Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 4 | against increased health risks, and/or have been able to
2 I, 2. 5 | affect the type and nature of risks present in the workplace
3 I, 2. 5 | workplace and they influence how risks need to be managed. For
4 I, 2. 5 | problems, although traditional risks also remain on the agenda.
5 I, 2. 5 | forth — which can lead to risks of stress and violence at
6 I, 2. 5 | services where there are high risks of stress, violence and
7 I, 2. 5 | particles, may result in new risks to workers’ health.~ ~New
8 I, 2. 5 | sustainability. Awareness of the risks associated to different
9 I, 2. 5 | shift in the sharing of risks between beneficiaries, governments,
10 I, 2. 8 | avoiding surprises and reducing risks in the future. The WHO has
11 I, 2. 8 | Usually small and containable risks~ ~Coal~ ~As for biomass;
12 I, 2. 8 | Appreciable occupational risks associated with extraction~ ~
13 I, 2. 8 | emissions, but can lead to risks through altered ecology~ ~
14 I, 2. 8 | other fossil fuels~Some risks mainly during extraction~ ~
15 I, 2. 8 | Appreciable occupational risks associated with~ ~ ~ ~ ~
16 I, 2. 8 | Usually small and containable risks~ ~Photovoltaic~ ~Small~ ~
17 I, 2. 8 | Negligible~ ~Nuclear~ ~Small risks from release of radioactive
18 I, 2. 9 | lakes and enhanced health risks, particularly in water bodies
19 I, 2. 10. 2| health and environmental risks (The Royal Society, 2004;
20 II, 4. 1 | and reducing environmental risks and accidents, particularly
21 II, 5. 2. 7| Absolute and Attributable Risks of Cardiovascular Disease
22 II, 5. 5. 1| comparison of relative risks may be more reliable than
23 II, 5. 5. 1| 15 to 24 presented lower risks than older adults. In four
24 II, 5. 5. 3| Johannessen SI (2004): Medical risks in epilepsy: a review with
25 II, 5. 6. 3| 6.7. Estimated lifetime risks of fractures in the UK at
26 II, 5. 6. 3| 6.10. Estimated 10 year risks of fractures in the UK at
27 II, 5. 7. 4| from so-called competing risks (e.g. cardiovascular mortality
28 II, 5. 7. 7| Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular
29 II, 5. 7. 7| Distribution of major health risks: findings from the Global
30 II, 5. 9. 4| 95% CI 1.1-2.3, P=0.017). Risks were higher for asthma defined
31 II, 5. 9. 4| respectively, P = 0.04). Lower risks for lifetime asthma (prevalence
32 II, 5. 9. 4| for 5 years or more had risks very similar to Italian
33 II, 5. 12. 7| Mediterranean diet: benefits and risks. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 71:
34 II, 5. 14. 4| changes demonstrate how common risks influence public health,
35 II, 6. 3. 6| for consumers about the risks.~ ~The annual incidence
36 II, 6. 4. 4| scientific opinions about the risks posed by current and emerging
37 II, 7. 4 | inequalities in exposure to injury risks according to sex, age and
38 II, 7. 4. 1| prone to taking excessive risks. Thus, policy development
39 II, 7. 4. 3| further reduction of transport risks are planned under the leadership
40 II, 7. 4. 4| sport activity is without risks: about 18% of injury related
41 II, 7. 5 | the evolution of injury risks. Special attention should
42 II, 7. 5 | and service related injury risks;~· Encourage collaboration
43 II, 8. 1. 1| mental health and also incur risks to their health.~Physically-disabled
44 II, 8. 2. 1| only do they experience the risks to physical and mental health
45 II, 8. 2. 1| particularly vulnerable to health risks. Evidence suggests that
46 II, 8. 2. 1| substantively to the greater health risks experienced by, for example,
47 II, 8. 2. 1| through simple tests.~ ~Health risks of people with intellectual
48 II, 8. 2. 1| These behavioural health risks were associated with gender –
49 II, 8. 2. 1| encounter greater health risks, experience poorer physical
50 II, 8. 2. 1| lifestyles and thus reduce the risks of obesity, diabetes and
51 II, 8. 2. 1| sought. They may incur health risks exacerbated by their roles
52 II, 8. 2. 1| managing age-related health risks for people in this group –
53 II, 9 | nulliparas both face increased risks of stillbirth (Canterino
