Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 2 | have accelerated again. The increase continued irrespective of
2 I, 2. 2 | as on supply. The 17.5% increase of international tourist
3 I, 2. 2 | improving service quality to increase competitiveness. The same
4 I, 2. 2 | in the years ahead could increase this danger. In particular,
5 I, 2. 4 | important are the steps to increase population coverage, address
6 I, 2. 5 | patterns (new technology, increase of the service sector) as
7 I, 2. 5 | teaching and there has been an increase in delivering health and
8 I, 2. 5 | Unemployment rates will likely increase due to the current economic
9 I, 2. 5 | workers (aged 55 to 65) will increase by almost 9% from 2005 to
10 I, 2. 5 | countries took steps to increase retirement age, but nonetheless
11 I, 2. 5 | highlights the EU’s commitment to increase the number of older people
12 I, 2. 5 | Studies have showed that an increase in work-related stress also
13 I, 2. 5 | have been matched by an increase in employees’ autonomy over
14 I, 2. 5 | Non-standard working times increase the risk of cardiovascular
15 I, 2. 5 | measures seem necessary to increase coverage currently at 50-
16 I, 2. 5 | also need to adapt to the increase in life expectancy. With
17 I, 2. 6 | Considering the large increase of life expectancy and the
18 I, 2. 7 | this figure is expected to increase to almost 5 billion (UNFPA,
19 I, 2. 7 | these cities will further increase to a population of 23 million,
20 I, 2. 7 | options, which would also increase efficiency of those trips
21 I, 2. 8 | fuel for domestic use may increase the public health effects.
22 I, 2. 8 | until after 2020, when some increase may be necessary to meet
23 I, 2. 9 | events are projected to increase in frequency and magnitude,
24 I, 2. 9 | and 5.5 % for every 1 °C increase in temperature above a location–
25 I, 2. 9 | diseases are expected to increase in the near future. The
26 I, 2. 10. 4| continue to significantly increase over the next years. The
27 I, 2. 10. 4| billion globally in 2010, an increase of more than 90% from 200515.~ ~
28 I, 2. 10. 4| global standardisation would increase the efficiency throughout
29 I, 2. 10. 4| healthcare supply chain will increase significantly. Identification
30 I, 3. 1 | at first birth started to increase sharply, whilst the TFR
31 I, 3. 1 | due to the fact that the increase in the age at first birth
32 I, 3. 1 | educated women, the mere increase in the number of women with
33 I, 3. 1 | TFRs, suggests that some increase in period TFRs may occur.
34 I, 3. 1 | levels off, period TFRs may increase, at least as long as the
35 I, 3. 2 | of the total population increase in EU Member States, whereas
36 I, 3. 2 | rates of natural population increase are still larger than those
37 I, 3. 2 | Figure 3.3. Natural increase rate and migration rate (
38 I, 3. 2 | still) have a high natural increase. The 12 new Member States
39 I, 3. 2 | negative rate of natural increase. Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary
40 I, 3. 3 | or even negative natural increase (excess of deaths over births).
41 I, 3. 3 | those of older persons will increase. While the number of youngsters
42 I, 3. 3 | old-age dependency ratios increase, varying from 0.3% for the
43 I, 3. 3 | values, all ratios will increase in the coming decades. Nevertheless,
44 I, 3. 3 | some variation. Whereas the increase is relatively low for Sweden,
45 I, 3. 3 | old-age-dependency ratios will increase by 2.3% per year. The countries
46 II, 4. 1 | about 75. For women the increase was from 77 to 81. The figures
47 II, 4. 1 | limitations dramatically increase the risk of becoming dependent
48 II, 4. 1 | suggested a slightly slower increase in the number of years without
49 II, 4. 1 | limitations dramatically increase the risk of losing independence
50 II, 4. 1 | the EU27 had the largest increase in male life expectancy
51 II, 4. 1 | national health goals are to increase the quality and years of
52 II, 4. 2 | become the main cause of the increase in life expectancy, this
53 II, 4. 2 | different causes of death to the increase in life expectancy at birth
54 II, 4. 2 | sexes. For men, the rate of increase has risen over time. Life
55 II, 4. 2 | For women, the rate of increase in the 1980s (1.9 years)
56 II, 4. 2 | similarly to men the highest increase was observed in the 1990s (
57 II, 4. 2 | contribution of age groups to the increase in life expectancy at birth
58 II, 4. 2 | contributed the most to the increase in life expectancy at birth:
59 II, 4. 2 | for men one third of the increase in life expectancy and for
60 II, 4. 2 | an important cause of the increase in life expectancy, but
61 II, 4. 2 | elderly contributed to the increase in life expectancy. For
62 II, 4. 2 | almost one fourth to the increase in life expectancy at birth,
63 II, 4. 2 | contributed one third of the total increase in life expectancy. In the
64 II, 4. 2 | oldest age groups to the increase in life expectancy at birth
65 II, 4. 2 | large: one fifth of the increase for men was caused by the
