| | 
Alphabetical [« »]
098 1
0f 1
1 1786
10 960
100 436
1000 57
10000 1
| Frequency [« »]
1000 these
992 other
975 there
960 10
949 was
946 age
935 most
| EUGLOREH project THE STATUS OF HEALTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A HEALTHIER EUROPE - FULL REPORT Concordances 10 |
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | trends mainly over the last 10 years and, when possible,
2 I, 2. 4 | of real GDP over the last 10 years of all the EU member
3 I, 2. 4 | experienced in the last 10 years. However, recent EUROSTAT
4 I, 2. 5 | workers + 15.5%, young adults -10%).~ ~A possible trend that
5 I, 2. 6 | with reductions of about 10 percentage points (European
6 I, 2. 7 | 18 of which had more than 10 million inhabitants). In
7 I, 2. 7 | new Hammarby Sjostad zone, 10,000 flats for 25,000 inhabitants,
8 I, 2. 9 | are dealt with in Chapter 10.~ ~ ~
9 I, 2. 10 | 2.10 Technological developments~ ~
10 I, 2. 10. 1 | 2.10.1. Human genomics and other “
11 I, 2. 10. 2 | 2.10.2. Nanotechnologies~ ~Due
12 I, 2. 10. 3 | 2.10.3. Information and communication
13 I, 2. 10. 4 | 2.10.4. Automatic identification
14 I, 2. 10. 4 | adverse drug errors9. Around 10% of admissions are likely
15 I, 2. 10. 4 | administration errors (from 3.10% to 0.84%)11. Chelsea and
16 I, 2. 10. 4(11)| Wesselink, Gerle Ziekenhuizen, 10 November 2006~
17 I, 2. 10. 4 | estimated that less than 10% of hospitals currently
18 I, 2. 10. 5 | 2.10.5. Health technology assessment~ ~
19 I, 3. 1 | childlessness stood at about 10% in birth cohort 1935 in
20 I, 3. 1 | or less stable (at about 10%) and even lower in France (
21 I, 3. 1 | childlessness level of around 10%. This ‘pattern of early
22 I, 3. 1 | Latvia and Sweden had over 10% of children born outside
23 I, 3. 1 | Greece have a level below 10%. More than 40% of children
24 I, 3. 2 | population growth between 10 and 15%, France, the Netherlands
25 I, 3. 2 | and the UK between 5 and 10%. Five Countries will have
26 I, 3. 2 | and Spain. A decline of 4-10% is foreseen for Germany,
27 I, 3. 2 | Portugal and Slovenia, a 10-20% decrease in the Czech Republic,
28 I, 3. 2 | Italy (3%) and Netherlands (10%) all have more than 1 million
29 II, 4. 1 | 2004).~ ~Table 4.1.3 shows 10-year trends in life expectancy
30 II, 4. 1 | 2005, per gender~ ~Over the 10 year period 1995-2005, life
31 II, 4. 1 | years gap) for men and from 10.4 years to 24.1 years (13.
32 II, 4. 1 | life expectancy over the 10-year period 1995-2005 and
33 II, 4. 2 | external causes (causes 10, 11 and 12 in table 3) has
34 II, 5. 1. 1 | the toddlers usually after 10 months of age.~Liver Cirrhosis~
35 II, 5. 2. 2 | events rates derived from 10-year surveillance (from
36 II, 5. 2. 3 | see mean attack rates of 10-year surveillance for coronary
37 II, 5. 2. 3 | events) per 100.000 during 10-year registration in men
38 II, 5. 2. 3 | in coronary event rate in 10 years.~ ~To summarize, IHD,
39 II, 5. 2. 3 | 84, stroke accounts for 10% of all-cause mortality.
40 II, 5. 2. 3 | Mortality increased by 10% in Eastern Europe (from
41 II, 5. 2. 3 | those collected more than 10 years ago through the same
42 II, 5. 2. 3 | the last 3 years of the 10- year surveillance in men
43 II, 5. 2. 3 | average annual trend in 10 years of stroke events .~ ~
44 II, 5. 2. 3 | mortality during the last 10 years suggest that acute
45 II, 5. 2. 4 | and overweight (Table 5.2.10) are also included alongside
46 II, 5. 2. 4 | CV risk (see also Chapter 10).~ ~Table 5.2.10. Estimated
47 II, 5. 2. 4 | Chapter 10).~ ~Table 5.2.10. Estimated prevalence of
48 II, 5. 2. 4 | 20-30 g/day in men and 10-20 g/day in women) is associated
49 II, 5. 2. 4 | been found that in over 10 years the prevalence of
50 II, 5. 2. 7 | risk profile (Low Risk) and 10-year stroke incidence in
51 II, 5. 2. 7 | population samples. Am J Epid 163(10): 893-902.~Gra ). European
52 II, 5. 2. 7 | cardiovascular risk profile and 10-year coronary heart disease
53 II, 5. 2. 7 | CUORE study [htt rg/doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.023] (
54 II, 5. 2. 7 | Group. N Engl J Med 344: 3-10.~Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout
