Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | until that time. However, due to the complexity of these
2 -, 1 | inevitably vary across countries, due to cultural, technical,
3 I, 2. 2 | is a growing concern also due to global climate change,
4 I, 2. 3 | immigration flows are mainly due to strong and persisting
5 I, 2. 3 | traditionally practised, but due to the arrival of immigrants,
6 I, 2. 4 | were in their turn mostly due to faster mortality declines
7 I, 2. 4 | disease mortality. This was due to improvements in health-conducive
8 I, 2. 4 | among men. This is probably due to a combination of (interlinked)
9 I, 2. 4 | accessing conventional services due to physical or mental disability
10 I, 2. 5 | rates will likely increase due to the current economic
11 I, 2. 8 | 2.8. Energy production~ ~Due to both population growth
12 I, 2. 10. 1 | high-throughput data collection and due to the need for complex
13 I, 2. 10. 2 | 10.2. Nanotechnologies~ ~Due to their diminutive size,
14 I, 2. 10. 4 | 60 patients die each day due to adverse drug errors9.
15 I, 2. 10. 4 | implementation on a national level due to the complexity of the
16 I, 3. 1 | 80s the TFR rose slightly due to the ‘catching up’ of
17 I, 3. 1 | raised slightly further due to the fact that the increase
18 I, 3. 1 | elevated than period TFRs due to changes in fertility
19 I, 3. 1 | remain without children, due to lower ever-marriage-rates
20 I, 3. 2 | during the last fifty years due to the fact that the overall
21 I, 3. 2 | population is still growing due to a larger positive immigration
22 I, 3. 2 | population, growth is currently due to only net gains of international
23 I, 3. 2 | immigration flows are mainly due to strong and persisting
24 II, 4. 1 | the EU15 than in the EU27, due to the fact that new Member
25 II, 4. 1 | should be pointed out that, due to cultural differences
26 II, 4. 2 | to some Countries only, due to the availability of data
27 II, 4. 2 | expectancy in the 1970s, due to the strong decline in
28 II, 4. 2 | women in contrast with men, due to the fact that number
29 II, 4. 2 | negative impact on mortality due to cancer, for men more
30 II, 4. 2 | increased between 1980 and 2000 due to a decline in mortality
31 II, 4. 2 | However, this is mainly due to the negative development
32 II, 5. 1. 1 | when this excess weight is due to abdominal fat In case
33 II, 5. 1. 2 | medical consultations are due to chronic diseases which
34 II, 5. 2. 1 | next few decades, mainly due to a growth in the elderly
35 II, 5. 2. 2 | determine actual stroke due to co-morbidity; including
36 II, 5. 2. 2 | diabetes and smoking habit. Due to differences among countries
37 II, 5. 2. 3 | interpretation is difficult due to various factors, such
38 II, 5. 2. 3 | of hospitalizations are due to other CVD. This means
39 II, 5. 2. 3 | more recent decline is also due to improvements in modern
40 II, 5. 2. 3 | interpretation is difficult due to various factors such
41 II, 5. 2. 3 | interpretation is difficult due to various factors such
42 II, 5. 2. 3 | decrease of case fatality was due to changes in the management
43 II, 5. 2. 3 | but low in antioxidants due to a low intake of fruit
44 II, 5. 2. 4 | are difficult to obtain due to the high cost of health
45 II, 5. 2. 4 | is difficult to describe due to the different existing
46 II, 5. 2. 4 | incidence (Wellman J, 2004).~Due to differences in data collection
47 II, 5. 2. 4 | Eastern and Eastern Europe are due to a history of high blood
48 II, 5. 2. 4 | 35% of heart attacks are due to abnormal blood lipids,
49 II, 5. 2. 5 | two-thirds of the decline was due to the incidence decrease
50 II, 5. 3. 1 | cancer risk factors and also due to increased life expectancy
51 II, 5. 3. 5 | Figure 5.3.25) possibly due to the diffusion of PSA
52 II, 5. 3. 6 | over time, which are mainly due to improvements in health-care