54 II, 9 | drug is needed to balance risks and benefits. Pharmacovigilance
55 II, 9 | abuse also carry teratogenic risks. These are particularly
56 II, 9 | Our knowledge of the risks of exposure to chemicals,
57 II, 9 | overcrowding increase the risks of accidents and transmission
58 II, 9. 1. 1| Brown MB (2007a). Elevated risks of pregnancy complications
59 II, 9. 1. 1| MB (2007b). Contemporary risks of maternal morbidity and
60 II, 9. 1. 2| nulliparas both face increased risks of stillbirth (Canterino
61 II, 9. 1. 2| drug is needed to balance risks and benefits. Pharmacovigilance
62 II, 9. 1. 2| abuse also carry teratogenic risks. These are particularly
63 II, 9. 1. 2| Our knowledge of the risks of exposure to chemicals,
64 II, 9. 1. 2| groups may experience higher risks due to deprivation, as well
65 II, 9. 1. 2| as well as some specific risks due to genetic or cultural
66 II, 9. 1. 2| vaccination and specific genetic risks.~ ~f) The phenomenon of
67 II, 9. 1. 2| childbirth and its reproductive risks needs to be understood at
68 II, 9. 2. 3| downplay or deny their risks of HIV and other STIs. Feelings
69 II, 9. 3. 1| few male specific health risks in early and middle age (
70 II, 9. 3. 1| menopausal symptoms and health risks associated with menopause.
71 II, 9. 3. 1| Lack of Control Over STI Risks Drives Microbicide Search.
72 II, 9. 3. 2| Brown MB (2007a). Elevated risks of pregnancy complications
73 II, 9. 3. 2| MB (2007b). Contemporary risks of maternal morbidity and
74 II, 9. 4. 4| overcrowding increase the risks of accidents and transmission
75 II, 9. 5. 3| reproductive and health risks. In addition, women’s reduced
76 II, 9. 5. 5| requires that the sources and risks of all diverse groups are
77 II, 9. 5. 6| Lack of Control Over STI Risks Drives Microbicide Search.
78 II, 9. 5. 6| Health Report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life.
79 III, 10. 1. 3| An overview of health risks and benefits of alcohol
80 III, 10. 2. 1| Newly Identified Health Risks~SHS~Second-hand smoke~TCS~
81 III, 10. 2. 1| Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENHIR) has published
82 III, 10. 2. 1| Health Report - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life.
83 III, 10. 2. 1| referral~ ~Focusing on health risks is the key for preventing
84 III, 10. 2. 1| health report 2002 – Reducing risks, promoting healthy life.
85 III, 10. 2. 1| consumption, and weighing risks and benefits of existing
86 III, 10. 2. 1| quantification of health risks: global and regional burden
87 III, 10. 2. 1| health report 2002 – Reducing risks, promoting healthy life.
88 III, 10. 2. 4| to stratify genome-based risks (Roberts et al., 2000).
89 III, 10. 2. 4| individual exposure to exogenous risks. In the field of infectious
90 III, 10. 2. 4| first, identify individual risks based on individual genomic
91 III, 10. 2. 5| function. Recognition of these risks has led to evidence-based
92 III, 10. 3. 1| Newly Identified Health Risks~UVR~UV radiation~ ~
93 III, 10. 3. 1| Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENHIR) opinion on “Possible
94 III, 10. 3. 1| Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) has recently concluded
95 III, 10. 3. 1| assessment of acute health risks in the IF range is currently
96 III, 10. 3. 1| not indicated any health risks at exposure levels below
97 III, 10. 3. 1| countries~ ~The main health risks of environmental noise,
98 III, 10. 3. 1| significantly elevated relative risks to the cardiovascular, respiratory
99 III, 10. 3. 1| Significantly elevated relative risks to the respiratory system
100 III, 10. 3. 1| to inform children on the risks of overexposure and how
101 III, 10. 3. 1| Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) (2007): Possible
102 III, 10. 3. 2| emerging” and “modern” risks pose an increasing health
103 III, 10. 3. 2| identified as potential risks to children’s health at
104 III, 10. 3. 2| cycle of chemicals. New risks from 'old' pollutants are
105 III, 10. 3. 2| benefits but also bears risks as chemicals can be released
106 III, 10. 3. 2| records the number of health risks reported for consumer products.~ ~
