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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | intrinsic characteristics (e.g. genome and age) and biological,
2 I, 2. 3 | be eradicated in the EU (e.g. tuberculosis, malaria, Hansen
3 I, 2. 4 | health-conducive behaviours (e.g. less smoking, modest improvements
4 I, 2. 4 | healthcare interventions (e.g. hypertension detection and
5 I, 2. 4 | sometimes for the better (e.g. in the Czech Republic) but
6 I, 2. 4 | but often for the worse (e.g. in Hungary and Estonia),
7 I, 2. 4 | in some other countries (e.g. the Czech Republic), however,
8 I, 2. 4 | reduce these inequalities, e.g. by: addressing risk factors
9 I, 2. 8 | essential forms of energy (e.g. as is currently the case
10 I, 2. 8 | manufactured and transported goods (e.g. food).~ ~
11 I, 2. 9 | extreme climatic events, e.g. the summer heat of 2003
12 I, 2. 10. 1| between the two directions, e.g. as Public Health services,
13 I, 2. 10. 1| genetic makeup of crops, e.g. improve nutrient/water use
14 I, 2. 10. 1| for agricultural purposes (e.g. improvement of specific
15 I, 2. 10. 1| varieties and products, e.g. bioactive molecules.~ ~ ~
16 I, 2. 10. 2| for the classification (e.g. natural occurring vs. manufactured
17 I, 2. 10. 3| are provided to citizens (e.g. information on healthy living
18 I, 2. 10. 3| related preventative services (e.g. air and water quality on-line
19 I, 2. 10. 4| and inventory management (e.g. monitoring shelf life and
20 II, 5. 1. 1| irritant contact dermatitis (e.g. frequent exposure to mild
21 II, 5. 1. 1| pharmaceuticals. Some chemicals (e.g.: polychlorinated biphenyls (
22 II, 5. 3. 2| notifications from several sources (e.g. district hospitals, cancer
23 II, 5. 3. 2| from different divisions (e.g. pathology departments, medical
24 II, 5. 3. 4| and lifestyle factors ( e.g. unbalanced diet and alcohol)
25 II, 5. 4. 2| average national indicators (e.g. blood pressure increase
26 II, 5. 4. 2| involve clinical measurements (e.g. hospital discharges), frequently
27 II, 5. 4. 2| particularly for sensitive topics e.g. heavy drinking, smoking
28 II, 5. 4. 2| of different pathologies (e.g. diabetes mellitus). National
29 II, 5. 4. 7| typically a smaller State e.g. Malta, Cyprus etc), but
30 II, 5. 4. 7| diabetes status, risk factors e.g. obesity, lifestyle, clinical
31 II, 5. 5.Int| part of its policy work (e.g. on key competences for the
32 II, 5. 5.Int| patients’ organizations (e.g. Mental Health Europe, EUFAMI,
33 II, 5. 5. 1| other anxiety disorders (e.g. panic disorder and generalised
34 II, 5. 5. 1| exclusion at individual (e.g. Blakely et al 2003) and
35 II, 5. 5. 1| behaviour and completed suicide (e.g. Owens et al, 2002). The
36 II, 5. 5. 1| noted that some countries, e.g. Nordic Countries, currently
37 II, 5. 5. 1| psychological symptoms: E.g. the HBSC study, a large
38 II, 5. 5. 2| and executive functioning e.g. planning, organising, problem
39 II, 5. 5. 2| care. In some countries (e.g. Luxembourg and Germany),
40 II, 5. 5. 2| that is what they wish (e.g. Iceland). Younger people
41 II, 5. 5. 2| relatives providing care (e.g. in Greece and Romania),
42 II, 5. 5. 3| reported in textbooks - and e.g. in the fourth edition of
43 II, 5. 5. 3| to many other countries (e.g. Hovatta et al, 1997); more
44 II, 5. 5. 3| a decline in prevalence (e.g. Suvisaari et al, 1999),
45 II, 5. 5. 3| in schizophrenia research e.g. in Germany. Establishing
46 II, 5. 5. 3| Respective programmes – e.g. Romania has initiated a
47 II, 5. 5. 3| may become more prominent (e.g., elongated face and ears),
