Part, Chapter, Paragraph
2501 IV, 11. 5. 5 | funded by the DG SANCO of the European Commission. The aim of this
2502 IV, 11. 5. 5 | validate a professional European Training Program on Organ
2503 IV, 11. 5. 5 | are:~- To build a solid European collaborative partnership
2504 IV, 11. 5. 5 | Care Professionals from the European Union countries with the
2505 IV, 11. 5. 5 | validate a professional European Training Program On Organ
2506 IV, 11. 5. 5 | involvement levels~ ~Alliance-O (European Group for Coordination of
2507 IV, 11. 5. 5 | EUROCET (E-Ten):~To create a European donation and transplant
2508 IV, 11. 5. 5 | institutional bodies.~ ~European Quality System for Tissue
2509 IV, 11. 5. 5 | activities required by the future European Directive.~ ~EUSTITE: (Public
2510 IV, 11. 5. 6 | 11.5.6. Policy tools~ ~European Commission~ ~Since 1999,
2511 IV, 11. 5. 6 | envisaged in the future.~ ~The European Commission has already undertaken
2512 IV, 11. 5. 6 | two projects to develop a European Training Program on Organ
2513 IV, 11. 5. 6 | to create a consensus on European common standards regarding
2514 IV, 11. 5. 6 | supporting the creation of a European registry on organs, cells
2515 IV, 11. 5. 6 | duplication. A separate European research project is focusing
2516 IV, 11. 5. 6 | practices among certain European countries. Another project
2517 IV, 11. 5. 6 | improvement of organ donation – a European consensus document~1997Recom 16
2518 IV, 11. 5. 6 | Europe~1987 3rd Conference of European Ministers of Health (Paris,
2519 IV, 11. 5. 6 | organ transplantation and to European co-operation~ – Procurement
2520 IV, 11. 5. 6 | and Finland and results of European co-operation~1987 Renal
2521 IV, 11. 5. 7 | Future developments~ ~The European Commission is addressing
2522 IV, 11. 6. 1 | many central and Eastern European countries witnessed a resurgence
2523 IV, 11. 6. 1 | among the highest spending European countries, such as France,
2524 IV, 11. 6. 2 | currently play a role in European health systems), cost sharing
2525 IV, 11. 6. 2 | payments) (see below).~ ~European health systems are characterized
2526 IV, 11. 6. 2 | unique trend in time for all European countries.~ ~While in Western
2527 IV, 11. 6. 2 | the central and Eastern European region shows a more consistent
2528 IV, 11. 6. 2 | expenditure, 1990-2005~ ~European healthcare systems rely
2529 IV, 11. 6. 2 | funding in seven Western European countries: Austria, Belgium,
2530 IV, 11. 6. 2 | to purchase PHI in some European countries, usually in the
2531 IV, 11. 6. 2 | exists to some extent in all European health systems. The three
2532 IV, 11. 6. 2 | healthcare expenditure in many European countries and are the second
2533 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Mossialos 2008).~ ~Although all European countries require cost sharing