53 II, 5. 3. 7 | treatment of cancer patients due to detection at an earlier
54 II, 5. 3. 7 | screening is often misleading, due to a wide range of biases.
55 II, 5. 3. 7 | often difficult to analyze, due to scarce data in some national
56 II, 5. 3. 7 | level without further delays due to price and reimbursement
57 II, 5. 4. 1 | Indirect costs by diabetes due to loss of productivity
58 II, 5. 4. 1 | is difficult to collect due to the different and fragmented
59 II, 5. 4. 2 | classified: earlier diagnosis due to increasing awareness
60 II, 5. 4. 2 | see Armesto et al. 2006) due to problems in national
61 II, 5. 4. 2 | on a range of individual due to recall bias and imprecise
62 II, 5. 4. 2 | Annual incidence of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy/
63 II, 5. 4. 2 | Annual incidence of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy
64 II, 5. 4. 2 | of blindness in one year due to diabetic retinopathy/
65 II, 5. 4. 2 | was not reported by EUCID, due to the small number of countries
66 II, 5. 4. 3 | Annual incidence of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy.
67 II, 5. 4. 4 | biases related possibly due to the use different coding
68 II, 5. 4. 4 | loose 30 citizens per year due to diabetes.~As far as secondary
69 II, 5. 4. 5 | particularly when excess weight is due to abdominal fat In case
70 II, 5. 4. 6 | for national governments. Due to the great increase of
71 II, 5. 5.Int | lived with disability are due to neuropsychiatric disorders.
72 II, 5. 5.Int | inviting Member States to give due attention to the implementation
73 II, 5. 5. 1 | include loss of productivity due to sickness spells, absenteeism
74 II, 5. 5. 1 | early retirement and also due to increased mortality for
75 II, 5. 5. 1 | most of the increase is due to indirect costs (Sobocki
76 II, 5. 5. 1 | for undertreatment can be due to stigma associated with
77 II, 5. 5. 1 | statistics on mortality due to suicide are not totally
78 II, 5. 5. 1 | between WHO-HFO and EUROSTAT due to different definition
79 II, 5. 5. 1 | of the EU Member States. Due to reason described above,
80 II, 5. 5. 1 | differences are possible due to differences in ICD interpretation
81 II, 5. 5. 1 | and the WHO EURO databases due to differences in presenting
82 II, 5. 5. 1 | Figure 5.5.1.5. Death due to suicide and intentional
83 II, 5. 5. 1 | adjusted mortality rates due to suicide and self inflicted
84 II, 5. 5. 1 | adjusted mortality rates due to suicide and self inflicted
85 II, 5. 5. 1 | mortality rates and trends due to suicide and self inflicted
86 II, 5. 5. 2 | considerably underestimated due to the lack of availability
87 II, 5. 5. 2 | carers (ongoing project due to be finalised in 2008)~ ~
88 II, 5. 5. 3 | 6. Future developments~ ~Due to the fact that eating
89 II, 5. 5. 3 | Alexander D, Rigby M, (in press, due January 2009): Challenges
90 II, 5. 5. 3 | Neumann G, Kirch W (in press, due January 2009): Challenges
91 II, 5. 5. 3 | level of excess mortality due to treatable physical disorders.
92 II, 5. 5. 3 | causes of mortality are due to the high psychiatric
93 II, 5. 5. 3 | the brain. Therefore, and due to the multitude of clinical
94 II, 5. 5. 3 | the health care system is due to schizophrenia which affords
95 II, 5. 5. 3 | the direct treatment costs due to remarkable unemployment
96 II, 5. 5. 3 | respect to hospital admissions due to ICD-10/F20, i.e. the
97 II, 5. 5. 3 | disease are death rates due to the diagnosis of interest,
98 II, 5. 5. 3 | treatment/admission data due to the diagnosis of interest.
99 II, 5. 5. 3 | cardiovascular disease. Mortality due to cardiovascular disease
100 II, 5. 5. 3 | and this cannot only be due to differences in psychiatric
101 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries, which cannot be due to higher incidence or prevalence