48 II, 5. 5. 3| of other health problems e.g. cardio-vascular diseases,
49 II, 5. 5. 3| neurological dysfunctions (e.g., visual and sensory disturbances,
50 II, 5. 5. 3| nervous system function e.g bladder, bowel and sexual
51 II, 5. 5. 3| several European countries (e.g. http ). These guidelines
52 II, 5. 6. 1| include: (1) joint conditions e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis; (
53 II, 5. 6. 1| osteoarthritis; (2) bone conditions e.g. osteoporosis and associated
54 II, 5. 6. 1| fractures; (3) spinal disorders e.g. low back pain; (4) regional
55 II, 5. 6. 1| musculoskeletal injuries e.g. high energy limb fractures,
56 II, 5. 7. 4| so-called competing risks (e.g. cardiovascular mortality
57 II, 5. 7. 6| models and new technologies (e.g. telemedicine) may be very
58 II, 5. 8. 1| Exposure to noxious agents (e.g. tobacco active and passive
59 II, 5. 9. FB| treat upper airways disease (e.g. allergic rhinitis ) to reduce
60 II, 5. 9. 4| observed within some countries (e.g. olive in Spain). While this
61 II, 5. 9. 4| in some large countries (e.g. Spain), it is also likely
62 II, 5. 10. 1| cross-reactive allergens (e.g., cross-reactivity between
63 II, 5. 10. 2| diagnosis), other information (e.g. EU legislation) and taxonomic
64 II, 5. 10. 2| or sensitization tests (e.g., skin prick tests, specific
65 II, 5. 10. 6| introduced in the market (e.g. novel foods, genetically
66 II, 5. 11. 1| major systemic diseases (e.g. infectious, vascular and
67 II, 5. 11. 1| conversely, skin failure (e.g. caused by a severe drug
68 II, 5. 11. 3| irritant contact dermatitis (e.g. frequent exposure to mild
69 II, 5. 11. 3| disorders. Metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hyperlipidemias,
70 II, 5. 11. 3| digestive tract diseases (e.g. dermatitis herpetiformis
71 II, 5. 11. 3| specific autoimmune diseases (e.g. alopecia areata, vitiligo)
72 II, 5. 11. 3| conduct reliable studies e.g., the mapping of molecular
73 II, 5. 11. 4| Nevertheless, there are exceptions, e.g. once melanoma has spread
74 II, 5. 11. 4| sites such as the face (e.g. acne) can result in loss
75 II, 5. 11. 4| important. Indirect costs e.g. the adverse effects on the
76 II, 5. 12. 3| central and Eastern Europe (e.g., Hungary, Romania, Croazia,
77 II, 5. 13 | Europe, some nutrients ( e.g. folate, calcium, iodine
78 II, 5. 14. 5| of sustainable measures, e.g. through innovative projects
79 II, 5. 15. 4| describes the incentives (e.g. 10-year market exclusivity,
80 II, 6. 3. 1| diseases further joint actions (e.g. through vaccination and
81 II, 6. 3. 2| against bacterial, viral (e.g. HIV, influenza), parasitic (
82 II, 6. 3. 3| data collection for STI, e.g. through screening programmes
83 II, 7. 1 | regulations for products (e.g. toys, child care articles,
84 II, 7. 1 | safety labels) and services (e.g. playgrounds, skiing slopes,
85 II, 7. 1 | are known as effective, e.g. car seat belts, pool fencing,
86 II, 7. 2 | particular injury sectors e.g. police recorded data for
87 II, 7. 2 | and accounting of services e.g. – and with a specific methodology.
88 II, 7. 2. 1| comparability issues remain (e.g. common coding practices
89 II, 7. 2. 6| detailed external causes e.g. activity, type of sports,
90 II, 7. 3. 4| several governmental units, e.g. health sector, consumer
91 II, 7. 4 | not yet widely available e.g. due to a lack of reliable
92 II, 7. 4 | the European standards (e.g. road traffic injuries and,
93 II, 7. 4 | and research is needed (e.g. calculation of costs, calculation
94 II, 7. 4. 2| individual risk factors (e.g. training of muscular strengths,
