Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 10. 3 | Council that a European health insurance card should replace paper
2 II, 5. 1. 4 | partner, travel agent, insurance company or national health
3 II, 5. 1. 4 | about the most suitable insurance, reimbursements and provisions,
4 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2.7. Insurance/reimbursement records~ ~
5 II, 5. 4. 2 | reimbursement records~ ~Insurance/reimbursement schemes (RS)
6 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental health and from health insurance data. In addition, the HfA
7 II, 5. 5. 2 | is a separate obligatory insurance for long-term care. In Austria,
8 II, 5. 5. 2 | being taken up by certain insurance companies offering positive
9 II, 5. 5. 2 | introduction of the long-term care insurance but also more recently in
10 II, 5. 5. 3 | are available in Health Insurance Centre (treatment attendance
11 II, 5. 5. 3 | in part be due to health insurance policies but are probably
12 II, 5. 5. 3 | Observed~Expected~ ~ ~Europe~Insurance policies~Prevalent cohorts~
13 II, 5. 5. 3 | Olafsson et al., 1998~Poland~Insurance policies~Prevalent cohort~
14 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2.4~Alstrom, 1950 (*)~ ~Insurance policies~Prevalent cohort~
15 II, 5. 14. 3 | them, even if they have insurance coverage or qualify for
16 II, 5. 14. 3 | qualify for the oral health insurance program. Residents of institutions
17 II, 5. 14. 7 | However, people without health insurance, ageing people, deprived
18 II, 7. 2 | for the traffic sector and insurance recorded data for the occupational
19 II, 7. 2. 4 | Security) or private specific insurance for accidents at work, or
20 II, 9. 3. 2 | financing (public/private insurance/couples themselves), demand
21 III, 10. 2. 1 | Swiss National Accident Insurance Organisation (SUVA), Department
22 III, 10. 3. 4 | non-governmental organisations, insurance companies, research institutes
23 III, 10. 3. 4 | familiar possessions. Lack of insurance is also likely to make recovery
24 III, 10. 3. 4 | and flood forecasting and insurance policies. It also implies
25 III, 10. 5. 3 | place in the Member States: Insurance based systems where care
26 III, 10. 5. 3 | health promotion and statutory social insurance institutions. Through the
27 III, 10. 5. 3 | for companies and social insurance institutions.~Diseases often
28 III, 10. 5. 3 | health and safety and social insurance need to influence policies
29 III, 10. 5. 3 | health and safety and social insurance need to influence policies
30 IV, 11.Acr | Tomography~PHI~Private health insurance~SHARE~Survey of Health,
31 IV, 11. 1. 3 | unreformed’ social health insurance e.g. France, Austria, Greece,
32 IV, 11. 1. 3 | Slovenia;~2) social health insurance with competitive sickness
33 IV, 11. 1. 3 | contracted model of social health insurance (Bismarck model)2. This
34 IV, 11. 1. 3(2)| varying forms that social insurance (‘Bismarkian’) systems take
35 IV, 11. 1. 3 | introducing competition between insurance funds in systems with social
36 IV, 11. 1. 3 | funds in systems with social insurance; c) separating purchasing
37 IV, 11. 1. 4 | care is coverage by health insurance. Universal, or near universal,
38 IV, 11. 1. 4 | income groups with private insurance to access certain services
39 IV, 11. 1. 4 | mainly by social health insurance, and in particular to those
40 IV, 11. 1. 5 | 2003). In Germany, health insurance funds impose data and documentation
41 IV, 11. 1. 6 | systems, while in social insurance systems fee-for-service
42 IV, 11. 1. 6 | transparent, information for insurance funds improved, and hospital
43 IV, 11. 1. 6 | increased accessibility, insurance plans expanded their benefits
44 IV, 11. 1. 6 | of funds and handling of insurance claims. Often expenditure
45 IV, 11. 1. 6 | show that social health insurance countries generally have
46 IV, 11. 1. 6 | generalized the provision of insurance through competing private
47 IV, 11. 1. 6 | through competing private insurance funds though with heavy
48 IV, 11. 1. 6 | the collection of health insurance premiums from the collection
49 IV, 11. 1. 6 | 2004).~ ~Private health insurance (PHI) is associated with
50 IV, 11. 1. 6 | statutory public health insurance systems. This results from
51 IV, 11. 1. 6 | bureaucracy involved in private insurance markets related to assessing
52 IV, 11. 1. 6 | for the statutory health insurance systems, around 3-5% in
53 IV, 11. 2. 1 | systems of social health insurance tend to have higher levels
54 IV, 11. 2. 1 | countries with social health insurance systems in Western Europe
55 IV, 11. 3. 1 | contracted by a regional insurance fund, are present in Austria
