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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
501 II, 6. 3. 7 | period, the overall incidence rates have ranged from 1.45 to
502 II, 6. 3. 7 | have potentially high death rates. Transmission of the viruses
503 II, 7. 1 | observed in standardized death rates for many causes except for
504 II, 7. 3. 2 | unchanged injury morbidity rates. Nevertheless, ICD based
505 II, 7. 3. 2 | Figure 7.1. Injury death rates and injury deaths per country,
506 II, 7. 3. 2 | injuries, Standardised Death Rates (1995-2004, Index = 1995),
507 II, 7. 3. 5 | 7.2 ) In Europe suicide rates vary from about 2 per 100
508 II, 7. 4. 2 | The highest mortality rates due to injury are reported
509 II, 7. 6 | decreasing trend of the rates of injuries, whereby this
510 II, 8. 1. 3 | limitations.~ ~Employment rates~ ~The age-standardized employment
511 II, 8. 1. 3 | age-standardized employment rates of people in the age group
512 II, 8. 2. 1 | status. For example, higher rates of obesity, mental health
513 II, 8. 2. 1 | health disorders, and lower rates of cardiovascular fitness,
514 II, 8. 2. 1 | has a link to poverty and rates are higher in deprived and
515 II, 9 | demographic characteristics affect rates of perinatal mortality and
516 II, 9 | Studies report higher rates of antepartum, intrapartum
517 II, 9 | Mortality and morbidity rates are higher among socially
518 II, 9 | almost 25%.~ ~Figure 9.T1.3. Rates of Smoking Among all Women
519 II, 9 | In a few countries the rates for boys and girls are very
520 II, 9 | girls and 69–91% for boys. Rates are highest in some southern
521 II, 9 | Netherlands have the highest rates of physical activity for
522 II, 9 | Despite similar stroke rates, women are more likely than
523 II, 9 | and age-standardized death rates from ischaemic heart disease
524 II, 9. 1. 1 | international reporting systems on rates of death in the perinatal
525 II, 9. 1. 1 | consideration when comparing these rates between countries and over
526 II, 9. 1. 1 | consider when comparing rates between countries.~ ~ ~Indicator~
527 II, 9. 1. 1 | but that fetal mortality rates be presented for infants
528 II, 9. 1. 1 | comparing neonatal mortality rates at low gestational ages.~
529 II, 9. 1. 1 | 1.2. Births, deaths and rates of foetal, neonatal and
530 II, 9. 1. 1 | infant and maternal mortality rates are among the most commonly
531 II, 9. 1. 1 | population health status. These rates, derived from civil and
532 II, 9. 1. 1 | differences in mortality rates between countries have declined
533 II, 9. 1. 1 | Table 9.1.1.2 provides rates of foetal, neonatal and
534 II, 9. 1. 1 | 1975, neonatal mortality rates ranged from 6.4 to 22.1
535 II, 9. 1. 1 | births. Neonatal mortality rates are about 2 per 1 000 births
536 II, 9. 1. 1 | There are differences in rates of neonatal mortality between
537 II, 9. 1. 1 | Member States, the highest rates of these other causes are
538 II, 9. 1. 1 | Figure 9.1.1.3 presents rates of low birth weight in the
539 II, 9. 1. 1 | babies have the highest rates of long-term health problems,
540 II, 9. 1. 1 | monitoring trends in CP rates and providing a framework
541 II, 9. 1. 1 | 9.1.1.4. Cerebral palsy rates per 1 000 live births in
542 II, 9. 1. 1 | 2007).~ ~Table 9.1.1.6. CP rates among VLBW babies in 9 European
543 II, 9. 1. 1 | countries with the lowest rates, the number of neonatal
544 II, 9. 1. 1 | Cesarean (1992): section rates in Italy by hospital payment
545 II, 9. 1. 1 | 2002): Neonatal survival rates in 860 singleton live births
546 II, 9. 1. 1 | 2001): Perinatal mortality rates can no longer be used for
547 II, 9. 1. 1 | Socioeconomic differences in rates of cesarean section. N Engl
548 II, 9. 1. 1 | factors in cesarean delivery rates: policy and research implications.
549 II, 9. 1. 1 | Breart G (2007): Variation in rates of postterm birth in Europe:
