Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 3 | provided to them may be lower than in general. Migrants'
2 I, 2. 3 | second generation, have much lower rates, mostly only slightly
3 I, 2. 4 | higher among those with lower levels of education, occupational
4 I, 2. 4 | socio-economic groups than in the lower. The faster mortality declines
5 I, 2. 4 | deteriorated more, in the lower socio-economic groups. Apparently,
6 I, 2. 4 | higher among those with a lower educational level, occupational
7 I, 2. 4 | higher prevalence in the lower educational groups.~ ~Moreover,
8 I, 2. 4 | retired people generally have lower incomes than employed workers,
9 I, 2. 4 | Larger numbers of people with lower incomes will in turn lead
10 I, 2. 4 | policies and those tailored to lower socio-economic groups is
11 I, 2. 5 | retired people generally have lower incomes than employed workers,
12 I, 2. 5 | Larger numbers of people with lower incomes will in turn lead
13 I, 2. 5 | fees – which can affect lower pensions to a greater extent.
14 I, 2. 6 | somewhat and are generally lower than at lower level (European
15 I, 2. 6 | generally lower than at lower level (European Commission,
16 I, 2. 7 | square meter prices were much lower. However, in recent years,
17 I, 2. 8 | greenhouse gases but generally lower than for other fossil fuels~
18 I, 2. 10. 4| more efficient way and at a lower cost than manual identification
19 I, 3. 1 | first birth would have been lower than what it currently is.
20 I, 3. 1 | States, although slightly lower in Eastern Europe. Currently
21 I, 3. 1 | particular year (period TFR) is lower, but the ultimate number
22 I, 3. 1 | at about 10%) and even lower in France (8%). More recent
23 I, 3. 1 | without children, due to lower ever-marriage-rates for
24 I, 3. 1 | are much more likely than lower educated women to remain
25 I, 3. 1 | easily, ceteris paribus, than lower educated women (Beets et
26 I, 3. 2 | 2006, only Bulgaria had a lower population size than in
27 I, 3. 2 | Slovakia, and a more than 20% lower population size is expected
28 I, 3. 3 | both are more related to lower fertility than to higher
29 I, 3. 3 | variation over time was much lower than for Children. Sweden,
30 I, 3. 3 | figures are significantly lower. The largest changes are
31 II, 4. 1 | States countries have much lower life expectancies, showing
32 II, 4. 1 | the USA but three years lower than in Japan. Secondly,
33 II, 4. 2 | the 1980s (1.9 years) was lower than in the 1970s (2.3 years),
34 II, 4. 2 | for women are considerably lower than for men, but in recent
35 II, 4. 2 | average annual increase is .02 lower. This implies that it will
36 II, 5. 1. 1| developed countries and lower/middle income developing
37 II, 5. 2. 1| higher mortality in the lower socio-economic class.~IHD
38 II, 5. 2. 3| Eastern Europe countries have lower rates than Northern and
39 II, 5. 2. 3| were more than seven times lower than in Eastern Europe countries.
40 II, 5. 2. 3| were more than four times lower than in Eastern Europe countries.~ ~
41 II, 5. 2. 4| Prevalence of smoking in women is lower except in Sweden, but in
42 II, 5. 2. 7| of body mass reduction to lower cardiovascular risk: The
43 II, 5. 3. 2| living in poor areas is lower than for those living in
44 II, 5. 3. 3| malignancies survival is lower in the elderly patients
45 II, 5. 3. 5| per 100,000). Finland had lower male incidence rate compared
46 II, 5. 3. 5| women incidence rates are lower.~Figures 5.3.13a and 5.3.
47 II, 5. 3. 5| per 100,000). Sweden had a lower male incidence rate compared
48 II, 5. 3. 5| latter country should be lower than the incidence rate
49 II, 5. 3. 5| countries. Countries with lower GDP may have difficulties
50 II, 5. 3. 6| Denmark and England had lower survival than the other
51 II, 5. 3. 6| both for men and women. Lower levels of survival were
52 II, 5. 3. 6| Netherlands and Spain); but was lower - between 25 and 35% - in
53 II, 5. 3. 6| for cervical cancer was lower in Poland (48%) and higher
54 II, 5. 3. 6| intermediate in Southern Europe, lower in the UK and Denmark, and
55 II, 5. 3. 6| countries. Denmark and UK had lower all-cancer survival than
