| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1001 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2.3. Data description and analysis~
1002 III, 10. 2. 1 | where 36% reported to drink 3-4 drinks (30-40g alcohol)
1003 III, 10. 2. 1 | example, binge-drinking 3+ times in the last month
1004 III, 10. 2. 1 | traffic accidents (1 in 3 of all road traffic fatalities),
1005 III, 10. 2. 1 | strong reduction (almost 3 times) of liver cirrhosis (
1006 III, 10. 2. 1 | accidents, Figure 10.2.1.2.3.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.3. Alcohol-attributable
1007 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1.2.3.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.3. Alcohol-attributable burden
1008 III, 10. 2. 1 | men, rising to nearly 1 in 3 in the EU10. Alcohol is
1009 III, 10. 2. 1 | each year, equivalent to 1.3% of GDP. Actual spending
1010 III, 10. 2. 1 | European Union accounts for 1.3% of all exports and 0.3%
1011 III, 10. 2. 1 | 3% of all exports and 0.3% of all imports, thereby
1012 III, 10. 2. 1 | re-instituted, there was a 3.6% increase in alcohol sales (
1013 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3. Drugs and substance misuse1~ ~
1014 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.1. Introduction~ ~The most
1015 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.2. Data sources~ ~Data provided
1016 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.3. Data description and
1017 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1018 III, 10. 2. 1 | presented in Table 10.2.3.1.~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.1. Conservative
1019 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.3.1.~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.1. Conservative estimates
1020 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1995 and 1999 (Figure 10.2.3.1). An increase in the lifetime
1021 III, 10. 2. 1 | occurred.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.1. Lifetime prevalence of
1022 III, 10. 2. 1 | substances.~ ~On average, 30% (3-50%) of young adults in
1023 III, 10. 2. 1 | lifetime use of cannabis, 13% (3-20%) used it in the last
1024 III, 10. 2. 1 | the last year (Figure 10.2.3.2) and over 7% (1.5–15.5%)
1025 III, 10. 2. 1 | cocaine, the figure is 5.3% for average lifetime use,
1026 III, 10. 2. 1 | of LSD use ranges from 0.3% to 7.6%.~ ~Figure 10.2.
1027 III, 10. 2. 1 | to 7.6%.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.2. Overview of last year
1028 III, 10. 2. 1 | levels. See Figure 10.2.1.3.3 for trends in countries
1029 III, 10. 2. 1 | levels. See Figure 10.2.1.3.3 for trends in countries
1030 III, 10. 2. 1 | increasing7.~ ~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.3. Trends in last year prevalence
1031 III, 10. 2. 1 | increasing7.~ ~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.3. Trends in last year prevalence
1032 III, 10. 2. 1 | European adults, or about 3 million people, may be '
1033 III, 10. 2. 1 | users ranging from 1.5–5.3 cases 1 000 inhabitants
1034 III, 10. 2. 1 | cocaine users in the range of 3 to 6 per 1 000 inhabitants
1035 III, 10. 2. 1 | use of drugs (Table 10.2.1.3.2).~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.2 –
1036 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2.1.3.2).~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.2 – Problem Drug Use estimates:
