Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1001 III, 10. 3. 2 | consumer products pose a risk to human health is through
1002 III, 10. 3. 2 | 2000). Sub-populations at risk include people with known
1003 III, 10. 3. 2 | groups can be at increased risk because of their preferential
1004 III, 10. 3. 2 | downstream users; and better risk communication via chemical
1005 III, 10. 3. 2 | duration of stay in relation to risk for testicular cancer among
1006 III, 10. 3. 2 | Santamaria (2002): Environmental risk of particulate and soluble
1007 III, 10. 3. 2 | environment and their health risk. The Science of the Total
1008 III, 10. 3. 3 | children are at particular risk. Cryptosporidiosis is a
1009 III, 10. 3. 3 | population segments and risk groups) (table 10.3.3.1).~ ~
1010 III, 10. 3. 4 | areas~Very likely~Increased risk of heat-related mortality,
1011 III, 10. 3. 4 | areas~Very likely~Increased risk of deaths, injuries, infectious,
1012 III, 10. 3. 4 | drought areas~Likely~Increased risk of food and water shortages,
1013 III, 10. 3. 4 | tsunamis)~Likely~Increased risk of deaths and injuries from
1014 III, 10. 3. 4 | are putting many people at risk. Children, the elderly and
1015 III, 10. 3. 4 | a range of severe health risk which are threatening economic
1016 III, 10. 3. 4 | temperature levels that risk to trigger large scale disruptions
1017 III, 10. 3. 4 | studies point to an increasing risk of exceeding the 2°C objective
1018 III, 10. 3. 4 | affected and what were the risk factors. These risk factors
1019 III, 10. 3. 4 | the risk factors. These risk factors should help Member
1020 III, 10. 3. 4 | effects of high-temperature. Risk factors refer to age, specific
1021 III, 10. 3. 4 | Elderly people are most at risk because ageing impairs the
1022 III, 10. 3. 4 | debilitating diseases are more at risk. These include cardiovascular
1023 III, 10. 3. 4 | and duration increased the risk of dying during a heat wave.~ ~
1024 III, 10. 3. 4 | population as well as with acute risk from frostbite and hypothermia .
1025 III, 10. 3. 4 | areas are at especially at risk, with evacuation of patients
1026 III, 10. 3. 4 | groups representing a further risk.~ ~A recent example of impacts
1027 III, 10. 3. 4 | warned people about the risk of possible water contamination
1028 III, 10. 3. 4 | islands, droughts represent a risk to human health in summer
1029 III, 10. 3. 4 | might present a significant risk when regulations are not
1030 III, 10. 3. 4 | in the future.~ ~Also the risk of drought is likely to
1031 III, 10. 3. 4 | due to expected increased risk of flooding under future
1032 III, 10. 4. 1 | particles represents the highest risk to public health in all
1033 III, 10. 4. 1 | identified as an emerging risk. Interactions between air
1034 III, 10. 4. 1 | also well correlated to the risk of a wide range of health
1035 III, 10. 4. 1 | giving rise to a substantial risk to health. For 14% of people,
1036 III, 10. 4. 1 | Estimates show that the risk of reduced lung function
1037 III, 10. 4. 1 | that showed that the health risk of pollution by fine particles
1038 III, 10. 4. 1 | identified as an emerging risk. Interactions between air
1039 III, 10. 4. 1 | update 2005. Summary of risk assessment. Geneva, World
1040 III, 10. 4. 2 | Encephalopathy~CRA~Cumulative Risk Assessment~EFSA~European
1041 III, 10. 4. 2 | Authority~EU-RAIN~European Union Risk Analysis Information Network~
1042 III, 10. 4. 2 | and political elements of risk analysis, a reference to
1043 III, 10. 4. 2 | has been the separation of risk assessment and risk management,
1044 III, 10. 4. 2 | separation of risk assessment and risk management, which together
1045 III, 10. 4. 2 | management, which together with risk communication form the three
1046 III, 10. 4. 2 | evidence-based assessments of risk – carried out in a framework
1047 III, 10. 4. 2 | effective communication of risk in cooperation with Member
1048 III, 10. 4. 2 | functional separation between risk assessment and risk management;~·
1049 III, 10. 4. 2 | between risk assessment and risk management;~· limited resources
1050 III, 10. 4. 2 | establishes the principles of risk analysis in relation to