56 II, 5. 3. 6| Northern European countries and lower in Eastern European countries,
57 II, 5. 3. 7| target population (especially lower socio-economic groups),
58 II, 5. 3. 7| and produce less harm and lower costs than spontaneous (
59 II, 5. 4. 2| in the first report (i.e. lower extremity amputations rates,
60 II, 5. 4. 2| control~Distal outcomes~Lower extremity amputation rates~
61 II, 5. 4. 3| from children that have lower figures, there does not
62 II, 5. 4. 3| Finland. The percentage is lower in men than in women. The
63 II, 5. 4. 3| 5%. The percentages are lower in children and people above
64 II, 5. 4. 3| above 80%. These values were lower in young people and in people
65 II, 5. 5.Int| EU27. But despite their lower prevalence, the associated
66 II, 5. 5.Int| problems are working, a lower number than any other group
67 II, 5. 5.Int| older women and in people of lower socio economic status requires
68 II, 5. 5.Int| were higher among women of lower education, but that education
69 II, 5. 5. 1| distinguished:~ ~1) those with a lower prevalence of psychological
70 II, 5. 5. 1| aged 15 to 24 presented lower risks than older adults.
71 II, 5. 5. 1| age range (³65 years) have lower risk than younger adults.~ ~
72 II, 5. 5. 1| all countries have much lower suicide mortality rates
73 II, 5. 5. 2| certain countries have lower percentages of people with
74 II, 5. 5. 3| individuals (ratio 1.84), and lower in the least developed countries.
75 II, 5. 5. 3| general community and have a lower life expectancy. Despite
76 II, 5. 5. 3| the fact that Europe has a lower proportion of psychiatric
77 II, 5. 5. 3| syndromes was generally lower. The rate was 15.3 per 100,
78 II, 5. 5. 3| 4.3). The prevalence is lower in infancy and tends to
79 II, 5. 5. 3| general population, which is lower in children, and by the
80 II, 5. 5. 3| coastal Vaasa and relatively lower rates in Uusimaa in the
81 II, 5. 5. 3| multiple sclerosis in South Lower Saxony, Germany. Neuroepidemiology
82 II, 5. 5. 3| parkinsonism”, have a much lower prevalence (MSA:1.86 to
83 II, 5. 5. 3| advanced disease have a lower probability of participation
84 II, 5. 5. 3| of Parkinson’s disease in lower Aragon, Spain. Mov Disord
85 II, 5. 6. 3| having RA at presentation is lower, namely around 10-30%. Clinic-based
86 II, 5. 7. 1| one-third to one-quarter lower than those spent on dialysis
87 II, 5. 7. 3| Levey et al, 1999), is lower in females than in males.
88 II, 5. 7. 3| months-16 years) and applying a lower GFR cut-off for defining
89 II, 5. 7. 3| Prevalence of RRT in Europeans is lower than that in US whites (
90 II, 5. 7. 3| respectively.~Mortality on RRT is lower in Europe compared to the
91 II, 5. 7. 3| and 12% (cohort 1995-1999) lower risk of death. The mortality
92 II, 5. 7. 3| Levey et al, 1999), is lower in females than in males.
93 II, 5. 7. 6| whereas costs of treatment are lower, it is important to increase
94 II, 5. 8. 2| pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection~ ~ ~
95 II, 5. 8. 2| exacerbation ( J4 )~with acute lower respiratory infection ( J4 )~
96 II, 5. 8. 3| and highlighted that a lower health status (total SGRQ >
97 II, 5. 8. 4| bronchitis showed 252 mL lower forced expiratory volume
98 II, 5. 9. 3| estimates in ECRHS were lower; however, there was a good
99 II, 5. 9. 3| themselves, this figure is much lower than the prevalence estimates
100 II, 5. 9. 4| respectively, P = 0.04). Lower risks for lifetime asthma (
101 II, 5. 11. 3| venous insufficiency of the lower limbs, etc. Among all these,
102 II, 5. 11. 3| industrialized Midlands and lower rates in Wales and Scotland.~ ~
103 II, 5. 11. 3| matter of hours and at a much lower concentration of nickel
104 II, 5. 11. 3| in Nordic countries and lower in southern European populations,
105 II, 5. 12. 3| rates from cirrhosis were lower in women from all countries (
106 II, 5. 14. 3| Such a positive trend of lower dental caries experience
107 II, 5. 14. 3| prevalence of deep pockets is lower in populations of OECD countries
108 II, 5. 14. 3| underrepresented minorities, and lower socioeconomic classes. It
109 II, 5. 15. 3| 1-9. This estimation is lower than the prevalence figures