66 II, 4. 2 | contributed most to the increase in life expectancy in the
67 II, 4. 2 | have a large impact on the increase in life expectancy in the
68 II, 4. 2 | only a small impact on the increase in life expectancy in all
69 II, 4. 2 | In most countries, the increase in life expectancy was mainly
70 II, 4. 2 | largest contribution to the increase in life expectancy can be
71 II, 4. 2 | selected causes of death to the increase in life expectancy at birth
72 II, 4. 2 | disease caused 40% of the increase in life expectancy. The
73 II, 4. 2 | considerable part of the increase in life expectancy could
74 II, 4. 2 | most important cause of the increase in life expectancy for men.
75 II, 4. 2 | started to contribute to the increase in life expectancy. Whereas
76 II, 4. 2 | contributed almost 60% to the increase in life expectancy in the
77 II, 4. 2 | related cancer continued to increase for women in contrast with
78 II, 4. 2 | among women continued to increase (or stagnated at very high
79 II, 4. 2 | contributed most to the increase in life expectancy since
80 II, 4. 2 | a smaller impact on the increase in life expectancy than
81 II, 4. 2 | similar. The main cause of the increase in life expectancy since
82 II, 4. 2 | and its share in the total increase in life expectancy at birth.
83 II, 4. 2 | caused more than half of the increase in life expectancy; the
84 II, 4. 2 | even larger than the total increase in life expectancy.~ ~Table
85 II, 4. 2 | become the main cause of the increase in life expectancy at birth
86 II, 4. 2 | 17 selected countries the increase in life expectancy at 65
87 II, 4. 2 | in several countries, the increase in life expectancy for the
88 II, 4. 2 | whereas in all countries the increase for women in the 1980s was
89 II, 4. 2 | men. Also after 2000 the increase for women appears to be
90 II, 4. 2 | but in recent years the increase for men is larger than that
91 II, 4. 2 | rather low, the rate of increase has been higher than in
92 II, 4. 2 | with the average annual increase in life expectancy since
93 II, 4. 2 | in 1970 and the average increase (Fig. 4.2.2). This indicates
94 II, 4. 2 | higher, the average annual increase is .02 lower. This implies
95 II, 4. 2 | 1970 and the annual average increase since 1970, women~ ~For
96 II, 4. 2 | 1970 and the annual average increase since 1970, men.~ ~If Eastern
97 II, 4. 2 | expectancy in 1970 and the increase since 1970 for menl (Figure
98 II, 4. 2 | 1970 and the annual average increase since 1970, excluding Eastern
99 II, 4. 2 | 1970 and the annual average increase since 1970, excluding Eastern
100 II, 5. 1. 1| have been found to both increase the risk of but also protect
101 II, 5. 1. 1| to be associated with an increase of food allergy because
102 II, 5. 2. 1| number of CVD is expected to increase within the next few decades,
103 II, 5. 2. 1| population, which will lead to an increase in the health burden of
104 II, 5. 2. 1| burden of CVD and consequent increase in economic costs. Therefore,
105 II, 5. 2. 1| need to cope with costs increase and make CVD prevention
106 II, 5. 2. 3| in women and percentages increase with age. IHD patterns showed
107 II, 5. 2. 3| there has been a notable increase in the number of hospitalizations
108 II, 5. 2. 3| have seen significant rate increase since the 90s. Central Eastern
109 II, 5. 2. 3| disability. A continuous increase was noticed in Eastern European
110 II, 5. 2. 3| CT-Scan, may have led to an increase in the number of diagnosed
111 II, 5. 2. 3| have seen a dramatically increase in stroke mortality for
112 II, 5. 2. 3| psycho-social stress may explain the increase in mortality.~ ~
113 II, 5. 2. 5| believed that risk factors increase with age, but severe atherosclerosis,
114 II, 5. 2. 6| smoking among men and prevent increase among women as health benefits
115 II, 5. 2. 6| 2001). Also an isolated increase in SBP is associated to
116 II, 5. 3. 5| countries. In fact, the increase of incidence rates in Western,
117 II, 5. 3. 6| childhood cancer will inevitably increase.~ ~
118 II, 5. 3. 6| 1995–99 showed a survival increase for colorectal and breast
119 II, 5. 3. 8| increasing, because European increase of life expectancy makes
120 II, 5. 3. 8| investments the problem of the increase in prevalent cancer cases (
121 II, 5. 4. 1| disease, with a worldwide increase in incidence being consistently
122 II, 5. 4. 1| overweight and obesity. With the increase of people of all age groups
123 II, 5. 4. 1| with an expected 21 % increase to 9.1% (about 58.6 million
124 II, 5. 4. 1| States, equivalent to an increase of 1.0% in only 3 years.
125 II, 5. 4. 1| prevalence of 7.5%, estimated to increase up to 8.0% in 2025.~Another
126 II, 5. 4. 2| indicators (e.g. blood pressure increase by classes of age), but
127 II, 5. 4. 2| Nevertheless, HDRs may considerably increase information content on diabetes
128 II, 5. 4. 3| study group. 2007). A steady increase of the incidence has been
129 II, 5. 4. 3| and sexes, the rates of increase were 6.3% (4.1-8.5%) for