550 II, 9. 1. 2 | termination of pregnancy rates affecting live-birth prevalence.
551 II, 9. 1. 2 | Table 9.1.2.3). The lowest rates are recorded in Italy (0.
552 II, 9. 1. 2 | underascertained. The highest rates of perinatal mortality associated
553 II, 9. 1. 2 | 2.0 per 1 000 (the high rates being in Ireland and Malta).~ ~
554 II, 9. 1. 2 | a strong decline in the rates of neural tube defects occurred
555 II, 9. 1. 2 | the British Isles, where rates have always traditionally
556 II, 9. 1. 2 | in live birth prevalence rates, from 0.1 per 1 000 in France
557 II, 9. 1. 2 | European countries have higher rates, for example Germany, the
558 II, 9. 1. 2 | Netherlands and Denmark had rates between 1.3 and 1.6 per
559 II, 9. 1. 2 | 2004 (EUROCAT, 2007), while rates of 0.6 per 1 000 or below
560 II, 9. 1. 2 | world. Particularly high rates and increases have been
561 II, 9. 1. 2 | which is associated to high rates of teenage pregnancy (Loane
562 II, 9. 1. 2 | 2007). In Italy however, rates are lower and an increase
563 II, 9. 1. 2 | registries report prevalence rates up to 2.5 per 1 000 in the
564 II, 9. 1. 2 | demographic characteristics affect rates of perinatal mortality and
565 II, 9. 1. 2 | Studies report higher rates of antepartum, intrapartum
566 II, 9. 1. 2 | Mortality and morbidity rates are higher among socially
567 II, 9. 1. 2 | almost 25%.~ ~Figure 9.T1.3. Rates of Smoking Among all Women
568 II, 9. 1. 2 | with prenatal diagnosis rates are particularly high for
569 II, 9. 2. 2 | valuable analysis of suicide rates in Europe has 15-24 as its
570 II, 9. 2. 2 | on marriage and divorce rates.~ ~Children are not miniature
571 II, 9. 2. 3 | Age-standardised mortality rates by cancer in children aged
572 II, 9. 2. 3 | Age-standardised mortality rates by cancer in children aged
573 II, 9. 2. 3 | WHO 2005b), the prevalence rates of “ self-reported asthma
574 II, 9. 2. 3 | explain why much lower asthma rates are reported for UK by other
575 II, 9. 2. 3 | GINA), gives prevalence rates of clinical asthma2 in 13-
576 II, 9. 2. 3(2)| the reported prevalence rates for "clinical asthma" represent
577 II, 9. 2. 3 | have very low reporting rates (or may be under-reporting
578 II, 9. 2. 3 | or may be under-reporting rates of infection).~ ~HIV/AIDS:
579 II, 9. 2. 3 | immunisation protection rates, have been compromised.~ ~
580 II, 9. 2. 3 | fat. However, the highest rates of dieting among girls of
581 II, 9. 2. 3 | and can lead to increased rates of non-communicable disease
582 II, 9. 2. 3 | Wales have among the highest rates of overweight in Europe.
583 II, 9. 2. 3 | social phenomenon. Suicide rates among people under 20 years
584 II, 9. 2. 3 | under–reporting, the true rates of suicide are difficult
585 II, 9. 2. 4 | In a few countries the rates for boys and girls are very
586 II, 9. 2. 4 | girls and 69–91% for boys. Rates are highest in some southern
587 II, 9. 2. 4 | Netherlands have the highest rates of physical activity for
588 II, 9. 3. 1 | there are closer death rates between boys and girls.
589 II, 9. 3. 1 | than men, leading to high rates of depression and anxiety,
590 II, 9. 3. 1 | and at 15-19 (25.9). The rates are consistently lower for
591 II, 9. 3. 1 | groups (EUROSTAT). Suicide rates are generally higher among
592 II, 9. 3. 1 | men than among women, but rates of suicide attempts are
593 II, 9. 3. 1 | also have lower survival rates for cancer (Verdecchia et
594 II, 9. 3. 1 | differences observed in reported rates in France and Greece (European
595 II, 9. 3. 1 | of the lowest prevalence rates of diabetes (3.7%) and the
596 II, 9. 3. 1 | no difference in survival rates (UNAIDS et al, 2004).~ ~
597 II, 9. 3. 1 | have very low reporting rates. Gonorrhea and syphilis
598 II, 9. 3. 1 | with age, with incidence rates higher in Scandinavia than
599 II, 9. 3. 1 | increases with age. Incidence rates are higher amongst women
600 II, 9. 3. 1 | expected to double by 2025.Rates of osteoporosis and related