56 IV, 11. 3. 2 | of the statutory health insurance system. The public share
57 IV, 11. 3. 2 | whether government or insurance fund - pays. The reference
58 IV, 11. 3. 2 | the cost of drugs to the insurance beneficiaries depend both
59 IV, 11. 6. 2 | financing to employment related insurance contributions. There is
60 IV, 11. 6. 2 | resources by individual insurance funds. Some countries have
61 IV, 11. 6. 2 | competition between health insurance funds to improve purchasing,
62 IV, 11. 6. 2 | The role of private health insurance remains quite small although
63 IV, 11. 6. 2 | countries. Since private insurance generally services richer
64 IV, 11. 6. 2 | or local taxes and social insurance contributions, with private
65 IV, 11. 6. 2 | consisting of private health insurance, medical saving accounts (
66 IV, 11. 6. 2 | out-of-pocket payments and private insurance. Out-of-pocket payments
67 IV, 11. 6. 2 | countries. Private health insurance (PHI) plays a relatively
68 IV, 11. 6. 2 | countries where private health insurance was not available prior
69 IV, 11. 6. 2 | general taxation and social insurance contributions (usually payroll
70 IV, 11. 6. 2 | with predominantly social insurance funding include Austria,
71 IV, 11. 6. 2 | taxation to social health insurance contribution mechanisms
72 IV, 11. 6. 2 | financed through social health insurance (e.g. France, Germany, the
73 IV, 11. 6. 2 | system of statutory social insurance and private (substitutive)
74 IV, 11. 6. 2 | private (substitutive) health insurance to a heavily regulated system
75 IV, 11. 6. 2 | system of statutory health insurance with competing private insurance
76 IV, 11. 6. 2 | insurance with competing private insurance funds.~ ~Table 11.12. Financing
77 IV, 11. 6. 2 | corporate income, unlike social insurance contributions which are
78 IV, 11. 6. 2 | section on Social Health Insurance below), which arguably will
79 IV, 11. 6. 2 | populations. Among social health insurance systems, the trend towards
80 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Progressivity).~ ~Social health insurance~ ~Social health insurance
81 IV, 11. 6. 2 | insurance~ ~Social health insurance provides the organizing
82 IV, 11. 6. 2 | introduced earmarked social insurance contributions levied on
83 IV, 11. 6. 2 | because the social health insurance contributions have been
84 IV, 11. 6. 2 | see footnote 4).~ ~Social insurance contributions are usually
85 IV, 11. 6. 2 | The advantages of social insurance contributions are common
86 IV, 11. 6. 2 | public. Also, social health insurance revenue may be better protected
87 IV, 11. 6. 2 | if eligibility for health insurance is dependent on income or
88 IV, 11. 6. 2 | agents vary across social insurance systems. Contributions can
89 IV, 11. 6. 2 | by the individual health insurance funds, as in Austria, the
90 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| channelled through social insurance funds as social insurance
91 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| insurance funds as social insurance contributions in spite of
92 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| funds that are allocated to insurance funds to subsidize for those
93 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| Therefore, the level of social insurance contributions may be overestimated
94 IV, 11. 6. 2 | 2008).~ ~Relying on health insurance funds to collect resources
95 IV, 11. 6. 2 | collecting revenue from the insurance funds (in Romania for the
96 IV, 11. 6. 2 | in 1998 to extend social insurance contributions to a tax on
97 IV, 11. 6. 2 | represented a shift from a social insurance model based on wage to a
98 IV, 11. 6. 2 | total income, making health insurance funds’ revenue less vulnerable
99 IV, 11. 6. 2 | In 2006 tax transfers to insurance funds were introduced to
100 IV, 11. 6. 2 | 2008).~ ~The 2006 Health Insurance Law of the Netherlands also
101 IV, 11. 6. 2 | separate (public and private) insurance schemes with one national
102 IV, 11. 6. 2 | it is a statutory health insurance scheme characterized by
103 IV, 11. 6. 2 | presence of multiple funds, the insurance market is apparently consolidating
104 IV, 11. 6. 2 | currently there are 19 private insurance funds, but only 5 when one
105 IV, 11. 6. 2 | some belong to the same insurance conglomerate (Klazinga,
106 IV, 11. 6. 2 | 2007).~ ~Private health insurance~ ~The majority of healthcare
107 IV, 11. 6. 2 | mechanisms include private health insurance (PHI) and out-of-pocket
108 IV, 11. 6. 2 | independent, private-for-profit insurance companies (in countries