130 II, 5. 4. 6| governments. Due to the great increase of obesity, the dither prevalence
131 II, 5. 4. 6| Member States;~2. help to increase the coherence of actions
132 II, 5. 5.Int| older people, but rates increase with age, doubling every
133 II, 5. 5.Int| Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) increase in women but not in men19.
134 II, 5. 5. 1| childhood and adolescence increase the risk for depression
135 II, 5. 5. 1| ten years, and most of the increase is due to indirect costs (
136 II, 5. 5. 1| as lack of social support increase the risk of anxiety disorders (
137 II, 5. 5. 2| from 1960 to 2005. This increase is linked to the general
138 II, 5. 5. 2| the total population, the increase was from 0.44% to 1.25% (
139 II, 5. 5. 2| have been found to both increase the risk of but also protect
140 II, 5. 5. 2| ageing population and the increase in numbers of people affected
141 II, 5. 5. 2| influenced and which further increase the risk of developing dementia
142 II, 5. 5. 3| whereas the highest and linear increase among 15-24-year-old females
143 II, 5. 5. 3| whereas the highest and linear increase among 15-24-year-old females
144 II, 5. 5. 3| significant and threshold increase in bulimia for 10-39-year-old
145 II, 5. 5. 3| of age with a continuous increase from 54 years on in Hungary,
146 II, 5. 5. 3| co-workers found a significant increase in the more recent years
147 II, 5. 5. 3| factors like migration;~· to increase research on mental health-care
148 II, 5. 5. 3| Disorders seem to be on the increase as evidenced by several
149 II, 5. 5. 3| EU countrie, and thereby increase the chance of identifying
150 II, 5. 5. 3| children with ASD could increase the effectiveness of their
151 II, 5. 5. 3| epilepsy is expected to increase due to the greater longevity
152 II, 5. 5. 3| the younger age groups and increase in the elderly. These findings
153 II, 5. 5. 3| in infancy and tends to increase thereafter, with the highest
154 II, 5. 5. 3| associated with a 4-fold increase in the risk of suicide in
155 II, 5. 5. 3| that carbamazepine could increase the risk of SUDEP by causing
156 II, 5. 5. 3| northern Sweden showed an increase of prevalence from 125 in
157 II, 5. 5. 3| population. The threefold increase of MS prevalence up to 119
158 II, 5. 5. 3| prevalence and the reported increase over time in the mainland
159 II, 5. 5. 3| past 30 years. The 4-fold increase in Malta’s prevalence rate
160 II, 5. 5. 3| over time and a temporal increase of prevalence and incidence
161 II, 5. 5. 3| time after MS onset will increase the disease burden due to
162 II, 5. 5. 3| studies found a 1.5-2-fold increase, but these findings were
163 II, 5. 5. 3| Standardisation of methodologies would increase the comparability and the
164 II, 5. 5. 3| the cost of PD markedly increase with disease progression,
165 II, 5. 5. 3| of the disease. A similar increase of costs with increasing
166 II, 5. 5. 3| developments~ ~Based on the increase of the elderly population
167 II, 5. 5. 3| disorders including PD will increase considerably. In a study
168 II, 5. 6. 1| conditions is predicted to increase dramatically with the ageing
169 II, 5. 6. 1| physical activity will also increase the burden. This great and
170 II, 5. 6. 3| fall and then gradually increase over the subsequent years
171 II, 5. 6. 3| side, RA is expected to increase in the next 10 years in
172 II, 5. 6. 3| tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility
173 II, 5. 6. 3| fracture to continue to increase after the age of 70 among
174 II, 5. 6. 3| 2003). There is a steep increase in the proportion that has
175 II, 5. 6. 3| There has been a reported increase in prevalence in the UK
176 II, 5. 6. 3| could lead to an enormous increase in the burden.~ ~
177 II, 5. 6. 4| negligible. The direct costs will increase with more expensive and
178 II, 5. 6. 4| society is predicted to increase dramatically. Many of these
179 II, 5. 6. 4| physical activity will also increase the burden.~ ~ ~
180 II, 5. 7. 3| stability of CKD versus a marked increase in ESRD was noticed in a
181 II, 5. 7. 3| there was a consistent increase in incidence rates in virtually
182 II, 5. 7. 3| was mainly driven by an increase in the incidence rates of
183 II, 5. 7. 3| resulted in a concomitant increase in the prevalence of RRT
184 II, 5. 7. 3| This was due to a 40% increase in the 15-64 age group and
185 II, 5. 7. 3| group and a more than 130% increase in the 65+ age group. In
186 II, 5. 7. 3| there was a consistent increase in incidence rates in virtually
187 II, 5. 7. 3| was mainly driven by an increase in the incidence rates of
188 II, 5. 7. 3| resulted in a concomitant increase in the prevalence of RRT
189 II, 5. 7. 6| lower, it is important to increase organ donation rates. Some
190 II, 5. 8. 3| of COPD was estimated to increase by 40% in males and 140%
191 II, 5. 8. 3| 2020. The reasons for this increase are attributable to the
192 II, 5. 8. 4| exposed individuals. Some increase in the incidence of chronic