601 II, 9. 3. 1 | with age, with incidence rates increasing within older
602 II, 9. 3. 1 | Despite similar stroke rates, women are more likely than
603 II, 9. 3. 1 | and age-standardized death rates from ischaemic heart disease
604 II, 9. 3. 2 | the higher multiple birth rates caused by more common use
605 II, 9. 3. 2 | some countries have higher rates of obstetrical interventions,
606 II, 9. 3. 2 | turn have an impact on the rates of pre-term and post-term
607 II, 9. 3. 2 | increasing trend towards higher rates of caesarean section for
608 II, 9. 3. 2 | Cesarean (1992): section rates in Italy by hospital payment
609 II, 9. 3. 2 | 2002): Neonatal survival rates in 860 singleton live births
610 II, 9. 3. 2 | 2001): Perinatal mortality rates can no longer be used for
611 II, 9. 3. 2 | Socioeconomic differences in rates of cesarean section. N Engl
612 II, 9. 3. 2 | factors in cesarean delivery rates: policy and research implications.
613 II, 9. 3. 2 | Breart G (2007): Variation in rates of postterm birth in Europe:
614 II, 9. 3. 3 | relatively high and concordant rates of condom use; however,
615 II, 9. 4. 1 | combined with lower birth rates, gender, the impact of ageing
616 II, 9. 4. 3 | suicide in elderly Europeans. Rates of suicide and self harm
617 II, 9. 4. 3 | Commission, 2003). The highest rates of suicide are found among
618 II, 9. 4. 3 | over. The highest death rates occur in Estonia (2,305
619 II, 9. 4. 3 | women), while the lowest rates are observed in France (
620 II, 9. 4. 3 | 2006). Age specific death rates demonstrate that the risk
621 II, 9. 4. 3 | difference in age specific death rates between Denmark and Portugal.
622 II, 9. 4. 3 | median age specific death rates for men are compared with
623 II, 9. 4. 3 | and Scotland, show higher rates in the least deprived populations,
624 II, 9. 4. 3 | Transmitted Infections. The rates of gonorrhoea and syphilis
625 II, 9. 4. 3 | aged 45 to 64 in the UK, rates of chlamydia rose by 177%,
626 II, 9. 4. 3 | affect older people, although rates increase with age, doubling
627 II, 9. 4. 3 | 65. After the age of 85, rates of Alzheimer’s Disease (
628 II, 9. 4. 3 | studies also noted that the rates of AD were higher among
629 II, 9. 5. 1 | smoking, women’s smoking rates continue to rise in some
630 II, 9. 5. 1 | important for men. Higher rates of accidents (traffic accidents,
631 II, 9. 5. 1 | children have lower employment rates than those without. Women
632 II, 9. 5. 3 | children have lower employment rates than those without (European
633 II, 9. 5. 3 | studies~ ~Table 9.5.3. Suicide Rates~ ~Gender differences are
634 II, 9. 5. 3 | relatively high poverty rates; Finland and Sweden now
635 II, 9. 5. 3 | poverty levels. Poverty rates rise with both age and changes
636 II, 9. 5. 3 | depressed.~ ~In 2002, the rates of regular daily smokers
637 II, 9. 5. 3 | WHO, 2002a). Overall, rates appear to have been on a
638 II, 9. 5. 3 | earlier than girls, smoking rates for girls are overtaking
639 II, 9. 5. 3 | 21.7%) had the highest rates. Education and retirement
640 II, 9. 5. 3 | explain the higher inactivity rates observed at either end of
641 III, 10. 1. 1 | satisfaction is higher and rates of depression are lower
642 III, 10. 2. 1 | highest smoking prevalence rates in the world.~ ~The patterns
643 III, 10. 2. 1 | the two sexes show similar rates.~ ~Figures 10.2.1.1.2. 10.
644 III, 10. 2. 1 | general mortality, with death rates twice as high for men as
645 III, 10. 2. 1 | reverse. The female smoking rates in some countries reached
646 III, 10. 2. 1 | at lower levels than male rates, while in some countries
647 III, 10. 2. 1 | the difference in smoking rates between boys and girls is
648 III, 10. 2. 1 | becomes increasingly common. Rates among men peak at 50%-80%
649 III, 10. 2. 1 | In stage 3, prevalence rates among men decrease to about
650 III, 10. 2. 1 | of this stage also their rates start to decline;~· In stage