110 II, 6. 3. 4| the 2003–04 season, but lower or equal to the 2003–04
111 II, 6. 3. 4| represented 4%. Mean age is lower in western countries like
112 II, 6. 3. 4| proportion of foreigners was lower in general, suggesting that
113 II, 6. 3. 4| the co-prevalence was much lower in other countries with
114 II, 6. 3. 5| around one per million or lower.~ ~All diseases covered
115 II, 6. 3. 5| strongly correlated with lower vaccination uptake.~High
116 II, 6. 3. 5| the general incidence was lower. A slight decrease was observed
117 II, 6. 3. 6| subsequently dropped to lower levels. In the last 10 years,
118 II, 8. 1. 3| considerable limitations were 22% lower than those of people without
119 II, 8. 1. 3| strong limitations are 12% lower, while those of women considerably
120 II, 8. 1. 3| considerably limited are 28% lower, than those of people (both
121 II, 8. 2. 1| mental health disorders, and lower rates of cardiovascular
122 II, 8. 2. 1| characterized by significantly lower than average level of general
123 II, 8. 2. 1| Evidence suggests that lower socio-economic status contributes
124 II, 9 | countries of the EU15 have lower levels of physical activity
125 II, 9 | leave an individual with lower functional capacity than
126 II, 9. 1. 1| recording systems impose a lower limit of 500 grams for registration
127 II, 9. 1. 2| differences are represented by the lower prevalence experienced by
128 II, 9. 1. 2| Italy however, rates are lower and an increase in prevalence
129 II, 9. 2. 3| consideration may explain why much lower asthma rates are reported
130 II, 9. 2. 3| programmes are associated to a lower rate of suicide attempts
131 II, 9. 3. 1| problems are working, a lower number than any other group
132 II, 9. 3. 1| The rates are consistently lower for females across the lifespan,
133 II, 9. 3. 1| earlier and die earlier (lower survival) from the majority
134 II, 9. 3. 1| noted that men also have lower survival rates for cancer (
135 II, 9. 3. 1| socio-economically. Their lower social position in many
136 II, 9. 3. 1| ophorectomy, and continues at a lower rate for the remainder of
137 II, 9. 3. 1| common histologic finding.~ ~Lower genital and urinary tract
138 II, 9. 3. 1| of testosterone towards lower levels. Considering the
139 II, 9. 3. 1| countries of the EU15 have lower levels of physical activity
140 II, 9. 3. 2| the percentage is even lower. Legislation, financing (
141 II, 9. 3. 3| be a consequence of the lower priority given to sexual
142 II, 9. 3. 3| experience tend to have lower numbers of partners than
143 II, 9. 4. 1| increasing. This, combined with lower birth rates, gender, the
144 II, 9. 4. 3| older women and in people of lower socio-economic status deserves
145 II, 9. 4. 3| were higher among women of lower education, but that education
146 II, 9. 4. 4| leave an individual with lower functional capacity than
147 II, 9. 4. 5| age groups, poverty and lower socio-economic status increase
148 II, 9. 5. 1| adult mortality rate is lower than the male adult mortality
149 II, 9. 5. 1| In addition, women have lower access to healthcare and
150 II, 9. 5. 1| women with children have lower employment rates than those
151 II, 9. 5. 3| advantageous work conditions, lower education and other stresses
152 II, 9. 5. 3| women with children have lower employment rates than those
153 II, 9. 5. 3| countries, older people have a lower average standard of education
154 II, 9. 5. 3| Sweden now register in the lower scale of overall elder poverty
155 II, 9. 5. 3| elderly invariably receive lower average incomes than the
156 II, 9. 5. 3| people may be affected by lower income, women are particularly
157 II, 9. 5. 3| at a higher risk due to lower body weight and their different
158 II, 9. 5. 3| stop smoking, tend to have lower education and employment
159 II, 9. 5. 3| countries of the EU-15 have lower levels of physical activity
160 II, 9. 5. 3| expectancy of women and their lower average age at marriage,
161 III, 10. 1. 1| energy as carbohydrate and a lower percentage as fat compared
162 III, 10. 1. 1| rates of depression are lower in families with higher
163 III, 10. 2. 1| smoking is prevalent among lower socio-economic groups. European