55 II, 5. 2. 7 | heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO
56 II, 5. 3. 5 | men and women (Figures 5.3.10) (65 new cases in men and
57 II, 5. 3. 6 | year relative survival ~10% in men and women (Figures
58 II, 5. 3. 7 | al, 2003).~ ~See Chapter 10 for primary prevention approaches
59 II, 5. 3. 8 | incidence over the next 10-20 years (i.e.: European
60 II, 5. 4. 1 | process. A percentage of about 10% of the diabetic population
61 II, 5. 4. 1 | experience prevalence rates above 10%. Diabetes mellitus has
62 II, 5. 4. 1 | the disease, leading about 10% of those affected to develop
63 II, 5. 4. 2 | Diabetes mellitus 250; ICD 10: Diabetes mellitus E10–14;
64 II, 5. 4. 2 | showing a value >140/90~10~Percent of diabetic subjects
65 II, 5. 4. 2 | of diabetes mellitus by 10 year age bands~2~IV Epidemiology
66 II, 5. 4. 2 | 100,000 general population~10~Annual incidence of myocardial
67 II, 5. 4. 2 | 100,000 general population~10~ ~Definitions:~In terms
68 II, 5. 4. 3 | and 2.4% (1.0-3.8%) for 10-14 years (Green, 2001).~
69 II, 5. 4. 3 | Portugal) per 100,000 in 10 countries delivering accurate
70 II, 5. 4. 3 | different databases collected by 10 countries from 25% (Finland)
71 II, 5. 4. 3 | countries report values between 10% for Ireland and 37% for
72 II, 5. 4. 3 | inspection. In EUCID there were 10 countries contributing data,
73 II, 5. 4. 3 | Portugal), ranging between 10 (Italy) and 1380 (Slovak
74 II, 5. 4. 3 | stroke. In EUCID, a total of 10 countries reported a range
75 II, 5. 4. 3 | myocardial infarction. A total of 10 EUCID collaborators reported
76 II, 5. 4. 4 | high as that of diabetes. 10% of these subjects will
77 II, 5. 4. 6 | risk factors see Chapter 10.~To prevent the occurrence
78 II, 5. 4. 8 | document online, accessed on 10 October 2008)~De Beaufort
79 II, 5. 4. 8 | report online, accessed on 10 October 2008)~FEND, IDF
80 II, 5. 4. 8 | report online, accessed on 10 October 2008)~EURODIAB ACE
81 II, 5. 4. 8 | report online, accessed on 10 October 2008)~Jes . (2007);
82 II, 5. 4. 8 | report online, accessed on 10 October 2008)~Wil H (2004):
83 II, 5. 5.Int | Europe. Depression affects 10-15% of people over 65. Older
84 II, 5. 5.Int(21)| Official Journal L294/1 of 29.10.02.~
85 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorder to vary between 10-22% and projected lifetime
86 II, 5. 5. 1 | self-harm is estimated to be 10–40 times more common than
87 II, 5. 5. 1 | year as registered by ICD-9/10. These data has been derived
88 II, 5. 5. 2 | Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(10): 895-906~ ~European Public
89 II, 5. 5. 3 | body fat, but not less than 10 percent body fat as it is
90 II, 5. 5. 3 | are female; nonetheless, 10% of cases occur in male.
91 II, 5. 5. 3 | in different countries (10 EU Member States: Austria,
92 II, 5. 5. 3 | the incidence rate among 10-14-year-old females has
93 II, 5. 5. 3 | increase in bulimia for 10-39-year-old women during
94 II, 5. 5. 3 | follow-up measurements of 5 or 10 years allowing conclusions
95 II, 5. 5. 3 | Wiley InterScience DOI: 10.1002/eat.1022.~Levey R (
96 II, 5. 5. 3 | Disorder 00:0 000-000 2008-DOI 10.1002/eat.~Misra M, Aggarwal
97 II, 5. 5. 3 | premature deaths). About 10 percent of affected people
98 II, 5. 5. 3 | rates for schizophrenia of 10% are widely cited. More
99 II, 5. 5. 3 | beds in general hospitals (10%) than the world average (
100 II, 5. 5. 3 | Ment Health Policy Econ 10:63-71.~Fors BM, Isacson
101 II, 5. 5. 3 | literature. J Clin Psychiatry 63(10):892-909.~Lange W, Munk-Jørgensen
102 II, 5. 5. 3 | Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(10):1123-31.~Sartorius N (2007):
103 II, 5. 5. 3 | 05; Copenhagen, Helsinki 10. Jan. 2005. Available at: htt 1;
104 II, 5. 5. 3 | study included approximately 10 percent of U.S. eight-year-old
105 II, 5. 5. 3 | eight-year-olds (65.88 per 10,000) were identified as
106 II, 5. 5. 3 | Disorders (ASD) from 4 per 10,000 to 66 per 10000 children
107 II, 5. 5. 3 | Psychiatry 2005, 66 (suppl. 10)~Knapp M, Romeo R, Beecham
108 II, 5. 5. 3 | and Development Disorders, 10.~ ~ ~
109 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2-16%) and neoplasms (6-10%).~There are only few observations