651 III, 10. 2. 1 | In stage 4, prevalence rates keep declining slowly for
652 III, 10. 2. 1 | products;~· the structure and rates of excise duty applied on
653 III, 10. 2. 1 | measures that reduce smoking rates. The report also reveals
654 III, 10. 2. 1 | population – female smoking rates are still relatively high
655 III, 10. 2. 1 | advertising and its smoking rates exceed those of their peers
656 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2.1.2.2. Change in death rates, by cause, from a 1 litre
657 III, 10. 2. 1 | alcohol consumption and death rates from a number of conditions,
658 III, 10. 2. 1 | consumption and cirrhosis rates in southern Europe~ ~Alcohol
659 III, 10. 2. 1 | liver cirrhosis, mortality rates from traffic accidents and
660 III, 10. 2. 1 | traffic accidents and reduced rates of crime, including assault,
661 III, 10. 2. 1 | the average alcohol tax rates, which relate very closely
662 III, 10. 2. 1 | associated with increased rates of domestic violence and
663 III, 10. 2. 1 | into account as employment rates and housing conditions are
664 III, 10. 2. 1 | Overall prevalence rates for other illicit drug use
665 III, 10. 2. 1 | significant differences, with rates varying from under 10% to
666 III, 10. 2. 1 | elevated adult mortality rates and cardiovascular disease,
667 III, 10. 2. 1 | collection methods, response rates, age ranges, years of collection
668 III, 10. 2. 1 | Development, 2005) had the lowest rates. Among women, the highest
669 III, 10. 2. 1 | at particularly alarming rates among children and adolescents (
670 III, 10. 2. 1 | concerns about the increasing rates of overweight and obesity
671 III, 10. 2. 1 | mean values and prevalence rates from telephone and examination
672 III, 10. 3. 1 | further increasing apparent rates.~ ~Ozone depletion in the
673 III, 10. 3. 1 | European countries incidence rates have stabilized over more
674 III, 10. 3. 1 | comparisons of annoyance rates are hampered by differences
675 III, 10. 3. 3 | highest crude incidence rates in the EU (Chlamydia infection
676 III, 10. 3. 3 | had the lowest incidence rates and also show decreasing
677 III, 10. 3. 3 | with high case fatality rates, especially among elderly
678 III, 10. 3. 4 | problems including increased rates of anxiety and depression
679 III, 10. 3. 4 | measures. Thus, mortality rates are very low, and mainly
680 III, 10. 4. 1 | that have led to reduced rates of air exchange in homes,
681 III, 10. 4. 2 | pyrethroids, with lower rates of application, increased
682 III, 10. 4. 3 | The under-five mortality rates from diarrhoeal diseases
683 III, 10. 4. 3 | than in the EU 15, where rates over the same period dropped
684 III, 10. 4. 5 | Strategy.~ ~Waste generation rates vary strongly between sectors
685 III, 10. 5. 1 | system improved detection rates. While during the voluntary
686 III, 10. 5. 1 | showing higher survival rates and better mental health (
687 III, 10. 5. 1 | WHO, 2006).~With rising rates of obesity and decreasing
688 III, 10. 5. 1 | air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland: an intervention
689 III, 10. 5. 2 | therefore, the dependency rates (the ratio of the elderly
690 III, 10. 5. 2 | have increased mortality rates in rural areas and decreased
691 III, 10. 5. 2 | and decreased mortality rates in urban areas. For females,
692 III, 10. 5. 2 | between age-adjusted mortality rates with urban and rural settlements,
693 III, 10. 5. 2 | health status. Mortality rates were about 22% higher in
694 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural areas. Differences in death rates between rural and city areas
695 III, 10. 5. 2 | indicated that mortality rates are considerably higher
696 III, 10. 5. 2 | Figure 10.5.2.8. Mortality rates in urban and rural settings
697 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural settings, and suicide rates have increased (Wood, 2004).~ ~