2534 IV, 11. 6. 2 | In central and Eastern European countries there has been
2535 IV, 11. 6. 4 | relatively comprehensive in European countries, although pressures
2536 IV, 11. 6. 4 | differentiated environments of European healthcare and political
2537 IV, 11. 6. 4 | deterioration of health, and European reference networks for specific
2538 IV, 11. 6. 4 | adjustment methods.~The European Public Health Outcome Research
2539 IV, 11. 6. 4 | among the participating European countries. It represents
2540 IV, 11. 6. 4 | outcome indicators adopted in European and Extra-European countries
2541 IV, 11. 6. 4 | requirements of ongoing European Commission projects.~The
2542 IV, 11. 6. 5 | of Life in Europe. First European Quality of Life Survey 2003.
2543 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Quality of Life Survey 2003. European Foundation for the Improvement
2544 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Official Publications of the European Communities.~ ~Balabanova
2545 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2546 IV, 11. 6. 5 | countries. Policy brief. European Observatory on Health Systems
2547 IV, 11. 6. 5 | World Health Organization.~ ~European Commission (2003): Human
2548 IV, 11. 6. 5 | available at http ey.pdf]~ ~European Commission (2006): "Eurobarometer
2549 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2550 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2551 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Goldman M, Wood K (2007): European research on cell and organ
2552 IV, 11. 6. 5 | the Nuffield Trust and the European Observatory on Health Systems
2553 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Copenhagen, WHO on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2554 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Systems and Policies.~ ~HOPE - European Hospital and Healthcare
2555 IV, 11. 6. 5 | for health services in the European Union. Euro Observer. 6:
2556 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2557 IV, 11. 6. 5 | community-based care. Policy brief. European Observatory on Health Systems
2558 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Public Health Policy in the European Community. W.W. Holland
2559 IV, 11. 6. 5 | for Europe. Copenhagen, European Observatory on Health Systems
2560 IV, 11. 6. 5 | cost containment in the European Union. Ashgate, Aldershot.~ ~
2561 IV, 11. 6. 5 | health insurance in the European Union. Copenhagen, World
2562 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2563 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Copenhagen, WHO on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2564 IV, 11. 6. 5 | pharmaceutical prices in the European Union. Regulating pharmaceuticals
2565 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Copenhagen, WHO on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2566 IV, 11. 6. 5 | effectiveness and efficiency of the European health care systems." Health
2567 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2568 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems
2569 IV, 11. 6. 5 | DRGs): A comparison of nine European countries." Health Care
2570 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Benefit Basket" in nine European countries. Evidence from
2571 IV, 11. 6. 5 | countries. Evidence from the European Union Health BASKET Project."
2572 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Health BASKET Project." European Journal of Health Economics
2573 IV, 11. 6. 5 | The role of HTA in the European Union. Financing Sustainable
2574 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Sarrut B et al. (1992): "European survey of independent drug
