| | 
Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 10. 4 | transcription account for 11% and 12%. While about half
2 I, 2. 11 | 2.11. References~ ~APPLICA (2005):
3 I, 2. 11 | Health. htt m (accessed 21.11.06).~European Commission (
4 I, 2. 11 | index.html (accessed 15.11.06):.~Schulte P.A. et al. (
5 I, 3. 2 | growth was in Ireland (+11%), while the lowest was
6 I, 3. 2 | population), but also France (11%), the UK (7%), Poland (
7 II, 4. 2 | external causes (causes 10, 11 and 12 in table 3) has decreased
8 II, 4. 2 | Table 4.2.6 shows that in 11 out of the 17 selected countries
9 II, 4. 3 | Vital Statistics Report 45(11-Sup 2): 1-80.~ ~Commission
10 II, 5. 2. 4 | WHO-MONICA Project (Table 5.2.11) collected between mid 1980s
11 II, 5. 2. 4 | conditions.~ ~Table 5.2.11. Prevalence of smoking (%),
12 II, 5. 2. 7 | World Health Stat Q. 35 (1):11–47.~Pol ): Non-pharmacological
13 II, 5. 3. 5 | 000 in women). Figures 5.3.11 show that Hungary, Czech Republic
14 II, 5. 3. 6 | for stomach cancer and 11% for lung cancer. Survival
15 II, 5. 4. 1 | and /or a hyperglycaemia 11.1 mmol/l (200mg/dl) in a
16 II, 5. 4. 1 | or a postprandial value 11.1 mmol/l. (Report WHO/IDF
17 II, 5. 4. 1 | largest prevalence rates with 11.8% and 11.1%, while the
18 II, 5. 4. 1 | prevalence rates with 11.8% and 11.1%, while the UK is the
19 II, 5. 4. 2 | 000,000 general population~11~HIS/HES/SPSN/RS Registries~
20 II, 5. 4. 2 | 000,000 general population~11~HIS/HES/SPSN/RS Registries~
21 II, 5. 4. 2 | 15 mmol/l (<1.0 mmol/l)~11~Percent of diabetic subjects
22 II, 5. 4. 2 | with an abnormal level~11~Percent of diabetic subjects
23 II, 5. 4. 2 | inspection in the last 12 months~11~Percent of diabetic subjects
24 II, 5. 4. 3 | diabetic population. Across 11 countries, the indicators
25 II, 5. 4. 3 | The median value across 11 countries is 60.5%, corresponding
26 II, 5. 4. 3 | EUCID indicator varies in 11 countries between 44% (Ireland)
27 II, 5. 4. 3 | percentages published by EUCID on 11 countries vary from 6% (
28 II, 5. 4. 3 | months. EUCID crude data from 11 countries present a range
29 II, 5. 4. 3 | factor was found across 11 countries in crude percentages
30 II, 5. 4. 3 | in crude percentages of 11% (Ireland) to 51% (Scotland)
31 II, 5. 4. 3 | pressure control. In EUCID, 11 countries provided data
32 II, 5. 4. 3 | Crude percentages from 11 EUCID countries report values
33 II, 5. 4. 3 | creatinine ths. In EUCID 11 countries provided figures,
34 II, 5. 4. 8 | diabetes in Europe. Lancet 11;355 873-6~EUDIP group (2002):
35 II, 5. 4. 8 | Technol Assess. 2007 May;11(17):iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-125~
36 II, 5. 5. 2(25)| elderly and Resolution of 11/03/1998 on Alzheimer’s disease~
37 II, 5. 5. 2 | Parliament (1998): Resolution of 11/03/1998 on Alzheimer’s disease~ ~ ~
38 II, 5. 5. 3 | increases with age: 28% for 11-year-olds, 37% for 13-year-olds
39 II, 5. 5. 3 | increases with age: from 12% for 11-year-olds to 23% for 15-
40 II, 5. 5. 3 | increases with age: 12% for 11-year-olds, 23% for 15-year-olds.
41 II, 5. 5. 3 | mortality rate (23.0% vs. 11.2%) was mainly the result
42 II, 5. 5. 3 | study.~J Gen Intern Med 21(11):1133-7.~Coodin S (2001):
43 II, 5. 5. 3 | Bull World Health Organ. 82(11):858-66.~Lacro JP, Dunn
44 II, 5. 5. 3 | Survey.~Schizophr Bull 24:11-20.~Lehman AF, Steinwachs
45 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 3(11):e442.~McGrath JJ (2006):