698 III, 10. 5. 2 | rural disease prevalence rates could also be related to
699 III, 10. 5. 3 | numbers as well as incidence rates are provided for fatal and
700 III, 10. 5. 3 | manufacturing follows with incidence rates still two times above the
701 III, 10. 5. 3 | times above the average rates of app. 60 per 100,000.~ ~
702 III, 10. 5. 3 | construction with incident rates two-fold above average.
703 III, 10. 5. 3 | in reverse. The highest rates for shift work were found
704 III, 10. 6. 1 | networks have increased rates of premature death and poorer
705 III, 10. 6. 1 | Ireland (about 300). Response rates varied from 23% (Great Britain)
706 III, 10. 6. 1 | highly varying response rates between countries. People
707 III, 10. 6. 1 | and Italy reported high rates of poor social support:
708 III, 10. 6. 1 | naturally related to the crime rates and the risk for victimization (
709 III, 10. 6. 2 | countries with available data, rates of premature mortality are
710 III, 10. 6. 2 | the relative gap in death rates is generally the result
711 III, 10. 6. 2 | the relative gap in death rates is generally the result
712 III, 10. 6. 2 | political transition, mortality rates have changed dramatically
713 III, 10. 6. 2 | available data, mortality rates have generally improved
714 III, 10. 6. 2 | similar widening gap in death rates. The fact this is not seen
715 III, 10. 6. 2 | Morbidity~ ~As for mortality, rates of morbidity are usually
716 III, 10. 6. 2 | turn lead to higher poverty rates.~ ~Accessibility of health
717 III, 10. 6. 2 | incidence and prevalence rates, treatment and cure rates,
718 III, 10. 6. 2 | rates, treatment and cure rates, and access to health services.~ ~
719 III, 10. 6. 2 | reducing school non-attendance rates due to illness. Pupils who
720 III, 10. 6. 3 | thereby deflating the national rates. The measures, then, need
721 III, 10. 6. 3 | previous ICVS sweeps, the rates have been calculated only
722 III, 10. 6. 3 | Margins of error around the rates for sexual offences are
723 III, 10. 6. 3 | reported higher than average rates (4% and above). The lowest
724 III, 10. 6. 3 | 10.6.3.1. shows national rates.~ ~Figure 10.6.3.1. Prevalence
725 III, 10. 6. 3 | Figure 10.6.3.1. Prevalence rates for robbery, sexual offences
726 III, 10. 6. 3 | naturally related to crime rates and the risk for victimization.
727 IV, 11. 1. 3 | decreasing infant mortality rates – but it is to be acknowledged
728 IV, 11. 1. 3 | declining infant mortality rates and improved numbers of
729 IV, 11. 1. 5 | countries, it appears that high rates of mammography (greater
730 IV, 11. 1. 5 | cervical cancer screening, rates are lower than for mammography,
731 IV, 11. 1. 5 | and Sweden, and with lower rates (less than 50%) in the Czech Republic,
732 IV, 11. 1. 5 | These may be vaccination rates or specific disease treatments (
733 IV, 11. 1. 6 | e.g. costs and utilization rates (Figueras et al, 2004).
734 IV, 11. 1. 6 | been used include survival rates, waiting times, patient
735 IV, 11. 1. 6 | and longer-term survival rates for myocardial infarction.
736 IV, 11. 1. 6 | al, 2006). Reimbursement rates are calculated on the basis
737 IV, 11. 1. 6 | Calculating reimbursement rates also requires decisions