110 II, 5. 5. 3 | 1991 (*)~Spain ~Children >10 years and adults~Two-phase
111 II, 5. 5. 3 | unclassified syndromes (5-10%)(Eriksson & Koivikko, 1997;
112 II, 5. 5. 3 | probability of survival at 10, 20 and 40 years after seizure
113 II, 5. 5. 3 | epilepsy during the first 10 to 14 years of disease.
114 II, 5. 5. 3 | conditions with PR greater than 10 in patients aged 16-64 and
115 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5-year remission rate at 10 years was 61% in adults (
116 II, 5. 5. 3 | literature review. Epilepsy Behav 10:354-362.~Taylor J, Chadwick
117 II, 5. 5. 3 | Economics. www f (accessed 10 May 2005).~Van den Broek
118 II, 5. 5. 3 | 000 in women and between 10 and 123 per 100 000 in men,
119 II, 5. 5. 3 | case in Europe ranges from €10 000 to €54 000, with a mean
120 II, 5. 5. 3 | categories (0, 0.5, 1, etc. to 10) which indicate the level
121 II, 5. 5. 3 | and totally helpless and 10 is death due to MS.~ ~Treatment~
122 II, 5. 5. 3 | Trisolini et al, 2002)~These 10 principles were designed
123 II, 5. 5. 3 | Neuroepidemiology 11:1-10.~Koch-Henriksen N (1999):
124 II, 5. 5. 3 | Disability 1985;38(2):203-10.~Lensky P (1994): Geographic
125 II, 5. 5. 3 | however, approximately 10% of the patients are younger
126 II, 5. 5. 3 | due to PD resulting in €10.7 billion per year in Europe (
127 II, 5. 5. 3 | as stage HYI or HYII and 10% were classified as stage
128 II, 5. 5. 3 | and Mutch et al (in which 10.2% of the study population
129 II, 5. 5. 3 | followed PD patients over a 10-year time-period, reports
130 II, 5. 5. 3 | of PD was estimated at €10.7 billion in 2004 in EU25
131 II, 5. 5. 3 | s 5 most and the world's 10 most populous nations: in
132 II, 5. 5. 3 | San Marino. Neurology 37(10):1679-1682.~de Rijk MC,
133 II, 5. 5. 3 | neurosurgery, and psychiatry 62(1):10-15.~Dodel RC, Singer M,
134 II, 5. 5. 3 | United Kingdom. Mov Disord 18(10):1139-1145.~Gasser T (2007):
135 II, 5. 5. 3 | progression and mortality at 10 years. Journal of neurology,
136 II, 5. 5. 3 | post-levodopa eras. Neurol Clin 10(2):331-339.~Horstink M,
137 II, 5. 5. 3 | Parkinsonism Relat Disord 10(1):19-21.~Orphanet (2007):
138 II, 5. 5. 3 | County project. Neurology 43(10):1918-1926.~van de Vijver
139 II, 5. 5. 3 | Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 10(6):549-554.~Vanacore N (
140 II, 5. 6. 3 | conditions rank in the top 10 causes of DALY in Europe (
141 II, 5. 6. 3 | 70%, foot OA 40%, knee OA 10% and hip OA 3% (Lawrence
142 II, 5. 6. 3 | study that approximately 10% of the population 60 years
143 II, 5. 6. 3 | is lower, namely around 10-30%. Clinic-based established
144 II, 5. 6. 3 | significant progression over 10 years with few being controlled
145 II, 5. 6. 3 | with a median duration of 10 months. There is also an
146 II, 5. 6. 3 | due to RA and less than 10% had severe disability.
147 II, 5. 6. 3 | of the total costs after 10 years (Hulsemann et al,
148 II, 5. 6. 3 | to increase in the next 10 years in Europe due to the
149 II, 5. 6. 3 | fractures. Approximately 10–15 years later, at the age
150 II, 5. 6. 3 | The lifetime risk or the 10 year probability of fracture
151 II, 5. 6. 3 | incidences of 9 and 37 per 10 000 men and women respectively,
152 II, 5. 6. 3 | comprehensible, i.e. 5 to 10 years (Kanis et al, 2002) (
153 II, 5. 6. 3 | et al, 2002) (Table 5.6.10).~ ~Table 5.6.10. Estimated
154 II, 5. 6. 3 | Table 5.6.10).~ ~Table 5.6.10. Estimated 10 year risks
155 II, 5. 6. 3 | Table 5.6.10. Estimated 10 year risks of fractures
156 II, 5. 6. 3 | causes account for about 10% of cases whereas 90% of
157 II, 5. 6. 3 | costs are mainly incurred by 10 – 25% of those with back
158 II, 5. 6. 6 | Perspective. Ann Rheum Dis 64(10):1456-61~Jacobson L. and
159 II, 5. 6. 6 | surveys at an interval of 10 years. BMJ 320:1577-1578~
160 II, 5. 6. 6 | population with that in 10 other populations. Ann Rheum
161 II, 5. 7. 1 | III) show that about 1 out 10 adult Americans exhibit
162 II, 5. 7. 3 | of 1-5 CKD in Norway was 10.2% which is similar to the
163 II, 5. 7. 3 | Cirillo et al, 2006) to 10.2% (Iceland) (Viktorsdottir
164 II, 5. 7. 7 | Circulation 2002 Aug 6;106(6):703-10.~Ejerblad E, Fored CM, Lindblad
165 II, 5. 7. 7 | Soc Nephrol 2003 Oct;14(10):2573-80.~Loucks EB, Rehkopf
166 II, 5. 7. 7 | Eur Heart J 2006 May;27(10):1245-50.~National Kidney
167 II, 5. 8. 3 | 1950 in Northern Sweden, a 10-year cumulative incidence
168 II, 5. 8. 3 | suggested COPD GOLD stage II was 10.1% overall, 11.8% for men,
169 II, 5. 8. 3 | at stage II or higher at 10.7%. A doctor diagnosis of
170 II, 5. 8. 3 | that COPD was present in 10.4% of the 2497 subjects
171 II, 5. 8. 3 | than in male COPD patients (10% and 20%). Moreover, depletion
172 II, 5. 8. 3 | Spanish population of about 10 700 COPD patients, with