102 II, 5. 5. 3 | missing in figure 5.5.3.3.2 due to lacking ICD-10 documentation.
103 II, 5. 5. 3 | like this might in part be due to differences in the mental
104 II, 5. 5. 3 | the extent of variation is due to differences in the national
105 II, 5. 5. 3 | amounting to one fifth of DALYs due to health conditions (WHO,
106 II, 5. 5. 3 | Table 5.5.3.2.1. DALYs due to schizophrenia~DALY rates
107 II, 5. 5. 3 | the cardiovascular system (due to the use of nicotine)
108 II, 5. 5. 3 | nicotine) or the liver (due to alcohol consumption).
109 II, 5. 5. 3 | that the disease burden due to schizophrenia is underestimated.~
110 II, 5. 5. 3 | trends in efficacy, but due to a paucity of well-controlled
111 II, 5. 5. 3 | be untreated. This may be due to several reasons: lack
112 II, 5. 5. 3 | increased burden of the disease due to more severe courses of
113 II, 5. 5. 3 | guidelines may in part be due to health insurance policies
114 II, 5. 5. 3 | relapse is supposed to be due to non-adherence.~Deficits
115 II, 5. 5. 3 | acute psychotic episode are due to the stigma associated
116 II, 5. 5. 3 | of the economic burden is due to DALYs and the respective
117 II, 5. 5. 3 | costs for hospital stays due to mental disorders were
118 II, 5. 5. 3 | neuro-developmental disorder due to neurobiological conditions.
119 II, 5. 5. 3 | Elevated death rates are due to several causes, including
120 II, 5. 5. 3 | different European countries but due to the different methodologies
121 II, 5. 5. 3 | other populations can be due to different criteria or
122 II, 5. 5. 3 | is expected to increase due to the greater longevity
123 II, 5. 5. 3 | studies. This is most probably due to the different populations
124 II, 5. 5. 3 | of the disease in women due to socio-cultural reasons.~
125 II, 5. 5. 3 | Mortality~The mortality rate due to epilepsy ranges from
126 II, 5. 5. 3 | an increasing disability due to irreversible functional
127 II, 5. 5. 3 | northern countries, maybe also due to a better degree of ascertainment,
128 II, 5. 5. 3 | in Europe is a hard task due to: (a) the variability
129 II, 5. 5. 3 | As for disease course, due to the remarkable heterogeneity
130 II, 5. 5. 3 | future years of lifetime lost due to premature mortality (
131 II, 5. 5. 3 | for the disease severity due to mental and/or physical
132 II, 5. 5. 3 | increase the disease burden due to the greater number of
133 II, 5. 5. 3 | indirect costs (production loss due to sick-leave and early
134 II, 5. 5. 3 | temporary minor improvements.~Due to the cross-sectional or
135 II, 5. 5. 3 | Kurtzke, 1983). Disability due to MS can be measured within
136 II, 5. 5. 3 | helpless and 10 is death due to MS.~ ~Treatment~There
137 II, 5. 5. 3 | are forced to give up work due to lack of support.~The
138 II, 5. 5. 3 | that most variations seem due not to the severity of the
139 II, 5. 5. 3 | number of unemployed people due to MS, number of people
140 II, 5. 5. 3 | recent review estimated costs due to PD resulting in €10.7
141 II, 5. 5. 3 | excluded indirect costs due to production losses associated
142 II, 5. 5. 3 | healthcare sector. Disability due to PD causes a strong need
143 II, 5. 5. 3 | the burden, while costs due to informal care and earnings
144 II, 5. 5. 3 | greatly in their results due to differences in methodology.~
145 II, 5. 5. 3 | income was observed, mainly due to earlier retirement. In
146 II, 5. 5. 3 | patients stopped working due to PD (Clarke et al, 1995).~ ~
147 II, 5. 5. 3 | use and productivity loss due to 12 major diseases in
148 II, 5. 5. 3 | nations.~ ~In addition, due to the changes in family
149 II, 5. 6. 3 | of physical disabilities due to a musculoskeletal condition
150 II, 5. 6. 3 | but its impact is changing due to advances in the management
151 II, 5. 6. 3 | mild or moderate disability due to RA and less than 10%
152 II, 5. 6. 3 | the burden of disability due to RA might be further reduced
153 II, 5. 6. 3 | over the subsequent years due to the costs of devices,
154 II, 5. 6. 3 | next 10 years in Europe due to the ageing populations.
155 II, 5. 6. 3 | of which occur in women (due in part to the presence
156 II, 5. 6. 3 | The effect is not just due to the recent fracture as
157 II, 5. 6. 3 | from 2000 to 2050. This is due to the ageing of the population
158 II, 5. 6. 3 | individual and also on society due to its frequency and economic
159 II, 5. 6. 3 | of back pain is indirect due to work loss and disablement
160 II, 5. 6. 4 | major impact on society due to their frequency, chronicity
161 II, 5. 6. 4 | arthritis and osteoporosis and due to the ageing of population
162 II, 5. 6. 4 | sick leave longer than 14 days due to musculoskeletal and connective
163 II, 5. 6. 4 | people on disability pensions due to musculoskeletal and connective
164 II, 5. 6. 4 | cost for health services due to musculoskeletal conditions
165 II, 5. 6. 6 | Impact of disablement due to rheumatic disorders in
166 II, 5. 7. 3 | in Europe. This is partly due to a higher US incidence
167 II, 5. 7. 3 | 7.3). This was primarily due to the incidence rate in
168 II, 5. 7. 3 | incidence of RRT for ESRD due to glomerulonephritis/ glomerulosclerosis
169 II, 5. 7. 3 | population (pmp). This was due to a 40% increase in the