193 II, 5. 8. 5| actions are not promoted, an increase is expected in the proportion
194 II, 5. 8. 5| cessation, patients showed an increase of 47 ml FEV1, compared
195 II, 5. 8. 5| soliciting a global effort to increase COPD awareness (Bousquet
196 II, 5. 9. FB| development. The dramatic increase of the incidence of allergic
197 II, 5. 9. FB| conditions, causes a significant increase of the incidence of allergic
198 II, 5. 9. FB| Great Britain reported an increase prevalence of atopic symptoms
199 II, 5. 9. FB| subsequent asthma, showed a 50% increase in relative risk (RR 1.5,
200 II, 5. 9. FB| industrialized countries, the increase in the prevalence of allergic
201 II, 5. 9. 1| medical resource usage may increase in patients with asthma
202 II, 5. 9. 1| of asthma is on a steady increase (Holgate et al, 2006). Changes
203 II, 5. 9. 3| and showed a generational increase (incident rate ratio = 2.
204 II, 5. 9. 3| Portugal, which has reported an increase in prevalence during the
205 II, 5. 9. 3| prevalence rates~A substantial increase in asthma prevalence has
206 II, 5. 9. 4| Data show a significant increase in cases of allergic respiratory
207 II, 5. 9. 4| were consistently found to increase the allergen-specific IgE
208 II, 5. 9. 5| the reasons for the recent increase in the frequency and severity
209 II, 5. 9. 6| allergic rhinitis and asthma, increase the awareness of the socio-economical
210 II, 5. 10. 3| parallel to the well documented increase in the prevalence of atopy (
211 II, 5. 10. 5| undergone is not likely to increase the level of allergenicity
212 II, 5. 10. 6| allergens in foods that could increase sensitivity and possibly
213 II, 5. 10. 6| susceptible consumers is a must to increase food choice and the quality
214 II, 5. 10. 7| Aromaa A, Haahtela T (2002): Increase of allergen-specific immunoglobulin
215 II, 5. 11. 3| of skin diseases tends to increase with age, and there is hardly
216 II, 5. 11. 3| precise reasons for this increase in disease is not known
217 II, 5. 11. 5| good practice and ways to increase access to environmental
218 II, 5. 11. 6| skin services is likely to increase due to the growing consumer
219 II, 5. 12. 1| al, 1994). A substantial increase in cirrhosis mortality over
220 II, 5. 12. 2| direction or in the rate of increase/decrease). The estimated
221 II, 5. 12. 4| major determinant of the increase of mortality from cirrhosis.~ ~
222 II, 5. 12. 5| education policies in order to increase social acceptability of
223 II, 5. 12. 6| the future is likely to increase its role in the treatment
224 II, 5. 13 | this amount will further increase given the rising obesity
225 II, 6. 3. 2| in view of the general increase in MRSA, which occurs throughout
226 II, 6. 3. 3| with a particularly marked increase seen in the UK and in the
227 II, 6. 3. 3| the EU is due to a steady increase in HIV infections diagnosed
228 II, 6. 3. 3| 1996 to 6 386 in 2004. This increase is largely due to the rising
229 II, 6. 3. 3| efforts must be made to increase testing uptake; thus, ECDC
230 II, 6. 3. 3| per year in 2004, but this increase may possibly be a surveillance
231 II, 6. 3. 4| countries experienced an increase or stabilisation in their
232 II, 6. 3. 4| 2005) and will effectively increase total notifications in the
233 II, 6. 3. 4| indigenous population, rates increase slowly with age and are
234 II, 6. 3. 5| past five years, but a slow increase was observed in the Netherlands,
235 II, 6. 3. 5| 10 years, with a slight increase between 2001 and 2003. The
236 II, 6. 3. 6| difficult to decide whether an increase in reported incidence reflects
237 II, 6. 3. 6| incidence reflects a genuine increase or simply the improved detection.
238 II, 6. 3. 6| cruise ships are on the increase, but it should be noted
239 II, 6. 3. 6| more recently, though this increase could be a result of better
240 II, 6. 3. 6| have reported a 5% or more increase in incidence since 2004 .
241 II, 6. 3. 7| in the years ahead could increase this danger.~This is a wide
242 II, 6. 3. 7| years, there has been an increase of cases every third year.
243 II, 6. 4. 2| operating the IT tool.~To increase the comparability of the
244 II, 6. 4. 5| agents. These include: a) increase the importance of this phenomenon
245 II, 7. 4. 2| European Union population will increase by a factor of two between
246 II, 7. 4. 2| and 2050, a significant increase in fatal and non-fatal traumatic
247 II, 9 | adverse outcomes begins to increase at approximately 35 years
248 II, 9 | positive health experiences’ increase for those with higher levels
249 II, 9 | extent a low-quality diet, increase mortality risk. A healthy
250 II, 9 | to a three- to four-fold increase in mortality risk. The risk
251 II, 9 | structure and overcrowding increase the risks of accidents and
252 II, 9. 1. 2| There has been a slight increase in recent years in the overall
253 II, 9. 1. 2| case registration). This increase is seen to be in part due
254 II, 9. 1. 2| to be in part due to an increase in the prevalence of congenital
