| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 1 | retail trade sector. Around 9% of all workers in the EU25
2 I, 2. 5 | will increase by almost 9% from 2005 to 2010, but
3 I, 2. 5 | average retirement age is 59.9 years and in 2002 only 30%
4 I, 2. 9 | 2.9 Climate Changes~ ~Climate
5 I, 2. 10. 4| Event Study indicated that 9.3% of hospital stays incurred
6 I, 2. 10. 4| reduced by 67% from 2.7% to 0.9% of prescriptions12.~ ~Drug
7 I, 3. 2 | over 7 million immigrants (9% of all the population),
8 I, 3. 3 | highest dependency value (28.9), followed by Germany (26.
9 I, 3. 3 | rise on average from 25.9 in 2005 to 53.2 in 2050.
10 II, 4. 1 | live longer than men, 4.9 years on average, but more
11 II, 4. 1 | reaches 8.8 years for men and 9.9 years for women, representing
12 II, 4. 1 | 8.8 years for men and 9.9 years for women, representing
13 II, 4. 1 | range respectively from 9.1 years to 23.6 years (14.
14 II, 4. 2 | increase in the 1980s (1.9 years) was lower than in
15 II, 4. 2 | life expectancy of men in 9 out of the 13 countries.
16 II, 4. 2 | respiratory diseases (cause 9 in table 3) declined in
17 II, 4. 2 | occurred for women even in 9 out of the 13 countries.
18 II, 4. 2 | of the 13 countries. In 9 of these countries the negative
19 II, 4. 3 | countries. Montpellier, EHEMU: 9-48.~ ~Robine, J.-M. and
20 II, 5. 1. 1| birth to a large baby (over 9 lbs/4 kg); or~· has experienced
21 II, 5. 2. 1| circulatory system (ICD 9: 390-459) consist of ischemic
22 II, 5. 2. 1| myocardial infarction (ICD 9: 410-414), and other diseases (
23 II, 5. 2. 1| and other diseases (ICD 9: 390-409 and 415-459), including
24 II, 5. 2. 1| including cerebral stroke (ICD 9: 430-438).~The most frequent
25 II, 5. 2. 4| elderly women.~Table 5.2.9 reports smoking habit collected
26 II, 5. 2. 4| age ranges.~ ~Table 5.2.9. Estimated prevalence of
27 II, 5. 2. 7| Comparisons of 15 populations in 9 countries within the WHO
28 II, 5. 3. 5| et al, 2007). Figures 5.3.9 show that maximum incidence
29 II, 5. 3. 6| diagnosed in 1983–1985 to 9.2% in 1992–1994 and from
30 II, 5. 3. 6| 1992–1994 and from 8.1% to 9.8% in women (Sant et al,
31 II, 5. 3. 9| study. Lancet Oncology 8 (9):773-783.~ ~Boyle P, Autier
32 II, 5. 3. 9| data. Lancet Oncology 8 (9): 784-796.~ ~WCRF (2007):
33 II, 5. 4. 1| Mediterranean and Middle East, where 9.2 % of the adult population
34 II, 5. 4. 1| with a current figure of 40.9 million, followed by China
35 II, 5. 4. 1| expected 21 % increase to 9.1% (about 58.6 million people)
36 II, 5. 4. 2| 5.4.2.9. Conclusion~ ~Different
37 II, 5. 4. 2| National Registry~Acronyms:~ICD 9: Diabetes mellitus 250;
38 II, 5. 4. 2| by WHO/ADA criteria (1998-9), is extremely variable.~
39 II, 5. 4. 2| serum creatinine 400 mol/l~9~Annual incidence of amputations
40 II, 5. 4. 2| 100,000 general population~9~Annual incidence of stroke
41 II, 5. 4. 2| different cut-off value (9.5%) that makes data less
42 II, 5. 4. 3| years, 3.1% (1.5-4.8%) for 5-9 years, and 2.4% (1.0-3.8%)
43 II, 5. 4. 3| found a variation across 9 countries from 4 (Cyprus)
44 II, 5. 4. 3| 2006 reports an average of 9% for the European Region
45 II, 5. 4. 3| measured this value over 9 countries, showing a percentage
46 II, 5. 4. 3| concentrations in the urine between 9%(Finland) and 41% (England),
47 II, 5. 4. 3| measured by EUCID across 9 countries, varies from 78 (
48 II, 5. 4. 8| retrieveFile?instanceid=9&itemid=2140&style=home]~(
49 II, 5. 4. 8| projections. Diabetes Care, 21(9):1414-31~Massi Benedetti
50 II, 5. 5.Int| with active epilepsy is 0.9 million (prevalence 4.5-
51 II, 5. 5.Int| prevalence 4.5-5.0 per 1000), 1.9 million aged 20-64 (prevalence
52 II, 5. 5. 1| in Europe, prevalence is 9% for adult men and 17% for
53 II, 5. 5. 1| especially among women (1:9 for males, 1:42 for females) (
54 II, 5. 5. 1| Psychiatry 68(suppl 2): 3-9.~ ~Berk M, Dodd S, Henry
55 II, 5. 5. 1| suicide. Psychol Med 36(2):181-9.~ ~Blakely TA, Collings
56 II, 5. 5. 1| Bri J Psychiatry 181:193-9.~ ~T G (2008). Stigma and
57 II, 5. 5. 1| Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 17(1):14-9.~ ~S H et al. (2006). The
58 II, 5. 5. 1| Mental Health Policy Econ 9(2):87-98.~ ~S F et al. (
59 II, 5. 5. 2| rates for men and women in 9 different age groups (30-
60 II, 5. 5. 3| Palmer et al quote “that 4.9% of schizophrenics will
61 II, 5. 5. 3| symptomatic 1.1) and 1.9 per 100,000 for undetermined
