIP
328 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.~ ~Table 5.4.3. EUDIP core indicators
329 II, 5. 4. 2 | Germany), and a median of 87.5/1000. These different results,
330 II, 5. 4. 2 | secondary cause.~ ~Table 5.4.4. EUDIP secondary indicators
331 II, 5. 4. 2 | HbA1c tested, with HbA1c>7.5%~14~Percent of diabetic
332 II, 5. 4. 2 | months with total cholesterol>5 mmol/l~14~Percent of diabetic
333 II, 5. 4. 2 | different cut-off value (9.5%) that makes data less comparable
334 II, 5. 4. 2 | Total cholesterol level>5 mmol/l is an important indicator
335 II, 5. 4. 2 | total cholesterol above 5 mmol/l.~Measurement of LDL
336 II, 5. 4. 3 | 5.4.3 Data description and
337 II, 5. 4. 3 | increase were 6.3% (4.1-8.5%) for children aged 0-4
338 II, 5. 4. 3 | aged 0-4 years, 3.1% (1.5-4.8%) for 5-9 years, and
339 II, 5. 4. 3 | years, 3.1% (1.5-4.8%) for 5-9 years, and 2.4% (1.0-3.
340 II, 5. 4. 3 | Cyprus), with a median of 30.5/1000.~According to the IDF
341 II, 5. 4. 3 | across 11 countries is 60.5%, corresponding to Austria
342 II, 5. 4. 3 | Total cholesterol level>5 mmol/l. In EUCID databases
343 II, 5. 4. 3 | with a median value of 42.5%. Age did not seem to have
344 II, 5. 4. 3 | varies between countries from 5% (Scotland) to 94% (Cyprus),
345 II, 5. 4. 3 | Netherlands), with a median of 64.5%. The percentages are lower
346 II, 5. 4. 3 | with a median equal to 654.5. The indicator is age dependant
347 II, 5. 4. 4 | 5.4.4. Data discussion~ ~Information
348 II, 5. 4. 5 | 5.4.5. Risk factors~ ~The
349 II, 5. 4. 5 | 5.4.5. Risk factors~ ~The major
350 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6. Control tools and policies~
351 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.1. Surveillance~The
352 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.2. Primary prevention~
353 II, 5. 4. 6 | lifestyles. See Chapter 5.13. on overweight and obesity
354 II, 5. 4. 6 | cholesterol, see Chapter 5.2.4. and for other risk
355 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.3. Secondary prevention~
356 II, 5. 4. 6 | indicators reported in section 5.4.3, which indicate clearly
357 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.4. National guidelines
358 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.5. EU initiatives against
359 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.5. EU initiatives against
360 II, 5. 4. 6 | 1-2 June 2006 (see Table 5.4.1);~ ~Table 5.4.1. EU
361 II, 5. 4. 6 | see Table 5.4.1);~ ~Table 5.4.1. EU Council Recommendations~
362 II, 5. 4. 6 | 5.4.6.6. International initiatives~ ~
363 II, 5. 4. 7 | 5.4.7. Future developments~
364 II, 5. 4. 7 | aspects listed in table 5.4.5, which are highly related
365 II, 5. 4. 7 | aspects listed in table 5.4.5, which are highly related
366 II, 5. 4. 8 | 5.4.8. References~Armesto
367 II, 5. 4. 8 | Study Group Epidemiology.;4(5):421-7~Pruna S, Stanciu
368 II, 5. 4. 8 | 2030. Diabetes Care. ;27(5):1047-53~ ~ ~
369 II, 5. 5 | 5.5. Mental and brain diseases
370 II, 5. 5 | 5.5. Mental and brain diseases
371 II, 5. 5.Int | corresponding to around 5 million people in the EU27.
372 II, 5. 5.Int | subjects range from 0.1% to 5.7%, whilst for bulimia it
373 II, 5. 5.Int | 9 million (prevalence 4.5-5.0 per 1000), 1.9 million
374 II, 5. 5.Int | million (prevalence 4.5-5.0 per 1000), 1.9 million
375 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1. Depression, mood/anxiety
376 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1. Depression, mood/anxiety