1037 III, 10. 2. 1 | into some 1.5 million (1.3–1.7 million) problem opioid
1038 III, 10. 2. 1 | current injectors) of between 3 and 4 cases for an adult
1039 III, 10. 2. 1 | around 1.1 million (0.9 – 1.3 million) injectors in the
1040 III, 10. 2. 1 | variation in the EU (Figure 10.2.3.4), the reasons of which
1041 III, 10. 2. 1 | their lives.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.4. HIV prevalence among
1042 III, 10. 2. 1 | AIDS cases (Figure 10.2.1.3.5).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.5.
1043 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1.3.5).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.5. AIDS incidence per year
1044 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevalent. See Figure 10.2.1.3.6 for national and subnational
1045 III, 10. 2. 1 | their lives.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.6. Estimated HCV antibody
1046 III, 10. 2. 1(14)| Standard Protocol, version 3.1’).~
1047 III, 10. 2. 1 | high level. Figure 10.2.3.7 shows the trend in drug-related
1048 III, 10. 2. 1 | the EU15.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.7. Indexed long term trend
1049 III, 10. 2. 1 | many countries (Figure 10.2.3.8). From 1999 to 2005 the
1050 III, 10. 2. 1 | the EU.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.8. Trend in the distribution
1051 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1052 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.5. Future developments~ ~
1053 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.6. References~ ~Bargagli
1054 III, 10. 2. 1 | is provided in chapter 9.3.3., within the more general
1055 III, 10. 2. 1 | provided in chapter 9.3.3., within the more general
1056 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1057 III, 10. 2. 1 | fluoride (250-750 ppm for 3-6 year old children) is
1058 III, 10. 2. 1 | Epidemiol. 2003; 31 Suppl 1:3-23.~ ~Petersen PE, Bourgeois
1059 III, 10. 2. 1 | non-communicable diseases causing about 3.5% of the disease burden
1060 III, 10. 2. 1 | Eurobarometer 246 / Wave 64.3: Health and Food (TNS Opinion
1061 III, 10. 2. 1 | this chapter (Fig. 2 and 3).~ ~Selected multicentre
1062 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.6.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1063 III, 10. 2. 1(20)| sufficient total activity” was 3,000 MET minutes per week
1064 III, 10. 2. 1(20)| activity accumulated over 3 days or more. This represents
1065 III, 10. 2. 1(20)| This represents 5×30 or 3×20 minutes per day on top
1066 III, 10. 2. 1 | sexes.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.6.3. Average proportion of physically
1067 III, 10. 2. 1 | of total deaths) and 5.3 million disability-adjusted
1068 III, 10. 2. 1 | disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) (3.5% of total DALYs) in the
1069 III, 10. 2. 1 | are distances less than 3 km, and could be covered
1070 III, 10. 2. 1 | und Sporttraumatologie, 49(3):131-133.~ ~Maxwell K, Tucker
1071 III, 10. 2. 1 | Eurobarometer 246 / Wave 64.3: Health and Food. Requested
1072 III, 10. 2. 1 | Report (see section 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4), whereas obesity,
1073 III, 10. 2. 1 | Individual dietary record~3~General information at:
1074 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1060~17-60~24-hour recall~3~Report of Universidad Complutense
1075 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.7.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1076 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight for both genders of 20.3% in Belgium (5-9 years old) (
1077 III, 10. 2. 1 | overweight in Irish girls (27.3%, 9-12 years old) (O’Neill
1078 III, 10. 2. 1 | boys (17.0%) than girls (14.3%) being overweight. The
1079 III, 10. 2. 1 | girls), Spain (boys: 21.3%; girls: 20.2%) and Austria (
1080 III, 10. 2. 1 | boys: 19.9%; girls: 15.3%) while the lowest were
1081 III, 10. 2. 1 | boys: 12.5%; girls: 10.3%). These data consisted
1082 III, 10. 2. 1 | illustrated in Figure 10.2.2.3, the prevalence of obesity
1083 III, 10. 2. 1 | et al, 2006), France (36.3%) (l’Institut Roche de l’
1084 III, 10. 2. 1 | women.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.7.3. Prevalence of overweight
1085 III, 10. 2. 1 | accounted for an additional 3.7% of DALYs lost, while
1086 III, 10. 2. 1 | subjects with very low levels (<3 µg/l) in 20%. The ENHR confirmed
1087 III, 10. 2. 1 | meat, 2003~ ~Table 10.2.1.7.3. Gross human apparent consumption
1088 III, 10. 2. 1 | existing premier work~Option 3 – Supporting initiatives.
1089 III, 10. 2. 1 | population groups. In step 2 and 3, important differences play
1090 III, 10. 2. 1 | health survey 2003. Volume 3: Children. Edinburgh, Scottish
1091 III, 10. 2. 2 | total cholesterol less than 3-4 mmol/l (~ 115-155 mg/dl).~ ~