62 II, 5. 5. 3| examination ~329/348 ~3.9/3.2~Eriksson and Koivikko,
63 II, 5. 5. 3| 235~ ~81/47~6.2/5.1~ ~3.9/5.2~ ~3.3/3.1~Granieri et
64 II, 5. 5. 3| found to range from 1.6 to 9.3 in community-based studies
65 II, 5. 5. 3| community-based studies and 1.9-8.7 in institutionalised
66 II, 5. 5. 3| Incident cohort~149~16.1~9.3~Loiseau et al., 1999~Iceland~
67 II, 5. 5. 3| patients not in remission had a 9.3 RR of death (95% CI 3.
68 II, 5. 5. 3| the SMR (all causes) was 4.9 (95% CI 2.7-8.3) vs. 7.9 (
69 II, 5. 5. 3| 9 (95% CI 2.7-8.3) vs. 7.9 (95% CI 2.6-18.4) in non-surgical
70 II, 5. 5. 3| 5-year remission rate at 9 years of age (Cockerell
71 II, 5. 5. 3| cohort study of more than 9,000 patients once hospitalized
72 II, 5. 5. 3| 6.5) and severe (7.0 to 9.5).~Based on the clinical
73 II, 5. 5. 3| mean annual incidence of 0.9 for Romania. Prevalence
74 II, 5. 5. 3| Netherlands) for severe MS (EDSS 7-9.5)~ ~Table 5.5.3.5.6. Proportion
75 II, 5. 5. 3| needed to walk 20 m; 7.0 to 9.5 refers to patients restricted
76 II, 5. 5. 3| Williams. Health Economics 9:69-82.~Myhr KM, Grytten
77 II, 5. 5. 3| epidemiological survey. Mult Scler 9:387-392.~Robertson NP, Deans
78 II, 5. 5. 3| prevalence (MSA:1.86 to 4.9/100.000, PSP: 2.5 to 7.5/
79 II, 5. 5. 3| increased mortality (SMR: 2.9) was reported compared to
80 II, 5. 5. 3| healthcare cost, estimated at €1.9 billion. However, these
81 II, 5. 5. 3| disabled PD patients reach €9,200 per patient (HY IV).~ ~ ~
82 II, 5. 5. 3| compared to a mean of 57.9 years for the healthy population.
83 II, 5. 5. 3| 2030 to results in 8.7 to 9.3 million (Dorsey et al,
84 II, 5. 5. 3| Study on Aging. Neurology 55(9):1358-1363.~Benito-Leon
85 II, 5. 5. 3| disease. Drugs Aging 23(9):693-721.~Eichhorn T, Oertel
86 II, 5. 5. 3| Environ Health Perspect 113(9):1234-1238.~McCrone P, Allcock
87 II, 5. 5. 3| disease. Trends Neurosci 27(9):561-568.~Riedel O, Klotsche
88 II, 5. 6. 3| for OA: 4.5 for farming 1-9 years and 9.3 for farming
89 II, 5. 6. 3| for farming 1-9 years and 9.3 for farming ten years
90 II, 5. 6. 3| found annual incidences of 9 and 37 per 10 000 men and
91 II, 5. 6. 3| risk of fracture (Table 5.6.9). There are some semi-independent
92 II, 5. 6. 3| the Elderly~ ~Table 5.6.9. Risk factors for bone loss,
93 II, 5. 6. 6| localization. Clin J Pain 9:174-182~Arnett FC, Edworthy
94 II, 5. 6. 6| Bull World Health Organ 81(9):646-56~Woolf AD and Akesson
95 II, 5. 7. 1| mL/min per 1.73 m2 )~ICD 9 CM Code~ ~Treatment~ ~1~
96 II, 5. 7. 2| from 16 renal registries in 9 EU-15 Member States (Austria,
97 II, 5. 7. 3| Hsu et al, 2004). Indeed, 9 new cases of ESRD developed
98 II, 5. 7. 5| points in QOF, with a further 9 for diabetes directly related
99 II, 5. 7. 6| rates ( see also the Chapter 9.2. on Transplants).~ ~
100 II, 5. 7. 7| Nephrol 2006 Mar;21(3):394-9.~Gansevoort RT, van der
101 II, 5. 7. 7| Dial Transplant 2003 Sep;18(9):1824-33.~Stevens PE, O'
102 II, 5. 7. 7| Kidney Int 2007 Jul;72(1):92-9.~Stewart JH, McCredie MR,
103 II, 5. 8. 2| 8~ ~Other emphysema~J43.9~ ~Emphysema, unspecified~ ~ ~
104 II, 5. 8. 2| respiratory infection ( J4 )~J44.9~ ~Chronic obstructive pulmonary
105 II, 5. 8. 3| incidence rate according to a 9-4% GOLD criteria27 in persistent
106 II, 5. 8. 3| in never smokers, in a 9-year follow-up of a general
107 II, 5. 8. 3| for male never smokers (9% in women). The 25-year
108 II, 5. 8. 3| estimated a prevalence of 9.2% using a spirometric definition
109 II, 5. 8. 3| between 40 and 69 years is 9.1% (Sobradillo Pena et al,
110 II, 5. 8. 3| 2001) and by 50% (from 1.9 to 2.9 per 1 000) in males
111 II, 5. 8. 3| and by 50% (from 1.9 to 2.9 per 1 000) in males and
112 II, 5. 8. 3| in females (from 1.0 to 2.9 per 1 000) from 2000 to
113 II, 5. 8. 3| al, 2005) in males and 3..9, 8.1, 2.3, 0.4, respectively,
114 II, 5. 8. 3| and an average FEV of 35.9 ± 10% (Carrasco Garrido,
115 II, 5. 8. 3| ambulatory care, 2.7 for drugs, 2.9 for inpatient care and 28.
116 II, 5. 8. 4| for male never smokers (9% in women) to 41% for male
117 II, 5. 8. 5| 1% former smokers and 10.9% lifelong non-smokers. In
118 II, 5. 8. 5| in 6.7% and severe in 5.9%). AL was found in 23% of
119 II, 5. 8. 6| long-term home care (26% vs 9.7%, p<0.05), but were much
120 II, 5. 8. 7| J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9: 926-932.~ ~Jorgensen NR,
121 II, 5. 9 | 5.9. Asthma and allergic rhinitis~ ~ ~ ~