173 II, 5. 8. 3 | an average FEV of 35.9 ± 10% (Carrasco Garrido, 2006).
174 II, 5. 8. 3 | treatment of 40+ year patients, 10% was directed to treatment
175 II, 5. 8. 4 | exposure contributes by about 10-20% to the burden of COPD (
176 II, 5. 8. 4 | were found to contribute by 10% in smokers and by 50% in
177 II, 5. 8. 5 | with a smoking history of 10+ pack-years (n=11,027).
178 II, 5. 8. 5 | 25.1% former smokers and 10.9% lifelong non-smokers.
179 II, 5. 8. 5 | aged 40 with a history of 10 pack-yrs. Therefore, it
180 II, 5. 8. 7 | Burden of Airway Disease. 10.1164/ rccm.167.5.787. Am.
181 II, 5. 8. 7 | and social conditions”, 10/2006, Eurostat.~ ~Pelkonen
182 II, 5. 8. 7 | Journal of Public Health 3(10)- www/hcjz.hr~ ~Wagena EJ,
183 II, 5. 9. 1 | AR is estimated to affect 10–30%. Asthma and AR are often
184 II, 5. 9. 2 | of status asthmaticus 493.10~· Intrinsic asthma with
185 II, 5. 9. 2 | prospective survey of more than 10,000 young adults begun in
186 II, 5. 9. 3 | peaked in boys aged less than 10 years (4.38/1000 people
187 II, 5. 9. 3 | 62.8% and 15.0% in the <10- and > or =20-years age-at-onset
188 II, 5. 9. 3 | 11.6%, Iceland 11%, Spain 10.6% and Poland 8.5% and Germany
189 II, 5. 9. 4 | to determine about 1 in 10 cases of asthma in the working
190 II, 5. 9. 4 | occupational exposures ranged from 10% to 25%, equivalent to an
191 II, 5. 9. 4 | sample of 4470 children from 10 different areas; the prevalence
192 II, 5. 9. 4 | used; ninety-nine children (10.2%) had a physician's diagnosis
193 II, 5. 9. 4 | POR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.47-1.10) were found in children
194 II, 5. 9. 4 | animal models. Coarse (2.5-10 microm) and fine (0.15-2.
195 II, 5. 9. 7 | Indoor Air. 2005;15 Suppl 10:33-9.~ ~European Community
196 II, 5. 9. 7 | 2006, 6(Suppl 1):S2 doi:10.1186/1471-2466-6-S1-S2).~ ~
197 II, 5. 9. 7 | Gesundheitsschutz. May-Jun;50(5-6):701-10~ ~Simpson A, Custovic A (
198 II, 5. 9. 7 | of Public Health 2007; 3(10) - www.hcjz.hr~ ~Wang Y,
199 II, 5. 10 | 5.10. Food allergy and intolerance~ ~
200 II, 5. 10. 1 | 5.10.1. Introduction~ ~Adverse
201 II, 5. 10. 1 | unknown mechanisms.~ ~Figure 5.10.1. Classification of adverse
202 II, 5. 10. 2 | 5.10.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
203 II, 5. 10. 2 | 5.10.2.1. Allergen databases~ ~
204 II, 5. 10. 2 | et al, 2003).~ ~Table 5.10.1. Available allergen databases.~ ~
205 II, 5. 10. 2 | 5.10.2.2 Most common allergenic
206 II, 5. 10. 2 | 5.10.2.3. Prevalence of food
207 II, 5. 10. 2 | food (Table 2).~ ~Table 5.10.2. ICD codes presumed to
208 II, 5. 10. 3 | 5.10.3. Data description and
209 II, 5. 10. 3 | to Sweden (18%) (Figure 5.10.2). The most commonly identified
210 II, 5. 10. 3 | et al, 2007).~ ~Figure 5.10.2. Reported food allergy/
211 II, 5. 10. 3 | intolerant to food (see section 5.10.3.1.) and the number confirmed
212 II, 5. 10. 3 | 5.10.3.3. Prevalence of non IgE-mediated
213 II, 5. 10. 3 | allergy worldwide (Figure 5.10.3), with an overall prevalence
214 II, 5. 10. 3 | Catassi, 2001).~ ~Figure 5.10.3. Prevalence of celiac
215 II, 5. 10. 4 | 5.10.4. Data discussion~ ~An
216 II, 5. 10. 5 | 5.10.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
217 II, 5. 10. 5 | allergenic source (Table 5.10.1). Alcoholic beverages
218 II, 5. 10. 5 | to foodstuffs.~ ~Table 5.10.3. List of food ingredients/
219 II, 5. 10. 5 | concentrations of more than 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/litre expressed
220 II, 5. 10. 5 | of more than 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/litre expressed as SO2 .~ ~
221 II, 5. 10. 5 | form labelling (Table 5.10.1). It is to note that the
222 II, 5. 10. 6 | 5.10.6. Future developments~ ~
223 II, 5. 10. 7 | 5.10.7. References~ ~Asero R,
224 II, 5. 10. 7 | Parliament and Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive
225 II, 5. 11. 1 | conditions. However, less than 10 skin disease groups probably
226 II, 5. 11. 3 | prevalence=4%,1-year prevalence=10%~Yngveson M, et al~ ~Danish
227 II, 5. 11. 3 | Europe, affecting around 10% of all children. The highest
228 II, 5. 11. 3 | eczema of between 1.2% to 10% (Rea et al, 1976; Johnson,
229 II, 5. 11. 3 | is estimated that between 10% and 15% of women and 2-
230 II, 5. 11. 3 | Engineering Failure Analysis, 2003;10:255–263.~DV Belsito, Allergic
231 II, 5. 11. 3 | Dermatological Research, 1998;290(10):523-7~The ESSCA Writing
232 II, 5. 11. 3 | problem affecting around 10% of adults in Europe.~Hand
233 II, 5. 11. 3 | patient to patient, and up to 10-20% of patients with plaque
234 II, 5. 11. 3 | the number of cases every 10-15 years), probably due
235 II, 5. 11. 7 | Eur J Cancer Prev 2001;10:371–373.~ ~Mar A, Marks