170 II, 5. 7. 3 | recipients is, at least in part, due to selection bias, the survival
171 II, 5. 7. 5 | the risk of complications due to modifiable factors is
172 II, 5. 8. 2 | compensatory ( J9 ~· due to inhalation of chemicals,
173 II, 5. 8. 2 | emphysema ( J4 )~lung diseases due to external agents ( J6 )~
174 II, 5. 8. 3 | indicate that mortality due to COPD increases with age
175 II, 5. 8. 3 | with COPD is likely to be due to other factors in addition
176 II, 5. 8. 3 | per 100 000 population are due to this disease; in Central
177 II, 5. 8. 3 | Eastern Europe lost work days due to COPD are 4300. with a
178 II, 5. 8. 3 | third of these costs were due to the treatment of COPD
179 II, 5. 8. 3 | remaining two-thirds were mainly due to admissions for other
180 II, 5. 8. 6 | care programs, partially due to the difficulty in prognosis.
181 II, 5. 8. 7 | fixed airflow obstruction due to asthma or chronic obstructive
182 II, 5. 9. FB | Europe in the last decades, due to the improved hygienic
183 II, 5. 9. 1 | comparisons are difficult due to the technical characteristics
184 II, 5. 9. 2 | Working Paper~ ~Mortality due to asthma (J45-J46 ICD9)~
185 II, 5. 9. 2 | 478.0~· Allergic rhinitis due to pollen 477.0~· Allergic
186 II, 5. 9. 2 | 477.0~· Allergic rhinitis due to other allergens 477.8~·
187 II, 5. 9. 3 | outpatient health care.~ ~Deaths due to asthma are estimated
188 II, 5. 9. 3 | worldwide. EU mortality due to asthma (death defined
189 II, 5. 9. 4 | population-attributable risk for adult asthma due to occupational exposures
190 II, 5. 9. 4 | Spain). While this may be due to variations in exposure
191 II, 5. 9. 4 | factors, and DNA modifications due to oxidative stress. Partners
192 II, 5. 10. 2 | allergy, apart from dermatitis due to ingested food (Table
193 II, 5. 10. 2 | description~ICD-9~693.1~Dermatitis due to ingested food~995.0~Anaphylactic
194 II, 5. 10. 2 | ICD-10~L27.2~Dermatitis due to ingested food~T78.0~Anaphylactic
195 II, 5. 10. 2 | T78.0~Anaphylactic shock due to adverse food reaction~
196 II, 5. 10. 3 | country to another is limited due to significant differences
197 II, 5. 10. 4 | in the clinical setting due to the low awareness of
198 II, 5. 10. 4 | over-diagnosis of FA and intolerance due to inadequate diagnostic
199 II, 5. 11. 3 | some European countries due to the increasing incidence
200 II, 5. 11. 3 | every 10-15 years), probably due in part to an increased
201 II, 5. 11. 4 | Societal impact~ ~Disability due to loss of function~Public
202 II, 5. 11. 4 | cause lack of concentration due to drowsiness.~ ~Mortality
203 II, 5. 11. 4 | and the opportunity costs due to time lost for daily topical
204 II, 5. 11. 6 | services is likely to increase due to the growing consumer
205 II, 5. 12. 1 | from cirrhosis are largely due to changes in the major
206 II, 5. 12. 3 | variation may, however, be due to changed validity of cirrhosis
207 II, 5. 12. 3 | of these changes may be due to the classification as
208 II, 5. 12. 4 | from cirrhosis are largely due to changes in the two major
209 II, 5. 12. 4 | European countries – are mainly due to recent rises in alcohol
210 II, 5. 12. 5 | Southern European countries is due to the declined prevalence
211 II, 5. 12. 6 | likely to be modest to date due to its use mainly in very
212 II, 5. 13 | costs); lost of productivity due to absenteeism and premature
213 II, 5. 14. 2 | condition is difficult, due to the scarcity of data
214 II, 5. 14. 3 | Surveillance of oral disadvantage due to functional limitation
215 II, 5. 14. 3 | professional management due to severe periodontal destruction.
216 II, 5. 15. 1 | counterbalanced by the future profits, due to the small number of affected
217 II, 5. 15. 3 | patients worldwide, usually due to a single mutation segregating
218 II, 6. 3. 1 | which could in part be due to improved surveillance.
219 II, 6. 3. 3 | HIV diagnoses in the EU is due to a steady increase in
220 II, 6. 3. 3 | This increase is largely due to the rising number of
221 II, 6. 3. 3 | per year in 2004, mainly due to outbreaks in large cities
222 II, 6. 3. 3 | the UK (17.54). However, due to the nature of the disease (
223 II, 6. 3. 4 | peak consultation rates due to influenza-like illness
224 II, 6. 3. 5 | Bacterial infections~ ~Infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (
225 II, 6. 3. 5 | sustained decrease possibly due to the introduction of the
226 II, 6. 3. 5 | European Region of the WHO.~ ~Due to the two-dose vaccination
227 II, 6. 3. 5 | 2004.~ ~This drop is mainly due to a sharp decrease in the
228 II, 6. 3. 6 | since 2004 . This could be due to improved surveillance
229 II, 6. 3. 6 | countries are complicated due to differences in the surveillance
230 II, 6. 3. 7 | typically under-reported disease due to its unspecific clinical
231 II, 6. 3. 7 | of growing concern partly due to global climate change,
232 II, 6. 3. 7 | mosquitoes from endemic areas. Due to the large number of imported
233 II, 6. 4. 3 | pandemic could be imminent, due to H5N1 or another strain,
234 II, 7. 1 | Injuries (unintentional due to “accidents” and intentional
235 II, 7. 1 | accidents” and intentional due to interpersonal violence