122 II, 5. 9. FB| 5.FB.9. References~ ~Plumb J, Brawer
123 II, 5. 9. 1| 5.9.1. Introduction~ ~Asthma
124 II, 5. 9. 2| 5.9.2. Data sources~ ~ ~The
125 II, 5. 9. 2| chapter, with reference to ICD 9:~· Extrinsic asthma 493.
126 II, 5. 9. 2| Allergic asthma SAI 493.9~Detergent asthma 507.8~Wood
127 II, 5. 9. 2| seasonal) (seasonal) 477.9~· Allergic rhinitis, cause
128 II, 5. 9. 2| rhinitis, cause unspecified 477.9~ ~An interesting survey (
129 II, 5. 9. 2| determinants in children aged from 9 to 11 years. ISAAC Phase
130 II, 5. 9. 2| and 15 June 2004 (tables 5.9.5 to 5.9.7). Twenty studies
131 II, 5. 9. 2| 2004 (tables 5.9.5 to 5.9.7). Twenty studies have
132 II, 5. 9. 3| 5.9.3. Data description and
133 II, 5. 9. 3| age at onset (7.8 vs 15.9 years, P 001) and a shorter
134 II, 5. 9. 3| and childhood.~ ~Figure 5.9.1. Wheeze in last 12 months
135 II, 5. 9. 3| I by country~ ~Figure 5.9.2. Asthma ever in ECHRS
136 II, 5. 9. 3| I by country.~ ~Figure 5.9.3. Asthma by age 14 years
137 II, 5. 9. 3| I by country~ ~Figure 5.9.4. Hay fever in ECHRS and
138 II, 5. 9. 3| the mean age at diagnosis (9.6 years) and the predominance
139 II, 5. 9. 3| available indicate a 12.9% of prevalence in children,
140 II, 5. 9. 3| was recorded), Bulgaria (9% in the total population),
141 II, 5. 9. 3| 6-7 years of age and 16.9% in children of 13.14 years
142 II, 5. 9. 3| Romania (7%), Switzerland (9.1% in children and 6.8%
143 II, 5. 9. 3| 5% and 23.6% (median 18.9%) in 1998–2000. The AllergyNet
144 II, 5. 9. 3| allergic rhinitis was 15.9% according to the European
145 II, 5. 9. 3| Hertzen and Haahtela (tables 5.9.1 to 5.9.3) identified that
146 II, 5. 9. 3| Haahtela (tables 5.9.1 to 5.9.3) identified that in 13
147 II, 5. 9. 3| Germany, Australia).~ ~Table 5.9.1. Summary of data on stable
148 II, 5. 9. 3| prevalence of asthma~ ~Table 5.9.2. Summary of data on continuously
149 II, 5. 9. 3| prevalence of asthma~ ~Table 5.9.3. Summary of studies showing
150 II, 5. 9. 3| observed since 1994(Figure 5.9.5.)~ ~ ~ ~The costs of health
151 II, 5. 9. 3| indirect costs amounting to €9.8 billion) (Lung Health
152 II, 5. 9. 3| of stay in hospital was 9.85 days and the cost of
153 II, 5. 9. 4| 5.9.4. Risk factors~ ~Data show
154 II, 5. 9. 4| in school-children aged 9-11. Over these 15 years
155 II, 5. 9. 4| higher among females (2.9 cases.1000 person-yrs(-1))
156 II, 5. 9. 4| for the whole sample was 9%, without differences between
157 II, 5. 9. 4| hay-fever 18.3%, of asthma 9.1%).~ ~These findings are
158 II, 5. 9. 4| were identified (Tables 5.9.4 to 5.9.6). The lowest
159 II, 5. 9. 4| identified (Tables 5.9.4 to 5.9.6). The lowest sensitization
160 II, 5. 9. 4| between centre 21.7%, 16.9% and 8.8%, respectively).
161 II, 5. 9. 4| pollen counts.~ ~Table 5.9.4. Highest, median and lowest
162 II, 5. 9. 4| by skin tests.~ ~Table 5.9.5. High or low prevalence
163 II, 5. 9. 4| w1, ragweed.~ ~ ~Table 5.9.6. Standardized (age, gender)
164 II, 5. 9. 4| followed by house dust mite (8.9%), silver birch pollen (
165 II, 5. 9. 4| silver birch pollen (7.9%) and cat epithelia (3.8%).~
166 II, 5. 9. 4| asthmatic bronchitis (OR = 31.9) and atopic eczema (OR =
167 II, 5. 9. 4| lifetime asthma: 5.4% and 9.7% respectively, P <0.001;
168 II, 5. 9. 4| current wheeze: 5.2% and 6.9%, respectively, P = 0.04).
169 II, 5. 9. 5| 5.9.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
170 II, 5. 9. 6| 5.9.6. Future Developments~ ~
171 II, 5. 9. 7| 5.9.7. References~ ~Alfvén T (
172 II, 5. 9. 7| Eur Respir J. 2006 Apr;9(4):636-42~ ~Bj P (2007):
173 II, 5. 9. 7| 2007b): Ge I. Allergy 62:301-9.~ ~Braido F, Baiardini I,
174 II, 5. 9. 7| Air. 2005;15 Suppl 10:33-9.~ ~European Community Respiratory
175 II, 5. 9. 7| Paediatr Respir Rev. 2008 Mar;9(1):39-44. Epub 2008 Feb
176 II, 5. 10. 2| 1~Asthma, intrinsic~493.9~Asthma, unspecified~495.
177 II, 5. 10. 2| Asthma, unspecified~495.9~Unspecified allergic alveolitis~
178 II, 5. 10. 7| World Health Organization, 9 June 2006. htt ~ ~Knibb
179 II, 5. 10. 7| Mol Nutr Food Res 50:604-9. The InformAll Database.
180 II, 5. 10. 7| 1116-22. Epub 2007 Jan 9.~ ~Woods RK, Abramson M,
181 II, 5. 11. 3| Italian school children (9 yrs)~Lifetime prevalence=
182 II, 5. 11. 3| prevalence=3%,1-year prevalence=9%~Mortz C, et al~Psoriasis~
183 II, 5. 11. 3| percentage positive for nickel (9.7%) were reported in the