236 II, 5. 12. 1 | around 30-40/100,000 men and 10-16/100,000 women) in Europe
237 II, 5. 12. 1 | whereas the lowest ones (below 10/100,000 men and 5/100,000
238 II, 5. 12. 3 | where rates were around 10-13/100,000 men in the early
239 II, 5. 12. 5 | European countries but up to 5-10% in Italy (Alter et al,
240 II, 5. 13 | are dealt with in Chapter 10.2.1.7 in view of the close
241 II, 5. 13 | references, see Chapter 10.2.1.7.~ ~ ~
242 II, 5. 14. 1 | fall out normally – age 10 to 12 – allows adequate
243 II, 5. 14. 3 | DMFT teeth. In contrast, 10.8% of all children have
244 II, 5. 14. 3 | about 65% of DMF teeth, 10% of the children have about
245 II, 5. 14. 3 | pockets (6 mm or more) affects 10% to 15% of adults (Figure
246 II, 5. 14. 3 | clustered in only 5% to 10% of any population.~The
247 II, 5. 14. 3 | clustered in only 5% to 10% of the adult population.
248 II, 5. 14. 3 | pockets (> 5 mm) is low (10.21%); this underlines that
249 II, 5. 14. 3 | periodontal disease could affect 10% of all European adults
250 II, 5. 15. 1 | around 1 in 5 000 or 1 in 10 000~( ht ).~From a public
251 II, 5. 15. 3 | prevalence ranging from 5 to 1 in 10 000 and 233 RD have a prevalence
252 II, 5. 15. 3 | prevalence ranging between 1 in 10 000 and 1 in 100 000. Another
253 II, 5. 15. 3 | RD are disabling and for 10% of studied diseases, the
254 II, 5. 15. 3 | reach the market in the next 10 years.~ ~A survey, conducted
255 II, 5. 15. 4 | describes the incentives (e.g. 10-year market exclusivity,
256 II, 5. 15. 6 | Intern Med. 2006; 260(1):1-10.~ ~ ~
257 II, 6. 3. 1 | sectors) with costs around €10 billion per episode in some
258 II, 6. 3. 2 | infections (17%), bacteraemia (10%), and others (including
259 II, 6. 3. 3 | systemic symptoms. In the last 10 years, the Baltic States (
260 II, 6. 3. 3 | industrialised countries.~In the last 10 years, the incidence decreased
261 II, 6. 3. 3 | incidence remained below 10 cases per 100 000 per year,
262 II, 6. 3. 3 | in Europe during the last 10 years, with an overall decreasing
263 II, 6. 3. 4 | clinical influenza activity in 10 out of 23 countries was
264 II, 6. 3. 4 | laboratory contamination. Only 10% of people infected develop
265 II, 6. 3. 5 | infections over the last 10 years were stable in most
266 II, 6. 3. 5 | in Europe over the last 10 years (most markedly in
267 II, 6. 3. 5 | this disease.~In the last 10 years, an overall higher
268 II, 6. 3. 5 | Norway reporting a rate of 19.10 per 100 000. By contrast,
269 II, 6. 3. 5 | incidence rate in the EU was 4.10 per 100 000 per year. Thus
270 II, 6. 3. 5 | fatality rate ranges from 10% to over 80% with the highest
271 II, 6. 3. 5 | been seen over the last 10 years, with a slight increase
272 II, 6. 3. 5 | dramatically over the last 10 years from almost 35 per
273 II, 6. 3. 5 | before 1997 to less than 10 per 100 000 per year after
274 II, 6. 3. 5 | most countries over the 10-year period. A recrudescence
275 II, 6. 3. 5 | fluctuated between one and 10 per 100 000 per year since
276 II, 6. 3. 5 | peaks in incidence over this 10-year period, notably Poland
277 II, 6. 3. 5 | trend of rubella in the last 10 years is declining, with
278 II, 6. 3. 6 | declining over the last 10 years with a slight peak
279 II, 6. 3. 6 | per 100 000), representing 10% of all cases. Lithuania (
280 II, 6. 3. 6 | preventive measures.~In the last 10 years, the incidence has
281 II, 6. 3. 6 | long periods.~ ~In the last 10 years, the incidence rate
282 II, 6. 3. 6 | the most cases over the 10-year period. In 2005, a
283 II, 6. 3. 6 | lower levels. In the last 10 years, 237 cases were reported (
284 II, 6. 3. 6 | stable trend over the last 10 years. In 2005, some 15
285 II, 6. 3. 6 | be avoided.~In the last 10 years, the incidence of
286 II, 6. 3. 7 | intentional release.~ ~In the last 10 years the reported number
287 II, 6. 3. 7 | most cases over the last 10 years and trends for both
288 II, 6. 3. 7 | fever in Europe. In the past 10 years, there has been an
289 II, 6. 3. 7 | incomplete, but in the last 10 years the overall trend
290 II, 6. 3. 7 | since 1941.~ ~Over the last 10 years, the overall incidence
291 II, 6. 3. 7 | countries reported for the whole 10-year period). The most cases
292 II, 6. 3. 7 | countries reported just 10 cases.~ ~West Nile fever~ ~
293 II, 6. 3. 7 | outdoors.~ ~In the past 10 years, indigenous WNV outbreaks
294 II, 6. 3. 7 | populations. In the last 10 years no more than seven
295 II, 6. 3. 7 | reported in Europe in the past 10 years.~ ~Yellow fever~ ~
296 II, 6. 3. 7 | endemic regions. In the last 10 years, one case was reported
297 II, 7. 3. 4 | registration practices (Figure 7.10).~ ~Figure 7.10. Fatalities
298 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.10).~ ~Figure 7.10. Fatalities and injured