46 II, 5. 5. 3 | health. Lancet 370(9590):810-11.~Sato M (2006): Renaming
47 II, 5. 5. 3 | followed up prospectively over 11-14 years. J Neurol Neurosurg
48 II, 5. 5. 3 | review. Epilepsia 38(suppl 11):S15-S19.~Olafsson E, Hauser
49 II, 5. 5. 3 | Prevalence ranges between 11 and 282 per 100 000 in women
50 II, 5. 5. 3 | prospects. Eur J Neurol 11:511–520~EUROPA. The EU at
51 II, 5. 5. 3 | study. Neuroepidemiology 11:1-10.~Koch-Henriksen N (
52 II, 5. 5. 3 | approximately 120 to 257/100,000 and 11 to 19/100,000 per year,
53 II, 5. 5. 3 | s disease. Neurology 43(11):2227-2229.~Gorell JM, Rybicki
54 II, 5. 5. 3 | disease. Eur J Neurol 13(11):1170-1185.~Hughes AJ, Daniel
55 II, 5. 6. 3 | back pain with sciatica was 11.6 / 1000 people per year,
56 II, 5. 6. 4 | rheumatoid arthritis (Table 5.6.11).~ ~Table 5.6.11. Distribution (
57 II, 5. 6. 4 | Table 5.6.11).~ ~Table 5.6.11. Distribution (in per cent)
58 II, 5. 6. 6 | for Europe, Copenhagen, 11-14 September 2006. Available
59 II, 5. 7. 3 | current prevalence in the USA (11%). This contrasts with ESRD
60 II, 5. 7. 7 | Pediatr Nephrol 1997 Aug;11(4):438-42.~Fadrowski J,
61 II, 5. 8. 2 | patients, 14% in Po Delta and 11% in Pisa also reported chronic
62 II, 5. 8. 3 | cumulative incidence of COPD was 11.0% according to the GOLD
63 II, 5. 8. 3 | prevalence rates ranged from 11.0% with the ERS criterion (
64 II, 5. 8. 3 | Slovak Republic) to about 11% in Vilnius (Lithuania) (
65 II, 5. 8. 3 | stage II was 10.1% overall, 11.8% for men, and 8.5% for
66 II, 5. 8. 3 | of low BMI and low FFMI 11%. Low BMI and low FFMI were
67 II, 5. 8. 3 | of stay in hospital was 11.37 days and the cost of
68 II, 5. 8. 4 | with prevalence rates of 11.8% for the pre-clinical
69 II, 5. 8. 5 | history of 10+ pack-years (n=11,027). After a minimal antismoking
70 II, 5. 8. 5 | 355 subjects (aged 53.5±11.5 yrs; 58.2% males) among
71 II, 5. 8. 7 | J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11: 695-702.~ ~Buist AS, McBurnie
72 II, 5. 8. 7 | disease. Intern Med J 2004;34(11):608-14~ ~ ~Schirnhofer
73 II, 5. 8. 7 | Mon, Monograph 38, 2006; 11: 1-6.~ ~Sidney S, Sorel
74 II, 5. 9. 1 | to affect approximately 4–11% of the general population
75 II, 5. 9. 2 | with status asthmaticus 493.11~· Chronic obstructive asthma
76 II, 5. 9. 2 | children aged from 9 to 11 years. ISAAC Phase III is
77 II, 5. 9. 3 | the general population: 11.2% in children of 6-7 years
78 II, 5. 9. 3 | Croatia 12.1%, Serbia 11.6%, Iceland 11%, Spain 10.
79 II, 5. 9. 3 | Serbia 11.6%, Iceland 11%, Spain 10.6% and Poland
80 II, 5. 9. 3 | 13–14 years of age-group, 11 of 105 centres registered
81 II, 5. 9. 4 | in school-children aged 9-11. Over these 15 years the
82 II, 5. 9. 4 | spills (RR=3.3, 95% CI 1.0-11.1, P=0.051). The population-attributable
83 II, 5. 9. 4 | in-vitro tests were available. 11.1% suffered from current
84 II, 5. 9. 7 | Lippincot-Raven Press, 1990: 11-23~ ~Sc W (2007): Allergic
85 II, 5. 10. 2 | allergic reactions to food in 11 countries of the European
86 II, 5. 10. 7 | Allergen databases. Allergy 58(11):1093-1100.~ ~de Blok BMJ,