107 III, 10. 3. 2| function. Recognition of these risks has led to evidence-based
108 III, 10. 3. 2| Member States to prevent risks to the environment and human
109 III, 10. 3. 2| Directive was extended to cover risks arising from storage and
110 III, 10. 3. 2| releases and associated risks. Environmental surveillance
111 III, 10. 3. 2| Principles for evaluating health risks in children associated with
112 III, 10. 3. 3| and can all pose serious risks to public health, particularly
113 III, 10. 3. 4| 21st century~Benefits or risks to human health~Over most
114 III, 10. 3. 4| action. Identifying potential risks early enough and responding
115 III, 10. 3. 4| increases existing health risks in urban areas and excess
116 III, 10. 3. 4| strategies for reducing risks need to be emphasized more
117 III, 10. 3. 4| droughts with increased risks of forest and bush fires,
118 III, 10. 4. 1| Integrated Assessment of Health Risks of Environmental~ISAAC~International
119 III, 10. 4. 1| regions of Europe. The health risks of air pollution by fine
120 III, 10. 4. 1| PM10 ) determines both the risks of chronic effects of pollution
121 III, 10. 4. 1| significant negative impacts nor risks to human health or the environment,
122 III, 10. 4. 2| identification of emerging risks; and~· weaknesses in the
123 III, 10. 4. 2| EFSA advises on possible risks related to food safety,
124 III, 10. 4. 2| identified products and risks. In 2006, there were 938
125 III, 10. 4. 2| mycotoxins (40%). Reported risks from pesticide residues
126 III, 10. 4. 2| others, all pose serious risks to public health.~ ~Table
127 III, 10. 4. 2| measures to manage these risks. Animal health is an important
128 III, 10. 4. 2| the right balance between risks and benefits of substances
129 III, 10. 4. 2| management of the potential risks to human health arising
130 III, 10. 4. 2| proactive in identifying risks in the European food chain
131 III, 10. 4. 2| fields such as emerging risks where scientific knowledge
132 III, 10. 4. 2| which represent the greatest risks or uncertainties. If introduced
133 III, 10. 4. 2| assessments and evaluate the risks involved in the use of pesticides.
134 III, 10. 4. 2| risk-benefit analysis and emerging risks~ ~In addition to the many
135 III, 10. 4. 2| identification of “emerging risks”~ ~Risk-benefit analysis~ ~
136 III, 10. 4. 2| Assessment of emerging risks is distinct from the assessment
137 III, 10. 4. 2| distinct from the assessment of risks under emergency (or crisis)
138 III, 10. 4. 2| A procedure for emerging risks identification is being
139 III, 10. 4. 2| considering that emerging risks are of interest, not only
140 III, 10. 4. 2| communication regarding risks associated with the entire
141 III, 10. 4. 2| public confidence in the risks in a open and transparent
142 III, 10. 4. 2| the public perception of risks linked to food;~· explaining
143 III, 10. 4. 3| agriculture. Potential health risks arising from these practices
144 III, 10. 4. 3| reinforced. The potential health risks and impacts connected to
145 III, 10. 4. 3| become wetter with increasing risks of flooding. Historically
146 III, 10. 4. 3| Central Europe. Future flood risks are underlining the importance
147 III, 10. 4. 4| recording the number of health risks reported for consumer products.~ ~ ~
148 III, 10. 4. 5| pathogens, poses limited health risks; in fact, due to investments
149 III, 10. 4. 5| degrees in reducing the risks of pollution to human health
150 III, 10. 4. 5| receptors. In fact, the risks are determined by the physical
151 III, 10. 4. 5| occurrence and magnitude of risks. Moreover, new generation
152 III, 10. 4. 5| ability to characterize all risks, such assessments should
153 III, 10. 5. 1| that by itself is free of risks. Within the private home,
154 III, 10. 5. 1| 2005).~ ~Next to the health risks posed by environmental pollution,
155 III, 10. 5. 3| estimating attributable risks for specific outcome – risk
156 III, 10. 5. 3| 11. Work organisational risks factors at work per gender~ ~