236 II, 7. 1 | classified as unintentional (due to accidents) and intentional (
237 II, 7. 1 | accidents) and intentional (due to self harm or interpersonal
238 II, 7. 1 | the frequency of injuries due to accidents and violence
239 II, 7. 2. 2 | Discharge Database HDD) due to injuries of several countries
240 II, 7. 2. 6 | injuries as well as injuries due to self-harm and interpersonal
241 II, 7. 2. 9 | requires further research.~ ~Due to the different definitions
242 II, 7. 3. 3 | Morbidity~ ~Hospital admissions due to accidents and injuries
243 II, 7. 3. 3 | 7.5. Hospital discharges due to injuries, EU27, 2003-
244 II, 7. 3. 3 | 500 hospital discharges due to injuries per 100 000
245 II, 7. 3. 3 | 7.3. Hospital discharge due to injuries, EU27: Minimum
246 II, 7. 3. 3 | sick leave and disability due to injuries yet, both are
247 II, 7. 3. 4 | variation between Member States due to differences in national
248 II, 7. 3. 4 | Fatalities and injured due to work-related accidents~ ~
249 II, 7. 3. 4 | Fatalities and injured due to home and leisure accidents
250 II, 7. 3. 5 | Hospital deaths and discharges due to suicide and suicide attempts
251 II, 7. 3. 5 | mortality includes deaths due to homicide, sexual assault,
252 II, 7. 3. 5 | circumstances of non-fatal injuries due to homicide, assault and
253 II, 7. 3. 5 | information on injuries due to violence of hospital
254 II, 7. 4 | sick leave and disability due to injuries. Both are important
255 II, 7. 4 | yet widely available e.g. due to a lack of reliable data
256 II, 7. 4 | lack of reliable data or due to lack of common definition.
257 II, 7. 4. 1 | every death that occurs due to injury another 50 children
258 II, 7. 4. 1 | people in this age group die due to injuries (Kumpala & Paavola
259 II, 7. 4. 2 | highest mortality rates due to injury are reported among
260 II, 7. 4. 2 | people aged 65 or older die due to an injury in the EU27.~
261 II, 7. 4. 2 | receive medical treatment due to an injury each year,
262 II, 7. 4. 3 | were affected by an injury due to falls in transport areas.~ ~
263 II, 7. 4. 4 | hospital admissions are due to sports activities (see
264 II, 7. 4. 4 | paramedical professionals is due to sports injuries in the
265 II, 7. 4. 4 | health benefits are lost due to injuries. Sport injuries
266 II, 7. 4. 7 | is heavily under-reported due to the reluctance of victims
267 II, 7. 6 | the number of fatalities due to injuries is to a large
268 II, 8. 1. 1 | deficiencies or other limitations due to aging or to sequelae
269 II, 8. 1. 3 | restrictions in work ability due to LSHPD increases with
270 II, 8. 2. 1 | estimates may vary among studies due to the different circumstances
271 II, 8. 2. 1 | treatments may be withdrawn due to behavioural issues (Fisher
272 II, 8. 2. 2 | Candidate Countries (Table 8.2) due to different assumptions
273 II, 8. 2. 2 | of the visual impairment due to uncorrected or inadequately
274 II, 8. 2. 2 | Candidate Countries (Table 8.2) due to different assumptions
275 II, 8. 2. 2 | of the visual impairment due to uncorrected or inadequately
276 II, 8. 2. 3 | disability for hearing loss due to ageing or noise exposure,
277 II, 8. 2. 3 | which excludes hearing loss due to congenital causes, infectious
278 II, 8. 2. 3 | The burden of disability due to hearing loss has been
279 II, 9 | increased risk is mostly due to the higher preterm birth
280 II, 9 | with congenital anomaly due to chronic disease status.
281 II, 9. 1. 1 | of perinatal death/deaths due to congenital anomalies~
282 II, 9. 1. 1 | nearly three-quarters - are due to conditions originating
283 II, 9. 1. 1 | remaining 25% of deaths are due, in part, to infectious
284 II, 9. 1. 2 | wider public health agenda due to their individual rarity.
285 II, 9. 1. 2 | data on infant mortality due to congenital anomalies.
286 II, 9. 1. 2 | countries in infant mortality due to congenital anomaly can
287 II, 9. 1. 2 | terminations of pregnancy due to foetal anomaly (TOPFA)
288 II, 9. 1. 2 | in the most recent years due to late case registration).
289 II, 9. 1. 2 | increase is seen to be in part due to an increase in the prevalence
290 II, 9. 1. 2 | 2.2. Perinatal mortality due to congenital anomalies,
291 II, 9. 1. 2 | 2004.~ ~Perinatal mortality due to congenital anomaly varies
292 II, 9. 1. 2 | screening and diagnosis due to cultural and organisational
293 II, 9. 1. 2 | Switzerland) of foetuses die due to the presence of a congenital
294 II, 9. 1. 2 | increased risk is mostly due to the higher preterm birth
295 II, 9. 1. 2 | with congenital anomaly due to chronic disease status.
296 II, 9. 1. 2 | experience higher risks due to deprivation, as well
297 II, 9. 1. 2 | well as some specific risks due to genetic or cultural factors.
298 II, 9. 2. 1 | and CEHAPE processes were due for report by each Member
299 II, 9. 2. 3(2) | medication use was avoided due to the marked variation
300 II, 9. 2. 3 | thought that outbreaks may be due less to lack of immunisation
301 II, 9. 2. 3 | over the last two decades. Due to under–reporting, the
302 II, 9. 2. 5 | health has been limited due to the fact that Member
303 II, 9. 3. 1 | prostate cancer is increasing due to an ageing population,