95 II, 7. 4. 4| adolescents” priority area: e.g. almost 70% of people injured
96 II, 7. 5 | initiatives of the Community (e.g. projects and tools), and
97 II, 7. 5 | comparable national indicators, e.g. on disabilities and costs;~·
98 II, 7. 5 | within the Commission, (e.g. Transport, Employment, Justice,
99 II, 7. 5 | support from the Commission, e.g. by means of the Public Health
100 II, 7. 6 | improvements of medical treatment ( e.g. trauma and emergency care).
101 II, 7. 6 | capacities at national level, e.g. national focal agencies
102 II, 8. 1. 5| participation through accessibility, e.g. by fostering accessibility
103 II, 9 | being developed over time (e.g. intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
104 II, 9. 1. 2| health service factors (e.g. the proportion of stillbirths
105 II, 9. 1. 2| and registry factors (e.g. specificity of coding and
106 II, 9. 1. 2| for congenital anomalies (e.g. surgery for congenital heart
107 II, 9. 1. 2| surgery is routinely indicated e.g. hypospadias, gastroschisis
108 II, 9. 1. 2| commonly prenatally diagnosed e.g. 39% of transposition of
109 II, 9. 1. 2| being developed over time (e.g. intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
110 II, 9. 1. 2| development of non-drug treatments e.g. improved shunts for hydrocephalus.~ ~
111 II, 9. 2. 3| affecting immune competence, e.g. AIDS.~ ~Overweight and obesity:
112 II, 9. 3. 1| within countries in type (e.g., vasomotor and psychological)
113 II, 9. 3. 3| addressing many topics ( e.g. first intercourse, number
114 II, 9. 4. 2| issues and older people (e.g. smoking, sexual health etc.)
115 II, 9. 4. 2| specific fatal diseases (e.g. stroke) and non-fatal diseases (
116 II, 9. 4. 2| and non-fatal diseases (e.g. arthritis) require special
117 II, 9. 5. 1| Denton, 2004; Iredale, 2007); e.g. risk factors, symptoms and
118 II, 9. 5. 1| Differences in health behaviour (e.g. tobacco use), risk taking,
119 II, 9. 5. 3| prone to risk behaviours, e.g. as they are perceived as
120 II, 9. 5. 3| normally regarded as advanced (e.g. Holland), have no specific
121 II, 9. 5. 3| punished. In some countries (e.g. Portugal), laws were adopted
122 II, 9. 5. 4| cardiovascular diseases - e.g. acute coronary syndrome -
123 II, 9. 5. 4| and mental illnesses - e.g. depression and schizophrenia;~ ~
124 III, 10. 1 | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. in diesel fumes~some metals
125 III, 10. 1 | diesel fumes~some metals e.g. arsenic, cadmium, chromium~
126 III, 10. 1 | inhalable particles~food, e.g. high cholesterol~stress~ ~
127 III, 10. 1 | UV radiation~Some metals e.g. nickel~pentachlorophenol~
128 III, 10. 1 | Diabetes, obesity~food, e.g. high fat~poor exercise~Reproductive
129 III, 10. 1. 1| study design and analysis: e.g. matching, adjustment, restriction,
130 III, 10. 1. 1| social reinforcing factors (e.g. peer acceptance and social
131 III, 10. 1. 1| taxes on tobacco products (e.g. smuggling and low quality
132 III, 10. 1. 1| as policies on smoking (e.g. age limits, public smoking,
133 III, 10. 1. 1| smoking, and social norms (e.g. smoking during pregnancy,
134 III, 10. 1. 1| between subpopulations (e.g. adolescents vs adults, underserved
135 III, 10. 1. 1| well as social isolation (e.g. after migration and resettlement)
136 III, 10. 2. 1| of the tobacco epidemic - e.g. Denmark, Germany, Finland
137 III, 10. 2. 1| been taken into account (e.g. the costs of informal care,
138 III, 10. 2. 1| reduce the supply of tobacco (e.g. through price and taxation
139 III, 10. 2. 1| the demand for tobacco (by e.g. raising awareness about
140 III, 10. 2. 1| including external causes (e.g. violence, accidents), stroke