87 II, 5. 10. 7 | European Union L 308, 25.11.2003, pp. 15–18.~htt ~ ~
88 II, 5. 10. 7 | European Union L 310, 28.11.2007, pp. 11–14.~ ~European
89 II, 5. 10. 7 | Union L 310, 28.11.2007, pp. 11–14.~ ~European Food Safety
90 II, 5. 10. 7 | adults. Eur Respir J 1998; 11(1):151-155.~ ~Woods RK,
91 II, 5. 11 | 5.11. Dermatological diseases~ ~
92 II, 5. 11. 1 | 5.11.1. Introduction~ ~Diseases
93 II, 5. 11. 2 | 5.11.2. Data sources~ ~ ~This
94 II, 5. 11. 3 | 5.11.3. Data description and
95 II, 5. 11. 3 | are reported in Tables 5.11.1 and 5.11.2.~ ~Table 5.
96 II, 5. 11. 3 | reported in Tables 5.11.1 and 5.11.2.~ ~Table 5.11.1. Prevalence
97 II, 5. 11. 3 | 1 and 5.11.2.~ ~Table 5.11.1. Prevalence of selected
98 II, 5. 11. 3 | 2006;16:212-218~ ~ ~Table 5.11.2. Prevalence of examined
99 II, 5. 11. 3 | 5% to 20% by the age of 11 (Kay et al, 1994; Schmied
100 II, 5. 11. 3 | dermatological departments from 11 European countries was founded
101 II, 5. 11. 3 | the year 2004, altogether 11,643 patients were patch
102 II, 5. 11. 3 | especially of NMSC (Table 5.11.3).~ ~Table 5.11.3. Age-standardized
103 II, 5. 11. 3 | Table 5.11.3).~ ~Table 5.11.3. Age-standardized rates
104 II, 5. 11. 3 | for BCC (17% in men and 11% in women) and upper limbs
105 II, 5. 11. 4 | 5.11.4. Societal impact~ ~Disability
106 II, 5. 11. 5 | 5.11.5. Control tools and policies~ ~
107 II, 5. 11. 6 | 5.11.6. Future developments~ ~
108 II, 5. 11. 7 | 5.11.7. References~ ~Böhme M,
109 II, 5. 11. 7 | Health Statistics: Series 11, No. 212. DHEW publication
110 II, 5. 12. 3 | whose rates increased from 11.3 in 1980-82 to 15/100,000
111 II, 5. 15. 6 | Orphan Drugs. Published 16/11/04. Available at:~htt / (
112 II, 6. 3. 3 | were reported by Iceland (11.24 per 100 000), followed
113 II, 6. 3. 4 | whole influenza season in 11 out of 24 countries. Seven
114 II, 6. 3. 5 | with a second peak in 2000 (11 per 100 000 per year). In
115 II, 6. 3. 5 | 000), followed by Italy (0.11 per 100 000).~ ~
116 II, 6. 3. 6 | States. Slovakia reported 11 cases; however, the criteria
117 II, 7. 3. 4 | safety institutions (Figure 7.11).~ ~ ~Figure 7.11. Fatalities
118 II, 7. 3. 4 | Figure 7.11).~ ~ ~Figure 7.11. Fatalities at work by economic
119 II, 8. 1. 2 | The module consisted of 11 variables dealing with the
120 II, 8. 1. 3 | compare with just under 11% of women and 10% of men,
121 II, 8. 2. 1 | followed up to the age of 11.5 years, showed a prevalence
122 II, 8. 2. 2 | Ophthalmic Epidemiology 11:67-115.~Resnikoff S, Pascolini
123 II, 9 | age from over a tenth of 11 year old boys in six countries
124 II, 9. 1. 2 | 0 (Ireland and Malta) to 11.4 (France) per 1 000 births.
125 II, 9. 1. 2 | Environmental Health, Vol 18, pp 11-17.~De Walle HE, de Jong
126 II, 9. 1. 2 | Gynecology, Vol 25, pp 6-11.~Garne E, Loane M, de Vigan
127 II, 9. 2. 2 | health of adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years, who attend
128 II, 9. 2. 3 | 14 in Europe. Over 40% of 11–15-year-olds sustained injuries
129 II, 9. 2. 3 | increase slightly between 11 and 15 years of age. The