304 II, 9. 3. 1 | before the age of 65) is due mainly to cardiovascular
305 II, 9. 3. 1 | men aged 15-34 as deaths due to pulmonary embolism, heart
306 II, 9. 3. 1 | remain untreated are at risk due to the progressive nature
307 II, 9. 3. 1 | mass at menopause can be due to insufficient bone acquisition
308 II, 9. 3. 1 | of cells during menopause due to oestrogen depletion.
309 II, 9. 3. 1 | The causes are mainly due to either prostate problems
310 II, 9. 3. 1 | the total concentration due to altered Sex Hormone Binding
311 II, 9. 3. 1 | be more difficult – not due to lack of will, but because
312 II, 9. 3. 2 | and indirect (death is due to a cause which preceded
313 II, 9. 3. 3 | sexual violence, however, due to the chosen age group
314 II, 9. 4. 1 | experience severe difficulties due to ill-health. Furthermore,
315 II, 9. 4. 5 | to consider that, partly due to the changes in family
316 II, 9. 4. 5 | women. Social isolation due to widowhood or divorce
317 II, 9. 4. 5 | disability as they age, mostly due to the presence of multiple
318 II, 9. 4. 6 | of the ageing process or due to a chronic illness (Mukaetova-Ladinska,
319 II, 9. 5. 1 | mortality in men seem to be due to differences in gender
320 II, 9. 5. 2 | health services. The Report , due to be published in 2008,
321 II, 9. 5. 3 | old age is likely to be due to the greater longevity
322 II, 9. 5. 3 | are particularly affected due to their biological potential
323 II, 9. 5. 3 | may be at a higher risk due to lower body weight and
324 II, 9. 5. 3 | 1990), but this may be due to social experience and
325 II, 9. 5. 3 | Schneekloth and Müller, 2000). Due to the higher life expectancy
326 II, 9. 5. 3 | the percentage inactive due to family responsibilities
327 II, 9. 5. 6 | in the EU27 is inactive due to family responsibilities.
328 III, 10. 1 | address them in analysis. Due to the high complexity of
329 III, 10. 1 | premature mortality) was due to environmental factors (
330 III, 10. 1 | at high risk of injuries due to environmental factors.
331 III, 10. 1. 1 | and energy intake may be due to the fact that behavioural
332 III, 10. 1. 1 | violence is weak – partly due to publication bias and
333 III, 10. 2. 1 | can yield variable data, due to the lack of standardisation
334 III, 10. 2. 1 | comparability is limited due to the lack of standardization
335 III, 10. 2. 1 | will probably increase in due time to reflect the current
336 III, 10. 2. 1 | overall prevalence, but mainly due to the decrease of smoking
337 III, 10. 2. 1 | These cancers are mainly due to smoking (European Communities,
338 III, 10. 2. 1 | Communities, 2002).~Mortality due to COPD (see Chapter 5.7)
339 III, 10. 2. 1 | decrease in exposure on ETS due to anti-smoking interventions,
340 III, 10. 2. 1 | the loss of human capital due to smoking attributable
341 III, 10. 2. 1 | those will repeatedly fail, due to the addictive power of
342 III, 10. 2. 1 | its availability. Finally, due to societal and cultural
343 III, 10. 2. 1 | available to other countries, due to societal and cultural
344 III, 10. 2. 1 | This increase is mainly due to three TCS subscales:
345 III, 10. 2. 1 | large trans-border sales due to low taxes on alcohol).~ ~
346 III, 10. 2. 1 | the protective effect is due to a systematic misclassification
347 III, 10. 2. 1 | systematic misclassification due to the inclusion as ‘abstainers’
348 III, 10. 2. 1 | cancer deaths~- 17,000 deaths due to neuropsychiatric conditions~-
349 III, 10. 2. 1 | in the European Union is due to alcohol, placing alcohol
350 III, 10. 2. 1 | The burden of ill-health due to alcohol is disproportionally
351 III, 10. 2. 1 | harm to young people is due to the importance of intentional
352 III, 10. 2. 1 | finds this to be mainly due to liver cirrhosis and alcohol-related
353 III, 10. 2. 1 | production not realised due to absenteeism, unemployment
354 III, 10. 2. 1 | potential (e.g. heroin), mainly due to sampling frame-related
355 III, 10. 2. 1 | problem opioids users (POUs), due to various reasons (e.g.
356 III, 10. 2. 1 | of HCV markers, possibly due to differences in vaccination
357 III, 10. 2. 1(14)| countries still include cases due to psychoactive medicines
358 III, 10. 2. 1 | people.~ ~Overdose deaths due to cocaine are difficult
359 III, 10. 2. 1 | disease to be confirmed, due to a lack of perspective
360 III, 10. 2. 1 | health is improving, possibly due to the improved dental hygiene
361 III, 10. 2. 1 | Office for Europe, 2007b). ~ ~Due to the fact that physical activity
362 III, 10. 2. 1 | costs); lost of productivity due to absenteeism and premature
363 III, 10. 2. 1 | countries was difficult, due to their use of different
364 III, 10. 2. 1 | within-subject variations due to random measurement errors
365 III, 10. 2. 1 | cases of type 2 diabetes are due to excess body weight; overweight
366 III, 10. 2. 1 | of biological processes due to its role as a donator
367 III, 10. 2. 1 | vitamin B12 deficiency, partly due to the high prevalence of
368 III, 10. 2. 1 | iron losses for example due to bleeding, low intakes
369 III, 10. 2. 1 | to bleeding, low intakes due to small contents in food
370 III, 10. 2. 1 | folate is generally adequate due to a high consumption of