1051 III, 10. 4. 2 | forefront of the development of risk analysis principles and
1052 III, 10. 4. 2 | inter-related components of risk analysis (risk assessment,
1053 III, 10. 4. 2 | components of risk analysis (risk assessment, risk management
1054 III, 10. 4. 2 | analysis (risk assessment, risk management and risk communication)
1055 III, 10. 4. 2 | assessment, risk management and risk communication) provide the
1056 III, 10. 4. 2 | measure under consideration.~ ~Risk management~ ~Risk management
1057 III, 10. 4. 2 | consideration.~ ~Risk management~ ~Risk management is the process
1058 III, 10. 4. 2 | the light of results of a risk assessment and, if required,
1059 III, 10. 4. 2 | reduce or eliminate the risk to ensure the high level
1060 III, 10. 4. 2 | appropriate in the EU. In this risk management phase, the decision
1061 III, 10. 4. 2 | addition to the scientific risk assessment. These include,
1062 III, 10. 4. 2 | feasibility of controlling a risk, the most effective risk
1063 III, 10. 4. 2 | risk, the most effective risk reduction actions depending
1064 III, 10. 4. 2 | establishes the principle that risk management actions are not
1065 III, 10. 4. 2 | scientific assessment of risk but also take into consideration
1066 III, 10. 4. 2 | Principle as an option open to risk managers when decisions
1067 III, 10. 4. 2 | information concerning the risk is inconclusive or incomplete
1068 III, 10. 4. 2 | those circumstances where risk managers have identified
1069 III, 10. 4. 2 | an unacceptable level of risk to health exists but the
1070 III, 10. 4. 2 | to enable a comprehensive risk assessment to be made. When
1071 III, 10. 4. 2 | circumstances, decision makers or risk managers, may take measures
1072 III, 10. 4. 2 | the White Paper is that risk management, which along
1073 III, 10. 4. 2 | management, which along with risk assessment and risk communication
1074 III, 10. 4. 2 | with risk assessment and risk communication forms the
1075 III, 10. 4. 2 | forms the third pillar of risk analysis, requires legislative
1076 III, 10. 4. 2 | European institutions.~ ~Risk assessment and risk communication:
1077 III, 10. 4. 2 | institutions.~ ~Risk assessment and risk communication: the European
1078 III, 10. 4. 2 | Scientific assessment of risk must be undertaken in an
1079 III, 10. 4. 2 | responsibility for scientific risk assessment and risk communication
1080 III, 10. 4. 2 | scientific risk assessment and risk communication in close collaboration
1081 III, 10. 4. 2 | advice, information and risk communication in the areas
1082 III, 10. 4. 2 | the responsibility for risk management lies with the
1083 III, 10. 4. 2 | major areas of activity (a) risk assessment and (b) risk
1084 III, 10. 4. 2 | risk assessment and (b) risk communication. Its work
1085 III, 10. 4. 2 | opinions on a wide variety of risk issues. These have included
1086 III, 10. 4. 2 | harmonised approaches of risk assessment methodologies
1087 III, 10. 4. 2 | data to ensure European risk assessment is supported
1088 III, 10. 4. 2 | external sources.~ ~EFSA’s risk assessment operations are
1089 III, 10. 4. 2 | addition, EFSA’s Pesticide Risk Assessment Peer Review Unit
1090 III, 10. 4. 2 | serious direct or indirect risk to human health, this information
1091 III, 10. 4. 2 | on account of a serious risk to human health requiring
1092 III, 10. 4. 2 | to a direct or indirect risk to human health, of a batch,
1093 III, 10. 4. 2 | notifications, where a food or feed risk is identified but no rapid
1094 III, 10. 4. 2 | to permit the conduct of risk assessments for chemical
1095 III, 10. 4. 2 | enable the consideration of risk management options for other
1096 III, 10. 4. 2 | projects.~The European Union Risk Analysis Information Network (
1097 III, 10. 4. 2 | from studies for microbial risk assessments. The type of
1098 III, 10. 4. 2 | notifications, where a food or feed risk has been identified in relation
1099 III, 10. 4. 2 | category (20%), and the-largest risk category being pathogenic
1100 III, 10. 4. 2 | 33%) while the largest risk category was mycotoxins (