1092 III, 10. 2. 3 | 10.2.3. Blood pressure.~ ~Blood
1093 III, 10. 2. 3 | intake to less than 1,5 g (3,8 g) per day, an increased
1094 III, 10. 2. 4 | 10.2.4.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1095 III, 10. 2. 4 | Journal of Public Health, 4(3): 46 – 52.~ ~Sookoian SC,
1096 III, 10. 2. 4 | seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature,
1097 III, 10. 2. 5 | 10.2.5.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1098 III, 10. 2. 5 | adolescence. Acta Paediatr 2007;96(3):377-82~Madigan S, Moran
1099 III, 10. 2. 5 | Care Health Dev 2003;29(3):181-91.~ ~Puura K, Davis
1100 III, 10. 3 | 10.3. Physical environment factors~
1101 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1. Physical agents~ ~
1102 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.1. Introduction~ ~It is
1103 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~This
1104 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.3. Data description and
1105 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1106 III, 10. 3. 1 | UVR). UVR is divided into 3 groups depending on the
1107 III, 10. 3. 1 | Figure 8.1.1.1.~ ~Figure 10.3.1.1. The percentage of the
1108 III, 10. 3. 1 | was also estimated that 3.2% of the myocardial infarctions
1109 III, 10. 3. 1 | Babisch, 2006).~ ~Figure 10.3.1.2. The environmental disease
1110 III, 10. 3. 1 | physical risk factors (table 10.3.1.1). Physical work load
1111 III, 10. 3. 1 | heavy loads.~ ~Table 10.3.1.1. Self-reported exposure
1112 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1113 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.5. Future developments~ ~
1114 III, 10. 3. 1 | 10.3.1.6. References~ ~Babisch
1115 III, 10. 3. 1 | Perspectives. 2002; 110(3): 307-17.~Knol AB, Staatsen
1116 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2. Chemical agents~ ~
1117 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.1. Introduction~ ~Chemicals,
1118 III, 10. 3. 2 | contaminated products.~ ~Figure 10.3.2.1. Life cycle of chemical
1119 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.2. Data sources~ ~This
1120 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.3. Data presentation and
1121 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.3. Data presentation and analysis~ ~
1122 III, 10. 3. 2 | 1995 and 2005 (Figure 10.3.2.2). The production of
1123 III, 10. 3. 2 | million tonnes (Figure 10.3.2.3), 9.3%of which were
1124 III, 10. 3. 2 | million tonnes (Figure 10.3.2.3), 9.3%of which were in new
1125 III, 10. 3. 2 | tonnes (Figure 10.3.2.3), 9.3%of which were in new EU
1126 III, 10. 3. 2 | ASEF, 2006).~ ~Figure 10.3.2.2. Production volumes
1127 III, 10. 3. 2 | States 1995–2005~ ~Figure 10.3.2.3. Production of toxic
1128 III, 10. 3. 2 | 1995–2005~ ~Figure 10.3.2.3. Production of toxic chemicals
1129 III, 10. 3. 2 | exports in 2004.~ ~Table 10.3.2.1. Some industrial accidents
1130 III, 10. 3. 2 | applications.~ ~Table 10.3.2.2. Platinum group elements
1131 III, 10. 3. 2 | and tributaries~ ~Table 10.3.2.2 shows levels of platinum
1132 III, 10. 3. 2 | flame retardants.~ ~Table 10.3.2.3 below overviews some
1133 III, 10. 3. 2 | retardants.~ ~Table 10.3.2.3 below overviews some associations
1134 III, 10. 3. 2 | difficult to assess.~ ~Table 10.3.2.3 . Major health impacts
1135 III, 10. 3. 2 | to assess.~ ~Table 10.3.2.3 . Major health impacts and
1136 III, 10. 3. 2 | information in Table 10.3.2.3. is based on observations
1137 III, 10. 3. 2 | information in Table 10.3.2.3. is based on observations
1138 III, 10. 3. 2 | summarized in Figure 10.3.2.4 shows decreasing levels
1139 III, 10. 3. 2 | retardants (PBDE).~ ~Figure 10.3.2.4. Persistent Organic
1140 III, 10. 3. 2 | naphthalenes (PCN) (figure 10.3.2.4; note different units
1141 III, 10. 3. 2 | where higher by factor 2-3. (Kalanzki, 2003; Fangstrom,
1142 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1143 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.5. Future developments~ ~
1144 III, 10. 3. 2 | 10.3.2.6. References~ ~Asia-Europe
1145 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3. Biological agents~ ~
1146 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3. Biological agents~ ~
1147 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.1. Introduction~ ~Biological
1148 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.1. Introduction~ ~Biological
1149 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.2. Data sources~ ~See
1150 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.2. Data sources~ ~See Chapter
1151 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.3. Data presentation and
1152 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.3. Data presentation and
1153 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.3. Data presentation and analysis~ ~