255 II, 9. 1. 2| advanced maternal age. The increase in average maternal age
256 II, 9. 1. 2| 2.2 shows the resulting increase in the total prevalence
257 II, 9. 1. 2| per 1 000 births as the increase in TOPFA has outweighed
258 II, 9. 1. 2| TOPFA has outweighed the increase in maternal age. In 2000-
259 II, 9. 1. 2| than 20 years). A strong increase in gastroschisis prevalence
260 II, 9. 1. 2| rates are lower and an increase in prevalence has not been
261 II, 9. 1. 2| adverse outcomes begins to increase at approximately 35 years
262 II, 9. 2. 3| among boys and girls, and to increase slightly between 11 and
263 II, 9. 2. 3| Agency warned of a dramatic increase in the number of cases in
264 II, 9. 2. 3| women has also led to an increase in the transmission of the
265 II, 9. 2. 3| growing crisis with the rapid increase in obesity in the population.
266 II, 9. 2. 3| threatened by the rapid increase of child obesity. At the
267 II, 9. 2. 3| childhood years, including an increase in type two diabetes(see
268 II, 9. 2. 5| Rights of the Child~- To increase cooperation with stakeholders~-
269 II, 9. 3. 1| in quality of life and an increase in the risk for illnesses
270 II, 9. 3. 1| followed by a near fourfold increase in the median death rate
271 II, 9. 3. 1| is a significantly steady increase in Hungary and Lithuania,
272 II, 9. 3. 1| diabetes is expected to increase by 21% in the European Region
273 II, 9. 3. 1| according to the IDF Atlas. This increase will be largely driven by
274 II, 9. 3. 1| women has also led to an increase in the transmission of the
275 II, 9. 3. 1| There has been a marginal increase in Austria, Germany, Hungary,
276 II, 9. 3. 1| and a more significant increase in Slovenia and the UK (
277 II, 9. 3. 1| HPA) recorded a dramatic increase in the number of cases,
278 II, 9. 3. 1| Since the mid 1990s, an increase in the cases of gonorrhoea
279 II, 9. 3. 1| example, experienced a 35% increase in male cases and a 32%
280 II, 9. 3. 1| expectancy does not bring an increase in the time spent with severe
281 II, 9. 3. 1| climacteric. They begin to increase in the menopausal transition,
282 II, 9. 3. 1| progressively with age, the slope of increase slows around the time of
283 II, 9. 3. 1| and related bone fractures increase with age. Low bone mass
284 II, 9. 3. 1| deteriorated, however, with an increase in morbidity and mortality
285 II, 9. 3. 1| androgen production and an increase in the older population,
286 II, 9. 3. 1| decrease in lean mass and an increase in fat mass (particularly
287 II, 9. 3. 1| positive health experiences’ increase for those with higher levels
288 II, 9. 3. 1| expectancy continues to increase, a challenge for the future
289 II, 9. 3. 1| 1999) The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction
290 II, 9. 3. 2| conceive, but these treatments increase multiple births – which
291 II, 9. 3. 3| Bajos et al, 2003); the increase in the proportion of women
292 II, 9. 3. 3| has a general tendency to increase. This time period became
293 II, 9. 3. 3| there has been a stronger increase in the number of sexual
294 II, 9. 3. 3| use of condom, after an increase from 1993 to 1998, decreased
295 II, 9. 3. 3| Fenton et al, 2001). The increase in risky sexual behaviours
296 II, 9. 3. 3| concurrency of partnerships and an increase in risky behaviours.~ ~Sexual
297 II, 9. 3. 3| curriculum-based sex education does not increase risky sexual behaviour (
298 II, 9. 3. 3| parental relations.~ ~The increase of risky sexual behaviour
299 II, 9. 4. 1| age in the EU (37.7) will increase to 52.3 in 2028. These demographic
300 II, 9. 4. 3| population will continue to increase; while the proportion of
301 II, 9. 4. 3| depression and dementia and an increase in the provision of psychotherapeutic
302 II, 9. 4. 3| There has been a notable increase in sexually transmitted
303 II, 9. 4. 3| older people, although rates increase with age, doubling every
304 II, 9. 4. 3| is not accompanied by an increase in the time spent with severe
305 II, 9. 4. 4| extent a low-quality diet, increase mortality risk. A healthy
306 II, 9. 4. 4| to a three- to four-fold increase in mortality risk. The risk
307 II, 9. 4. 4| structure and overcrowding increase the risks of accidents and
308 II, 9. 4. 5| in the community and to increase educational and social activity
309 II, 9. 4. 5| clearly be opportunities to increase employment. The health and
310 II, 9. 4. 5| lower socio-economic status increase the risk of ill health.
311 II, 9. 4. 6| years have led to a steep increase in life expectancy for both
312 II, 9. 4. 6| Western Europe. However, this increase in life expectancy has also
313 II, 9. 5. 3| positive health experiences’ increase for those with higher levels
314 II, 9. 5. 3| of ill-health is seen to increase steadily with decreasing
315 II, 9. 5. 3| statement are patchy. A marginal increase was seen in Belgium, Estonia,
316 II, 9. 5. 3| contraceptives is thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular
317 II, 9. 5. 3| Hammarström and Janlert, 2005) and increase reproductive and health