1101 III, 10. 4. 2 | to reduce public health risk and provide the basis for
1102 III, 10. 4. 2 | bacteria pose a particular risk to humans, as therapeutic
1103 III, 10. 4. 2 | that poses a significant risk to human health (100 bacteria/
1104 III, 10. 4. 2 | food category is of higher risk for consumers.~· Salmonella,
1105 III, 10. 4. 2 | distribution of cases and related risk of acquiring disease within
1106 III, 10. 4. 2 | neurotoxic~ ~ ~None~ ~Theoretical risk calculated~at 75-130 cases
1107 III, 10. 4. 2 | seven~‘indicator’ PCBs; EU: risk~assessment by EFSA in~preparation~ ~
1108 III, 10. 4. 2 | the European Community.~A risk analysis procedure based
1109 III, 10. 4. 2 | Committee on Food assessed the risk of dioxin-like compounds
1110 III, 10. 4. 2 | scientific reasons to doubt this risk in humans, in principle,
1111 III, 10. 4. 2 | at present, how high the risk of contracting cancer is
1112 III, 10. 4. 2 | methodology to assess the risk of carcinogenic and untogenic
1113 III, 10. 4. 2 | Therefore, only cumulative risk assessment of compound sharing
1114 III, 10. 4. 2 | to carry out cumulative risk assessment. All have advantages
1115 III, 10. 4. 2 | disadvantages. Cumulative risk assessments have been conducted,
1116 III, 10. 4. 2 | Continuous dialogue between the risk assessment community (toxicologists,
1117 III, 10. 4. 2 | and food consumption) and risk managers is necessary to
1118 III, 10. 4. 2 | EFSA was asked to perform a risk assessment to support a
1119 III, 10. 4. 2 | methodological approaches to improve risk assessment in specific areas,
1120 III, 10. 4. 2 | formulation of advice to risk managers. The Opinion adopted
1121 III, 10. 4. 2 | considered a low priority for risk management actions. (EFSA/
1122 III, 10. 4. 2 | research needs. Differences in risk assessments and extrapolation
1123 III, 10. 4. 2 | 2004).~ ~Principles of risk assessment of food producing
1124 III, 10. 4. 2 | the initial stage of the risk assessment. This information
1125 III, 10. 4. 2 | information is used to develop a risk profile. A risk profile
1126 III, 10. 4. 2 | develop a risk profile. A risk profile also includes the
1127 III, 10. 4. 2 | profile also includes the risk question, the current understanding
1128 III, 10. 4. 2 | management. There is a need for risk managers to provide input
1129 III, 10. 4. 2 | process to make sure that the risk question is interpreted
1130 III, 10. 4. 2 | consideration throughout all the risk assessment process. This
1131 III, 10. 4. 2 | represents an integral part of risk assessment. While highly
1132 III, 10. 4. 2 | available at the time the risk assessment model was developed,
1133 III, 10. 4. 2 | products (PPR)~ ~Consumer risk assessment of pesticides
1134 III, 10. 4. 2 | importance of acute dietary risk assessment of pesticide
1135 III, 10. 4. 2 | entire European population. Risk managers will now decide
1136 III, 10. 4. 2 | include:~· EFSA to provide risk assessment for all active
1137 III, 10. 4. 2 | EFSA peer review for the risk assessment on plant protection
1138 III, 10. 4. 2 | ecotoxicology~ ~and provide risk assessment for:~· those
1139 III, 10. 4. 2 | conclusion; and~· third: risk managers take decision (
1140 III, 10. 4. 2 | joint peer review of the risk assessment by EFSA. This
1141 III, 10. 4. 2 | and technical quality in risk assessment in order to ensure
1142 III, 10. 4. 2 | order to ensure that the risk assessment is maintained
1143 III, 10. 4. 2 | scientific process separated from risk management;~· the implementation
1144 III, 10. 4. 2 | new guidance document on risk assessment developed by
1145 III, 10. 4. 2 | questions related to the risk assessment of plant protection
1146 III, 10. 4. 2 | issues regarding pesticide risk assessment or on specific
1147 III, 10. 4. 2 | Documents on pesticides risk assessment: promoting new
1148 III, 10. 4. 2 | Opinion on GD on the risk assessment for birds and
1149 III, 10. 4. 2 | further develop environmental risk assessments, the FOCUS (
1150 III, 10. 4. 2 | different aspects concerning risk assessment of pesticides
1151 III, 10. 4. 2 | their consistency in the risk assessment for groundwater