1154 III, 10. 3. 3 | throughout Europe (Figure 10.3.3.1). However, two countries (
1155 III, 10. 3. 3 | throughout Europe (Figure 10.3.3.1). However, two countries (
1156 III, 10. 3. 3 | irreversible.~ ~Figure 10.3.3.1. Proportion of MRSA
1157 III, 10. 3. 3 | irreversible.~ ~Figure 10.3.3.1. Proportion of MRSA isolates
1158 III, 10. 3. 3 | and risk groups) (table 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table 10.3.3.1.
1159 III, 10. 3. 3 | risk groups) (table 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table 10.3.3.1. Summary
1160 III, 10. 3. 3 | table 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table 10.3.3.1. Summary of general
1161 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.1).~ ~Table 10.3.3.1. Summary of general trends (
1162 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1163 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1164 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.5. Future developments~ ~
1165 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.5. Future developments~ ~
1166 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.6. References~ ~See Chapter
1167 III, 10. 3. 3 | 10.3.3.6. References~ ~See Chapter
1168 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4. Climatic changes and
1169 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.1. Introduction~ ~Floods,
1170 III, 10. 3. 4 | impacts these have (Table 10.3.4.1). Finally, it highlights
1171 III, 10. 3. 4 | policy tools.~ ~Table 10.3.4.1. Global trends in extreme
1172 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.2. Data sources~ ~ ~In
1173 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.3. Data description and
1174 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1175 III, 10. 3. 4 | weather events~ ~Table 10.3.4.2 gives an overview of
1176 III, 10. 3. 4 | most people.~ ~Table 10.3.4.2. Deaths and damage from
1177 III, 10. 3. 4 | on roads and tracks; and~3) miscellaneous accidents:
1178 III, 10. 3. 4 | death rate.~ ~Figure 10.3.4.1. The distribution of
1179 III, 10. 3. 4 | human health (Figure 10.3.4.2). The total economic
1180 III, 10. 3. 4 | flooding events .~ ~Figure 10.3.4.2. Frequency of floods
1181 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1182 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.5. Future developments~ ~
1183 III, 10. 3. 4 | 10.3.4.6. References~ ~Solomon,
1184 III, 10. 4. 1 | 10.4.1.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1185 III, 10. 4. 1 | societal cost is estimated at 3 billion Euro/year. The well-documented
1186 III, 10. 4. 1 | re-analyses~ ~Table 10.4.1.3. The CAFE analysis and the
1187 III, 10. 4. 2 | materials in contact with food; (3) animal health and welfare; (
1188 III, 10. 4. 2 | the network. Article 50.3 of the Regulation (EC) No
1189 III, 10. 4. 2 | methods of some heavy metals, 3-MCPD and benzo(a)pyrene
1190 III, 10. 4. 2 | commodity combinations in 3 year cycles. In the future,
1191 III, 10. 4. 2(33)| the Community (OJ L 268, 3.10.1998,p.1)~
1192 III, 10. 4. 2 | 10.4.2.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1193 III, 10. 4. 2 | conditions (Table 10.4.2.3 The infection can be acquired
1194 III, 10. 4. 2 | Source: EFSA~ ~ ~Table 10.4.2.3. Disease symptoms associated
1195 III, 10. 4. 2 | Mild 1~Severe 2~Chronic 3~Mortality 4~ ~Bacteria –
1196 III, 10. 4. 2 | 2001, from 2,900 samples~3.5% (the Netherlands) and~
1197 III, 10. 4. 2 | genotoxic~ ~ ~EU standards for~3-monochloropropandiol~in
1198 III, 10. 4. 2 | crops grown increased by 3%, the area treated increased
1199 III, 10. 4. 2 | of application, increased 3 fold by 2004. Whilst fungicide
1200 III, 10. 4. 2 | commodity combinations in 3 year cycles. Currently pesticide
1201 III, 10. 4. 2 | ADI values for nitrate (0-3.7 mg/kg b.w) and nitrite (
1202 III, 10. 4. 2 | Episode in 1987 in Canada:~3 deaths, 105 intoxications~ ~
1203 III, 10. 4. 2 | active substances from list 3 to the Commission and their
1204 III, 10. 4. 2 | Parliament and the Council (3) lays out detailed rules
1205 III, 10. 4. 2 | European Communities No. L 12/3, 18 January 2007 Available
1206 III, 10. 4. 2 | Workshop, Milan, Italy, 1-3 July 2004~Ecotoxicology
1207 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3. Ingestion and drinking
1208 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.1. Introduction~ ~Safe drinking-water
1209 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.2. Data sources~ ~This review
1210 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.3. Data presentation and
1211 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.3. Data presentation and analysis~ ~
1212 III, 10. 4. 3 | al, 2004).~ ~Figure 10.4.3.1. Deaths among children
1213 III, 10. 4. 3 | States (CIS), and from 176.3 to 44.6 in the CARK (5 Central
1214 III, 10. 4. 3 | 2000 to 2005 (Figure 10.4.3.2).~ ~Figure 10.4.3.2. Number
1215 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.2).~ ~Figure 10.4.3.2. Number of reported drinking
1216 III, 10. 4. 3 | were caused by protozoa (3.7% of cases of illness),
1217 III, 10. 4. 3 | 58% to 80% (Figure 10.4.3.3). According to the World
1218 III, 10. 4. 3 | 58% to 80% (Figure 10.4.3.3). According to the World
1219 III, 10. 4. 3 | drinking-water.~ ~Figure 10.4.3.3. Percentage of population
1220 III, 10. 4. 3 | drinking-water.~ ~Figure 10.4.3.3. Percentage of population
1221 III, 10. 4. 3 | systems (see Figure 10.4.3.2).~ ~A special case of
1222 III, 10. 4. 3 | European countries (Figure 10.4.3.4) were connected to wastewater
1223 III, 10. 4. 3 | 1995 to 2003.~ ~Figure 10.4.3.4. Changes over time in
1224 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1225 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.5. Future developments~ ~