130 II, 9. 2. 3 | approximately a quarter of 11-year-old girls consider
131 II, 9. 2. 3 | Hungary and Wales. Fewer than 11% of boys report dieting (
132 II, 9. 2. 3 | HBSC) study, covering the 11-15 years of age group, shows
133 II, 9. 2. 4 | age from over a tenth of 11 year old boys in six countries
134 II, 9. 2. 7 | commitments.pdf (accessed 26.11.06)~ ~European Commission (
135 II, 9. 2. 7 | recommend.pdf (accessed 11.06)~ ~Heuveline P., Timberlake
136 II, 9. 2. 7 | adolescents. Adolescence, 11, 313-326, 1976.~ ~Levi F,
137 II, 9. 2. 7 | the General Assembly on 11 October 2002 - A world fit
138 II, 9. 3. 1 | to the 25-34 age group (11.2 per 100 000 population),
139 II, 9. 3. 1 | health services see Chapter 11.~ ~
140 II, 9. 3. 1 | Article online, accessed 11.07.07~ ~Aus G, Bergdahl
141 II, 9. 3. 1 | Mental Health Review Journal, 11(4), 3-6.~ ~White AK , Cash
142 II, 9. 3. 3 | from surveys carried out in 11 European countries between
143 II, 9. 3. 3 | 1993 to 2003 from about 11 to about 9 for men and has
144 II, 9. 3. 3 | Official Journal C 271 E , 12/11/2003 P. 0369 - 0374~Facultes
145 II, 9. 4. 7 | Geragogia.net:http l [Accessed 11.07.07]~De Groot Lc., Verheijden
146 II, 9. 4. 7 | prevented? htt 4 [Accessed 11.07.07]~ ~
147 II, 9. 5. 3 | reached menarche by the age of 11 are more likely to say they
148 II, 9. 5. 3 | and 60 r ed an act of phys 11% rep ed an act of seve lt~
149 II, 9. 5. 3 | weekly rises sharply between 11 and 15 years of age. A survey
150 II, 9. 5. 3 | In Greece the rate was 11% and 6% respectively (Jernigan,
151 II, 9. 5. 3 | survey has found that in 11 out of 15 Member States
152 III, 10. 1. 3 | consequences. Addiction 91(11):1663-1674.~Brady KT, Sonne
153 III, 10. 1. 3 | Med Sci Sports Exerc 31(11) Suppl 1:S534-541.~King
154 III, 10. 1. 3 | aggression. J Stud Alcohol Suppl 11:53-61.~Miller NS, Giannini
155 III, 10. 1. 3 | consequences. Addiction 91(11):1615-1621.~Rosner B (2000):
156 III, 10. 1. 3 | aggression. J Stud Alcohol Suppl 11:78-88.~Thakker KD (1998):
157 III, 10. 2. 1 | their mouth approximately 11-14 hours per day (ENSP,
158 III, 10. 2. 1 | adult drinking on average 11 litres of pure alcohol each
159 III, 10. 2. 1 | Finland (17%) and Sweden (11%). A much higher proportion
160 III, 10. 2. 1 | between 0.5g/L and 0.79g/L and 11 times with a BAC between
161 III, 10. 2. 1 | cancer deaths, of which 11,000 are female breast cancer
162 III, 10. 2. 1 | deaths corresponding to 11% of female mortality at
163 III, 10. 2. 1 | Mortality in Middle Aged Men in 11 European Countries: Comparison
164 III, 10. 2. 1 | Contemporary Drug Problems 11, 325-353.~ ~Rehm J (2005):
165 III, 10. 2. 1 | among young people aged 11, 13 and 15 years HBSC studies
166 III, 10. 2. 1 | countries, however, ranging from 11% of girls and 25% of boys
167 III, 10. 2. 1 | of boys in Ireland among 11-year-olds. Similar variations
168 III, 10. 2. 1 | sufficient physical activity in 11-year-old children in the
169 III, 10. 2. 1 | physically active children aged 11, 13 and 15 years, selected