738 IV, 11. 2. 1 | gender-specific mortality rates, overall levels of premature
739 IV, 11. 2. 1 | coordination. While lower mortality rates are associated to a greater
740 IV, 11. 2. 1 | countries reveals very high rates of day surgery for some
741 IV, 11. 2. 1 | Canada) with much lower rates in Portugal, France, Scotland
742 IV, 11. 2. 1 | apparently have relatively high rates of hospital utilization,
743 IV, 11. 2. 1 | reduce hospital admission rates (Mattke et al 2007). As
744 IV, 11. 3. 2 | in 2006. However, growth rates of all other regions, except
745 IV, 11. 5. 1 | nations with yearly donor rates over 20 per million population (
746 IV, 11. 5. 1 | of countries with yearly rates between 10 and 19 pmp;~·
747 IV, 11. 5. 1 | few, whose deceased donor rates fall below 10 pmp.~ ~Two
748 IV, 11. 5. 4 | a transplant. Mortality rates while waiting for a heart,
749 IV, 11. 5. 4 | faster than organ donor rates.~There are different reasons
750 IV, 11. 5. 4 | their donor pool. Donor rates vary widely in different
751 IV, 11. 5. 4 | final national donation rates do not always correlate
752 IV, 11. 5. 5 | differences in donation rates. Accessibility means to
753 IV, 11. 5. 5 | growth of organ donation rates and disseminate reliable
754 IV, 11. 5. 5 | therapy by increasing donation rates.~- To train Health Care
755 IV, 11. 5. 5 | improving organ Donation Rates.~ ~EUROCET (E-Ten):~To create
756 IV, 11. 6. 2 | are progressive if tax rates are higher for those with
757 IV, 11. 6. 2 | situations where income tax rates vary geographically, some
758 IV, 11. 6. 2 | inequities can arise if tax rates vary across regions, or
759 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Greece set contribution rates centrally, though from 2009
760 IV, 11. 6. 2 | user fees or face reduced rates for certain services or
761 IV, 11. 6. 2 | services. These special rates typically relate to one
762 IV, 11. 6. 3 | depends on the number and rates of marginal tax bands, where
763 IV, 11. 6. 3 | bands and low marginal tax rates will create a regressive
764 IV, 11. 6. 3 | ceilings for contribution rates; payments are progressive
765 IV, 11. 6. 5 | determine reimbursement rates for diagnosis related groups (
766 IV, 12. 2 | By 1992, CVD mortality rates for men aged 35-64 years
767 IV, 12. 2 | products;~· the structure and rates of excise duty applied on
768 IV, 12. 2 | measures that reduce smoking rates. The report also reveals
769 IV, 12. 2 | liver cirrhosis, fatality rates from traffic crashes, and
770 IV, 12. 2 | traffic crashes, and reduced rates of crime, including assault,
771 IV, 12. 2 | the average alcohol tax rates, which relate very closely
772 IV, 12. 2 | associated with increased rates of domestic violence and
773 IV, 12. 10 | population attributable smoking rates by several national surveys:
774 IV, 13. 1 | 13.1. Standardised Death Rates for selected non-communicable
775 IV, 13. 2. 1 | information on mortality rates and incidences/prevalences/
776 IV, 13. 5 | is true that disability rates are higher among the elderly,
777 IV, 13. 5 | a decline in disability rates especially in the 65-80
778 IV, 13. 6. 2 | and immunisation, uptake rates are, however, a good outcome
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