1152 III, 10. 4. 2 | mitigation factors in ecological risk assessment; and FOCUS guidance
1153 III, 10. 4. 2 | EU-level guidance on conducting risk assessments on pesticides
1154 III, 10. 4. 2 | the Guidance Document on Risk Assessment for Birds and
1155 III, 10. 4. 2 | scientific issues related to risk assessment on food and feed.
1156 III, 10. 4. 2 | to discuss the Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA) of Pesticides
1157 III, 10. 4. 2 | the many developments in risk assessment, EFSA has also
1158 III, 10. 4. 2 | Risk-benefit analysis~ ~The risk assessment of chemicals
1159 III, 10. 4. 2 | estimated; and~· finally, the risk characterization combines
1160 III, 10. 4. 2 | probability for a health risk in a given population as
1161 III, 10. 4. 2 | seriousness of any health risk.~ ~No such internationally
1162 III, 10. 4. 2 | already well established for risk analysis, consisting of
1163 III, 10. 4. 2 | compare/weigh the potential risk against the potential benefit (
1164 III, 10. 4. 2 | describe precisely both the risk(s) and the benefit(s) to
1165 III, 10. 4. 2 | risk-benefit analysis could improve risk communication to the consumer.
1166 III, 10. 4. 2 | considerations of probability as "risk" does, terminology such
1167 III, 10. 4. 2 | EFSA, 2006 b)~ ~Emerging risk~ ~With regard to Article
1168 III, 10. 4. 2 | EC) 178/2002, an emerging risk to human, animal and/or
1169 III, 10. 4. 2 | health is understood as a risk resulting from a newly identified
1170 III, 10. 4. 2 | assessment of an emerging risk is characterized by the
1171 III, 10. 4. 2 | of facts related to the risk derived either from research
1172 III, 10. 4. 2 | harmonize the outcome.~ ~Risk communication~ ~The second
1173 III, 10. 4. 2 | component of EFSA’s mandate is risk communication regarding
1174 III, 10. 4. 2 | public confidence in the way risk is assessed. EFSA uses a
1175 III, 10. 4. 2 | explaining and contextualising risk;~· working with key actors
1176 III, 10. 4. 2 | communications with other risk assessment bodies and risk
1177 III, 10. 4. 2 | risk assessment bodies and risk managers such as the European
1178 III, 10. 4. 2 | expert Advisory Group on Risk Communications, which reports
1179 III, 10. 4. 2 | food and feed safety and risk, food and feed safety surveillance
1180 III, 10. 4. 2 | control frequency based on risk in order to achieve the
1181 III, 10. 4. 2 | found to pose a serious risk to humans or animals either
1182 III, 10. 4. 2 | food technology and the risk assessment of novel nanoparticles
1183 III, 10. 4. 2 | Colloquium on “Cumulative risk assessment of pesticides
1184 III, 10. 4. 2 | food to healthy diets. EU risk assessment past, present
1185 III, 10. 4. 2 | support of ILSI European Risk Assessment of compounds
1186 III, 10. 4. 2 | POPs) as environmental risk factors in remote high-altitude
1187 III, 10. 4. 3 | Drinking water supplies risk to be disrupted in situations
1188 III, 10. 4. 3 | water . The estimated cancer risk at this level is in the
1189 III, 10. 4. 3 | al, 2006). At 50 μg/l the risk 1/100 which is 100 times
1190 III, 10. 4. 3 | aimed at minimising the risk of contamination by taking
1191 III, 10. 4. 3 | that pose a particular risk to animal and plant life
1192 III, 10. 4. 3 | based on a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management
1193 III, 10. 4. 3 | comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach towards
1194 III, 10. 4. 3 | pose a significant health risk. Of further note, the Directive
1195 III, 10. 4. 4 | consumer products pose a risk to human health is through
1196 III, 10. 4. 5 | necessarily mean that there is no risk to human health. The new
1197 III, 10. 4. 5 | information with regard to the risk to human health. The new
1198 III, 10. 4. 5 | species. Another potential risk for exposure is via the
1199 III, 10. 4. 5 | better information on the risk to human health. The new
1200 III, 10. 4. 5 | that the estimated health risk to bathers is reduced. There
1201 III, 10. 4. 5 | association. Increases in relative risk are difficult to detect
1202 III, 10. 4. 5 | now have become a serious risk to the environment. Supply