170 III, 10. 2. 1 | Paderborn, 2004 (htt f, accessed 11 April 2007).~ ~Caspersen
171 III, 10. 2. 1 | Sports and Exercise, 31(11 Suppl.):S526-S533.~ ~Sjöström
172 III, 10. 2. 1 | 2003 parental reports of 11-year-old children from nationally
173 III, 10. 2. 1 | on weight and height in 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents
174 III, 10. 2. 1 | the Netherlands (boys: 11.6%; girls: 8.6%) and Denmark (
175 III, 10. 2. 1 | Obesity among children under 11. London, National Centre
176 III, 10. 2. 1 | Morbidity Weekly Report 54:1-11.~ ~Kelleher C, Gabhainn
177 III, 10. 2. 1 | Journal of Pediatric Obesity 1:11–25.~ ~ ~WHO Regional Office
178 III, 10. 3. 2 | an average between 1 and 11 ng/l for Pt with high peaks
179 III, 10. 3. 2 | Available: htt f [accessed 11 May 2007].~ ~World Health
180 III, 10. 3. 2 | Second Edition Chapter 6.11 Platinum. WHO Europe. Available
181 III, 10. 3. 4 | estimated damage of more than 11 billion euro.~ ~The effects
182 III, 10. 4. 1 | both children and adults (11). In addition to particles (
183 III, 10. 4. 2(28)| Directive 2002/63/EC of 11 July 2002 establishing Community
184 III, 10. 4. 2 | Polychlorobiphenyls~(PCBs); see textbox 4.11~ ~Oils and fats of animal~
185 III, 10. 4. 2 | average in 2004 of over 11 products per crop. The reduction
186 III, 10. 4. 2 | the EMS. – Articles 10 & 11;~· database of the Authority
187 III, 10. 4. 2 | delivering conclusions on 11 active substances from list
188 III, 10. 4. 2 | Decision No. 89/662/EEC of 11 December 1989 concerning
189 III, 10. 5. 1 | Volume 28, Number 11, November 1998, pp. 1389-
190 III, 10. 5. 1 | Sleep Medicine Reviews 11(2): 135-142.~ ~Norback JP, (
191 III, 10. 5. 2 | 1.000 populations versus 11.57 in urban settings), a
192 III, 10. 5. 2 | actions.~ ~Figure 10.5.2.11. Health problems in urban
193 III, 10. 5. 2 | than in rural settings (11.7%) (Roel et al., 2005).~ ~
194 III, 10. 5. 3 | percentage points since 2000.~· 11.4% of people aged 15-64
195 III, 10. 5. 3 | than women (table 10.5.3.11). About 40% of all workers
196 III, 10. 5. 3 | repetitive tasks.~ ~Table 10.5.3.11. Work organisational risks
197 III, 10. 5. 3 | Public Health). In the past 11 years, the ENWHP has been
198 III, 10. 6. 1 | social support, scores 9-11 moderate social support
199 III, 10. 6. 1 | was implemented in 2004 in 11 EU Member States and 14
200 III, 10. 6. 1 | four-year intervals among 11, 13 and 15 year old school
201 III, 10. 6. 1 | in all age groups between 11 and 15 years and from France
202 III, 10. 6. 1 | 15 year old group. 77% of 11 year old girls, 65% of 13
203 III, 10. 6. 1 | contrast, in Greece, 96% of 11 year old girls, in Slovenia
204 III, 10. 6. 1 | with Luxembourg. 76% of 11 year old boys, 74% of 13
205 III, 10. 6. 1 | daily contact (59%of the 11 year old girls and 44% of
206 III, 10. 6. 1 | Hungarian school children. Among 11 year old Hungarian girls
207 III, 10. 6. 1 | Depression. Health Rep 7:11-22.~ ~Börsch-Supan A, Jürges
208 III, 10. 6. 2 | eating habits and safe food~11. Reduced use of tobacco
209 IV, 11 | 11. HEALTH SERVICES~ ~