318 II, 9. 5. 3| in older age. Poverty can increase with age, and leave some
319 II, 9. 5. 4| health in its prevention, and increase violence prevention activities
320 II, 9. 5. 4| policies and programmes that increase access of the most vulnerable
321 III, 10. 1. 1| environmental factors which increase energy intake and / or reduce
322 III, 10. 1. 1| subjects demonstrate an increase in energy intake. However,
323 III, 10. 1. 1| physical activity have been shown to increase the proportion of calories
324 III, 10. 1. 1| events. Life events can both increase and decrease alcohol consumption
325 III, 10. 1. 1| concurrency of partnership and an increase in risk behaviours.~ ~
326 III, 10. 2. 1| therapies significantly increase the probability of long
327 III, 10. 2. 1| mortality will probably increase in due time to reflect the
328 III, 10. 2. 1| among girls. The unexpected increase in cigarette consumption
329 III, 10. 2. 1| of glucose, as well as an increase in blood pressure, respiration
330 III, 10. 2. 1| effects of snuff use include increase of blood pressure, increased
331 III, 10. 2. 1| of behavioral therapy can increase the quitting rate by another
332 III, 10. 2. 1| scale maximum of 100. This increase is mainly due to three TCS
333 III, 10. 2. 1| and advertising bans. No increase in average scores for pricing,
334 III, 10. 2. 1| Raw, 2007). In particular, increase of spending on tobacco control
335 III, 10. 2. 1| by cause, from a 1 litre increase in per capita alcohol consumption~ ~
336 III, 10. 2. 1| relationships between a 1 litre increase in alcohol consumption and
337 III, 10. 2. 1| demonstrate a two- to three-fold increase in the risk of depressive
338 III, 10. 2. 1| category. The impact of an increase in alcohol price is stronger
339 III, 10. 2. 1| to price. Policies that increase alcohol prices have been
340 III, 10. 2. 1| at the cost of an overall increase in problems.~Around-the-clock
341 III, 10. 2. 1| re-instituted, there was a 3.6% increase in alcohol sales (Norstrom
342 III, 10. 2. 1| advertisements and media exposure increase the likelihood of young
343 III, 10. 2. 1| driving. Furthermore, an increase in passenger alcohol consumption
344 III, 10. 2. 1| survey shows an overall increase in the prevalence of cannabis
345 III, 10. 2. 1| 2003, with a more marked increase between 1995 and 1999 (Figure
346 III, 10. 2. 1| 1999 (Figure 10.2.3.1). An increase in the lifetime prevalence
347 III, 10. 2. 1| indicate that there might be an increase in problem opioid use in
348 III, 10. 2. 1| experienced an important increase in opioid, mainly heroin,
349 III, 10. 2. 1| phenomenon has caused a dramatic increase in drug-related deaths and
350 III, 10. 2. 1| second wave of drug use increase during the 90s.~ ~Currently,
351 III, 10. 2. 1| parent trainings.~ ~The increase of opiate use and injecting
352 III, 10. 2. 1| represents a more than sevenfold increase since 1993, when substitution
353 III, 10. 2. 1| developments~ ~After a dramatic increase in drug use and drug-related
354 III, 10. 2. 1| Between 1993 and 2003 an increase in the proportion of children
355 III, 10. 2. 1| breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate (WHO, 2006a).
356 III, 10. 2. 1| Eurobarometer surveys showed an increase in the proportion of people
357 III, 10. 2. 1| Finland saw an overall increase in the proportion of those
358 III, 10. 2. 1| the mid-90s, the general increase in activity has levelled
359 III, 10. 2. 1| this amount will further increase given the rising obesity
360 III, 10. 2. 1| individuals are able to increase calcium intake in this way.
361 III, 10. 2. 1| interfere with the absorption or increase the nutrient requirements.
362 III, 10. 2. 1| trans fatty acids;~· to increase the consumption of fruit,
363 III, 10. 2. 1| by children, such as an increase in fruit and vegetable intake.
364 III, 10. 2. 1| In light of the dramatic increase in obesity amongst schoolchildren,
365 III, 10. 2. 1| 2007~ ~With today’s rapid increase in overweight and obesity
366 III, 10. 2. 1| last-mentioned approach will increase energy allowance and give
367 III, 10. 2. 1| related determinants (e.g. increase opportunities to engage
368 III, 10. 2. 1| Astrup A (2004): Major increase in prevalence of overweight
369 III, 10. 2. 2| around 200 mg/dL). A 10% increase in plasma total cholesterol
370 III, 10. 2. 2| cholesterol is associated with an increase of 27% in CHD incidence,
371 III, 10. 2. 3| systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic increase, there is a doubling of
372 III, 10. 2. 3| 80 mmHg. Even an isolated increase in SBP is associated to
373 III, 10. 2. 4| polymorphism in stroke (increase of risk) and Alzheimer’s
374 III, 10. 2. 5| immunological function and the increase of genetic instability.
375 III, 10. 2. 5| of the elderly include an increase of fat mass and a reduction
376 III, 10. 2. 5| water-soluble substances and to an increase of distribution volume of
377 III, 10. 3. 1| evidence indicates that an increase in skin cancers in the Western
