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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 1. 1| tobacco smoke (ETS); lead; noise; stress.~ ~The risk factors
2 II, 8. 2. 3| hearing loss due to ageing or noise exposure, which excludes
3 II, 8. 2. 3| occupations with greater noise exposure. In Denmark and
4 III, 10. 1 | factors such as radiation, noise, magnetic fields, suspended
5 III, 10. 1 | ETS~carbon monoxide~lead~noise~inhalable particles~food,
6 III, 10. 2. 1| such bar-related issues as noise level and customer behaviour.
7 III, 10. 3. 1| Fields~END~Environmental Noise Directive, Directive 2002/
8 III, 10. 3. 1| level.~LaeqT~Exposure to noise for the duration of a given
9 III, 10. 3. 1| fields and environmental noise. Radiation, radon exposure
10 III, 10. 3. 1| Radiation, radon exposure and noise have well documented associations
11 III, 10. 3. 1| exposed to road traffic noise at levels exceeding 55 dB (
12 III, 10. 3. 1| impacts become evident.~ ~Noise is perceived among the public
13 III, 10. 3. 1| problems and environmental noise is probably the environmental
14 III, 10. 3. 1| and future magnitude of noise exposure is the growth in
15 III, 10. 3. 1| in cities. Environmental noise can affect people’s health
16 III, 10. 3. 1| accordance with the Environmental Noise Directive (European Commission,
17 III, 10. 3. 1| Commission, 2002), exposure to noise has recently started to
18 III, 10. 3. 1| common basis for tackling the noise problem across the EU. Its
19 III, 10. 3. 1| reduce the harmful effects of noise exposure. Not only does
20 III, 10. 3. 1| Member States to conduct noise mapping, action planning
21 III, 10. 3. 1| adopted on 21 March 2007.~ ~Noise exposure data has until
22 III, 10. 3. 1| OECD have gathered data on noise exposure as well as on noise
23 III, 10. 3. 1| noise exposure as well as on noise annoyance.~ ~At the moment
24 III, 10. 3. 1| annoyance.~ ~At the moment noise exposure data is produced
25 III, 10. 3. 1| under the Environmental Noise Directive. The directive
26 III, 10. 3. 1| States to produce strategic noise maps on the basis of harmonised
27 III, 10. 3. 1| inform the public about noise exposure and its effects,
28 III, 10. 3. 1| action plans to address noise issues. The areas where
29 III, 10. 3. 1| issues. The areas where noise mapping and action planning
30 III, 10. 3. 1| designated by the Member States. Noise maps will capture noise
31 III, 10. 3. 1| Noise maps will capture noise emissions from industry
32 III, 10. 3. 1| number of people exposed to noise. Based on this information
33 III, 10. 3. 1| the exposure limits.”~ ~Noise~ ~Since noise is a pollutant
34 III, 10. 3. 1| limits.”~ ~Noise~ ~Since noise is a pollutant that is persistent
35 III, 10. 3. 1| exposed to road traffic noise at levels exceeding 55 dB(
36 III, 10. 3. 1| guidelines for community noise require less than 55 dB(
37 III, 10. 3. 1| twelve-year-olds identified noise as a disturbance to normal
38 III, 10. 3. 1| Report, 2005).~ ~Compared to noise from neighbours and industry,
39 III, 10. 3. 1| are severely annoyed by noise from transport sources (
40 III, 10. 3. 1| the population exposed to noise levels > 60 dB(A) in different
41 III, 10. 3. 1| health risks of environmental noise, apart from hearing impairment
42 III, 10. 3. 1| exposure to leisure time noise in adolescents and young
43 III, 10. 3. 1| for hearing impairment.~ ~Noise is a potentially important
44 III, 10. 3. 1| pregnant mother to very high noise levels at workplaces may
45 III, 10. 3. 1| protect the child from major noise impacts.~ ~There are indications
46 III, 10. 3. 1| burden of disease due to noise exposure (Knol et al., 2005;
47 III, 10. 3. 1| cardiovascular disease due to noise exposure is considerable
48 III, 10. 3. 1| attributable to road traffic noise exposure (Babisch, 2006).~ ~
49 III, 10. 3. 1| burden of ill health due to noise in Europe has not yet been
50 III, 10. 3. 1| impairment due to leisure noise, tinnitus, annoyance and
51 III, 10. 3. 1| addition, the impacts of noise might be enhanced by interacting