141 III, 10. 2. 1| different risk behaviours (e.g. drugged driving). These
142 III, 10. 2. 1| high addictive potential (e.g. heroin), mainly due to sampling
143 III, 10. 2. 1| due to various reasons (e.g. unavailability of data,
144 III, 10. 2. 1| the common-risk factors – e.g. diet, smoking, alcohol,
145 III, 10. 2. 1| the common-risk factors – e.g. diet, smoking, alcohol,
146 III, 10. 2. 1| needed to measure activity (e.g. assessing the time spent
147 III, 10. 2. 1| activity) and inactivity (e.g. assessing the hours spent
148 III, 10. 2. 1| methods for data collection (e.g. self-administered questionnaires,
149 III, 10. 2. 1| Europe, some nutrients ( e.g. folate, calcium, iodine
150 III, 10. 2. 1| demand for antioxidants (e.g, smokers) and vitamins have
151 III, 10. 2. 1| and environmental factors (e.g. affordability and availability
152 III, 10. 2. 1| whole-of-government interventions (e.g. taxation and pricing policies)
153 III, 10. 2. 1| related to health promotion (e.g. those concerning smoking,
154 III, 10. 2. 1| methods with respect to e.g. establishing amounts and
155 III, 10. 2. 1| related communication tools e.g. food plate or food pyramid.
156 III, 10. 2. 1| Support a healthy start (e.g. promote optimal foetal nutrition;
157 III, 10. 2. 1| sustainable food supply (e.g. improve the availability
158 III, 10. 2. 1| education to consumers (e.g. conduct public campaigns
159 III, 10. 2. 1| address related determinants (e.g. increase opportunities to
160 III, 10. 2. 1| safety in the health sector (e.g. improve standards of service
161 III, 10. 2. 1| evaluation and research (e.g. establish national and international
162 III, 10. 2. 4| resulting in the same phenotype (e.g., breast cancer or obesity),
163 III, 10. 2. 4| factor at the same time (e.g., the role of ACE insertion-deletion
164 III, 10. 2. 4| to more than one disease (e.g., the role of G-308A TNF
165 III, 10. 2. 4| other health determinants (e.g. social, behavioural, environmental,
166 III, 10. 2. 4| modifier and triggering factor (e.g., epigenomic effects or the
167 III, 10. 2. 4| subgroups of the population (e.g. newborn screening, breast
168 III, 10. 2. 4| by communicable diseases (e.g. obesity by adenoviruses)
169 III, 10. 2. 4| adenoviruses) and one phenotype (e.g. obesity) can be rare in
170 III, 10. 2. 4| be rare in the one case (e.g., due to MC4R mutant and
171 III, 10. 3. 1| a given time interval T (e.g. 24 hour period, a night,
172 III, 10. 3. 1| static magnetic fields, e.g. with MRI (Magnetic Resonance
173 III, 10. 3. 1| self-reported symptoms (e.g. headache, fatigue, dizziness
174 III, 10. 3. 1| of the European region (e.g. regions or countries) with
175 III, 10. 3. 1| level will be facilitated, e.g. per sources and 5 dB band
176 III, 10. 3. 2| chemicals, agrochemicals (e.g. fertilizers, pesticides),
177 III, 10. 3. 2| emissions of certain pollutants e.g. carbon dioxide.~Industrial
178 III, 10. 3. 2| rapidly developing regions, e.g. in Asia, also leading to
179 III, 10. 3. 2| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. in diesel fumes~some metals
180 III, 10. 3. 2| diesel fumes~some metals e.g. arsenic, cadmium, chromium~
181 III, 10. 3. 2| inhalable particles~food, e.g. high cholesterol~stress~ ~
182 III, 10. 3. 2| UV radiation~Some metals e.g. nickel~pentachlorophenol~
183 III, 10. 3. 2| Diabetes, obesity~food, e.g. high fat~poor exercise~Reproductive
184 III, 10. 3. 2| proven for some stressors e.g. asbestos/cancer, or lead
185 III, 10. 3. 2| come from consumer products e.g. textiles (BgVV 2000, WHO