1226 III, 10. 4. 3 | 10.4.3.6. References~ ~European
1227 III, 10. 4. 5 | 1 900 million tonnes, or 3.8 - 4.1 tonnes of waste
1228 III, 10. 4. 5 | estimated to generate about 3 450 million tonnes of wastes.
1229 III, 10. 4. 5 | between countries – from 0.3 tonnes per capita in Moldova
1230 III, 10. 4. 5 | tonnes of hazardous waste, 3%-4% of the total, is generated
1231 III, 10. 4. 5 | producer (Figure 10.4.5.2.3). The large differences
1232 III, 10. 4. 5 | comparable.~ ~Figure 10.4.5.2.3. Hazardous waste generation
1233 III, 10. 4. 5 | related to exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related compounds)
1234 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1235 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.3.1. Residential buildings~ ~
1236 III, 10. 5. 1 | mainly range between 2 and 3 residents per dwelling (
1237 III, 10. 5. 1 | 10.5.1.3.2. Schools~ ~For children,
1238 III, 10. 5. 1 | cardiovascular causes decreased by 10.3% (Clancy et al, 2002).~An
1239 III, 10. 5. 1 | groups.~ ~Figure 10.5.1.3. Housing problems by household
1240 III, 10. 5. 1 | strategic and master plans;~3. Mainstreaming healthy urban
1241 III, 10. 5. 1 | Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality
1242 III, 10. 5. 1 | Journal of Public Health. 28(3):174-8, 2000 Sep.~Hänninen,
1243 III, 10. 5. 1 | Journal of Advanced Nursing 52(3): 328-339~Rogers MAM, Zaragoza-Lao
1244 III, 10. 5. 2 | 10.5.2.3. Data description and analysis.~ ~
1245 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural residents being 1.3 times more often without
1246 III, 10. 5. 2 | conditions~ ~Figure 10.5.2.3. Complaints due to air pollution
1247 III, 10. 5. 2 | countries.~ ~ ~Table 10.5.2.3. Problems accessing health
1248 III, 10. 5. 2 | injuries (see also Section 8.3.1.)~Different than for health
1249 III, 10. 5. 2 | Journal of Rural Health. 13(3), 253-256.~ ~Jones A, Bentham
1250 III, 10. 5. 2 | Wales 1988-1992. Thorax, 52(3), 218-22.~ ~Lopez-Abuin
1251 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3. Workplace~ ~
1252 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.1. Introduction~ ~In modern
1253 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.2 Data sources~ ~ ~It is
1254 III, 10. 5. 3 | involve absence of more than 3 days and fatal accidents
1255 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.3 Data description and analysis~
1256 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.3 Data description and analysis~
1257 III, 10. 5. 3 | in 12 months (Table 10.5.3.1). This results on an average
1258 III, 10. 5. 3 | problems the percentage is 3-fold higher in electricity
1259 III, 10. 5. 3 | social work.~ ~Table 10.5.3.1. Absence from work in
1260 III, 10. 5. 3 | fatal events (table 10.5.3.2). The incidence rate is
1261 III, 10. 5. 3 | tunnel syndrome (Table 10.5.3.3).~Economic sectors are
1262 III, 10. 5. 3 | tunnel syndrome (Table 10.5.3.3).~Economic sectors are very
1263 III, 10. 5. 3 | occupational diseases (table 10.5.3.4). A top incidence rate
1264 III, 10. 5. 3 | per 100,000.~ ~Table 10.5.3.2. Number and incident rate
1265 III, 10. 5. 3 | occupational diseases.~ ~Table 10.5.3.3. Number of non fatal occupational
1266 III, 10. 5. 3 | diseases.~ ~Table 10.5.3.3. Number of non fatal occupational
1267 III, 10. 5. 3 | diseases by ICD10.~ ~Table 10.5.3.4. Number and incident rate
1268 III, 10. 5. 3 | work resulting in more than 3 days’ absence from work (
1269 III, 10. 5. 3 | serious accidents) (Table 10.5.3.5) and accidents which leads
1270 III, 10. 5. 3 | Chapter 7.~ ~Table 10.5.3.5. Incidence of work accidents
1271 III, 10. 5. 3 | year 2000.~ ~Table 10.5.3.6 gives time trends with
1272 III, 10. 5. 3 | economic sectors. Table 10.5.3.7 points to especially accident
1273 III, 10. 5. 3 | increased.~ ~Table 10.5.3.6. Change in the number
1274 III, 10. 5. 3 | 1994 to 2004~ ~Table 10.5.3.7. Standardised incidence
1275 III, 10. 5. 3 | of their work (table 10.5.3.8). This perceived impact
1276 III, 10. 5. 3 | and headache (table 10.5.3.9). There seems to be only