377 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.1. Introduction~ ~Mood
378 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.1. Introduction~ ~Mood
379 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
380 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
381 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2.1. Registers~ ~There
382 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2.1. Registers~ ~There
383 II, 5. 5. 1 | the introductory Section 5.5.1.~ ~Mood and anxiety
384 II, 5. 5. 1 | the introductory Section 5.5.1.~ ~Mood and anxiety disorders.
385 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2.2. Data from population
386 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2.2. Data from population
387 II, 5. 5. 1 | are presented in Chapter 5.5.1. Mental Disorders. The
388 II, 5. 5. 1 | are presented in Chapter 5.5.1. Mental Disorders. The
389 II, 5. 5. 1 | presented in detail in Chapter 5.5.1. Mental Disorders. Two
390 II, 5. 5. 1 | presented in detail in Chapter 5.5.1. Mental Disorders. Two
391 II, 5. 5. 1 | in more detail in Chapter 5.5.1. Mood Disorders.~ ~ ~
392 II, 5. 5. 1 | more detail in Chapter 5.5.1. Mood Disorders.~ ~ ~
393 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.3. Data description
394 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.3. Data description and
395 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorder was 14%. Table 5.5.1.1 presents lifetime
396 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorder was 14%. Table 5.5.1.1 presents lifetime and
397 II, 5. 5. 1 | ESEMeD countries.~ ~Table 5.5.1.1 Lifetime and 12 month
398 II, 5. 5. 1 | ESEMeD countries.~ ~Table 5.5.1.1 Lifetime and 12 month
399 II, 5. 5. 1 | Practitioners (GP) only.~ ~Table 5.5.1.2. Level of care use (%)
400 II, 5. 5. 1 | Practitioners (GP) only.~ ~Table 5.5.1.2. Level of care use (%)
401 II, 5. 5. 1 | diseases and diabetes.~ ~Figure 5.5.1.1. Relative burden of
402 II, 5. 5. 1 | and diabetes.~ ~Figure 5.5.1.1. Relative burden of
403 II, 5. 5. 1 | anxiety disorder.~ ~Table 5.5.1.3. Lifetime suicidal
404 II, 5. 5. 1 | anxiety disorder.~ ~Table 5.5.1.3. Lifetime suicidal behaviour
405 II, 5. 5. 1 | increased with age.~ ~Table 5.5.1.4. Psychological distress
406 II, 5. 5. 1 | increased with age.~ ~Table 5.5.1.4. Psychological distress
407 II, 5. 5. 1 | Hungary and Croatia).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.2. Odds ratio (with
408 II, 5. 5. 1 | and Croatia).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.2. Odds ratio (with 95%
409 II, 5. 5. 1 | psychological distress.~ ~Table 5.5.1.5. Odds Ratio for a
410 II, 5. 5. 1 | psychological distress.~ ~Table 5.5.1.5. Odds Ratio for a score
411 II, 5. 5. 1 | distress.~ ~Table 5.5.1.5. Odds Ratio for a score
412 II, 5. 5. 1 | Slovakia and Latvia.~ ~Figure 5.5.1.3. Odds ratio (with
413 II, 5. 5. 1 | Slovakia and Latvia.~ ~Figure 5.5.1.3. Odds ratio (with 95%
414 II, 5. 5. 1 | younger adults.~ ~Figure 5.5.1.4. Odds ratio (with
415 II, 5. 5. 1 | younger adults.~ ~Figure 5.5.1.4. Odds ratio (with 95%
416 II, 5. 5. 1 | Malta and Italy (Figure 5.5.1.5).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.5.
417 II, 5. 5. 1 | Malta and Italy (Figure 5.5.1.5).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.5.
418 II, 5. 5. 1 | and Italy (Figure 5.5.1.5).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.5. Death
419 II, 5. 5. 1 | Figure 5.5.1.5).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.5. Death due to suicide
420 II, 5. 5. 1 | Figure 5.5.1.5).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.5. Death due to suicide
421 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.5).~ ~Figure 5.5.1.5. Death due to suicide and