157 III, 10. 5. 3| 12. Work organisational risks factors at work per economic
158 III, 10. 5. 3| Table 10.5.3.13. Physical risks factors at work per gender.~ ~
159 III, 10. 5. 3| Table 10.5.3.14. Physical risks factors at work per economic
160 III, 10. 5. 3| affect the type and nature of risks present in the workplace
161 III, 10. 5. 3| workplace and they influence how risks need to be managed. For
162 III, 10. 5. 3| problems, although traditional risks also remain on the agenda.
163 III, 10. 5. 3| forth — which can lead to risks of stress and violence at
164 III, 10. 5. 3| services where there are high risks of stress, violence and
165 III, 10. 5. 3| newly-emerging occupational risks, but also by social inequalities
166 III, 10. 5. 3| many years after the health risks have been reduced – which
167 III, 10. 5. 3| aimed at alleviating the risks. In 1989 the Community adopted
168 III, 10. 5. 3| together with new types of risks (stress, depression, violence
169 III, 10. 5. 3| prevention of manual handling risks~- 90/270/EEC: minimum health
170 III, 10. 5. 3| identification and prevention of risks arising from vibration~ ~
171 III, 10. 5. 3| are required to control risks at source level, eliminating
172 III, 10. 5. 3| eliminating or reducing noise risks to a minimum, taking account
173 III, 10. 5. 3| directive the control of noise risks includes:~- working methods
174 III, 10. 5. 3| exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (
175 III, 10. 5. 3| protection of workers from the risks related to noise exposure
176 III, 10. 5. 3| footwear) appropriate for the risks involved and where they
177 III, 10. 5. 3| to any increase in other risks~- Following a general Framework
178 III, 10. 5. 3| assessment and prevention of risks, giving priority to collective
179 III, 10. 5. 3| collective measures to eliminate risks, providing information and
180 III, 10. 6. 2| socially patterned with higher risks in lower status people.~ ~
181 III, 10. 6. 2| against increased health risks and/or have been able to
182 III, 10. 6. 3| should be borne in mind that risks are relatively low for each
183 IV, 11. 1. 5| co-morbidities face medical error risks (Weingart et al, 2000).
184 IV, 11. 5. 1| recipient to unacceptable risks. The evaluation of donors
185 IV, 11. 5. 1| organs, the balance between risks and expected benefits for
186 IV, 11. 5. 4| by the transplant team. Risks and characteristics of the
187 IV, 11. 5. 4| case there is a balance of risks and benefits to be considered:
188 IV, 11. 6. 2| incentives to select favourable risks.~ ~Most countries now provide
189 IV, 11. 6. 3| 1) due to varying health risks, there is considerable horizontal
190 IV, 11. 6. 4| solidarity principles by sharing risks across a larger population.
191 IV, 11. 6. 4| preferentially select the ‘good risks’ (healthier individuals)
192 IV, 11. 6. 4| funds~mix of population risks~Scotland~HM Revenue and
193 IV, 12. 1 | understanding of health risks associated with them. ~Drug
194 IV, 12. 4 | advice on non-food related risks to consumer products, health
195 IV, 12. 4 | newly identified health risks. These Committees have adopted
196 IV, 12. 4 | covering possible cancer risks from certain hair dyes,
197 IV, 12. 4 | assessments of possible risks from nanotechnologies; several
198 IV, 12. 5 | early identification of risks; analyse their potential
199 IV, 12. 10 | aims to prevent health risks and to support health-promoting
200 IV, 12. 10 | so as to minimise health risks and environmental dangers.
201 IV, 12. 10 | prevention of work-related health risks, cooperation between health
202 IV, 12. 10 | fieldworkers to recognize risks (negligence and abuse of
203 IV, 12. 10 | social places for reducing risks for drugs users~2007: inside
204 IV, 13. 2. 3| pollution and occupational risks are typically the result
205 IV, 13. 5 | living conditions and curbing risks of death through innovations
206 IV, 13. 5 | impaired mobility, increased risks of falls and fractures and
207 IV, 13. 7. 4| difficulty of expressing risks in the same currency of
208 IV, 13. 7. 4| those likely to experience risks are often not those experiencing