299 II, 7. 4. 2 | the EU27.~On average, 1 in 10 elderly will receive medical
300 II, 7. 4. 4 | Eurobarometer survey, about 6 out 10 European citizens participate
301 II, 7. 7 | europa.eu/idb/, accessed 10 March 2008].~ ~European
302 II, 8. 1. 3 | work are experienced by 10% of men and women aged 16-
303 II, 8. 1. 3 | more than 50% to less than 10% of persons with considerable
304 II, 8. 1. 3 | assistance with mobility (10%). People with considerable
305 II, 8. 1. 3 | just under 11% of women and 10% of men, who were not limited
306 II, 8. 2. 1 | sample sizes in excess of N=10 million. Preliminary findings
307 II, 8. 2. 1 | disability is defined by ICD 10 (World Health Organisation’
308 II, 8. 2. 1 | Classification of Diseases, Version 10, 1992) as a condition of
309 II, 8. 2. 1 | examined data for a sample of n=10,438 British children, finding
310 II, 8. 2. 1 | Public Health 13: 47-50; doi:10.1093/eurpub/13.suppl_1.47~
311 II, 8. 2. 2 | field loss to less than 10 degrees in the better eye
312 II, 9 | pregnancy varies from under 10% to almost 25%.~ ~Figure
313 II, 9 | data) (see also Section 10.2).~ ~Cannabis use. Cannabis
314 II, 9 | data) (see also Section 10.2).~ ~Sexual health and
315 II, 9 | young men (as compared to 10% in women). It has been
316 II, 9 | burden, over 20% of CHD, and 10% of stroke in developed
317 II, 9. 1. 1 | acquired during 1990-1998 in 10 European countries, is 2.
318 II, 9. 1. 1 | to perinatal mortality. A 10 years prospective regional
319 II, 9. 1. 1 | fertilization. N Engl J Med 2002;346(10):725-30.~ ~Holt J, Vold
320 II, 9. 1. 1 | mortality. J Reprod Med 2004;49(10):812-6.~Maher J, Macfarlane
321 II, 9. 1. 2 | report a prevalence of 8-10 per 1 000. The reported
322 II, 9. 1. 2 | pregnancy varies from under 10% to almost 25%.~ ~Figure
323 II, 9. 1. 2 | prevalence less than 5 per 10 000 in the EU), depending
324 II, 9. 1. 2 | Community Genetics 2007; 10:93-6.~De Wals P et al, (
325 II, 9. 2. 3 | Asthma UK gives a figure of 10% for childhood asthma, whilst
326 II, 9. 2. 3 | figures represent about 10% of all deaths and 15% of
327 II, 9. 2. 3 | prevalence rose from around 10% in the early 1980s to around
328 II, 9. 2. 4 | data) (see also Section 10.2).~ ~Cannabis use. Cannabis
329 II, 9. 2. 4 | data) (see also Section 10.2).~ ~Sexual health and
330 II, 9. 2. 5 | determinants in Chapter 10.~ ~Healthcare and services~ ~
331 II, 9. 3. 1 | Up to 80% of women and 10% of men affected by gonorrhea
332 II, 9. 3. 1 | fractures approximately 10 years later in life than
333 II, 9. 3. 1 | repeated level <300 ng/dl (or 10.4 nmol/L) of total testosterone
334 II, 9. 3. 1 | incidence rate as high as 8. to 10.5%.~ ~
335 II, 9. 3. 1 | young men (as compared to 10% in women). It has been
336 II, 9. 3. 1 | burden, over 20% of CHD, and 10% of stroke in developed
337 II, 9. 3. 1 | determinants in Chapter 10. For issues concerning health
338 II, 9. 3. 1 | Transm. Inf. 80;255-263; doi:10.1136/sti.2004.009415~ ~Forsgren
339 II, 9. 3. 1 | Population And Social Conditions 10/2006~ ~Plümper T, Neumayer
340 II, 9. 3. 2 | estimates ranging from 1.0 to 10.1 per 1 000 deliveries,
341 II, 9. 3. 2 | to perinatal mortality. A 10 years prospective regional
342 II, 9. 3. 2 | fertilization. N Engl J Med 2002;346(10):725-30.~ ~Holt J, Vold
343 II, 9. 3. 2 | mortality. J Reprod Med 2004;49(10):812-6.~ ~Maher J, Macfarlane
344 II, 9. 3. 2 | Reprod Biol 2006;126(1):3-10.~ ~US Center for Disease
345 II, 9. 3. 3 | and the lowest in Italy (10%) (Hubert et al, 1998).
346 II, 9. 3. 3 | and 6% of women have had 10 or more partners. International
347 II, 9. 3. 3 | but 32% of MSM have had 10 or more partners in their
348 II, 9. 3. 3 | are not married and who is 10 or more years older);~·
349 II, 9. 4. 2 | is dated (often more than 10 years old). The British
350 II, 9. 4. 2 | Women Aged 50 or more in 10 European Countries~ ~There
351 II, 9. 4. 3 | care settings. Less than 10% of falls result in fractures,
352 II, 9. 4. 3 | Europe. Depression affects 10-15% of people over 65. Older
353 II, 9. 4. 3 | diabetes affects between 10-20% of people, whilst in
354 II, 9. 4. 3 | Diabetes affects less than 10% of under sixties and between
355 II, 9. 4. 3 | under sixties and between 10 and 20% of the 60-79 age
356 II, 9. 4. 3 | Urinary incontinence affects 10% of older Europeans. It
357 II, 9. 4. 5 | determinants in Chapter 10.~ ~As far as control tools
358 II, 9. 4. 5 | longer time. At present, some 10 per cent of older people