109 IV, 11. 6. 2 | or private not-for-profit insurance companies and funds (in
110 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Thomson, 2004). Substitutive insurance substitutes for cover that
111 IV, 11. 6. 2 | excluded from) the statutory insurance scheme. In Portugal and
112 IV, 11. 6. 2 | resistance. Supplementary insurance provides cover for faster
113 IV, 11. 6. 2 | choice. As supplementary insurance allows individuals additional
114 IV, 11. 6. 2 | those with and without this insurance (van Doorslaer et al, 2004;
115 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Thomson, 2004). Complementary insurance provides cover for services
116 IV, 11. 6. 2 | the form of substitutive insurance (prior to the 2006 reforms
117 IV, 11. 6. 2 | co-payments (complementary insurance) (Mossialos and Thomson,
118 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Indeed, complementary insurance covers over 90% of the French
119 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Portugal, private health insurance is partly subsidised by
120 IV, 11. 6. 2 | where all private medical insurance policies are subject to
121 IV, 11. 6. 2 | policies are subject to Insurance Premium Tax (Foubister et
122 IV, 11. 6. 3 | more on social and private insurance like the Netherlands, Germany,
123 IV, 11. 6. 3 | Within social health insurance systems, the degree of fairness
124 IV, 11. 6. 3 | fully covered with private insurance. As a result, the social
125 IV, 11. 6. 3 | result, the social health insurance systems in Germany and the
126 IV, 11. 6. 3 | the recent extension of insurance coverage for the costs of
127 IV, 11. 6. 3 | redistributive effect of social insurance funding has been studied
128 IV, 11. 6. 3 | equalization through social health insurance and negative economic effects
129 IV, 11. 6. 3 | economic effects of linking insurance contributions to earnings (
130 IV, 11. 6. 3 | Contrary to taxation and social insurance where people contribute
131 IV, 11. 6. 3 | However, while private health insurance has been found to be regressive
132 IV, 11. 6. 3 | purchase private health insurance, this will make the financing
133 IV, 11. 6. 3 | However, private health insurance may also skew the provision
134 IV, 11. 6. 4 | countries with social health insurance funds (Table 11.14), the
135 IV, 11. 6. 4 | selection (in social health insurance systems) and may break historical
136 IV, 11. 6. 4 | where individual health insurance funds are responsible for
137 IV, 11. 6. 4 | for collecting their own insurance contributions (Thomson,
138 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Germany (with 21 and about 290 insurance funds, respectively) 100%
139 IV, 11. 6. 4 | purchasers (e.g. social insurance funds), whereas in countries
140 IV, 11. 6. 4 | the cost of each plan or insurance fund member to reflect their
141 IV, 11. 6. 4 | latter with social health insurance systems, in particular where
142 IV, 11. 6. 4 | regional governments and health insurance funds are often reluctant
143 IV, 11. 6. 4 | sickness funds in social insurance systems, such as Germany
144 IV, 11. 6. 4 | The potential for health insurance funds to identify and preferentially
145 IV, 11. 6. 4 | formulae, such as the social insurance systems listed above and
146 IV, 11. 6. 4 | advantages of competition among insurance funds (van de Ven et al
147 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Sickness and Disability Insurance (RIZIV/INAMI) for contributions
148 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Sickness and Disability Insurance (RIZIV/INAMI)~100 competitive
149 IV, 11. 6. 4 | central taxes)~National Health Insurance Fund (insurance premiums)~
150 IV, 11. 6. 4 | National Health Insurance Fund (insurance premiums)~Ministry of Health (
151 IV, 11. 6. 4 | revenue)~28 Regional Health Insurance Funds (insurance revenue).~ ~
152 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Health Insurance Funds (insurance revenue).~ ~Insurance revenue:
153 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Funds (insurance revenue).~ ~Insurance revenue: Age, historical
154 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Taxation Agency~Estonian Health Insurance Fund with 7 regional departments~
155 IV, 11. 6. 4 | municipalities, and National Health Insurance~Each municipality allocates.
156 IV, 11. 6. 4 | to municipalities. Social Insurance institution allocates~452
157 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 355 sickness funds~Federal Insurance Office~355 competitive sickness
158 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Greece~30 social health insurance funds. Ministry of Finance.