164 III, 10. 2. 1| other respiratory effects~Lower respiratory illness~COPD*,
165 III, 10. 2. 1| years and over' may mean the lower age limit is at the ages
166 III, 10. 2. 1| countries with higher and lower prevalence of smoking in
167 III, 10. 2. 1| countries reached a plateau at lower levels than male rates,
168 III, 10. 2. 1| progressively more a habit of the lower socio-economic groups.~ ~
169 III, 10. 2. 1| more prevalent among the lower educated, whereby the education
170 III, 10. 2. 1| adult as Malta, and even lower levels visible in non-EU
171 III, 10. 2. 1| drinking levels are slightly lower in the EU10 and significantly
172 III, 10. 2. 1| the EU10 and significantly lower in southern Europe, which
173 III, 10. 2. 1| usually drink alcohol at lower levels, but who engage periodically
174 III, 10. 2. 1| conditions, which are stronger in lower consuming than higher consuming
175 III, 10. 2. 1| children pre-natally exposed to lower levels of alcohol can also
176 III, 10. 2. 1| countries and 0.5g/l or lower in most countries in Europe).
177 III, 10. 2. 1| and fatalities.~ ~Setting lower BALs (including a zero level)
178 III, 10. 2. 1| designated drivers are generally lower than those of their passengers
179 III, 10. 2. 1| server training results in lower BAC levels of customers
180 III, 10. 2. 1| illicit drug use are much lower than for cannabis among
181 III, 10. 2. 1| of cocaine use is 2% or lower. Lifetime ecstasy use was
182 III, 10. 2. 1| starting from a slightly lower level but ending at slightly
183 III, 10. 2. 1| socioeconomic status to those with lower. In most countries, however,
184 III, 10. 2. 1| prevalent among people of lower rather than higher socioeconomic
185 III, 10. 2. 1| increasing area deprivation and lower household income (Jotangia
186 III, 10. 2. 1| level of 400 µg per day. The lower recommendations for children
187 III, 10. 2. 1| and growth in children, lower resistance to infections
188 III, 10. 2. 1| Bioavailability is generally lower from plant food making vegetarians
189 III, 10. 2. 1| high fibre” and “helps lower cholesterol”) on foodstuffs
190 III, 10. 2. 5| brain injury at doses much lower than those affecting adult
191 III, 10. 3. 1| health impacts occurs at a lower lever than what has been
192 III, 10. 3. 1| population by establishing lower reference levels for radon
193 III, 10. 3. 1| based on known hazards at lower frequencies and higher frequencies.
194 III, 10. 3. 2| brain injury at doses much lower than those affecting adult
195 III, 10. 3. 4| important, as are the often lower socioeconomic status of
196 III, 10. 3. 4| Rome) and in groups with lower educational levels (+43%
197 III, 10. 4. 1| symptoms in children and lower lung function at higher
198 III, 10. 4. 1| are able to penetrate the lower respiratory tract (PM2.5 ),
199 III, 10. 4. 1| considered the costs may be lower.~ ~There are many examples
200 III, 10. 4. 1| transport strategy resulted in lower traffic emissions and less
201 III, 10. 4. 2| intrinsically more active at lower doses - together with the
202 III, 10. 4. 2| of the pyrethroids, with lower rates of application, increased
203 III, 10. 4. 2| pesticides in more samples with lower limits of detection and
204 III, 10. 4. 2| these are generally at lower levels. This reflects patterns
205 III, 10. 4. 3| to safe drinking-water is lower in the eastern part of the
206 III, 10. 4. 3| safe drinking water remains lower, albeit rising from 58%
207 III, 10. 4. 5| per se has a relatively lower importance. This may be
208 III, 10. 4. 5| hazardous waste disposal is much lower out of Europe, there is
209 III, 10. 5. 1| connected households can be much lower than in urban areas.~ ~It
210 III, 10. 5. 2| addition, it indicates a lower level or urbanisation in
211 III, 10. 5. 2| dependency rate is slightly lower in rural than in urban areas (
212 III, 10. 5. 2| rural settings, while in many cases lower rural disease prevalence
213 III, 10. 5. 3| the reporting levels are lower, usually ranging between
214 III, 10. 5. 3| order of tasks, slightly lower proportions report no control
215 III, 10. 5. 3| studied and turns out in lower health expenditure. Observed