371 III, 10. 2. 1 | micronutrient supply are low intakes due to dieting or nutritional
372 III, 10. 2. 4 | early detection of illnesses due to the availability of “
373 III, 10. 2. 4 | understanding of diseases, due to novel genome-based knowledge:~ ~·
374 III, 10. 2. 4 | rare in the one case (e.g., due to MC4R mutant and being
375 III, 10. 2. 4 | common in the other case (due to environmental factors).~ ~
376 III, 10. 2. 5 | neurodevelopment during foetal life, due to malnutrition, increases
377 III, 10. 2. 5 | Foetal malnutrition can be due to maternal malnutrition (
378 III, 10. 2. 5 | combined with plasma albumin, due to a reduction of plasma
379 III, 10. 2. 5 | year after 40 years of age) due to a reduced number of nefrons;
380 III, 10. 2. 5 | metabolism of xenobiotics, due to a reduction of competent
381 III, 10. 3. 1 | years lost in a population due to premature mortality or
382 III, 10. 3. 1 | in a non-harmonised way. Due to differences in methodologies
383 III, 10. 3. 1 | are regional differences due to the presence of radon.
384 III, 10. 3. 1 | populations. This is probably due to more frequent, intermittent,
385 III, 10. 3. 1 | these fields is increasing due to new and emerging technologies.~ ~
386 III, 10. 3. 1 | or air traffic). However, due to differences in the measurement
387 III, 10. 3. 1 | estimated the burden of disease due to noise exposure (Knol
388 III, 10. 3. 1 | and cardiovascular disease due to noise exposure is considerable
389 III, 10. 3. 1 | overall burden of ill health due to noise in Europe has not
390 III, 10. 3. 1 | children, hearing impairment due to leisure noise, tinnitus,
391 III, 10. 3. 1 | significant increase in exposure due to natural radiation sources (
392 III, 10. 3. 2 | chemical industry but also due to hazardous substances
393 III, 10. 3. 2 | Rh. Pd/Rh catalysts that, due to costs, are being increasingly
394 III, 10. 3. 2 | amounts of suspended matter due to flooding.~Levels for
395 III, 10. 3. 2 | Research Centre (2006). ~ ~ ~Due to the lack of good exposure
396 III, 10. 3. 2 | now seem to be decreasing due to ban of penta- and octa-derivatives
397 III, 10. 3. 2 | that this difference is due to obligatory treatment
398 III, 10. 3. 3 | which could in part be due to improved surveillance
399 III, 10. 3. 4 | related deaths. Damages due to sea-level rise in the
400 III, 10. 3. 4 | public-health response was due to a lack of experts, limited
401 III, 10. 3. 4 | likely to have occurred due to human influence on the
402 III, 10. 3. 4 | cooperation in response, due to expected increased risk
403 III, 10. 4. 1 | estimated health damage due to PM2.5 and the effect
404 III, 10. 4. 1 | Estimated health damage due to PM2.5 in the EU 2000
405 III, 10. 4. 1 | died prematurely in 2000 due to outdoor air pollution
406 III, 10. 4. 1 | halve the health impact due to PM between 2000 and 2020,
407 III, 10. 4. 2 | crisis in confidence due to the lack of functional
408 III, 10. 4. 2 | identify vulnerabilities due to eating habits. High consumption
409 III, 10. 4. 2 | trichinellosis~• tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis;
410 III, 10. 4. 2 | safety and quality of foods. Due to reasons related to sampling,
411 III, 10. 4. 2 | important zoonosis in humans due to the severity of the disease.
412 III, 10. 4. 2 | in humans, but relevant due to severity of the diseases.
413 III, 10. 4. 2 | positive list~No problem, due to~admission policy~Admission
414 III, 10. 4. 2 | transfer (SCNT) is low. This is due to incomplete or inappropriate
415 III, 10. 4. 3 | the water supply systems due to missing or faulty disinfecting
416 III, 10. 4. 3 | under 14 years die annually due to poor water conditions (
417 III, 10. 4. 3 | children under 5 years of age due to diarrheal diseases in
418 III, 10. 4. 5 | limited health risks; in fact, due to investments in waste
419 III, 10. 4. 5 | faecal material, for instance due to inadequate sewage treatment
420 III, 10. 4. 5 | faecal material, for instance due to inadequate sewage treatment
421 III, 10. 4. 5 | waste-related exposures with those due to other sources of pollution.~ ~
422 III, 10. 4. 5 | considerably over the past years, due to the progress in investigation,
423 III, 10. 4. 5 | variations within a country, due to changes in wastes generated
424 III, 10. 4. 5 | SEE countries is growing due to the increase in economic
425 III, 10. 4. 5 | generation statistics are due varying classification in
426 III, 10. 4. 5 | considerably over the past years, due to the progress in investigation,
427 III, 10. 4. 5 | importance. This may be due to the lack of specific
428 III, 10. 4. 5 | the soil media, but also due to the wider dispersion
429 III, 10. 4. 5 | remediation activities. This is due to the limited applicability
430 III, 10. 4. 5 | requires further investigations due to the large population
431 III, 10. 4. 5 | development (EEA, 2007b).~ ~Due to economic and logistical
432 III, 10. 4. 5 | adverse effects on health due to nuisance (smell, noise,
433 III, 10. 4. 5 | related exposures with those due to other sources of pollution.
434 III, 10. 5. 1 | in humans (legionellosis) due to the inhalation of droplets
435 III, 10. 5. 1 | indoor particulates may be due to infiltration from outdoor