1277 III, 10. 5. 3 | between sexes. Table 10.5.3.10 finally gives the prevalence
1278 III, 10. 5. 3 | their work.~ ~Table 10.5.3.8. Perceived impact of work
1279 III, 10. 5. 3 | per country~ ~Table 10.5.3.9. Perceived impact of work
1280 III, 10. 5. 3 | per symptoms.~ ~Table 10.5.3.10. Perceived work-related
1281 III, 10. 5. 3 | work economies. Figure 10.5.3.1 summarizes the European
1282 III, 10. 5. 3 | Survey (LFS); among the 380.3 million people aged 15 or
1283 III, 10. 5. 3 | 8% in 2005 in the EU25, 3.2 percentage points below
1284 III, 10. 5. 3 | employment rate reached 56.3% in the EU25 (0.7 points
1285 III, 10. 5. 3 | Portugal, 25.7% in Poland, 33.3% in Spain).~· 19.5 million
1286 III, 10. 5. 3 | Finland and Sweden).~· 163.3 million people aged 15 or
1287 III, 10. 5. 3 | inactive.~ ~Figure 10.5.3.1. Work status of people
1288 III, 10. 5. 3 | men than women (table 10.5.3.11). About 40% of all workers
1289 III, 10. 5. 3 | repetitive tasks.~ ~Table 10.5.3.11. Work organisational
1290 III, 10. 5. 3 | agriculture (table 10.5.3.12). A lack of job control
1291 III, 10. 5. 3 | communication.~ ~Table 10.5.3.12. Work organisational
1292 III, 10. 5. 3 | 12% in the Netherlands to 3% in Cyprus, Estonia and
1293 III, 10. 5. 3 | risk factors (table 10.5.3.13). Exposures to vibrations
1294 III, 10. 5. 3 | economic sectors (table 10.5.3.14). Especially employees
1295 III, 10. 5. 3 | working time.~ ~Table 10.5.3.13. Physical risks factors
1296 III, 10. 5. 3 | per gender.~ ~Table 10.5.3.14. Physical risks factors
1297 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1298 III, 10. 5. 3 | work resulting in more than 3 days absence from work (
1299 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.5. Future developments~ ~
1300 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.6. References~ ~Aldana StG,
1301 III, 10. 5. 3 | scientific evidence. IGA_Report 3. Essen. BKK Bundesverband.
1302 III, 10. 5. 3 | 10.5.3.7. Acronyms~ ~ENWHP~European
1303 III, 10. 6. 0 | School-Aged Children~OSS-3~The 3-item Oslo social support
1304 III, 10. 6. 1 | organisations or groups.~ ~The 3-item Oslo social support
1305 III, 10. 6. 1 | Possible score range from 3 to 14. Scores 3-8 are considered
1306 III, 10. 6. 1 | range from 3 to 14. Scores 3-8 are considered to reflect
1307 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.2.3. The SHARE survey~The Survey
1308 III, 10. 6. 1 | 10.6.1.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1309 III, 10. 6. 1 | same gender~ ~Figure 10.6.3. 15-year old boys in the
1310 III, 10. 6. 1 | School-Aged Children~OSS-3~The 3-item Oslo social support
1311 III, 10. 6. 2 | 10.6.2.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1312 III, 10. 6. 2 | Economic and social security~3. Secure and favourable conditions
1313 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3. Violence and other behaviours
1314 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.1. Introduction~ ~Assaults
1315 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.2. Data sources~ ~The WHO
1316 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.3. Data description and
1317 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
1318 III, 10. 6. 3 | other offences. Figure 10.6.3.1. shows the results. Some
1319 III, 10. 6. 3 | Assaults and threats: Overall, 3% of respondents to the question
1320 III, 10. 6. 3 | below 2%). Figure 10.6.3.1. shows national rates.~ ~
1321 III, 10. 6. 3 | national rates.~ ~Figure 10.6.3.1. Prevalence rates for
1322 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
1323 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.5. References~ ~EUICS (2005):
1324 IV, 11. 1. 3 | 11.1.3. The Performance of Health
1325 IV, 11. 1. 3 | Germany and the Netherlands;~3) devolved tax funded systems
1326 IV, 11. 1. 3 | 11.1.3.1. Cost pressures and performance
1327 IV, 11. 1. 4 | 11.1.3.2. Access to healthcare~ ~
1328 IV, 11. 1. 5 | 11.1.3.3. Quality in health care~ ~
1329 IV, 11. 1. 5 | 11.1.3.3. Quality in health care~ ~
1330 IV, 11. 1. 5 | the 489-bed hospital and a 3.95% decline in the hospital’