1203 III, 10. 4. 5 | measures and the various risk assessment and management
1204 III, 10. 4. 5 | countries to identify sites at risk of contamination and establish
1205 III, 10. 4. 5 | establishing the real level of risk associated with sites, including
1206 III, 10. 5. 1 | pot of uncounted health risk factors and it is very difficult
1207 III, 10. 5. 1 | guidelines are sources of risk for severe pneumonia in
1208 III, 10. 5. 1 | to indoor pollutants and risk factors. As most of the
1209 III, 10. 5. 1 | features that may increase the risk of an accident are for example
1210 III, 10. 5. 1 | inadequate lighting. Such risk factors are of special concern
1211 III, 10. 5. 1 | rise flats, are the housing risk factors most strongly associated
1212 III, 10. 5. 1 | pose a significant health risk that is generally underestimated.
1213 III, 10. 5. 1 | Agency, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (2005): A healthier
1214 III, 10. 5. 1 | of urban PM 25 mortality risk using modern ventilation
1215 III, 10. 5. 1 | 2003 Heat Wave in France: Risk Factors for Death of Elderly
1216 III, 10. 5. 2 | there is now an increasing risk also in some rather urbanized
1217 III, 10. 5. 3 | risks for specific outcome – risk factor associations, it
1218 III, 10. 5. 3 | information from inside the “risk environment”. In this chapter,
1219 III, 10. 5. 3 | their health or safety at risk because of their work (table
1220 III, 10. 5. 3 | his health or safety at risk because of his work.~When
1221 III, 10. 5. 3 | factors.~ ~Work organisational risk factors~Working at very
1222 III, 10. 5. 3 | in Italy44.~ ~Physical risk factors~Current working
1223 III, 10. 5. 3 | large variety of physical risk factors (table 10.5.3.13).
1224 III, 10. 5. 3 | have also shown an elevated risk of psychological exhaustion.~ ~
1225 III, 10. 5. 3 | violence and psychosocial risk factors. More women than
1226 III, 10. 5. 3 | and safety at increased risk, compared to other workers
1227 III, 10. 5. 3 | their work. These “new” risk factors are associated to
1228 III, 10. 5. 3 | working times increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.~ ~
1229 III, 10. 5. 3 | effectively improve health, reduce risk factors and diseases and
1230 III, 10. 5. 3 | identifying and preventing risk factors in the working environment,
1231 III, 10. 5. 3 | important as preventing single risk factors - and also more
1232 III, 10. 5. 3 | measures lead to a reduction of risk factors and diseases and
1233 III, 10. 5. 3 | and health were at higher risk, whereas young workers,
1234 III, 10. 6. 1 | when adjusting for known risk factors (Kaplan et al.,
1235 III, 10. 6. 1 | found to have an increased risk of coronary heart disease (
1236 III, 10. 6. 1 | the crime rates and the risk for victimization (Van Dijk
1237 III, 10. 6. 2 | detected. Moreover, the risk of being socially isolated,
1238 III, 10. 6. 2 | parental social status. The risk of unemployment and poor
1239 III, 10. 6. 2 | vulnerability towards these social risk factors in lower status
1240 III, 10. 6. 2 | increases of the relative excess risk of dying in the lowest socio-economic
1241 III, 10. 6. 2 | excessive drinking and other risk factors for premature mortality.
1242 III, 10. 6. 2 | across social groups. High risk populations in Europe, indicated
1243 III, 10. 6. 2 | inequalities, e.g. by: addressing risk factors through health promotion;
1244 III, 10. 6. 3 | Addressing individual risk factors and taking steps
1245 III, 10. 6. 3 | steps to modify individual risk behaviours, including the
1246 III, 10. 6. 3 | related to crime rates and the risk for victimization. However,
1247 IV, 11. 1. 5 | patient safety by reducing the risk of harm through medical
1248 IV, 11. 1. 5 | illustrated a wide variety in risk perceptions associated to
1249 IV, 11. 1. 6 | agreed services and bares the risk that the negotiated amount
1250 IV, 11. 1. 6 | focus on the balancing of risk aversion with moral hazard (
1251 IV, 11. 1. 6 | fee for service that is risk adjusted by case mix complexity –
1252 IV, 11. 1. 6 | an unbiased and accurate risk adjustment process, and