378 III, 10. 3. 1| growth in traffic and the increase of population living in
379 III, 10. 3. 1| suggesting that radon could increase the risk of childhood leukaemia
380 III, 10. 3. 1| ventilation, which will likely increase indoor radon exposure. Almost
381 III, 10. 3. 1| incidence is expected to increase further in Southern European
382 III, 10. 3. 1| Many of these diseases increase with age and therefore only
383 III, 10. 3. 1| in case of a significant increase in exposure due to natural
384 III, 10. 3. 2| today’s society, and thereby increase the exposure to them of
385 III, 10. 3. 3| figures, shows that a general increase in MRSA is occurring throughout
386 III, 10. 3. 3| cruise ships are on the increase, but it should be noted
387 III, 10. 3. 4| decreased cold exposure~Increase in frequency of warm spells/
388 III, 10. 3. 4| young and socially isolated~Increase in frequency of heavy precipitation
389 III, 10. 3. 4| and mental health problems~Increase in drought areas~Likely~
390 III, 10. 3. 4| climate change has caused an increase in the frequency and intensity
391 III, 10. 3. 4| average global temperature increase to a maximum of 2°C compared
392 III, 10. 3. 4| need to limit temperature increase to 2°C. Recent studies point
393 III, 10. 3. 4| decrease in Southern Europe and increase in Northern Europe. Health
394 III, 10. 3. 4| without acclimatisation the increase in heat related deaths by
395 III, 10. 3. 4| floods are projected to increase. Preliminary results for
396 III, 10. 3. 4| year flood are projected to increase with up to 40% for the Upper
397 III, 10. 3. 4| mortality has been estimated to increase 1–4% for each degree increase
398 III, 10. 3. 4| increase 1–4% for each degree increase of temperature above a cut-off
399 III, 10. 3. 4| During heat-waves, deaths increase from a range of causes.~ ~
400 III, 10. 3. 4| thermoregulation and/or increase cardiac output and thereby
401 III, 10. 3. 4| elimination. Heat exposure can increase medication toxicity and/
402 III, 10. 3. 4| account for a temperature increase of up to 4.6°C during summer
403 III, 10. 3. 4| rainfall and runoff events may increase the total microbial loads
404 III, 10. 3. 4| previous studies suggest an increase in suicide after a flood,
405 III, 10. 3. 4| water levels in rivers can increase the loads of contaminants
406 III, 10. 3. 4| incentives for citizens to increase their ability to resist
407 III, 10. 3. 4| of drought is likely to increase, particularly in Southern
408 III, 10. 4. 1| effects on health, such as an increase in mortality and emergency
409 III, 10. 4. 1| allergens, allergic diseases may increase in Europe in the coming
410 III, 10. 4. 1| coincided with a general increase in the density of road traffic
411 III, 10. 4. 1| environment contribute to the increase in asthma prevalence. Indoor
412 III, 10. 4. 1| buildings. This leads to an increase in indoor humidity, which
413 III, 10. 4. 1| mould, bacteria) but also increase the release of chemicals
414 III, 10. 4. 2| mechanisms necessary to increase consumer confidence in food
415 III, 10. 4. 2| taken by the Commission to increase the level of food safety
416 III, 10. 4. 2| registered a significant increase in hazards arising from
417 III, 10. 4. 3| average there was a 70% increase in coverage from 1980 to
418 III, 10. 4. 3| 1980 to 2003, with a 20% increase from 1995 to 2003.~ ~Figure
419 III, 10. 4. 3| water availability will increase and approaches to re-using
420 III, 10. 4. 5| countries is growing due to the increase in economic activity. Economic
421 III, 10. 4. 5| the 1996-2004 period. The increase in the EECCA countries until
422 III, 10. 4. 5| health effects (i.e. an increase of soft tissues sarcoma
423 III, 10. 4. 5| Considering the current increase of waste production and
424 III, 10. 5. 1| can enforce, prolong or increase the exposure to indoor pollutants
425 III, 10. 5. 1| design features that may increase the risk of an accident
426 III, 10. 5. 1| studies have shown that the increase of asthmatic symptoms in
427 III, 10. 5. 1| and forested areas, thus increase the number of tick infections (
428 III, 10. 5. 2| in Germany the mortality increase and decrease is occurring
429 III, 10. 5. 3| women. In both sexes an increase has been seen since 2001.
430 III, 10. 5. 3| the result of a continuous increase in female participation
431 III, 10. 5. 3| patterns (new technology, increase of the service sector) as
432 III, 10. 5. 3| teaching and there has been an increase in delivering health and
433 III, 10. 5. 3| workers (aged 55 to 65) will increase by almost 9% from 2005 to
434 III, 10. 5. 3| contribution to population increase. According to estimates,
435 III, 10. 5. 3| Studies have shown that an increase in work-related stress also
436 III, 10. 5. 3| have been matched by an increase in employees’ autonomy over
437 III, 10. 5. 3| non-standard working times increase the risk of cardiovascular
438 III, 10. 5. 3| maintained, and not lead to any increase in other risks~- Following