52 III, 10. 3. 1| the social cost of road noise pollution is about 1% of
53 III, 10. 3. 1| exposure limits of traffic noise are exceeded. An ongoing
54 III, 10. 3. 1| started in 1986) to reduce noise exposure from traffic infrastructure,
55 III, 10. 3. 1| The existing estimates of noise exposure in Europe cover
56 III, 10. 3. 1| International comparisons of the noise levels in different countries
57 III, 10. 3. 1| data necessary to assess noise exposure. Improvements are
58 III, 10. 3. 1| under the Environmental Noise Directive although some
59 III, 10. 3. 1| especially in the first phase of noise mapping and reporting.~ ~
60 III, 10. 3. 1| mapping and reporting.~ ~Noise maps will capture noise
61 III, 10. 3. 1| Noise maps will capture noise emissions from industry
62 III, 10. 3. 1| number of people exposed to noise. Noise exposure information
63 III, 10. 3. 1| people exposed to noise. Noise exposure information will
64 III, 10. 3. 1| indicators to be used in noise mapping under END are also
65 III, 10. 3. 1| time period of 8 hours. The noise indicator for the night
66 III, 10. 3. 1| evidence that environmental noise is associated with an increased
67 III, 10. 3. 1| epidemiological studies reported that noise is associated to adverse
68 III, 10. 3. 1| exposures to vibrations and noise as well as forced body positions,
69 III, 10. 3. 1| exposures to vibrations and noise which were reported by approximately
70 III, 10. 3. 1| The Green Paper on Future Noise Policy (COM(96) 540) adopted
71 III, 10. 3. 1| in the development of a noise policy with the aim that
72 III, 10. 3. 1| person should be exposed to noise levels which endanger health
73 III, 10. 3. 1| life.~The implementation of Noise Directive 153 (2002) is
74 III, 10. 3. 1| instrument for reaching the 6EAP noise objectives. In 2004, the
75 III, 10. 3. 1| existing Community framework on noise and the need for future
76 III, 10. 3. 1| management of Environmental noise ( ht ),whose main aim is
77 III, 10. 3. 1| common basis for tackling the noise problem across the EU. The
78 III, 10. 3. 1| consulting the public about noise exposure, its effects, and
79 III, 10. 3. 1| measures considered to address noise,~· Addressing local noise
80 III, 10. 3. 1| noise,~· Addressing local noise issues, and~· Developing
81 III, 10. 3. 1| safely.~ ~The Environmental Noise Directive will provide a
82 III, 10. 3. 1| Community measures to reduce noise emitted by the major sources.
83 III, 10. 3. 1| by the major sources. The noise exposure information from
84 III, 10. 3. 1| information on strategic noise maps and publish a summary
85 III, 10. 3. 1| report of data from strategic noise maps and action plans. (
86 III, 10. 3. 1| W (2006): Transportation noise and cardiovascular risk.
87 III, 10. 3. 1| Babisch W (2008): Road traffic noise and cardiovascular risk.
88 III, 10. 3. 1| and cardiovascular risk. Noise Health 10(38),27-33.~Barns
89 III, 10. 3. 1| 2006. Risk assessment of noise exposure - the Swiss perspective.
90 III, 10. 3. 1| European Commission (2002): Noise directive (htt )~European
91 III, 10. 3. 1| Acoustics – Assessment of noise annoyance by means of social
92 III, 10. 3. 1| The association between noise exposure and blood pressure
93 III, 10. 3. 1| World Health Organization “Noise and health”. Visited at
94 III, 10. 3. 1| Guidelines for the exposure to noise at night. Edited by: Berg
95 III, 10. 3. 1| Guidelines for community noise. Edited by: Berglund B,
96 III, 10. 3. 2| ETS~carbon monoxide~lead~noise~inhalable particles~food,
97 III, 10. 4. 5| due to nuisance (smell, noise, litter, effect on property
98 III, 10. 5. 1| problems linked to transport (noise and air pollutants), household
99 III, 10. 5. 1| air quality problems and noise exposure in many rural places
100 III, 10. 5. 1| windows but – in the case of noise – also through the building
101 III, 10. 5. 1| traffic-related (air pollutants, noise), or stem from industrial
102 III, 10. 5. 1| Moreover, classroom noise can cause physiological