186 III, 10. 3. 2| environment via diffused sources e.g. in accidental cases, as
187 III, 10. 3. 2| measurements from some countries, e.g. Sweden. These show that
188 III, 10. 3. 3| also evolved against viral (e.g. HIV, influenza), parasitic (
189 III, 10. 3. 4| exacerbated by extreme weather, e.g. outdoor air pollutants (
190 III, 10. 4. 2| initiated relevant measures e.g. withdrawal or recall; (ii)
191 III, 10. 4. 2| well as by subpopulations e.g. infants, pregnant women,
192 III, 10. 4. 2| adopted relevant measures(e.g. withdrawal or recall); (
193 III, 10. 4. 2| their exported products (e.g. Thailand, Argentina and
194 III, 10. 4. 2| foods~Food-born viruses (e.g. Caliciviruses)~Most important
195 III, 10. 4. 2| naturally~present in the body, e.g.~oestradiol; analogues,~e.g.
196 III, 10. 4. 2| e.g.~oestradiol; analogues,~e.g. trenbolone; others,~e.g.
197 III, 10. 4. 2| e.g. trenbolone; others,~e.g. clenbuterol)~Residues in
198 III, 10. 4. 2| for certain contaminants (e.g. mycotoxins, dioxins, heavy
199 III, 10. 4. 2| in other countries, too (e.g. Switzerland, Norway, United
200 III, 10. 4. 2| industries and consumer products e.g. metal plating, fire fighting
201 III, 10. 4. 2| using selective detectors (e.g. fluorescence) with a reporting
202 III, 10. 4. 2| a series of food crises (e.g. BSE and dioxins) that threatened
203 III, 10. 4. 2| modified microorganism, e.g. laboratory research (in
204 III, 10. 4. 2| for experimental purposes (e.g. for field testing), is governed
205 III, 10. 4. 2| or consisting of GMOs), e.g. for cultivation, import
206 III, 10. 4. 2| such as for a food item (e.g. fish) containing useful
207 III, 10. 4. 2| certain population groups, e.g. vulnerable groups, should
208 III, 10. 4. 2| other European Agencies(e.g. ECDL and EEA). A scientific
209 III, 10. 4. 3| drinking water are appearing, e.g. nano-materials or residues
210 III, 10. 4. 4| of manufactured goods – e.g. cosmetics, personal care
211 III, 10. 4. 4| arise from consumer products e.g. textiles.~ ~One way of signalling
212 III, 10. 4. 4| of sectoral legislation (e.g. the many Directives on cosmetic
213 III, 10. 4. 5| human beings when bathing, e.g. by dermal contact with water,
214 III, 10. 4. 5| been fully developed yet (e.g. for monitoring viruses).
215 III, 10. 4. 5| involved. In several areas (e.g., the Baltic and North seas,
216 III, 10. 4. 5| to potential receptors (e.g. the existence of an impermeable
217 III, 10. 4. 5| exposure of the receptors (e.g. humans or animals). Therefore,
218 III, 10. 4. 5| frameworks already in place (e.g. Landfill Directive and other
219 III, 10. 5. 1| are supportive to health (e.g. better access to water supply
220 III, 10. 5. 1| working on settlement issues (e.g. UNHabitat, EU, ROSTAT, WHO,
221 III, 10. 5. 2| international Institutions (e.g. Un Habitat, EUROSTAT, WHO,
222 III, 10. 5. 2| residents, showing that e.g. for female citizens, there
223 III, 10. 5. 2| better health outcomes (e.g. all-cause mortality and
224 III, 10. 5. 2| specific rural illness, e.g. zoonoses ~• difficulties
225 III, 10. 5. 3| differently affected by absence. E.g. whereas 14% of women working
226 III, 10. 5. 3| current economic activities. E.g. in Belgium and Germany compensation
227 III, 10. 5. 3| involve external experts, e.g. OSH services, or assign
228 III, 10. 5. 3| personal protective equipment (e.g. protective footwear) appropriate
229 III, 10. 5. 3| Charter of health promotion e.g. by~- making workplace health
230 III, 10. 5. 3| public health institutions e.g. develop common training,
231 III, 10. 6. 1| social support variables, e.g. social networks and volunteer