439 III, 10. 6. 1| crime reduction effects and increase the confidence of residents
440 III, 10. 6. 2| important are the steps made to increase population coverage, address
441 III, 10. 6. 2| U! And You?’ in order to increase the use of early detection
442 III, 10. 6. 3| crime reduction effects and increase the confidence of residents
443 IV, 11. 1. 1| health system are meant to increase the population’s health,
444 IV, 11. 1. 3| countries, had numerous goals: increase the responsibility of individuals
445 IV, 11. 1. 3| activity-based payments to increase productivity (e.g. in Italy).
446 IV, 11. 1. 3| a lack of incentives to increase efficiency; and only short-term
447 IV, 11. 1. 5| public arguably serves to: increase public accountability of
448 IV, 11. 1. 5| made in all countries to increase the rate of screening among
449 IV, 11. 1. 5| programmes have the potential to increase the physician’s use of evidence-based
450 IV, 11. 1. 5| progressing faster than the increase in prescriptions (Phillips
451 IV, 11. 1. 5| countries, there has been an increase in general satisfaction
452 IV, 11. 1. 5| only Italy and Spain saw an increase in the percentage of individuals
453 IV, 11. 1. 6| systems have an incentive to increase activity, and could have
454 IV, 11. 1. 6| broad diagnosis groups may increase efficiency and reduce data
455 IV, 11. 1. 6| data manipulation but may increase quality skimping, whereas
456 IV, 11. 1. 6| the severity of the DRG to increase reimbursement. Finally,
457 IV, 11. 2. 1| hospitals in the EU15 and an increase of 0.8. hospitals in the
458 IV, 11. 2. 1| can be seen alongside an increase in the proportion of day-surgery
459 IV, 11. 2. 1| performed with an aim to increase activity, efficiency and
460 IV, 11. 2. 1| Turkey there has been an increase in admission, while in Belgium,
461 IV, 11. 2. 1| Netherlands, where a slight increase was seen.~ ~F ~ ~Table 11.
462 IV, 11. 2. 2| policies, there has been an increase in funding only in some
463 IV, 11. 3. 1| training efforts do not increase significantly in the near
464 IV, 11. 3. 2| countries, representing an increase in percentage points of
465 IV, 11. 3. 2| even more countries saw an increase in the public share of spending
466 IV, 11. 5. 4| that have been shown to increase organ availability.~The
467 IV, 11. 5. 4| increased over recent years. The increase in living organ donation
468 IV, 11. 5. 5| order to contribute to an increase in organ donation knowledge,
469 IV, 11. 5. 6| project is focusing on ways to increase the potential of organ donation,
470 IV, 11. 6. 1| 1980 as measured by the increase in the proportion of GDP
471 IV, 11. 6. 1| countries have seen a gradual increase in expenditure, with especially
472 IV, 11. 6. 2| there have been efforts to increase revenue by broadening revenue
473 IV, 11. 6. 2| equity and on efficiency. The increase in strategic resource allocation
474 IV, 11. 6. 2| 2004) corresponds to the increase in the public component
475 IV, 11. 6. 2| in the last decade. The increase in private funding in CEE
476 IV, 11. 6. 2| almost wholly driven by an increase in out-of-pocket payment,
477 IV, 11. 6. 2| across Europe followed to increase reliance on central tax.
478 IV, 11. 6. 2| central taxation may also increase financial protection and
479 IV, 11. 6. 2| revenue collected did not increase). In Germany it has similarly
480 IV, 11. 6. 2| Mossialos 2008). This widespread increase in out-of-pocket payments
481 IV, 11. 6. 2| payments may be due to an increase in cost sharing but may
482 IV, 11. 6. 2| 1980s, with a significant increase in out-of-pocket payments
483 IV, 11. 6. 3| example, in Finland, an increase in the average rate of local
484 IV, 11. 6. 4| time, there has been an increase in user charges in some
485 IV, 11. 6. 5| t reduce costs and they increase inequity [editorial]." British
486 IV, 12. 2 | cholesterol. Because of the increase of obesity (the so called
487 IV, 12. 2 | Member States;~- Help to increase the coherence of actions
488 IV, 12. 2 | of behavioral therapy can increase the quitting rate by another
489 IV, 12. 2 | category. The impact of an increase in alcohol price is stronger
490 IV, 12. 2 | to price. Policies that increase alcohol prices have been
491 IV, 12. 2 | at the cost of an overall increase in problems. Around-the-clock
492 IV, 12. 2 | re-instituted, there was a 3.6% increase in alcohol sales.~ ~Almost
493 IV, 12. 2 | advertisements and media exposure increase the likelihood of young
494 IV, 12. 2 | and driving. Further, an increase in passenger alcohol consumption
495 IV, 12. 5 | Promote initiatives to increase healthy life years and promote
496 IV, 12. 10 | from industry in order to increase the amount of wholegrain
497 IV, 12. 10 | Control (FCTC) (Nov 2005)~ ~Increase in excise duties charged
498 IV, 13.Acr | policies, there has been an increase in funding only in some
499 IV, 13. 4 | for: "specific action to increase the participation of migrants
500 IV, 13. 5 | through which factors that may increase the quality of life in the