1331 IV, 11. 1. 5 | Portugal and Hungary (less than 3.5) (See Figure 11.1). In
1332 IV, 11. 1. 6 | 11.1.3.4. Technical efficiency~ ~
1333 IV, 11. 1. 6 | negative incentives. Table 11.3 shows the physician payment
1334 IV, 11. 1. 6 | physicians in Europe.~ ~Table 11.3. Physician payment methods
1335 IV, 11. 1. 6 | of payment (see Table 11.3). While DRGs are a retrospective
1336 IV, 11. 1. 6 | insurance systems, around 3-5% in most countries. It
1337 IV, 11. 2. 1 | hospitals declined from 3.82 per 100,000 population
1338 IV, 11. 2. 1 | 000 population in 1990 to 3.1 in 2004 (thus, a reduction
1339 IV, 11. 2. 1 | psychiatric patients, Italy (3%), Turkey (4%), Austria
1340 IV, 11. 2. 2 | and the Netherlands (from 3.5% to 4.7%) (OECD Health
1341 IV, 11. 2. 2 | in the Netherlands and 3.9% in Finland. Spending
1342 IV, 11. 2. 2 | levels of under 2.5% and 3% in CEE countries (McDaid
1343 IV, 11. 3 | 11.3. Health system resources~ ~
1344 IV, 11. 3. 1 | 11.3.1. Health workforce~ ~The
1345 IV, 11. 3. 2 | 11.3.2. Pharmaceuticals~ ~Pharmaceutical
1346 IV, 11. 3. 2 | between 1995 and 2005), 3.8 in Belgium, 4 in Sweden,
1347 IV, 11. 5. 3 | 11.5.3. European survey on donation
1348 IV, 11. 5. 5 | solid organ transplant,~3. innovative training programmes
1349 IV, 11. 5. 5 | transplantation.~Duration: : 3 years.~- The Agence de la
1350 IV, 11. 6. 1 | States, which reached 15.3% of GDP in 2005, or $6401
1351 IV, 11. 6. 2 | rise in spending from 7.3% to 8.3% GDP in a four-year
1352 IV, 11. 6. 2 | spending from 7.3% to 8.3% GDP in a four-year period (
1353 IV, 11. 6. 2 | to central taxation), and 3) an increased reliance on
1354 IV, 11. 6. 2 | 2008) (see Section 11.8.3 on Progressivity).~ ~Social
1355 IV, 11. 6. 3 | 11.6.3. Progressiveness of funding~ ~
1356 IV, 11. 6. 3 | higher income households (11.3%) (Glennerster, 1997). In
1357 IV, 11. 6. 3 | previous contributions; (3) intergenerational redistribution
1358 IV, 11. 6. 3 | and Bulgaria with between 3%-4% of households reporting
1359 IV, 11. 6. 4 | al, 2005). See section 11.3.4. Technical efficiency
1360 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Performance." Health Affairs 20(3): 10-20.~ ~Blumenthal D (
1361 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Safety in Health Care 11(3): 233-8.~ ~Dovey SM, Phillips
1362 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Services Research and Policy 3(1): 23-30.~ ~Klazinga N (
1363 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Health Systems Research 38(3): 831-865.~ ~Mackenbach
1364 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Kingdom." Health Affairs 22(3): 134-48.~ ~Masseria C,
1365 IV, 11. 6. 5 | in Europe, Ecuity Project 3: Working Paper No. 13.~ ~
1366 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Social Security Review 59(3): 3-25.~ ~Mossialos E, Merkur
1367 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Social Security Review 59(3): 3-25.~ ~Mossialos E, Merkur
1368 IV, 11. 6. 5 | systems." Health Policy 56(3): 235-50.~ ~Phillips DP,
1369 IV, 11. 6. 5 | of Social Security Policy 3(2): 80-95.~ ~Sorenson C,
1370 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Journal of Health Economics 18(3): 291-314.~ ~Wagstaff A (
1371 IV, 12. 1 | activities” in Articles 3, where the E.U., is to make “
1372 IV, 12. 1 | sanitary services)~ ~Art. 95 (3), (6) and (8) concerning
1373 IV, 12. 1 | promote such coordination.~3. The Community and the Member
1374 IV, 12. 1 | billion citizens (Table 12.3). Prevention has the potential
1375 IV, 12. 1 | expectations.~ ~Table 12.3. Some examples highlighting
1376 IV, 12. 1 | the Treaty (see Table 12.3), related to the movement
1377 IV, 12. 2 | pre-cancer lesions (with 3 or 5 years of interval);
1378 IV, 12. 2 | cancer screening (with 2 or 3 years of interval) and men
1379 IV, 12. 2 | behavioral therapy. Only 3% of smokers manage to quit
1380 IV, 12. 2 | sales to and by minors, and~3. provision of support for
1381 IV, 12. 2 | European Union accounts for 1.3% of all exports and 0.3%
1382 IV, 12. 2 | 3% of all exports and 0.3% of all imports, thereby