210 IV, 11. 1 | 11.1. Factors determining the
211 IV, 11. 1. 1 | 11.1.1. Introduction~ ~Health
212 IV, 11. 1. 2 | 11.1.2. Data sources~ ~This
213 IV, 11. 1. 3 | 11.1.3. The Performance of
214 IV, 11. 1. 3 | 11.1.3.1. Cost pressures and
215 IV, 11. 1. 3 | per capita in 2004 (table 11.1). Luxembourg spends almost
216 IV, 11. 1. 3 | capita at US$4,603.~ ~Table 11.1. Private and Public expenditure ($
217 IV, 11. 1. 4 | 11.1.3.2. Access to healthcare~ ~
218 IV, 11. 1. 4 | Thomson 2003) (see Section 11.6 on Financing health care).
219 IV, 11. 1. 4 | individuals in about half of the 11 European countries included
220 IV, 11. 1. 4 | 2002). See also Section 11.4.2 Public Health Services).~ ~
221 IV, 11. 1. 5 | 11.1.3.3. Quality in health
222 IV, 11. 1. 5 | of the variation.~ ~Table 11.2. Perceived quality of
223 IV, 11. 1. 5 | less than 3.5) (See Figure 11.1). In most countries, there
224 IV, 11. 1. 5 | system as a whole.~ ~Figure 11.1. Overall satisfaction
225 IV, 11. 1. 6 | 11.1.3.4. Technical efficiency~ ~
226 IV, 11. 1. 6 | negative incentives. Table 11.3 shows the physician payment
227 IV, 11. 1. 6 | physicians in Europe.~ ~Table 11.3. Physician payment methods
228 IV, 11. 1. 6 | form of payment (see Table 11.3). While DRGs are a retrospective
229 IV, 11. 1. 6 | regulation (see Section 11.6 Financing Health Care).
230 IV, 11. 2 | 11.2. Health service provision~ ~
231 IV, 11. 2. 1 | 11.2.1. Personal services~ ~
232 IV, 11. 2. 1 | those after is minimal (11.4. versus 7.9), partly owing
233 IV, 11. 2. 1 | 2004), and below.~ ~Table 11.4. Number of outpatient
234 IV, 11. 2. 1 | European region (Figure 11.2). When examining the number
235 IV, 11. 2. 1 | largely by taxation.~ ~Figure 11.2.Number of hospital beds
236 IV, 11. 2. 1 | in most countries (Table 11.5). The exceptions are Germany,
237 IV, 11. 2. 1 | increase was seen.~ ~F ~ ~Table 11.5. Number of psychiatric
238 IV, 11. 2. 2 | 11.2.2. Public health services~ ~
239 IV, 11. 3 | 11.3. Health system resources~ ~
240 IV, 11. 3. 1 | 11.3.1. Health workforce~ ~
241 IV, 11. 3. 1 | financial reasons.~ ~Table 11.6. Numbers of practising
242 IV, 11. 3. 2 | 11.3.2. Pharmaceuticals~ ~Pharmaceutical
243 IV, 11. 3. 2 | Indeed, as shown in Table 11.7, the growth in spending
244 IV, 11. 3. 2 | the Czech Republic (Table 11.7).~ ~Additionally, while
245 IV, 11. 3. 2 | Turkey (HFA 2007).~ ~Table 11.7. Spending on pharmaceuticals
246 IV, 11. 3. 2 | company agreements.~ ~Table 11.8. Contribution of European
247 IV, 11. 3. 2 | China and India.~ ~Figure 11.4. Relative prices of drugs
248 IV, 11. 3. 2 | priority diseases.~ ~Figure 11.5. Current levels of research
249 IV, 11. 3. 2 | anti-neoplastic agents (figure 11.5).~ ~Therapeutic focus
250 IV, 11. 3. 2 | years 2008-2010~ ~Figure 11.6. Therapeutic focus of
251 IV, 11. 3. 2 | overall product-mix (figure 11.6.).~ ~
252 IV, 11. 4 | 11.4. Health Technology Assessment~ ~
253 IV, 11. 4 | decision-making. Figure 11.7 depicts how HTA projects
254 IV, 11. 4 | specific policies.~ ~Figure 11.7. Relations between research
255 IV, 11. 4 | be covered by HTA (Figure 11.8).~ ~Figure 11.8. HTA as