184 II, 5. 11. 3| 3% in Sheffield (UK) to 9.1% in Liverpool (UK) (The
185 II, 5. 11. 3| significantly from 24.8% to 9.2% over a 12-year period (
186 II, 5. 11. 3| women below 30 years over a 9-year period (A Schnuch,
187 II, 5. 11. 3| percentages of 20.8% and 21.9 % for nickel allergy, thus
188 II, 5. 11. 3| medical care with 7.3%, 3.4% 8.9% and 3.8% in the following
189 II, 5. 11. 3| study in Sweden found that 9% of school girls had nickel
190 II, 5. 11. 3| have been in Denmark (2.9%) and the Faeroe Islands (
191 II, 5. 11. 7| Acad Dermatol 1994;30:35-9.~ ~Larsson-Stymne B, Widstrom
192 II, 5. 11. 7| London: Springer-Verlag, 1991,9.~ ~Van Coevorden AM, Coenraads
193 II, 5. 12. 3| Italy (35.0), France (30.9), as well as in Austria (
194 II, 5. 12. 3| Austria (34.5) and Hungary (33.9), while the lowest ones
195 II, 5. 12. 3| and Wales from 3.6 to 8.9, Scotland from 7.8 to 20.
196 II, 5. 12. 3| Poland from 13.0 to 15.9, and mainly Hungary, where
197 II, 5. 12. 3| from cirrhosis rose from 33.9 in 1980-82 to 67.3 in 1990-
198 II, 5. 12. 3| followed by Hungary with 20.9, and the lowest ones, below
199 II, 5. 12. 3| values for women were 53.9/100,000 in Hungary and 44.
200 II, 5. 12. 3| England and Wales, around +9% in men and +7% in women
201 II, 5. 12. 3| from Scotland and around +9% in men and +4% in women
202 II, 5. 14. 3| falls in the middle with 9.3% of the GDP devoted to
203 II, 5. 15. 3| confidence interval of 1-9. This estimation is lower
204 II, 5. 15. 3| before the age of 1 year, to 9.6% of deaths between the
205 II, 5. 15. 6| Dis. 2006 Jul-Aug;37(1):46-9. Epub 2006 Jul 7.~McCabe
206 II, 5. 15. 6| 2005 Oct 29;331(7523):1016-9.~McKusick VA (2007): Mendelian
207 II, 6. 3. 3| 000 per year in 2001, to 7.9 per 100 000 per year in
208 II, 6. 3. 6| followed by Slovakia (9.51 per 100 000) reported
209 II, 6. 3. 6| countries notified a total of 9 564 cases of human yersiniosis
210 II, 6. 3. 6| 25 countries. Slovakia (9.81 per 100 000) and Latvia (
211 II, 6. 3. 6| per 100 000) and the UK (9.26 per 100 000) reporting
212 II, 7. 2. 9| 7.2.9. Other studies and projects~ ~
213 II, 7. 3. 4| slight injuries (Figure 7.9).~ ~Figure 7.9. Non–fatal
214 II, 7. 3. 4| Figure 7.9).~ ~Figure 7.9. Non–fatal road traffic
215 II, 8. 1. 3| in the age group 16-24, 9% in the age group 25-54
216 II, 8. 2. 1| in 18%. Among all cases, 9% had SPID as the only associated
217 II, 8. 2. 1| Disability Research 50 (9), 667–677.~Emerson, E. (
218 II, 8. 2. 3| about 553000 children aged 0-9 years (Fortnum and Davis,
219 II, 8. 2. 3| Arlinger, 2003) showed that 16.9% subjects showed no hearing
220 II, 8. 2. 3| males/females in the range 0.9-1.2), with some evidence
221 II, 8. 2. 3| Audiology 1996;Supplement 42:9-13~ ~Uimonen S, Huttunen
222 II, 8. 2. 3| Journal of Audiology 33(1):53-9.~ ~WHO (1997): Report on
223 II, 9 | 9.~MAIN HEALTH ISSUES AND
224 II, 9 | summarized in Tables from 9.1.a to 9.1.d.~ ~Table 9.
225 II, 9 | in Tables from 9.1.a to 9.1.d.~ ~Table 9.1a. Main
226 II, 9 | 9.1.a to 9.1.d.~ ~Table 9.1a. Main risk factors for
227 II, 9 | Garite et al, 2004). Figures 9.T1.1 and 9.T1.2. present
228 II, 9 | 2004). Figures 9.T1.1 and 9.T1.2. present data on the
229 II, 9 | Olausson et al, 1997).~ ~Figure 9.T1.1. Percentage of mothers
230 II, 9 | across Europe, as Figure 9.1c illustrates. This information
231 II, 9 | to almost 25%.~ ~Figure 9.T1.3. Rates of Smoking Among
232 II, 9 | anomalies are listed in Chapter 9.1.2; references cited in
233 II, 9 | paragraphs are listed in Chapter 9.1.1~ ~ ~ ~Table 9.1b. Main
234 II, 9 | Chapter 9.1.1~ ~ ~ ~Table 9.1b. Main risk factors for
235 II, 9 | table are listed in Chapter 9.2~ ~ ~Table 9.1c. Main risk
236 II, 9 | in Chapter 9.2~ ~ ~Table 9.1c. Main risk factors for
237 II, 9 | ischaemic heart disease (Fig.9.T1.4).~ ~ ~Figure 9.T1.4.
238 II, 9 | Fig.9.T1.4).~ ~ ~Figure 9.T1.4. Relationship between
239 II, 9 | table are listed in Chapter 9.3.1~ ~ ~Table 9.1d. Main
240 II, 9 | Chapter 9.3.1~ ~ ~Table 9.1d. Main risk factors for
241 II, 9 | table are listed in Chapter 9.4~ ~ ~ ~
242 II, 9. 1 | 9.1. Newborns and perinatal
243 II, 9. 1 | of the cases (see chapter 9.3.2).~ ~This burden of death
244 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1. Foetal, neonatal and
245 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1.1. Introduction~ ~The
246 II, 9. 1. 1| EU Member States. Table 9.1.1.1 provides definitions