1253 IV, 11. 1. 6 | markets related to assessing risk, setting premiums, designing
1254 IV, 11. 2. 1 | and management of patient risk factors in addition to diagnosis
1255 IV, 11. 4 | programmes to reduce the risk of cervical cancer~· Recent
1256 IV, 11. 4 | Virus (HPV) to reduce the risk of cervical cancer~· Laparoscopic
1257 IV, 11. 5. 1 | taking into account the risk of transmission of infectious
1258 IV, 11. 5. 3 | factors included in the risk assessment in the different
1259 IV, 11. 5. 3 | regulated).~ ~Figure 11.15. Risk assessment criteria in organ
1260 IV, 11. 5. 3 | transplant~ ~Most of the risk assessment is governed by
1261 IV, 11. 5. 3 | different criteria in the risk assessment are covered in
1262 IV, 11. 5. 4 | transplant outcome and low donor risk.~The extent to which living
1263 IV, 11. 5. 4 | the disease transmission risk inherent in each case. Although
1264 IV, 11. 5. 4 | Although a definition of risk based upon the donor’s profile
1265 IV, 11. 5. 4 | benefits to be considered: the risk associated with the organ
1266 IV, 11. 5. 5 | biomarkers to define the risk of rejection and to finalize
1267 IV, 11. 6. 2 | purchaser and a universal risk pool, which is more desirable
1268 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Netherlands, and Slovakia risk adjustment mechanisms are
1269 IV, 11. 6. 2 | and to shift the financial risk to the providers in order
1270 IV, 11. 6. 3 | there is a higher degree of risk pooling across the population,
1271 IV, 11. 6. 3 | on the ability to pay and risk of ill-health as opposed
1272 IV, 11. 6. 4 | to spread the financial risk across the population, in
1273 IV, 11. 6. 4 | it reduces incentives for risk selection (in social health
1274 IV, 11. 6. 4 | adjusted depending on the risk profile of the population
1275 IV, 11. 6. 4 | social characteristics, risk adjustment is needed to
1276 IV, 11. 6. 4 | fund) with some type of risk adjustment. However, many
1277 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Resource allocation based on risk adjusted capitation aims
1278 IV, 11. 6. 4 | priorities. The broad goals of risk adjustment relate to equity (
1279 IV, 11. 6. 4 | sickness funds engaging in risk selection and to shift the
1280 IV, 11. 6. 4 | and to shift the financial risk onto the providers). While
1281 IV, 11. 6. 4 | England is based on the risk adjustment formula that
1282 IV, 11. 6. 4 | One of the challenges with risk adjustment is that regional
1283 IV, 11. 6. 4 | other regions. Moreover, risk adjustment mechanisms implemented
1284 IV, 11. 6. 4 | mechanisms implemented to prevent risk selection amongst competing
1285 IV, 11. 6. 4 | revenue bases and population risk profiles to ‘level the playing
1286 IV, 11. 6. 4 | incomes of the insured). Risk adjustment therefore incurs
1287 IV, 11. 6. 4 | experience in developing risk adjustment formulae, such
1288 IV, 11. 6. 4 | above and England (where risk adjusted capitation has
1289 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 2002). An analysis of the risk adjustment schemes in place
1290 IV, 11. 6. 4 | were used to adjust for risk. Thus, funds still have
1291 IV, 11. 6. 4 | financial incentives towards risk select, while there is some
1292 IV, 11. 6. 4 | there is some evidence of risk selection activities (van
1293 IV, 11. 6. 4 | also increased evidence of risk selection therefore undermining
1294 IV, 11. 6. 4 | fund allocates~22 funds~No risk pooling across funds. No
1295 IV, 11. 6. 4 | based)~No capitation. Full risk pooling~Malta~Ministry of
1296 IV, 11. 6. 4 | statistical analyses known as risk adjustment methods.~The
1297 IV, 11. 6. 4 | countries. The implementation of risk adjustment models is possible
1298 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Beck K et al. (2003). "Risk adjustment and risk selection
1299 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2003). "Risk adjustment and risk selection on the sickness
1300 IV, 12. 1 | improving knowledge about risk factors, and encouraging
1301 IV, 12. 2 | prevention is that individual risk factors (such as hypertension
1302 IV, 12. 2 | increasing intensity as the CVD risk increases; treatment targets