256 IV, 11. 4 | Figure 11.8).~ ~Figure 11.8. HTA as an input to priority-setting
257 IV, 11. 4 | described as depicted in Figure 11.9. The key point that HTA
258 IV, 11. 4 | epidemiologic studies etc.~ ~Figure 11.9. Conduction of an assessment~ ~ ~
259 IV, 11. 5 | 11.5. Tissue, cell and organ
260 IV, 11. 5. 1 | 11.5.1. Introduction~ ~Over
261 IV, 11. 5. 1 | extremely varied (Figure 11.10):~· a few nations with
262 IV, 11. 5. 1 | transplantation.~ ~Figure 11.10. International Figures
263 IV, 11. 5. 2 | 11.5.2. Data sources~ ~A number
264 IV, 11. 5. 3 | 11.5.3. European survey on
265 IV, 11. 5. 3 | transplantation (figure 11.12) organ exchange and organ
266 IV, 11. 5. 3 | are shown in Figures from 11.11 to 11.14.~ ~Figure 11.
267 IV, 11. 5. 3 | shown in Figures from 11.11 to 11.14.~ ~Figure 11.11.
268 IV, 11. 5. 3 | in Figures from 11.11 to 11.14.~ ~Figure 11.11. Organ
269 IV, 11. 5. 3 | 11.11 to 11.14.~ ~Figure 11.11. Organ Procurement in
270 IV, 11. 5. 3 | 11 to 11.14.~ ~Figure 11.11. Organ Procurement in different
271 IV, 11. 5. 3 | European countries~Figure 11.12. Organ transplantation
272 IV, 11. 5. 3 | European countries~Figure 11.13. Exchanges and import/
273 IV, 11. 5. 3 | European countries~Figure 11.14. Percentage and absolute
274 IV, 11. 5. 3 | technical guidelines.~Figure 11.15 shows the different factors
275 IV, 11. 5. 3 | not regulated).~ ~Figure 11.15. Risk assessment criteria
276 IV, 11. 5. 3 | technical guidelines. Figure 11.16 shows the biological
277 IV, 11. 5. 3 | characteristics.~ ~Figure 11.16. Biological tests in
278 IV, 11. 5. 3 | organ transplant~ ~As Figure 11.16 shows, there is consensus
279 IV, 11. 5. 3 | donor evaluation, Figure 11.17 shows the different practices
280 IV, 11. 5. 3 | routine basis.~ ~Figure 11.17. Tumour markers in organs
281 IV, 11. 5. 3 | number of countries~ ~Figure 11.18 shows the different procedures
282 IV, 11. 5. 3 | technical guidelines:~ ~Figure 11.18. Organ transplantation
283 IV, 11. 5. 4 | 11.5.4. Organ shortage~ ~The
284 IV, 11. 5. 4 | European countries (see Figure 11.10). These differences cannot
285 IV, 11. 5. 5 | 11.5.5. Research in the transplantation
286 IV, 11. 5. 6 | 11.5.6. Policy tools~ ~European
287 IV, 11. 5. 6 | in 2006 and 2007.~ ~Annex 11.7.1. List of recommendations
288 IV, 11. 5. 7 | 11.5.7. Future developments~ ~
289 IV, 11. 6 | 11.6. Financing healthcare~ ~
290 IV, 11. 6. 1 | 11.6.1. Health expenditure
291 IV, 11. 6. 1 | Mossialos, 1999).~ ~Table 11.9. Total health care expenditure
292 IV, 11. 6. 1 | of GDP, 1990-2004~ ~Table 11.10. Total health care expenditure
293 IV, 11. 6. 2 | 11.6.2. Description and assessment
294 IV, 11. 6. 2 | public expenditure. Table 11.11 shows that the public
295 IV, 11. 6. 2 | public expenditure. Table 11.11 shows that the public share (%)
296 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Health data 2006).~ ~Table 11.11. Public expenditure as
297 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Health data 2006).~ ~Table 11.11. Public expenditure as a