247 II, 9. 1. 1| countries and over time.~ ~Table 9.1.1.1. Definitions of foetal,
248 II, 9. 1. 1| neonatal mortality~ ~Table 9.1.1.2. Births, deaths and
249 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1.2. Data sources~ ~
250 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1.2. Information Sources~ ~
251 II, 9. 1. 1| the member states.~ ~Table 9.1.1.2.1. EURO-PERISTAT Indicators
252 II, 9. 1. 1| Reproduction and Embryology). Table 9. 1. 1. 2. 1 indicates in
253 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1.3. Data presentation
254 II, 9. 1. 1| infant mortality~ ~Table 9.1.1.2 provides rates of
255 II, 9. 1. 1| EUROSTAT data, while Figures 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2 show the
256 II, 9. 1. 1| while Figures 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2 show the evolution
257 II, 9. 1. 1| mortality~As shown in Figure 9.1.1.1, there has been a
258 II, 9. 1. 1| they ranged from 1.6 to 9.5 per 1 000 births. Neonatal
259 II, 9. 1. 1| Foetal mortality~As Figure 9.1.1.2 illustrates, foetal
260 II, 9. 1. 1| mortality, as explained in Table 9.1.1.1. In addition, data
261 II, 9. 1. 1| rate of foetal mortality (3.9 per 1 000 births) between
262 II, 9. 1. 1| however, was higher at 6.9 per 1 000 births.~ ~F ~ ~
263 II, 9. 1. 1| first year of life.~ ~Table 9.1.1.3. Infant mortality
264 II, 9. 1. 1| malformations~ ~See Chapter 9.1.2 for a detailed and specific
265 II, 9. 1. 1| preterm delivery~ ~Figure 9.1.1.3 presents rates of
266 II, 9. 1. 1| in the EU. Between 4 and 9% of all live births have
267 II, 9. 1. 1| normal birth weight.~ ~Figure 9.1.1.3. Percentage of live
268 II, 9. 1. 1| births. As shown in Table 9.1.1.4, this rate varies
269 II, 9. 1. 1| United Kingdom).~ ~Table 9.1.1.4. Cerebral palsy rates
270 II, 9. 1. 1| impairment. As shown in Table 9.1.1.5, these proportions
271 II, 9. 1. 1| this rate of CP.~ ~Table 9.1.1.5. Proportion of severe
272 II, 9. 1. 1| born in the covered area of 9 different European countries
273 II, 9. 1. 1| 1998. As shown in Table 9.1.1.6, this rate varies
274 II, 9. 1. 1| Platt et al, 2007).~ ~Table 9.1.1.6. CP rates among VLBW
275 II, 9. 1. 1| rates among VLBW babies in 9 European countries, birth
276 II, 9. 1. 1| available knowledge see Table 9.1 and the section on maternal
277 II, 9. 1. 1| Member States. See Chapter 9.3.2 for more information.~ ~ ~
278 II, 9. 1. 1| is presented in Chapter 9.3.2~ ~
279 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1.4. References~ ~Ananth
280 II, 9. 1. 1| Reprod Biol 2000;88(1):65-9.~ ~Doyle LW (2001): Outcome
281 II, 9. 1. 1| Engl J Med 1989;321(4):233-9.~ ~Hansen M, Kurinczuk JJ,
282 II, 9. 1. 1| System. Jama 2000;284(7):843-9.~Jackson RA, Gibson KA,
283 II, 9. 1. 1| System. Jama 284(7):843-9.~ ~Kramer MS, Seguin L,
284 II, 9. 1. 1| comparaison de l'experience de 9 services de gyneco-obstetrique
285 II, 9. 1. 1| Bmj 2006;332(7547):937-9.~ ~Lin HC, Xirasagar S (
286 II, 9. 1. 1| artefact? Bjog 2007;114(9):1097-103.~ ~Zeitlin J,
287 II, 9. 1. 1| 9.1.1.5. Acronyms~ ~APGAR~
288 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2. Congenital Malformations~ ~ ~
289 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.1. Introduction~ ~Collectively,
290 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.2. Data sources~ ~EUROCAT (
291 II, 9. 1. 2| 20 countries (see Table 9.1.2.2.1), covering in total
292 II, 9. 1. 2| membership in 2009.~ ~Table 9.1.2.2.1. Coverage of the
293 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.3. Data description
294 II, 9. 1. 2| births for 2000-2004 (Table 9.1.2.1). Total prevalence
295 II, 9. 1. 2| live-birth prevalence is 19.9 per 1 000 births.~ ~Table
296 II, 9. 1. 2| per 1 000 births.~ ~Table 9.1.2.1. Prevalence per 1
297 II, 9. 1. 2| Europe is shown in Table 9.1.2.1. The prevalence of
298 II, 9. 1. 2| the data shown in Table 9.1.2.1, these cases have
299 II, 9. 1. 2| births are shown in Table 9.1.2.1.~ ~There has been
300 II, 9. 1. 2| congenital heart disease (Figure 9.1.2.1), but an overall improvement
301 II, 9. 1. 2| has increased.~ ~Figure 9.1.2.1. Trends in the total
302 II, 9. 1. 2| per 1 000 births (Table 9.1.2.2). The main congenital
303 II, 9. 1. 2| chromosomal anomalies (21%) (Table 9.1.2.2).~ ~Chromosomal anomalies
304 II, 9. 1. 2| both categories.~ ~Table 9.1.2.2. Perinatal mortality
305 II, 9. 1. 2| varies per country (Table 9.1.2.3). The lowest rates