1303 IV, 12. 2 | individuals with different risk profiles have been set in
1304 IV, 12. 2 | nutritional control of these risk factors; the hypolipidemic
1305 IV, 12. 2 | protein, fibers. In high risk subjects, if these interventions
1306 IV, 12. 2 | major reductions in CVD risk factor levels, morbidity
1307 IV, 12. 2 | infection (HPV), which is a risk factor for cervical cancer.~
1308 IV, 12. 2 | from primary prevention of risk factors (also know as health
1309 IV, 12. 2 | detect a disease or a high risk state in an early stage,
1310 IV, 12. 2 | are at sufficiently high risk of a specific disorder to
1311 IV, 12. 2 | control.~ ~2. Alcohol~ ~Risk reduction strategies include
1312 IV, 12. 2 | heavy consumption and high risk drinking, but were not as
1313 IV, 12. 4 | of products with a health risk~TRADE~Trade negotiations
1314 IV, 12. 4 | by promoting a culture of risk prevention.~ ~FRA~ ~European
1315 IV, 12. 5 | monitoring.~ ~1.1.3. Develop risk management capacity and
1316 IV, 12. 5 | health emergencies; develop risk communication and consultation
1317 IV, 12. 5 | enhance scientific advice and risk assessment by promoting
1318 IV, 12. 10 | activities concerning safety/risk.~Safety/risk awareness at
1319 IV, 12. 10 | concerning safety/risk.~Safety/risk awareness at the provider
1320 IV, 12. 10 | by Governmental actions. Risk awareness/management and
1321 IV, 12. 10 | of medicinal products and risk monitoring of medical devices.~
1322 IV, 12. 10 | engering.~Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (Bundesinstitut
1323 IV, 12. 10 | Enhancing safety (or rather: risk!) awareness at the individual
1324 IV, 12. 10 | Chemical substances that pose a risk to human health and the
1325 IV, 12. 10 | engering.~Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (Bundesinstitut
1326 IV, 12. 10 | assessment of the epidemiological risk based on real-time objective
1327 IV, 12. 10 | 2006): work activities at risk in case of alcohol consumption.~
1328 IV, 12. 10 | prevention of cardiovascular risk.~National Prevention Plan
1329 IV, 12. 10 | Secondary prevention of risk factors for mental illnesses
1330 IV, 12. 10 | diseases, screening for risk factors, including obesity;~
1331 IV, 12. 10 | There seems to be some risk for a separation of social
1332 IV, 13. 2. 1 | different diseases or underlying risk factors. The use of the
1333 IV, 13. 2. 1 | also be calculated for the risk factors based on the fraction
1334 IV, 13. 2. 1 | can be explained by that risk factor (or attributed to
1335 IV, 13. 2. 1 | factor (or attributed to the risk factor). DALYs lost due
1336 IV, 13. 2. 1 | particular cause (disease or risk factor) can also be understood
1337 IV, 13. 2. 3 | sensitive groups at higher risk for damage or disease from
1338 IV, 13. 2. 3 | exploited are at a higher risk of injuries due to environmental
1339 IV, 13. 2. 4 | additional estimates of the major risk factors that contribute
1340 IV, 13. 2. 4 | Disease. As these major risk factors are largely preventable,
1341 IV, 13. 2. 4 | The major preventable risk factors in the European
1342 IV, 13. 2. 4 | in Table 13.6 that these risk factors have a different
1343 IV, 13. 3 | 78 million people, are at risk of income poverty, with
1344 IV, 13. 3 | groups facing an even higher risk.~ ~A number of indicators
1345 IV, 13. 3 | of EU citizens live at a risk of poverty despite being
1346 IV, 13. 3 | 78 million people, are at risk of income poverty, with
1347 IV, 13. 3 | groups facing an even higher risk.~ ~ ~
1348 IV, 13. 5 | illnesses and are at a higher risk of suffering from multiple
1349 IV, 13. 5 | dementia cases. The primary risk factor for dementia is age,
1350 IV, 13. 5 | care costs. Although the risk of disease and disability
1351 IV, 13. 5 | term care as a new social risk to be covered by social
1352 IV, 13. 5 | inequalities, e.g. by: addressing risk factors through health promotion;
1353 IV, 13. 7. 3 | for environment and health risk assessment. Overall, the
1354 IV, 13. 7. 5 | better identification of risk groups. Recent technical
1355 IV, 13. 9 | al (2002): Selected major risk factors and global and regional