216 III, 10. 6. 1| Italy, Spain, Greece) and lower in Scandinavian countries (
217 III, 10. 6. 2| patterned with higher risks in lower status people.~ ~
218 III, 10. 6. 2| conditions is more prevalent in lower socio-economic groups. Last
219 III, 10. 6. 2| these social risk factors in lower status groups across one’
220 III, 10. 6. 2| higher among those with lower levels of education, occupational
221 III, 10. 6. 2| socio-economic groups than in the lower. The faster mortality declines
222 III, 10. 6. 2| deteriorated more, in the lower socio-economic groups. Apparently,
223 III, 10. 6. 2| higher among those with a lower educational level, occupational
224 III, 10. 6. 2| higher prevalence in the lower educational groups (Table
225 III, 10. 6. 2| retired people generally have lower incomes than employed workers,
226 III, 10. 6. 2| Larger numbers of people with lower incomes will in turn lead
227 III, 10. 6. 2| policies and those tailored to lower socio-economic groups is
228 III, 10. 6. 2| countries and regions with lower levels of health so that
229 III, 10. 6. 3| male respondents were much lower than from females. On average,
230 IV, 11. 1. 5| cancer screening, rates are lower than for mammography, with
231 IV, 11. 1. 5| Poland and Sweden, and with lower rates (less than 50%) in
232 IV, 11. 1. 5| worried. Women, older age and lower education levels tend to
233 IV, 11. 1. 6| income, patient capitation if lower patient income.~ ~Salary.
234 IV, 11. 1. 6| patient income,~capitation if lower patient income.~ ~ ~Blended
235 IV, 11. 1. 6| providers to treat patients with lower expected costs than the
236 IV, 11. 1. 6| episodes with much higher or lower resource use than average)
237 IV, 11. 1. 6| beds, patients experienced lower waiting times and increased
238 IV, 11. 1. 6| Austria being relatively lower and closer to those of tax-funded
239 IV, 11. 1. 6| tax-funded systems. The lower level of administrative
240 IV, 11. 1. 6| administration are much lower for the statutory health
241 IV, 11. 2. 1| duplication of services and lower levels of equity and efficiency (
242 IV, 11. 2. 1| service coordination. While lower mortality rates are associated
243 IV, 11. 2. 1| US and Canada) with much lower rates in Portugal, France,
244 IV, 11. 3. 1| medical schools. But the lower numbers of physicians also
245 IV, 11. 3. 2| Netherlands) or at a proportion lower than the price of the original
246 IV, 11. 3. 2| in Belgium, fixed at 26% lower) (Mrazek and Mossialos,
247 IV, 11. 5. 5| efforts are centred on a lower number of projects but of
248 IV, 11. 6. 2| Europe, with a trend to lower both scope and depth in
249 IV, 11. 6. 2| heavier financial burden on lower income groups (Hills, 2000).
250 IV, 11. 6. 2| a single fund may have lower administrative costs because
251 IV, 11. 6. 2| France where co-payments are lower if a GP referral for specialist
252 IV, 11. 6. 3| disproportionately more than those on lower income (De Graeve and Van
253 IV, 11. 6. 3| income from higher to the lower income groups depends on
254 IV, 11. 6. 3| public spending benefits the lower income groups disproportionately
255 IV, 11. 6. 3| taxes can be seen in the UK. Lower income households pay a
256 IV, 12. 2 | countries, and 0.5g/l or lower in most countries in Europe.
257 IV, 12. 2 | and fatalities.~ ~Setting lower BALs (including a zero level)
258 IV, 12. 2 | designated drivers are generally lower than those of their passengers
259 IV, 12. 2 | server training results in lower BAC levels of customers
260 IV, 12. 10 | are designed for helping lower socioeconomic groups, are
261 IV, 12. 10 | consequences) and 0,05 % (lower limit for infringement of
262 IV, 12. 10 | alleviate the problems in the lower socioeconomic groups, such
263 IV, 13. 2. 2| pollution in 2004. Acute lower respiratory tract infections
264 IV, 13. 2. 3| be born into families of lower socioeconomic status. Hypertension,
265 IV, 13. 2. 3| outdoor air pollution. Acute lower respiratory tract infections
266 IV, 13. 2. 3| contamination, the health loss is lower than that of a number of
267 IV, 13. 5 | policies and those tailored to lower socio-economic groups is
268 IV, 13. 6. 1| these children may obtain lower level employment and also