306 II, 9. 1. 2| mortality statistics).~ ~Table 9.1.2.3. Ratio of Terminations
307 II, 9. 1. 2| Portugal, Denmark).~ ~Table 9.1.2.3 shows TOPFA before
308 II, 9. 1. 2| congenital anomaly (Table 9.1.2.3). Up to 0.8% (Switzerland)
309 II, 9. 1. 2| a rate above 0.5% (Table 9.1.2.3). The differences
310 II, 9. 1. 2| per 1 000 births (Table 9.1.2.1), the largest group
311 II, 9. 1. 2| been increasing (Figure 9.1.2.1), probably associated
312 II, 9. 1. 2| documented in Chapter 8. Figure 9.1.2.2 shows the resulting
313 II, 9. 1. 2| 3.4 per 1 000.~ ~Figure 9.1.2.2. Trends in the total
314 II, 9. 1. 2| slightly declined (Figure 9.1.2.2) to 1.0 per 1 000
315 II, 9. 1. 2| Ireland and Malta).~ ~Table 9.1.2.4. Total and live birth
316 II, 9. 1. 2| subsequent decade (Figure 9.1.2.3). This has represented
317 II, 9. 1. 2| preventive policy.~ ~Figure 9.1.2.3. Trends in the total
318 II, 9. 1. 2| per 1 000 in Poland (Table 9.1.2.4).~ ~Orofacial clefts~ ~
319 II, 9. 1. 2| births in Europe (Table 9.1.2.1). Cleft lip with or
320 II, 9. 1. 2| births in 2000-2004 (Table 9.1.2.1). It is associated
321 II, 9. 1. 2| per 1 000 births (Table 9.1.2.1). Individual registries
322 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.4. Risk factors~ ~For
323 II, 9. 1. 2| main risk factors see Table 9.1a.~ ~Table 9.1a. Main risk
324 II, 9. 1. 2| see Table 9.1a.~ ~Table 9.1a. Main risk factors for
325 II, 9. 1. 2| Garite et al, 2004). Figures 9.T1.1 and 9.T1.2. present
326 II, 9. 1. 2| 2004). Figures 9.T1.1 and 9.T1.2. present data on the
327 II, 9. 1. 2| Olausson et al, 1997).~ ~Figure 9.T1.1. Percentage of mothers
328 II, 9. 1. 2| most recent year~ ~Figure 9.T1.2a. Percent of mothers
329 II, 9. 1. 2| EU15 and Norway~ ~Figure 9.T1.2b. Percent of mothers
330 II, 9. 1. 2| across Europe, as Figure 9.1c illustrates. This information
331 II, 9. 1. 2| to almost 25%.~ ~Figure 9.T1.3. Rates of Smoking Among
332 II, 9. 1. 2| anomalies are listed in Chapter 9.1.2; references cited in
333 II, 9. 1. 2| paragraphs are listed in Chapter 9.1.1~ ~ ~ ~ ~
334 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.5. Control tools and
335 II, 9. 1. 2| as presented in section 9.1.2.3. Comparisons of the
336 II, 9. 1. 2| been presented in Table 9.1a. The following would
337 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.6. Future developments~ ~
338 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.7. References~ ~Abramsky
339 II, 9. 1. 2| 9.1.2.8. Acronyms~ ~TOPFA
340 II, 9. 2 | 9.2. Children and adolescents (
341 II, 9. 2. 1| 9.2.1. Introduction~ ~Children
342 II, 9. 2. 2| 9.2.2. Data Sources~ ~In the
343 II, 9. 2. 2| 9.2.2.1. Issues related to
344 II, 9. 2. 3| 9.2.3. Data description and
345 II, 9. 2. 3| well as leukaemias (Figures 9.2.1a and b). Leukaemia is
346 II, 9. 2. 3| treated in children.~ ~Figure 9.2.1a. Age-standardised mortality
347 II, 9. 2. 3| Countries – Boys~ ~Figure 9.2.1b. Age-standardised mortality
348 II, 9. 2. 3| of age. Every year, some 9.000 children and young people
349 II, 9. 2. 3| can be found in chapter “9.3.3. Sexual health”~ ~Sexually
350 II, 9. 2. 3| 2005c)(see also Chapter 9.3).~ ~The incidence rate
351 II, 9. 2. 3| terms of weight (Figure 9.2.2). Girls often perceive
352 II, 9. 2. 3| weight or height.~ ~Figure 9.2.2. Young people dissatisfied
353 II, 9. 2. 4| 9.2.4. Risk factors~ ~A number
354 II, 9. 2. 4| children health (see Table 9.1b.). Equally important -
355 II, 9. 2. 4| and legislation.~ ~ ~Table 9.1b. Main risk factors for
356 II, 9. 2. 4| table are listed in Chapter 9.2~ ~ ~
357 II, 9. 2. 5| 9.2.5. Control tools and policies~ ~ ~
358 II, 9. 2. 6| 9.2.6. Future developments~ ~
359 II, 9. 2. 7| 9.2.7. References~ ~Alexander
360 II, 9. 2. 7| Eurobarometer Issue No. 246 p 13. 9 November, 2006~ ~European
361 II, 9. 2. 7| 2003-2008), OJ No L 271, 9 October 2002.~ ~European
362 II, 9. 2. 7| Adolescent Health; 35(5):350-9, November 2004~ ~Ozanne
363 II, 9. 2. 8| 9.2.8. Acronyms~ ~CEHAPE~Children’
364 II, 9. 3 | 9.3. Adults~ ~
365 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1 General health conditions~ ~
366 II, 9. 3. 1| this Chapter see Chapter 9.5.~ ~ ~
367 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.1. Introduction~ ~For
368 II, 9. 3. 1| women is provided in chapter 9.5.~ ~As compared to women,
369 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.2. Data sources~ ~Sources