232 III, 10. 6. 1| being safe. Such cues can e.g. be physical incivilities
233 III, 10. 6. 2| health-conducive behaviours (e.g. less smoking, modest improvements
234 III, 10. 6. 2| health care interventions (e.g. hypertension detection and
235 III, 10. 6. 2| sometimes for the better (e.g. in the Czech Republic),
236 III, 10. 6. 2| but often for the worse (e.g. in Hungary and Estonia),
237 III, 10. 6. 2| reduce these inequalities, e.g. by: addressing risk factors
238 III, 10. 6. 2| examples of effective practice, e.g. ‘Closing the Gap’ and the
239 III, 10. 6. 3| information on violence (e.g. homicides, are quoted in
240 IV, 11. 1. 3| ranging social policies (e.g. education leading to cleaner
241 IV, 11. 1. 3| assessments also in Europe (e.g. Rutstein et al, 1976; Mackenbach
242 IV, 11. 1. 3| social health insurance e.g. France, Austria, Greece,
243 IV, 11. 1. 3| competitive sickness funds e.g. Germany and the Netherlands;~
244 IV, 11. 1. 3| devolved tax funded systems e.g. Sweden and Spain;~4) centralized
245 IV, 11. 1. 3| centralized tax funded systems e.g. UK and Italy.~This delineation
246 IV, 11. 1. 3| to increase productivity (e.g. in Italy). For physicians,
247 IV, 11. 1. 3| prescription drug budgets (e.g. in Germany).~ ~Despite some
248 IV, 11. 1. 3| promise in this regard (e.g. the OECD Health Project
249 IV, 11. 1. 4| across population groups, e.g. socio-economic groups. However,
250 IV, 11. 1. 5| on clinical specialties - e.g. cataracts surgery - and
251 IV, 11. 1. 5| data to choose providers (e.g. Denmark and some states
252 IV, 11. 1. 5| have systems in place - e.g. the Czech Republic, Finland,
253 IV, 11. 1. 5| to introduce guidelines e.g. Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
254 IV, 11. 1. 5| motivated by other goals e.g. improving chronic disease
255 IV, 11. 1. 5| some have seen a decline (e.g. in Slovakia, Hungary, Germany).~ ~
256 IV, 11. 1. 6| committed to the health system e.g. costs and utilization rates (
257 IV, 11. 1. 6| developing a new system (e.g. in the Netherlands and Austria) (
258 IV, 11. 2. 1| determinants of health (e.g. GDP and behavioural factors)
259 IV, 11. 2. 2| only in some countries, e.g. Austria (from 1.6% total
260 IV, 11. 2. 2| funded by other ministries e.g. social and environmental
261 IV, 11. 3 | while physical resources e.g. hospitals and hospital beds,
262 IV, 11. 3. 1| the first point of contact e.g. the Netherlands, while in
263 IV, 11. 3. 2| reimbursement decisions, e.g. in Finland and the UK. However,
264 IV, 11. 3. 2| lower-cost generic equivalent (e.g. in France, the Netherlands,
265 IV, 11. 3. 2| permitted in some countries (e.g. Denmark, Finland, France,
266 IV, 11. 4 | examples of technologies are e.g.~· Diagnostics such as computer
267 IV, 11. 4 | and biological medicines e.g. monoclonal antibody (Trastuzumab)
268 IV, 11. 4 | and clinical interventions e.g. acute inpatient care and
269 IV, 11. 5. 6| potential of organ donation, e.g. by promoting cooperation
270 IV, 11. 6. 1| also situational factors (e.g. political changes), structural
271 IV, 11. 6. 1| changes), structural changes (e.g. economic and demographic
272 IV, 11. 6. 1| environmental factors (e.g. changes in regulation, developments
273 IV, 11. 6. 1| and cultural factors (e.g. status of professionals
274 IV, 11. 6. 2| contribution to health spending (e.g. Belgium), the central and
275 IV, 11. 6. 2| social health insurance (e.g. France, Germany, the Netherlands)
276 IV, 11. 6. 2| Netherlands) and also taxation (e.g. Latvia shifting from earmarked
277 IV, 11. 6. 2| predominantly tax-funded systems (e.g. Sweden, Finland, Italy and
