Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 6. 3| fragility and susceptibility to fracture. In 1994 a WHO expert panel (
2 II, 5. 6. 3| density (BMD). The risk of fracture rises when the bone mineral
3 II, 5. 6. 3| years of age with a wrist fracture. Ten years later she may
4 II, 5. 6. 3| X-rays may show a vertebral fracture. She might have one of several
5 II, 5. 6. 3| may fall and sustain a hip fracture, resulting in hospitalisation,
6 II, 5. 6. 3| the 10 year probability of fracture can also be considered (
7 II, 5. 6. 3| incidence rate of distal forearm fracture to continue to increase
8 II, 5. 6. 3| observed for distal femur fracture and fractures of the rib,
9 II, 5. 6. 3| the major determinants of fracture are falling, low bone mass,
10 II, 5. 6. 3| and previous low trauma fracture. There are risk factors
11 II, 5. 6. 3| osteoporosis or be at risk of fracture (Table 5.6.9). There are
12 II, 5. 6. 3| semi-independent risk factors for fracture such as bone turnover as
13 II, 5. 6. 3| factors for poor outcome of fracture (Woolf and Akesson, 2003).~ ~
14 II, 5. 6. 3| increases with age. Hip fracture may also occur spontaneously (
15 II, 5. 6. 3| of osteoporosis and for fracture in the elderly (excluding
16 II, 5. 6. 3| strongest relationship with fracture but many fractures will
17 II, 5. 6. 3| osteoporosis. The possibility of fracture increases when combining
18 II, 5. 6. 3| of other risk factors for fracture. In particular, bone density
19 II, 5. 6. 3| at much increased risk of fracture but the exact interaction
20 II, 5. 6. 3| ages~ ~Disability~ ~Hip fracture results in pain, loss of
21 II, 5. 6. 3| undergo surgical repair of the fracture or replacement of the joint.
22 II, 5. 6. 3| the joint. At 1 year, hip fracture is associated with 20% mortality
23 II, 5. 6. 3| half those surviving a hip fracture will walk again and often
24 II, 5. 6. 3| same level as prior to the fracture (Magaziner et al, 1990;
25 II, 5. 6. 3| 1993).~ ~Acute vertebral fracture affects one’s quality of
26 II, 5. 6. 3| with each new vertebral fracture. The effect is not just
27 II, 5. 6. 3| not just due to the recent fracture as it has been demonstrated
28 II, 5. 6. 3| several years after the fracture. Physical performance declines
29 II, 5. 6. 3| Akesson, 2006).~ ~Colle’s fracture results in hospitalisation
30 II, 5. 6. 3| Mortality following hip fracture is high in the first year,
31 II, 5. 6. 3| 5 years as seen with hip fracture, but this is gradual over
32 II, 5. 6. 3| infection, spondyloarthropathy, fracture or tumour. Such specific
33 II, 5. 6. 6| major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational
34 II, 5. 6. 6| 1995): Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of
35 II, 5. 6. 6| Ten-year risk of osteoporotic fracture and the effect of risk factors
36 II, 5. 6. 6| Dawson A (2000): Risk of hip fracture according to the World Health
37 II, 5. 6. 6| hospital discharge for hip fracture: a prospective study. J
38 II, 5. 6. 6| Incidence of distal forearm fracture in British men and women.
39 II, 5. 6. 6| Consequences of a hip fracture: a prospective study over
40 II, 5. 6. 6| WHO (1994): Assessment of fracture risk and its application
41 II, 9. 3. 1| through its association with fracture. One in three women and
42 II, 9. 3. 1| fragility and an increased fracture risk. Across Europe, some
43 II, 9. 3. 1| descriptive epidemiology of limb fracture per region and gender. Amongst
44 II, 9. 3. 1| humerus and distal forearm fracture increases with age, with
45 II, 9. 3. 1| postmenopausal women are at risk of fracture: (a) those with osteoporosis
46 II, 9. 3. 1| osteoporosis who have not yet had a fracture and who, if they remain
47 II, 9. 3. 1| osteoporosis who have already had a fracture and are at high risk of
48 II, 9. 3. 1| humerus and distal forearm fracture increases with age. Incidence
49 II, 9. 3. 1| bone mineral density (BMD). Fracture risk is the most important
50 II, 9. 3. 1| contribute to the risk for fracture. Although there has been
51 II, 9. 3. 1| the risk of osteoporotic fracture, identifying individuals
52 II, 9. 3. 1| rate for men following hip fracture is twice that of women (
53 II, 9. 3. 1| al 2008). Following first fracture, the risk of the second
54 II, 9. 3. 1| of the disease.~ ~Once a fracture has occurred, the risk of
55 II, 9. 3. 1| occurred, the risk of future fracture is at least doubled within
56 III, 10. 2. 1| and breast cancer and hip fracture in the elderly (Bauman and
57 IV, 11. 1. 5| waiting time for femur fracture surgery and asthma mortality
58 IV, 11. 6. 4| time (e.g. in case of hip fracture, the time elapsed between
59 IV, 11. 6. 4| time elapsed between the fracture and the surgical procedure).
60 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| food-borne~formaldehyde~fracture~fractures~fragile~France~