370 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.3. Data description
371 II, 9. 3. 1| injury and poisoning (Table 9.3.1.1). For men who survive
372 II, 9. 3. 1| smaller than at birth.~ ~Table 9.3.1.1 Premature mortality
373 II, 9. 3. 1| with active epilepsy is 0.9 million children and adolescents (
374 II, 9. 3. 1| prevalence 4.5–5.0 per 1000), 1.9 million aged 20–64 (prevalence
375 II, 9. 3. 1| 121.1) and at 15-19 (25.9). The rates are consistently
376 II, 9. 3. 1| 15-24 age group (median 3.9 per 100 000 population),
377 II, 9. 3. 1| deaths whereas Latvia had 169.9 deaths in the 35-44 age
378 II, 9. 3. 1| rate in men aged 30-39, 9.5% aged 40-49, 15.7% aged
379 II, 9. 3. 1| over from 4.2% in 1995 to 9.5% in 2025. The most commonly
380 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.4. Risk factors~ ~The
381 II, 9. 3. 1| are summarized in Table 9.1c.~ ~Table 9.1c. Main risk
382 II, 9. 3. 1| summarized in Table 9.1c.~ ~Table 9.1c. Main risk factors for
383 II, 9. 3. 1| ischaemic heart disease (Fig.9.T1.4).~ ~Figure 9.T1.4.
384 II, 9. 3. 1| disease (Fig.9.T1.4).~ ~Figure 9.T1.4. Relationship between
385 II, 9. 3. 1| table are listed in Chapter 9.3.1~ ~ ~ ~
386 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.5. Control tools and
387 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.6. Future developments~ ~
388 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.7. References~ ~Arber
389 II, 9. 3. 1| April 2005 , pp. 245-253(9)~ ~Gabriel P, Liimatainen
390 II, 9. 3. 1| paperback) ISBN 978-952-00-2270-9 (PDF)~ ~Mental Health Europe (
391 II, 9. 3. 1| Affective Disorders, 71(1-3):1-9.~ ~NIH Consensus Development
392 II, 9. 3. 1| of Internal Medicine 148(9): 680-W137.~ ~Shah, J., (
393 II, 9. 3. 1| The Lancet Oncology 8(9): 784-796.~ ~Verlato G,
394 II, 9. 3. 1| 9.3.1.8. Acronyms~ ~ADAM~Androgen
395 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2. Maternal health~ ~
396 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.1. Introduction~ ~Every
397 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.2. Data sources~Data
398 II, 9. 3. 2| been presented in Chapter 9.1.1.2.~ ~
399 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.3. Data presentation
400 II, 9. 3. 2| 2002).~ ~As shown in Figure 9.3.2.1. the maternal mortality
401 II, 9. 3. 2| countries~ ~As shown in Figure 9.3.2.2., which gives the
402 II, 9. 3. 2| statistically significant.~ ~Figure 9.3.2.2. Maternal mortality
403 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.4. Risk factors~ ~In
404 II, 9. 3. 2| available knowledge see Table 9.1a.~ ~The EURO-PERISTAT
405 II, 9. 3. 2| reproductive age (Table 9.1a) using data from EUROSTAT,
406 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.5. Care during pregnancy,
407 II, 9. 3. 2| Caesarean Delivery~Figure 9.3.2.3. shows an increasing
408 II, 9. 3. 2| as illustrated in Figure 9.3.2.4. However, as these
409 II, 9. 3. 2| follow-up services.~ ~Figure 9.3.2.4. Evolution of length
410 II, 9. 3. 2| EU Member States.~ ~Table 9.3.2.1. Percentage of babies
411 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.6. Future developments~ ~
412 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.7. References~ ~ ~Alexander
413 II, 9. 3. 2| Reprod Biol 2000;88(1):65-9.~ ~Doyle LW (2001): Outcome
414 II, 9. 3. 2| Engl J Med 1989;321(4):233-9.~ ~Hansen M, Kurinczuk JJ,
415 II, 9. 3. 2| System. Jama 2000;284(7):843-9.~ ~Kramer MS, Platt RW,
416 II, 9. 3. 2| comparaison de l'experience de 9 services de gyneco-obstetrique
417 II, 9. 3. 2| Bmj 2006;332(7547):937-9.~ ~Le Fort L (1866) : Des
418 II, 9. 3. 2| artefact? Bjog 2007;114(9):1097-103.~ ~Zeitlin J,
419 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2.8. Acronyms~ ~IVF In-Vitro
420 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3. Sexual health~ ~
421 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.1. Introduction~ ~Human
422 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.2. Data sources~ ~Still
423 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.3. Data presentation
424 II, 9. 3. 3| age of twenty.~ ~Figure 9.3.3.1. Young people who
425 II, 9. 3. 3| positive responses range from 9.2 in Poland to 40.4% in
426 II, 9. 3. 3| 2003 from about 11 to about 9 for men and has slightly
427 II, 9. 3. 3| Spain for girls (Figure 9.3.3.2). In almost all countries
428 II, 9. 3. 3| Belgium (Flemish).~ ~Figure 9.3.3.2. Young people who
429 II, 9. 3. 3| at least once, and only 0.9% said they had sexual relations
430 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.4. Control tools and
431 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.5. Future developments~ ~