159 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Finance allocates to NHS and insurance funds to cover deficits.~
160 IV, 11. 6. 4 | structure~Lithuania~State Social Insurance Council~State Sickness Fund~ ~ ~
161 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Romania~42 District health insurance funds and 2 national funds
162 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Health (taxes)~National Insurance Fund and Ministry of Health~
163 IV, 11. 6. 4 | and Ministry of Health~42 insurance funds and 2 national funds~
164 IV, 11. 6. 4 | costs)~Slovakia~5 health insurance companies~Each fund allocates~ ~
165 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Slovenia~National Health Insurance Institute~Each fund allocates~ ~ ~
166 IV, 11. 6. 4 | government; Swedish Social Insurance Agency; 21 county councils;
167 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Ministry of Finance; Social insurance funds (SSK; GERF; Bag-Kur)~
168 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Ministry of Health; Social insurance funds~Ministry of Health;
169 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Ministry of Health; Social insurance funds~none~Wales~HM Revenue
170 IV, 11. 6. 4 | population to statutory health insurance. In some countries with
171 IV, 11. 6. 4 | funded by social health insurance, the attainment of universal
172 IV, 11. 6. 4 | as insured by statutory insurance although the numbers of
173 IV, 11. 6. 4 | essential part of social health insurance systems. Not only they clarify
174 IV, 11. 6. 4 | broad frame of social health insurance systems (Gibis et al, 2004).
175 IV, 11. 6. 4 | packages in social health insurance countries to only the core
176 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 2004). Unlike social health insurance and private health insurance
177 IV, 11. 6. 4 | insurance and private health insurance systems, coverage through
178 IV, 11. 6. 4 | system towards social health insurance was believed to be a possible
179 IV, 11. 6. 4 | financed from the social health insurance contributions in the hope
180 IV, 11. 6. 4 | in the hope that health insurance funds could collect additional
181 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Sickness and Invalidity Insurance in Belgium, the Pharmaceuticals
182 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Maarse H (2006): "Health insurance reform in the Netherlands."
183 IV, 11. 6. 5 | performance in social health insurance systems. Social health insurance
184 IV, 11. 6. 5 | insurance systems. Social health insurance systems in Western Europe.
185 IV, 11. 6. 5 | decisions in social health insurance systems. Social health insurance
186 IV, 11. 6. 5 | insurance systems. Social health insurance systems in Western Europe.
187 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Germany's statutory health insurance scheme]." Jahrbücher für
188 IV, 11. 6. 5 | W. a. S. (2005): Health Insurance in the Netherlands: the
189 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Netherlands: the new health insurance system from 2006. The Hague,
190 IV, 11. 6. 5 | 2004): Voluntary health insurance in the European Union. Copenhagen,
191 IV, 11. 6. 5 | RB (2004): Social health insurance in perspective: the challenge
192 IV, 11. 6. 5 | stability. Social health insurance systems in Western Europe.
193 IV, 11. 6. 5 | selection on the sickness fund insurance market in five European
194 IV, 12. 4 | migrant workers, health insurance (DG EMPL)~· health research (
195 IV, 12. 4 | DG Employment on health insurance and health care issues and
196 IV, 12. 5 | Administrative data (e. g. health insurance data, data on health care
197 IV, 12. 6 | service providers and health insurance; and (iv) industry with
198 IV, 12. 10 | Health.~Employer’s liability insurance associations (Berufsgenossenschaften)
199 IV, 12. 10 | and Statutory accident insurance (Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung),
200 IV, 12. 10 | services of the German social insurance system (Statutory Sickness
201 IV, 12. 10 | Sickness Funds, Accident Insurance and Pension Insurance working
202 IV, 12. 10 | Accident Insurance and Pension Insurance working together). Alcohol (
203 IV, 12. 10 | according to national laws or insurance statute).~Nutritional assessment
204 IV, 12. 10 | operating) network of Social Insurance Institutions exists for
205 IV, 12. 10 | institutions, manufactures, insurance funds, and patient organizations
206 IV, 12. 10 | Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (Kassenärztliche
207 IV, 12. 10 | assistance.~Social Health Insurance Modernization Act (Gesetz
208 IV, 12. 10 | included in Social health insurance since January 2004, equal
209 IV, 12. 10 | cooperation between health insurance fund and accident insurance
210 IV, 12. 10 | insurance fund and accident insurance organization~National Guide
211 IV, 12. 10 | organisations of the health insurance fund and the accident insurance
212 IV, 12. 10 | insurance fund and the accident insurance organizations~ ~Deprivation
213 IV, 12. 10 | within the statuory health insurance system have the oppurtunity
214 IV, 12. 10 | 2007:~htt ~ ~Poverty~ high~Insurance public law 13 august 2004 :
215 IV, 12. 10 | assistance to get a supplementary insurance :~ht ~ Regional programmes
216 IV, 12. 10 | Occupational Health and Safety Insurance~National Programme on Safety
217 IV, 13. 5 | with their national health insurance coverage. Prior authorisation
218 IV, 13. 6. 3 | countries, this is based on insurance provision linked to parental