1383 IV, 12. 2 | re-instituted, there was a 3.6% increase in alcohol sales.~ ~
1384 IV, 12. 3 | 12.3. The reviewed European social
1385 IV, 12. 5 | events monitoring.~ ~1.1.3. Develop risk management
1386 IV, 12. 5 | 5) of the Treaty.~ ~1.2.3. Promote measures to improve
1387 IV, 12. 5 | and across the life cycle.~3. Collect, analyse and disseminate
1388 IV, 12. 5 | disseminate health information~3.1. Develop further a sustainable
1389 IV, 12. 5 | element of this system.~ ~3.2. Develop mechanisms for
1390 IV, 12. 5 | quantitative analysis.~ ~3.3. Provide analysis and
1391 IV, 12. 5 | quantitative analysis.~ ~3.3. Provide analysis and technical
1392 IV, 12. 8 | Representatives from the 3 EFTA countries and from
1393 IV, 12. 10 | European level (see Annex 12.3). Through their priorities
1394 IV, 12. 10 | Community level (see Annex 12.3).~ ~Annex 12.3 Priorities
1395 IV, 12. 10 | Annex 12.3).~ ~Annex 12.3 Priorities and initiatives
1396 IV, 12. 10 | psychical activity policies.~ ~ ~3. A recently established
1397 IV, 12. 10 | Arbeitsschutzgesetz, esp. §3 (1) ArbSchG, §5 (1) ArbSchG);
1398 IV, 12. 10 | significantly since 1997 from €3.67 billion to over €16 billion
1399 IV, 12. 10 | Ministerial Decision 30528/ (23.3.2005) concerning the reconstruction
1400 IV, 12. 10 | etc. The last two years 3,158 schoolchildren have
1401 IV, 12. 10 | Developing entrepreneurship by:~3. improving access to the
1402 IV, 12. 10 | tobacco snuff use~ High~Law 3/2003 Art. 51 (implemented
1403 IV, 12. 10 | Intesa Stato-Regioni 23.3.2005)~ ~Programme “Gain
1404 IV, 12. 10 | Intesa Stato-Regioni 23.3.2005)~ ~Programme “Gain
1405 IV, 12. 10 | smoking cessation (last 3 years);~Co-operation with
1406 IV, 12. 10 | reduction of health inequities, 3) review of policies on alcohol
1407 IV, 12. 10 | relationship~Domain of objective 3~ ~Public health policy~Child
1408 IV, 12. 10 | employees~ ~Domain of objective 3~ ~Education policy~Child
1409 IV, 12. 10 | pupils~Domain of objective 3~ ~Education policy~Child
1410 IV, 12. 10 | m)~Domain of objective 3~ ~Education policy~Child
1411 IV, 12. 10 | Economic and social security~3. Secure and favourable conditions
1412 IV, 13.Acr | such as Austria (from 1.3% total health spending in
1413 IV, 13.Acr | in the Netherlands and 3.9% in Finland. However,
1414 IV, 13. 1 | mortality data see Table 13.3). Large differences have
1415 IV, 13. 2. 2 | Table 13.5.~ ~ ~Table 13.3. Additional estimations
1416 IV, 13. 2. 2 | 11th and accounts for 2.3% of the years lived with
1417 IV, 13. 2. 2 | for 5% of all deaths and 3% of DALYs.~· Musculoskeletal
1418 IV, 13. 2. 2 | accounted for an additional 3.7% of DALYs lost, while
1419 IV, 13. 2. 2 | also estimated that over 3% of all disease burden,
1420 IV, 13. 2. 3 | 13.2.3. Burden of diseases attributable
1421 IV, 13. 2. 3 | to be 4.1%, 4.4%, 2.8%, 2.3%, respectively. Worldwide,
1422 IV, 13. 2. 3 | for 5% of all deaths and 3 % of DALYs (disability adjusted
1423 IV, 13. 2. 3 | together, energy-balance (3)~ ~ ~Lack of physical activity~ ~
1424 IV, 13. 2. 3 | prostate cancer, influenza~3,000 – 10,000~ ~Gastroenteritis
1425 IV, 13. 2. 3 | intestinal ulcers~1,000-3,000~ ~ ~ ~ ~Radon (interior)~
1426 IV, 13. 2. 3 | relevant types of cancer.~3. Energy balance is the dietary
1427 IV, 13. 3 | 13.3. Demographic and socio-economic
1428 IV, 13. 4 | employment" (ESF regulation art. 3.1(b)) provides for: "specific
1429 IV, 13. 4 | amount close to € 2.6 bn, (3.6%) will be allocated in
1430 IV, 13. 6. 2 | 13.6.2.3 Primary Health Care for
1431 IV, 13. 6. 3 | 13.6.3 Health Systems and Access
1432 IV, 13. 7. 3 | 13.7.3. Research~ ~One of the most
1433 IV, 13. 7. 5 | exemption is given in paragraph 3: processing of person identifiable
1434 IV, 13. 7. 5 | provisions similar to paragraphs 3 and/or 4. Despite this seemingly
1435 IV, 13. 7. 5 | population level .~ ~Paragraph 3 of Article 8 might provide
1436 IV, 13. 7. 5 | interpretation of paragraph 3. Moreover, they feel that
1437 IV, 13. 9 | Journal of Public Health, 13, 3, Supplement, 38-46.~ ~United
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