103 III, 10. 5. 1| spaces can help to reduce noise and air exposure and also
104 III, 10. 5. 1| major health determinants: noise, air pollution and modal
105 III, 10. 5. 1| for physical activity.~ ~Noise is one of the most commonly
106 III, 10. 5. 1| settlement areas. Main sources of noise include road, rail and air
107 III, 10. 5. 1| but also neighbourhood noise from playgrounds and gardens (
108 III, 10. 5. 1| population is exposed to traffic noise levels of 55 dBA, and in
109 III, 10. 5. 1| suffer from exposure to noise levels of 65 dBA. The European
110 III, 10. 5. 1| living with unacceptable noise exposure conditions, while
111 III, 10. 5. 1| another 170 millions, the noise conditions are defined as
112 III, 10. 5. 1| Audit project show that noise exposure is a key problem
113 III, 10. 5. 1| the exposure to increased noise levels often affects more
114 III, 10. 5. 1| residents exposed to day-time noise above 55dB(A)~ ~In addition
115 III, 10. 5. 1| cardiovascular effects, excessive noise is known to affect sleep,
116 III, 10. 5. 1| consumption / urban sprawl. Still, noise, air quality and adequate
117 III, 10. 5. 1| products, energy performance, noise, air, waste, food, water,
118 III, 10. 5. 1| Green Paper on future noise policy. Communication COM(
119 III, 10. 5. 1| Stansfeld S, et al (2000): Noise and health in the urban
120 III, 10. 5. 1| A, (2007): Environmental noise, sleep and health. Sleep
121 III, 10. 5. 1| in relation to classroom noise, Scand J Work Environ Health.
122 III, 10. 5. 1| Kobe, Japan.~ ~WHO (2000): Noise and health. Health and environment
123 III, 10. 5. 2| pollution, water quality, noise exposure and access to green
124 III, 10. 5. 3| Exposures to vibrations and noise - which were reported by
125 III, 10. 5. 3| exposures to vibrations and noise as well as forced body positions,
126 III, 10. 5. 3| working environment, such as noise or dangerous chemicals.
127 III, 10. 5. 3| directives, such as the 2003 noise directive, provide more
128 III, 10. 5. 3| eliminating or reducing noise risks to a minimum, taking
129 III, 10. 5. 3| measures. According to the 2003 noise directive the control of
130 III, 10. 5. 3| directive the control of noise risks includes:~- working
131 III, 10. 5. 3| that need less exposure to noise~- the choice of work equipment
132 III, 10. 5. 3| emitting the least possible noise~- the design and layout
133 III, 10. 5. 3| and training of workers~- noise reduction by technical means~-
134 III, 10. 5. 3| workplace and its systems~- noise reduction through a better
135 III, 10. 5. 3| Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment
136 III, 10. 5. 3| arising from physical agents (noise), which replaces Council
137 III, 10. 5. 3| from the risks related to noise exposure at work, setting
138 IV, 12. 2 | such bar-related issues as noise level and customer behaviour.
139 IV, 12. 4 | quality, water quality, noise; 'European Environment and
140 IV, 12. 10 | like ionising radiation) or noise and waste disposal. The
141 IV, 12. 10 | population against hazardous noise is under the responsibility
142 IV, 12. 10 | EU-Directive on environmental noise (2002/49/EG) is being implemented
143 IV, 12. 10 | exposure to environmental noise are laid down in the Federal
144 IV, 12. 10 | Act, 1993.~- Environmental Noise Regulations, 2006.~- Residential
145 IV, 12. 10 | stressors~ intermediate~ Noise: Decree 2004/1051 of 28/
146 IV, 12. 10 | about air traffic:~htt ~ Noise: special objective of public
147 IV, 12. 10 | intermediate~Decision 1830/11/2007 Noise maps~Occupational health
148 IV, 12. 10 | Occupational health regulations ~Noise: public health law regarding
149 IV, 12. 10 | policy~Public health policy~Noise~Road traffic noise~ ~High
150 IV, 12. 10 | policy~Noise~Road traffic noise~ ~High noise levels~Domain
151 IV, 12. 10 | Road traffic noise~ ~High noise levels~Domain of objective
152 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| nitrogen~nitrosamines~N-nitroso~noise~non-communicable~non-hodgkin~
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