Part,  Chapter, Paragraph

 1   II,     9.  1.  2|     pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) following prenatal diagnosis (
 2   II,     9.  1.  2| completeness of ascertainment of TOPFA or postneonatally diagnosed
 3   II,     9.  1.  2|    following prenatal diagnosis (TOPFA), or stillbirths, and usually
 4   II,     9.  1.  2| pregnancy due to foetal anomaly (TOPFA) following prenatal diagnosis.
 5   II,     9.  1.  2|    pregnancy for foetal anomaly (TOPFA), live-birth prevalence
 6   II,     9.  1.  2|         are both countries where TOPFA is illegal, and thus the
 7   II,     9.  1.  2|    following prenatal diagnosis (TOPFA) to all births, and Perinatal
 8   II,     9.  1.  2|         2000-2004~ ~The ratio of TOPFA to births varies from 0 (
 9   II,     9.  1.  2|      factors, and differences in TOPFA laws, influence the rate
10   II,     9.  1.  2|      laws, influence the rate of TOPFA in the population, as discussed
11   II,     9.  1.  2|      EUROCAT, 2005b). In Poland, TOPFA is not encouraged, and done
12   II,     9.  1.  2|    anomaly. Some countries allow TOPFA at any gestational age (
13   II,     9.  1.  2|  gestational age limit but allow TOPFA for lethal anomalies beyond
14   II,     9.  1.  2|              Table 9.1.2.3 shows TOPFA before and after 20 weeks
15   II,     9.  1.  2|     weeks gestation. The highest TOPFA ratio both before and after
16   II,     9.  1.  2|          late terminations. Late TOPFA, where legal, may be recorded
17   II,     9.  1.  2|         vary within countries.~ ~TOPFA in most countries far outnumber
18   II,     9.  1.  2| congenital anomaly, whether as a TOPFA, stillbirth or neonatal
19   II,     9.  1.  2|  differences in total mortality (TOPFA plus perinatal) between
20   II,     9.  1.  2|         the frequency with which TOPFA is carried out for non-lethal
21   II,     9.  1.  2| stillbirths, neonatal deaths and TOPFA.~ ~Despite the important
22   II,     9.  1.  2|      left heart (EUROCAT, 2007). TOPFA is not common for congenital
23   II,     9.  1.  2| prevalence (including LB, SB and TOPFA) of 3.4 per 1 000.~ ~Figure
24   II,     9.  1.  2|          an increasing number of TOPFA. Overall in Europe, as represented
25   II,     9.  1.  2|        births as the increase in TOPFA has outweighed the increase
26   II,     9.  1.  2| regarding prenatal screening and TOPFA, as well as maternal age
27   II,     9.  1.  2|  prenatally diagnosed leading to TOPFA, while in others TOPFA is
28   II,     9.  1.  2|        to TOPFA, while in others TOPFA is rare (see above). This
29   II,     9.  1.  2|   diagnosed (EUROCAT, 2007), but TOPFA is rare as the prognosis
30   II,     9.  1.  2|              9.1.2.8. Acronyms~ ~TOPFA Terminations of Pregnancy