422 II, 5. 5. 1 | Europe are presented in Table 5.5.1.6.~ ~Table 5.5.1.6.
423 II, 5. 5. 1 | are presented in Table 5.5.1.6.~ ~Table 5.5.1.6. Annually
424 II, 5. 5. 1 | in Table 5.5.1.6.~ ~Table 5.5.1.6. Annually age adjusted
425 II, 5. 5. 1 | Table 5.5.1.6.~ ~Table 5.5.1.6. Annually age adjusted
426 II, 5. 5. 1 | years is given in Table 5.5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7.
427 II, 5. 5. 1 | years is given in Table 5.5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7. Age
428 II, 5. 5. 1 | in Table 5.5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7. Age adjusted mortality
429 II, 5. 5. 1 | Table 5.5.1.7.~ ~Table 5.5.1.7. Age adjusted mortality
430 II, 5. 5. 1 | estimated at -6.1%(P<0.0001), –5.4%(P<0.0001) and –5.0%(P<
431 II, 5. 5. 1 | 0001), –5.4%(P<0.0001) and –5.0%(P<0.0001) respectively.~ ~
432 II, 5. 5. 1 | the 0-14 age group (Table 5.5.1.8) the suicide rates
433 II, 5. 5. 1 | 0-14 age group (Table 5.5.1.8) the suicide rates were
434 II, 5. 5. 1 | Kingdom and Ireland.~ ~Table 5.5.1.8. Number of deaths (
435 II, 5. 5. 1 | Kingdom and Ireland.~ ~Table 5.5.1.8. Number of deaths (N)
436 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.4. Control tools and
437 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
438 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.5. Future developments~ ~
439 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.5. Future developments~ ~
440 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.5. Future developments~ ~In
441 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.6. References~ ~Alonso
442 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.6. References~ ~Alonso
443 II, 5. 5. 1 | Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 192(5):368-75.~ ~O A (2002). Fatal
444 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2. Dementia including
445 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2. Dementia including Alzheimer’
446 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.1. Introduction~ ~The
447 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.1. Introduction~ ~The
448 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.2. Data sources~ ~The
449 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.2. Data sources~ ~The
450 II, 5. 5. 2 | separate prevalence rates per 5 year age groups up to the
451 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.3. Data description
452 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.3. Data description and
453 II, 5. 5. 2 | suffering from dementia.~ ~Table 5.5.2.1. EURODEM prevalence
454 II, 5. 5. 2 | from dementia.~ ~Table 5.5.2.1. EURODEM prevalence
455 II, 5. 5. 2 | prevalence rates~ ~Table 5.5.2.2. Prevalence rates
456 II, 5. 5. 2 | prevalence rates~ ~Table 5.5.2.2. Prevalence rates reported
457 II, 5. 5. 2 | are as follows:~ ~Table 5.5.2.3. The estimated number
458 II, 5. 5. 2 | are as follows:~ ~Table 5.5.2.3. The estimated number
459 II, 5. 5. 2 | Union indicate an estimated 5,526,488 to 6,120,842 people
460 II, 5. 5. 2 | Alzheimer Europe, 2006a). Figure 5.5.2.1.1 uses the statistics
461 II, 5. 5. 2 | Europe, 2006a). Figure 5.5.2.1.1 uses the statistics
462 II, 5. 5. 2 | the population.~ ~Figure 5.5.2.1. The number of people
463 II, 5. 5. 2 | the population.~ ~Figure 5.5.2.1. The number of people
464 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.4. Risk factors~ ~A
465 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.4. Risk factors~ ~A tremendous
466 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.5. Control and policy
467 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.5. Control and policy
468 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.5. Control and policy tools~ ~
469 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.6. Future developments~ ~
470 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.6. Future developments~ ~
471 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.7. References~ ~Alzheimer
472 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.7. References~ ~Alzheimer
473 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3. OTHER DISEASES~ ~
474 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3. OTHER DISEASES~ ~
475 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1. Eating Disorders~ ~
476 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1. Eating Disorders~ ~
477 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.1. Introduction~ ~
478 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.1. Introduction~ ~Eating
479 II, 5. 5. 3 | exercise a mortality rate of 5,6% per decade (Misra et
480 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
481 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
482 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries. The overview in table 5.5.3.1.2.1 illustrates the
483 II, 5. 5. 3 | The overview in table 5.5.3.1.2.1 illustrates the
484 II, 5. 5. 3 | in the project.~ ~Table 5.5.3.1.1 Overview of data
485 II, 5. 5. 3 | in the project.~ ~Table 5.5.3.1.1 Overview of data availability
486 II, 5. 5. 3 | X~ ~Turkey~ ~X~ ~ ~Table 5.5.3.1.2.1: Available data
487 II, 5. 5. 3 | Turkey~ ~X~ ~ ~Table 5.5.3.1.2.1: Available data
488 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.3. Data description
489 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.3. Data description
490 II, 5. 5. 3 | follow-up measurements of 5 or 10 years allowing conclusions
491 II, 5. 5. 3 | prospective cohort study with a 5 year follow-up for Goteborg
492 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.4. Risk factors and
493 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.4. Risk factors and
494 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.5. Control tools and
495 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.5. Control tools and
496 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
497 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.6. Future developments~ ~
498 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.6. Future developments~ ~
499 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.7. References~Alexander
500 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.7. References~Alexander
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