298 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Latvia). As shown in Table 11.12, the countries with predominantly
299 IV, 11. 6. 2 | insurance funds.~ ~Table 11.12. Financing mix separated
300 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Mossialos, 2008) (see Section 11.8.3 on Progressivity).~ ~
301 IV, 11. 6. 2 | the CSG) have fallen from 11.8% to 0.75% of gross earnings.
302 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Greece and Latvia (Figure 11.19). Unfortunately, available
303 IV, 11. 6. 2 | are summarized in Table 11.13. Also in some countries,
304 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Mossialos 2008).~ ~Table 11.13. Examples for cost sharing
305 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Norway~- Poland~ ~ ~ ~Figure 11.19. Out-of-pocket payments (
306 IV, 11. 6. 3 | 11.6.3. Progressiveness of
307 IV, 11. 6. 3 | higher income households (11.3%) (Glennerster, 1997).
308 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 11.6.4. Description of arrangements
309 IV, 11. 6. 4 | health insurance funds (Table 11.14), the resources generated
310 IV, 11. 6. 4 | et al, 2005). See section 11.3.4. Technical efficiency
311 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Ven et al 2007).~ ~Table 11.14. Collection and allocation
312 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 11.7. References~ ~Altman S,
313 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Journal of Health Economics 11: 93–98.~ ~Culyer AJ, Wagstaff
314 IV, 11. 6. 5 | and Safety in Health Care 11(3): 233-8.~ ~Dovey SM, Phillips
315 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Community Health 44:106-11.~ ~Mainz J, Bartels PD (
316 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Journal of Health Economics 11: 199–205.~ ~Mossialos E,
317 IV, 11. 6. 5 | index." Health Economics 11: 103-115.~ ~Wagstaff A,
318 IV, 12. 2 | policies (see also Chapter 11.5) and global health issues.
319 IV, 12. 10 | increasing. It is now at 11% of the overall population,
320 IV, 12. 10 | the Council Directive 97/11 and 96/61~o Common Ministerial
321 IV, 12. 10 | with Council Directives 97/11 and 96/61.~o Common Ministerial
322 IV, 12. 10 | Ministerial Decision 245090/11.1.2006 for determining additional
323 IV, 12. 10 | Public Health Decision 1438/11/2006 to approve the Program
324 IV, 12. 10 | smoking cease;~ ~Law 433/11/2006, harmonizing law 349/
325 IV, 12. 10 | Directive 2001/37/CE;~ ~Law 332/11/2005, ratifying FCTC of
326 IV, 12. 10 | abuse~ High~Decision 1654/11/2006 for approval of National
327 IV, 12. 10 | intermediate~Decision 1830/11/2007 Noise maps~Occupational
328 IV, 12. 10 | linked to objective domains 6-11 as well as economic security,
329 IV, 12. 10 | tobacco smoke~Domain of objective 11~ ~Public health policy~Health
330 IV, 12. 10 | injuries~Domain of objective 11~ ~Public health policy~Health
331 IV, 12. 10 | Mortality~Domain of objective 11~ ~Public health policy~Health
332 IV, 12. 10 | eating habits and safe food~11. Reduced use of tobacco
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