359 II, 9. 4. 7 | the EU.~htt y/ Accessed 10.07.07~ ~Cattaneo, A. G. (
360 II, 9. 4. 7 | Population and Social Conditions. 10/2006~ ~Gray A, Fenn P, (
361 II, 9. 4. 7 | Available at: htt 48 Accessed 10.07.07~ ~Kwan, J (2001),
362 II, 9. 5. 3 | violence by present partner~· 10.6% w ed most seri nt to police~
363 II, 9. 5. 3 | Europe, perhaps as high as 10.7% in Eastern Europe. Men
364 II, 9. 5. 3 | behaviour. About nine out of 10 tobacco users start before
365 II, 9. 5. 3 | burden, over 20% of CHD, and 10% of stroke in developed
366 II, 9. 5. 3 | episodes of walking for 10 minutes or more, while 49%
367 II, 9. 5. 3 | being unmet. On average, 10% of EU women report having
368 II, 9. 5. 3 | year, with a total of about 10 days of stay. Older women
369 II, 9. 5. 4 | and policies~ ~Table 9.5.10. European Parliament Reports
370 II, 9. 5. 4 | Reference A6-0029/2005 : 10/08/2006~· The social situation
371 II, 9. 5. 4 | Reference A6-0035/2005 : 10/08/2006~· Science and technology,
372 II, 9. 5. 4 | Reference A6-0046/2005 :10/08/2006~· Social Policy
373 II, 9. 5. 6 | against women in Europe. 16.10.2004. Available at:~htt 4 (
374 II, 9. 5. 6 | Medicine, 2005 (Vol. 61) (No. 10) 2221-2232~Heinrich G A (
375 II, 9. 5. 6 | physical activity for 7-10 boys and girls. Available
376 III, 10 | 10.~HEALTH DETERMINANTS~ ~ ~
377 III, 10. 1 | 10.1. Introduction~ ~The impact
378 III, 10. 1 | The model in Figure 10.1.1 illustrates the different
379 III, 10. 1 | Whitehead, 1991).~ ~Figure 10.1.1. The model of health
380 III, 10. 1 | also conveyed by Figure 10.1.2 and, together with Table
381 III, 10. 1 | and, together with Table 10.1.1, by Figure 10.1.3.~ ~ ~ ~
382 III, 10. 1 | Table 10.1.1, by Figure 10.1.3.~ ~ ~ ~Figure 10.1.3.
383 III, 10. 1 | Figure 10.1.3.~ ~ ~ ~Figure 10.1.3. The interaction between
384 III, 10. 1 | and human beings~ ~ ~Table 10.1.1. Health determinants:
385 III, 10. 1 | in the society.~ ~Figure 10.1.2 shows another model
386 III, 10. 1 | effect modifiers (Figure 10.1.2) (Rosner, 2000; Szklo,
387 III, 10. 1 | case of cancer/EMF.~ ~Table 10.1.2. Major health impacts
388 III, 10. 1. 1 | 10.1.1. Interactions among
389 III, 10. 1. 1 | behaviours and influences. Figure 10.1.3 is also applicable to
390 III, 10. 1. 1 | rate increases.~ ~Figure 10.1.4 illustrates the described
391 III, 10. 1. 1 | disease determinants.~ ~Figure 10.1.4. Integration of nutrition
392 III, 10. 1. 1 | and Potvin, 2004) (Figure 10.1.2). Alcohol consumption
393 III, 10. 1. 1 | Pohorecky, 1991).~ ~Figure 10.1.5. illustrates examples
394 III, 10. 1. 1 | described associations.~ ~Figure 10.1.5. Examples of psychosocial
395 III, 10. 1. 2 | 10.1.2. Future developments~ ~
396 III, 10. 1. 3 | 10.1.3. References~Ambler C,
397 III, 10. 1. 3 | and health. EEA Report No 10/2005~Ezzati M, Lopez AD,
398 III, 10. 1. 3 | dependence. J Addict Dis 10(3):49-61.~Parsons TJ, Power
399 III, 10. 2 | 10.2. Individual characteristics~ ~
400 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1. Lifestyles~ ~
401 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1. Tobacco use~ ~
402 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.1. Introduction~ ~ ~
403 III, 10. 2. 1 | cessation.~ ~As shown in Figure 10.2.1.1.1, tobacco use is
404 III, 10. 2. 1 | been identified in Tables 10.2.1.1.1 and 10.2.1.2.~ ~
405 III, 10. 2. 1 | in Tables 10.2.1.1.1 and 10.2.1.2.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.1.
406 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1 and 10.2.1.2.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.1.1. Tobacco as a risk
407 III, 10. 2. 1 | causes of death.~ ~Table 10.2.1.1.1. Diseases caused
408 III, 10. 2. 1 | asterisk, suggestive~ ~ ~Table 10.2.1.1.2. Diseases and adverse
409 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.2. Data sources~ ~
410 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.3. Data description
411 III, 10. 2. 1 | similar rates.~ ~Figures 10.2.1.1.2. 10.2.1.1.3. illustrate
412 III, 10. 2. 1 | rates.~ ~Figures 10.2.1.1.2. 10.2.1.1.3. illustrate the
413 III, 10. 2. 1 | all EU countries (Figure 10.2.1.1.4.).~Figure 10.2.1.
414 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.1.4.).~Figure 10.2.1.1.4. Percentage of all
415 III, 10. 2. 1 | smoking is presented in Table 10.2.1.1.3., for the main categories
416 III, 10. 2. 1 | for the year 2000.~ ~Table 10.2.1.1.3. Deaths from selected
417 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1980s, as shown in Figure 10.2.1.1.5. It is important