432 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.6. References~ ~Amaro
433 II, 9. 3. 3| France and Britain. AIDS 9:735-43.~Bajos N, Guillaume
434 II, 9. 3. 3| starting point? Aids 18:805-9~Grier S, Bryant CA (2005):
435 II, 9. 3. 3| 9.3.3.7. Acronyms~ ~BZgA~Bundeszentrale
436 II, 9. 4 | 9.4. Elderly~ ~
437 II, 9. 4. 1| 9.4.1. Introduction~ ~Ageing
438 II, 9. 4. 2| 9.4.2. Data sources~ ~Policy
439 II, 9. 4. 2| supporting this theory.~ ~Table 9.4.1. General Physical Health
440 II, 9. 4. 2| interventions.~ ~Figure 9.4.1. Ability to carry out
441 II, 9. 4. 3| 9.4.3. Data description and
442 II, 9. 4. 3| related to falls (Figure 9.4.2). As much as about 30%
443 II, 9. 4. 3| WHO/HEN, 2004).~ ~Figure 9.4.2. Fatal injuries by causes
444 II, 9. 4. 3| in-hospital delirium from 15% to 9%, with concomitant savings
445 II, 9. 4. 3| estimates for 1996).~ ~Table 9.4.2. Most common causes
446 II, 9. 4. 4| 9.4.4. Risk factors~ ~Main
447 II, 9. 4. 4| are summarized in Table 9.1d.~ ~Table 9.1d. Main risk
448 II, 9. 4. 4| summarized in Table 9.1d.~ ~Table 9.1d. Main risk factors for
449 II, 9. 4. 4| table are listed in Chapter 9.4~ ~ ~ ~
450 II, 9. 4. 5| 9.4.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
451 II, 9. 4. 5| already a large employer with 9.7% of the total employment
452 II, 9. 4. 6| 9.4.6. Future developments~ ~
453 II, 9. 4. 7| 9.4.7. References~ ~Bhalla
454 II, 9. 4. 7| Menopause Society, Volume 9, Number 4, December 2003 ,
455 II, 9. 4. 8| 9.4.8. Acronyms~ ~AD~Alzheimer’
456 II, 9. 5 | 9.5. Special gender-related
457 II, 9. 5. 1| 9.5.1. Introduction~ ~“Gender”
458 II, 9. 5. 2| 9.5.2. Data sources~ ~ ~Sources
459 II, 9. 5. 2| Accidents).~See also section 9.2 for additional data sources. ~ ~
460 II, 9. 5. 3| 9.5.3. Data description and
461 II, 9. 5. 3| risk behaviours.~ ~Figure 9.5.1. Percentage of deaths
462 II, 9. 5. 3| Commission, 2006).~ ~Figure 9.5.2. Unemployed persons
463 II, 9. 5. 3| isolation (Doyal, 1998).~ ~Table 9.5.1. Sex differences in
464 II, 9. 5. 3| longevity of women~ ~ ~Table 9.5.2. Prevalence of depression
465 II, 9. 5. 3| epidemiological studies~ ~Table 9.5.3. Suicide Rates~ ~Gender
466 II, 9. 5. 3| Eurostat, 2006).~ ~Table 9.5.4. Percentage of 25-64
467 II, 9. 5. 3| On-line, 2007). (See Figure 9.5.3) Carers can often be
468 II, 9. 5. 3| Concern, 2007b).~ ~Figure 9.5.3. Percentage of people
469 II, 9. 5. 3| sources, are reported in Table 9.5.5.~ ~Table 9.5.5. Violence
470 II, 9. 5. 3| in Table 9.5.5.~ ~Table 9.5.5. Violence against women~ ~ ~ ~
471 II, 9. 5. 3| 16 reported being raped~· 9.4% reported almost being
472 II, 9. 5. 3| Wales) b ( 2000 data )~· 4.9% of women have reported
473 II, 9. 5. 3| there were an estimated 12.9 million incidents of domestic
474 II, 9. 5. 3| problems represent about 9% of the disease burden in
475 II, 9. 5. 3| Jernigan, 2001).~ ~Table 9.5.6 below illustrates drinking
476 II, 9. 5. 3| UK and Ireland.~ ~Table 9.5.6. Drinking patterns among
477 II, 9. 5. 3| European countries~ ~Figure 9.5.4. Girls who drink any
478 II, 9. 5. 3| health problems.~ ~Table 9.5.7. Percentage of Female
479 II, 9. 5. 3| fully understood.~ ~Figure 9.5.5. Adults (15+) selecting ‘
480 II, 9. 5. 3| physical activity at work.~ ~Table 9.5.8. Days of vigorous physical activity
481 II, 9. 5. 3| days per gender~ ~Table 9.5.9. Time spent on vigorous
482 II, 9. 5. 3| days per gender~ ~Table 9.5.9. Time spent on vigorous
483 II, 9. 5. 3| States: the United Kingdom (1.9%) had the lowest percentage,
484 II, 9. 5. 3| of the scale, Malta (45.9%), followed by Ireland (
485 II, 9. 5. 4| 9.5.4. Control tools and policies~ ~
486 II, 9. 5. 4| tools and policies~ ~Table 9.5.10. European Parliament
487 II, 9. 5. 5| 9.5.5. Future developments~ ~“
488 II, 9. 5. 6| 9.5.6. References~ ~Age Concern (
489 II, 9. 5. 7| 9.5.7. Acronyms~ ~AD~Alzheimer’
490 III, 10. 1. 3| Acta Paediatr Suppl 404:9-13.~Wood PD (1994): Physical activity,
491 III, 10. 2. 1| the EU27 ranges from 15.9% in Sweden to 37.6% in Greece.
492 III, 10. 2. 1| between sexes in Europe - 19.9% among boys, and 15.7% among
493 III, 10. 2. 1| the global average of 8.9% (Warren et al, 2006).~ ~
494 III, 10. 2. 1| smoking in nonsmokers was 17.9% at home and 20.6% at work.
495 III, 10. 2. 1| at work decreased by 10.9% (Ja ~ ~Objective biomarkers
496 III, 10. 2. 1| 2nd edition: data updated 9 December 2005). Available
497 III, 10. 2. 1| 2006.~ ~Nearly all (over 9 in 10) 15-16 year-old students
498 III, 10. 2. 1| child abuse / neglect~- 5-9 million children living
499 III, 10. 2. 1| be around 1.1 million (0.9 – 1.3 million) injectors
500 III, 10. 2. 1| 2004, from 6 500 to over 9 000 deaths were reported
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