436 III, 10. 5. 1 | barriers to access care, due to discrimination, appointment
437 III, 10. 5. 2 | the new EU members state. Due to these limitations, the
438 III, 10. 5. 2 | Figure 10.5.2.3. Complaints due to air pollution in urban
439 III, 10. 5. 3 | workers are absent from work due to health problems at least
440 III, 10. 5. 3 | agriculture report sick leave due to health problems the percentage
441 III, 10. 5. 3 | from work in last 12 month due to health problems~ ~Production
442 III, 10. 5. 3 | caused by absence from work due to diseases and by reduced
443 III, 10. 5. 3 | by reduced productivity due to sickness. Production
444 III, 10. 5. 3 | a year, of which 62% was due to healthcare (€105 billion),
445 III, 10. 5. 3 | losses (€ 35 billion) and 17% due to informal care (€ 29 billion)
446 III, 10. 5. 3 | 2005). These are primarily due to reduced productivity
447 III, 10. 5. 3 | European countries43. However, due to the heterogeneity of
448 III, 10. 5. 3 | of the compensation was due to only 5 disease groups.
449 III, 10. 5. 3 | people aged 15 or more~ ~ ~Due to non-response, certain
450 III, 10. 5. 3 | potentially 5 € could be saved due to reduced absenteeism costs.
451 III, 10. 5. 3 | proposals in new areas of action due to the changing world of
452 III, 10. 6. 2 | distribution similar to those due to education (Figure 10.
453 III, 10. 6. 2 | were in their turn mostly due to faster mortality declines
454 III, 10. 6. 2 | disease mortality. This was due to improvements in health-conducive
455 III, 10. 6. 2 | among men. This is probably due to a combination of (interlinked)
456 III, 10. 6. 2 | accessing conventional services due to physical or mental disability
457 III, 10. 6. 2 | school non-attendance rates due to illness. Pupils who are
458 III, 10. 6. 3 | circumstances of non-fatal injuries due to homicide, assault and
459 III, 10. 6. 3 | is heavily under-reported due to the reluctance of victims
460 IV, 11. 1. 1 | inevitably vary across countries, due to cultural, technical,
461 IV, 11. 1. 3 | quickly than national income due to the limited constraints
462 IV, 11. 1. 5 | et al, 2000). Moreover, due to differences in the way
463 IV, 11. 1. 5 | quality of care, is largely due to the wide diversity in
464 IV, 11. 1. 5 | changes in health status due to provided or not provided
465 IV, 11. 1. 5 | results to the population (due to survey design), and potential
466 IV, 11. 1. 6 | Austria and France could be due to the lack of choice permitted
467 IV, 11. 3. 1 | are slightly inaccurate due to the potential inclusion
468 IV, 11. 3. 1 | overcome, in particular due to the EU harmonization
469 IV, 11. 3. 2 | HFA 2007). This could be due to cost containment efforts
470 IV, 11. 3. 2 | generalizability’ of the results due to context-specific factors,
471 IV, 11. 3. 2 | classified as confidential due to ongoing procedures or
472 IV, 11. 5. 1 | recipient and time constraints due to ischemia of organs. Despite
473 IV, 11. 5. 4 | explained. They are probably due to a complex mix of cultural,
474 IV, 11. 5. 4 | that many donors are lost due to lack of evaluation, lack
475 IV, 11. 5. 4 | living organ donation can be due to multiple factors, including
476 IV, 11. 5. 4 | not ideal donor candidates due to positive serology, congenital
477 IV, 11. 5. 6 | time. This improvement is due to the progress made in
478 IV, 11. 6. 2 | expenditure is not always evident due to the way in which OECD
479 IV, 11. 6. 2 | revenue. This may in part be due to the widespread use of
480 IV, 11. 6. 2 | out-of-pocket payments may be due to an increase in cost sharing
481 IV, 11. 6. 2 | underestimated in many countries due to the difficulty in collecting
482 IV, 11. 6. 3 | to be slightly regressive due to indirect taxes, with
483 IV, 11. 6. 3 | are seen in Germany: (1) due to varying health risks,
484 IV, 11. 6. 3 | effective in a tax-funded system due to limited income equalization
485 IV, 12. 1 | mortality and morbidity due to communicable diseases.~
486 IV, 12. 5 | care and health policy. Due to its fundamental approach
487 IV, 12. 10 | who have been arrested due to the consumption of illegal
488 IV, 12. 10 | environment against damages due to ionising and non-ionising
489 IV, 12. 10 | Volatile Organic Compounds due to the Use of Organic Solvents
490 IV, 12. 10 | lifestyles. A 2008 edition is due out later this year.~ ~COUNTRY:
491 IV, 12. 10 | smoking also more generally due to the restricted possibilities
492 IV, 13. 2. 1 | quantify the health loss due to different diseases or
493 IV, 13. 2. 1 | equivalent to half a year lost due to premature death. In this
494 IV, 13. 2. 1 | risk factor). DALYs lost due to a particular cause (disease
495 IV, 13. 2. 2 | Furthermore, the health loss due to exposures from the physical
496 IV, 13. 2. 2 | amounting to one fifth of DALYs due to health conditions. In
497 IV, 13. 2. 3 | of total disease burden due to tobacco use, 10.9% attributable
498 IV, 13. 2. 3 | Burden of disease in 2000 due to selected health determinants
499 IV, 13. 2. 3 | premature mortality were due to environmental factors.
500 IV, 13. 2. 3 | higher risk of injuries due to environmental factors.