278 IV, 11. 6. 2| exempt from income tax (e.g. savings), or some forms
279 IV, 11. 6. 2| introduced to limit cost sharing, e.g. in Estonia cost sharing
280 IV, 11. 6. 2| certain population groups – e.g. those considered more vulnerable -
281 IV, 11. 6. 2| patterns of utilization, e.g. in Germany and France where
282 IV, 11. 6. 2| Related to specific diseases (e.g. diabetes, epilepsy, transplantation,
283 IV, 11. 6. 2| information on informal charges (e.g. Slovakia and Romania). By
284 IV, 11. 6. 4| are also the purchasers (e.g. social insurance funds),
285 IV, 11. 6. 4| and resource collection, e.g. local health authorities
286 IV, 11. 6. 4| purchasing relying on an active (e.g. with explicit performance
287 IV, 11. 6. 4| rather than passive approach (e.g. full retrospective reimbursement) (
288 IV, 11. 6. 4| combination of positive lists (e.g. benefits catalogues) and
289 IV, 11. 6. 4| aspects of the health system (e.g., health care budgets, national
290 IV, 11. 6. 4| that are dedicated to HTA (e.g. National Institute for Sickness
291 IV, 11. 6. 4| decision-making, while others (e.g. France) employ the assessments
292 IV, 11. 6. 4| population being considered (e.g., socio-economic level, income)
293 IV, 11. 6. 4| survival or waiting time (e.g. in case of hip fracture,
294 IV, 11. 6. 4| the confounding factors (e.g. the specific characteristics
295 IV, 11. 6. 4| linkage with other archives (e.g. hospital discharges, mortality
296 IV, 12. 3 | community financial resources (e.g. structural funds and the
297 IV, 12. 3 | for a variety of reasons (e.g. religion, handicap, age
298 IV, 12. 4 | ENV~Environmental health e.g. air quality, water quality,
299 IV, 12. 5 | Action Programme of DG Sanco (e.g. ECHIM and the Working Party
300 IV, 12. 10 | for adverse by-products, e.g. waste incineration plants,
301 IV, 12. 10 | and its agencies (e.g. www. ). Together with civil
302 IV, 12. 10 | civil society organisations (e.g. Council on Road Traffic
303 IV, 12. 10 | and problems accumulate e.g. homelessness, violence affected
304 IV, 12. 10 | disease management programmes, e.g. DMP CVD, structured hypertension
305 IV, 12. 10 | behaviours relating to health (e.g. exercise, nutrition) and
306 IV, 12. 10 | Centers for some diseases (e.g AIDS, Influenza, Hepatitis
307 IV, 12. 10 | some economic initiatives (e.g discounts on connections
308 IV, 12. 10 | over-consumption~Many campaigns (e.g TV spots, leaflets, events
309 IV, 12. 10 | studies and student life (e.g. test-anxiety, academic difficulties,
310 IV, 12. 10 | relationship problems (e.g. friends, fellow students,
311 IV, 12. 10 | anxiety manifestations (e.g. under-achievement, lack
312 IV, 12. 10 | of some food ingredients (e.g salt, fat, etc)~ ~The Ministry
313 IV, 13.Acr | allocated to public health e.g. Austria, Finland, France,
314 IV, 13.Acr | funded by other ministries e.g. social and environmental
315 IV, 13. 5 | Mortality reversals have e.g. occurred in Eastern Europe.
316 IV, 13. 5 | reduce these inequalities, e.g. by: addressing risk factors
317 IV, 13. 5 | improvements would be needed (e.g. schizophrenia and transplants).~ ~
318 IV, 13. 7. 3| character of the problem (e.g., infectious diseases and
319 IV, 13. 7. 3| issues), problems of scale (e.g. when studying very infrequent
320 IV, 13. 7. 4| include assisted reproduction (e.g. cloning) or birth control (
321 IV, 13. 7. 4| cloning) or birth control (e.g. day-after pill) methodologies
322 IV, 13. 7. 5| processing of sensitive data (e.g. health data) states that
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