418 III, 10. 2. 1 | European women.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.1.5. Trends in smoking
419 III, 10. 2. 1 | three decades later (Figure 10.2.1.1.6).~ ~Figure 10.2.
420 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.1.6).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.1.6. Features of the
421 III, 10. 2. 1 | these patterns usually lag 10-20 years behind those of
422 III, 10. 2. 1 | smoking at work decreased by 10.9% (Ja ~ ~Objective biomarkers
423 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.4. Tobacco harm reduction~ ~
424 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.5. Progress in tobacco
425 III, 10. 2. 1 | the World Bank.~ ~Table 10.2.1.1.4. Selected EUGLOREH
426 III, 10. 2. 1 | Luxembourg, recorded increases of 10 points or more over the
427 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.6. Future developments~ ~
428 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.1.7. References~ ~Action
429 III, 10. 2. 1 | Lifting the smokescreen - 10 reasons for a smoke free
430 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2. Alcohol~ ~
431 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2.1. Introduction~ ~
432 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2.2. Data sources~ ~
433 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2.3. Data description
434 III, 10. 2. 1 | it was previously (Figure 10.2.1.2.1). Across the 20
435 III, 10. 2. 1 | 1974 and 1978.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.1. Trends in recorded
436 III, 10. 2. 1 | previous 12 months Table 10.2.1.2.1. The proportion
437 III, 10. 2. 1 | least once a week.~ ~Table 10.2.1.2.1. Frequency of having
438 III, 10. 2. 1 | same in 2006 as in 2003 (10%). However, given that 67%
439 III, 10. 2. 1 | an occasion increased by 10% between 2003 and 2006.~ ~
440 III, 10. 2. 1 | Nearly all (over 9 in 10) 15-16 year-old students
441 III, 10. 2. 1 | much of Europe in the last 10 years, more so in the early
442 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2,000 homicides (4 in 10 of all murders)~- 17,000
443 III, 10. 2. 1 | traffic fatalities), including 10,000 deaths of people other
444 III, 10. 2. 1 | 000 accidental deaths~- 10,000 suicides (1 in 6 of
445 III, 10. 2. 1 | affected by alcohol.~ ~Table 10.2.1.2.2. Change in death
446 III, 10. 2. 1 | As can be seen in Table 10.2.1.2.2, there are significant
447 III, 10. 2. 1 | liver cirrhosis (Figure 10.2.1.2.2).~ ~Figure 10.2.
448 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.2.2).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.2. Alcohol consumption
449 III, 10. 2. 1 | conditions and accidents, Figure 10.2.1.2.3.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.
450 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.2.3.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.3. Alcohol-attributable
451 III, 10. 2. 1 | the EU each year, Figure 10.2.1.2.4. This represents
452 III, 10. 2. 1 | later in life.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.4. The share of deaths
453 III, 10. 2. 1 | countries of as much as 10 years. Against this background,
454 III, 10. 2. 1 | alcohol-related problems (Figure 10.2.2.5) accounts for €66bn,
455 III, 10. 2. 1 | further €59bn.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.5. The tangible cost
456 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2.4. Control tools and
457 III, 10. 2. 1 | capita consumption (Figure 10.2.1.2.6). The best predictors
458 III, 10. 2. 1 | alcohol taxes.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.2.6. Alcohol consumption
459 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.2.5. References~ ~Anderson
460 III, 10. 2. 1 | Art. No.: CD004148. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004148.pub3.~ ~
461 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3. Drugs and substance
462 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.1. Introduction~ ~
463 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.2. Data sources~ ~
464 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.3. Data description
465 III, 10. 2. 1 | been presented in Table 10.2.3.1.~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.
466 III, 10. 2. 1 | Table 10.2.3.1.~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.1. Conservative estimates
467 III, 10. 2. 1 | drugs shows that more than 10% of Europeans have recently
468 III, 10. 2. 1 | European countries to below 10% in others, with an average
469 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevalence between 0 and 10%).~ ~Overall prevalence
470 III, 10. 2. 1 | between 1995 and 1999 (Figure 10.2.3.1). An increase in the
471 III, 10. 2. 1 | also occurred.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.1. Lifetime prevalence
472 III, 10. 2. 1 | in the last year (Figure 10.2.3.2) and over 7% (1.5–
473 III, 10. 2. 1 | from 0.3% to 7.6%.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.2. Overview of last
474 III, 10. 2. 1 | prevalence levels. See Figure 10.2.1.3.3 for trends in countries
475 III, 10. 2. 1 | increasing7.~ ~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.3. Trends in last
476 III, 10. 2. 1 | the use of drugs (Table 10.2.1.3.2).~ ~Table 10.2.1.
477 III, 10. 2. 1 | Table 10.2.1.3.2).~ ~Table 10.2.1.3.2 – Problem Drug Use
478 III, 10. 2. 1 | variation in the EU (Figure 10.2.3.4), the reasons of which
479 III, 10. 2. 1 | in their lives.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.4. HIV prevalence
480 III, 10. 2. 1 | based on AIDS cases (Figure 10.2.1.3.5).~ ~Figure 10.2.
481 III, 10. 2. 1 | Figure 10.2.1.3.5).~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.5. AIDS incidence
482 III, 10. 2. 1 | highly prevalent. See Figure 10.2.1.3.6 for national and
483 III, 10. 2. 1 | in their lives.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.6. Estimated HCV antibody
484 III, 10. 2. 1 | times higher for males and 10-50 times higher for females,
485 III, 10. 2. 1 | the six studied places, 10-23% of the overall mortality
486 III, 10. 2. 1 | very high level. Figure 10.2.3.7 shows the trend in
487 III, 10. 2. 1 | deaths in the EU15.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.7. Indexed long term
488 III, 10. 2. 1 | in many countries (Figure 10.2.3.8). From 1999 to 2005
489 III, 10. 2. 1 | treatment in the EU.~ ~Figure 10.2.1.3.8. Trend in the distribution
490 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.4. Control tools and
491 III, 10. 2. 1 | rates varying from under 10% to about 50% of opiate
492 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.5. Future developments~ ~
493 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.3.6. References~ ~Bargagli
494 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.4. Risky sexual behaviour~ ~
495 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5. Inadequate oral hygiene~ ~
496 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.1. Introduction~ ~ ~
497 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
498 III, 10. 2. 1 | 10.2.1.5.3. Data description
499 III, 10. 2. 1 | Gherunpong et al, 2006)~ ~Table 10.2.1.5.1 illustrates the
500 III, 10. 2. 1 | Rimpelä, 2007).~ ~Table 10.2.1.5.1. Children Daily
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