2575 IV, 11. 6. 5 | for health services in the European Union. Brussels, European
2576 IV, 11. 6. 5 | European Union. Brussels, European Commission DG Employment
2577 IV, 11. 6. 5 | new member states of the European Union. Paris, Institut des
2578 IV, 11. 6. 5 | Brussels, Commission of the European Communities.~ ~van de Ven
2579 IV, 11. 6. 5 | insurance market in five European countries." Health Policy
2580 IV, 12.Acr | Adjusted Life Years~EACH~European Association for Children
2581 IV, 12.Acr | of disease estimates~EFTA~European free trade Association~EPSCO~
2582 IV, 12.Acr | Consumer Affairs Council~ERDF~European Regional Development Fund~
2583 IV, 12.Acr | Regional Development Fund~ESF~European Social Fund~EUPHIN~European
2584 IV, 12.Acr | European Social Fund~EUPHIN~European Public Health Information
2585 IV, 12. 1 | challenges to health. The European integration process started
2586 IV, 12. 1 | economic Community to become a European Union with economic, social
2587 IV, 12. 1 | and capitals is one of the European Union’s undoubted successes.
2588 IV, 12. 1 | their goods elsewhere in the European Union. Local rules on the
2589 IV, 12. 1 | practice undermines one of the European Union’s basic principles:
2590 IV, 12. 1 | each Member State of the European Union and this is still
2591 IV, 12. 1 | start, the Treaties of the European Community have recognised
2592 IV, 12. 1 | formally part of mainstream European policies. During the 70’
2593 IV, 12. 1 | precursor programmes at European Community level.~ ~Health promotion~
2594 IV, 12. 1 | relatively new-comer on the European scene arriving only in 1992
2595 IV, 12. 1 | in many policies of the European Union, now enlarged to 27
2596 IV, 12. 1 | standards, moving towards the European electronic health record.~
2597 IV, 12. 1 | Environment ~Environmental~policy~European Environment~and Health Action
2598 IV, 12. 1 | through the creation of European agencies. This mix of legislation
2599 IV, 12. 1 | market authorization via the European Medicines Agency (EMEA),
2600 IV, 12. 1 | Co-operation between the European Commission and National
2601 IV, 12. 1 | new health initiatives at European and national level.~ ~The
2602 IV, 12. 1 | limited – is growing. The European Convention considered strengthening
2603 IV, 12. 2 | 12.2. The European strategy for health~ ~This
2604 IV, 12. 2 | the health strategy of the European Community, followed by a
2605 IV, 12. 2 | Treaty and supported by the European Public Health Programme.~ ~
2606 IV, 12. 2 | on 23 October 2007 the European Commission adopted a new
2607 IV, 12. 2 | future work on health at European level, and to put in place
2608 IV, 12. 2 | New Technologies.~ ~The European Commission will work to
2609 IV, 12. 2 | and improve the health of European citizens. Building on the
2610 IV, 12. 2 | physical activity and health, the European Alcohol and Health Forum,
2611 IV, 12. 2 | Health Policy Forum, the European Commission will work closely
2612 IV, 12. 2 | Council conclusions.~ ~The European Union Council Conclusions,
2613 IV, 12. 2 | Presidency, called upon the European Commission as well as the
2614 IV, 12. 2 | National Ministries of Health, European and National representatives
2615 IV, 12. 2 | interventions are in place in all European countries.~ ~Several WHO
2616 IV, 12. 2 | conference organised by the European Society of Cardiology and
2617 IV, 12. 2 | Society of Cardiology and the European Heart Network, with a special
2618 IV, 12. 2 | the quality of life in the European population by reducing the
2619 IV, 12. 2 | by the conclusions of the European Council of the 30 November
2620 IV, 12. 2 | With the support of the European Commission, the World Health
2621 IV, 12. 2 | Organization (WHO-Europe), the European Heart Network and the European
2622 IV, 12. 2 | European Heart Network and the European Society of Cardiology, the
2623 IV, 12. 2 | Society of Cardiology, the European Heart Health Charter was
2624 IV, 12. 2 | Charter was developed.~ ~The European Heart Health Charter has
2625 IV, 12. 2 | launched on 12 June 2007 at the European Parliament in Brussels.
2626 IV, 12. 2 | control, spelt out in the European Heart Health Charter and
2627 IV, 12. 2 | Member States.~ ~Cancer~ ~A European Parliament Written Declaration
2628 IV, 12. 2 | colorectal cancer. In 2003 the European Council published recommendations
2629 IV, 12. 2 | published recommendations to European Member States for the implementation
2630 IV, 12. 2 | organised screening programmes (European Council, 2003). Recommendations
2631 IV, 12. 2 | spread of best practice among European countries and pressure to
2632 IV, 12. 2 | competent Authorities in most European countries define, mainly
2633 IV, 12. 2 | care. In January 2006, the European Commission launched a specific
2634 IV, 12. 2 | in the disease across the European Union and at an international
2635 IV, 12. 2 | developing a coordinated European strategy for diabetes;~-
2636 IV, 12. 2 | Otocec Declaration (2004) European Diabetes week, Nov 2004
2637 IV, 12. 2 | Presidency in 2006;~- the European Parliament in April 2006
2638 IV, 12. 2 | in April 2006 urged the European Commission and the European
2639 IV, 12. 2 | European Commission and the European Council to make care and
2640 IV, 12. 2 | priority and to develop a European wide strategy to tackle
2641 IV, 12. 2 | International Diabetes Federation – European Region (IDF Europe) and
2642 IV, 12. 2 | Europe) and the Federation of European Nurses in Diabetes (FEND)
2643 IV, 12. 2 | to the future work of the European Commission on one of Europe’
2644 IV, 12. 2 | in alcohol in the whole European Union accounts for 1.3%
2645 IV, 12. 2 | necessarily affected by European and domestic policy to reduce
2646 IV, 12. 2 | Evin was challenged in the European Court of Justice, it was
2647 IV, 12. 2 | and adolescents, 2001~http European Commission Road Safety Action
2648 IV, 12. 2 | Programme 2003-2010~http European Commission Communication
2649 IV, 12. 2 | alcohol strategy, 2006~http European alcohol and health forum,
2650 IV, 12. 2 | PHEPA: Primary Health Care European Project~http EUROCARE –
2651 IV, 12. 2 | treatment of addiction~http European Prospective Investigation
2652 IV, 12. 3 | 12.3. The reviewed European social agenda~ ~Social Europe
2653 IV, 12. 3 | property and differences among European regions. Initiatives foreseen
2654 IV, 12. 3 | scene~ ~To this end, the European Commission intends to make
2655 IV, 12. 3 | proposal to improve the role of European works Councils (EWCs) currently
2656 IV, 12. 3 | public health including European cooperation of health systems
2657 IV, 12. 3 | project.~ ~Moreover, the European Commission has recently
2658 IV, 12. 3 | institutions (including the European Parliament). The objectives
2659 IV, 12. 3 | better interaction with other European policies:~Many policies
2660 IV, 12. 4 | several health links with European Commission general directorates
2661 IV, 12. 4 | 12.6. Health across the European Commission~ ~Directorate
2662 IV, 12. 4 | social and health services;~European Social Fund; Open Method
2663 IV, 12. 4 | water quality, noise; 'European Environment and Health Strategy',
2664 IV, 12. 4 | Strategy', COM(2003)338, and 'European Environment and Health Action
2665 IV, 12. 4 | third countries, including European Neighbourhood countries~
2666 IV, 12. 4 | Driving Hours~ ~Source: European Commission~http tm~Last
2667 IV, 12. 4 | the early nineties, the European Commission had established
2668 IV, 12. 4 | was created for the first European Commissioner in charge of
2669 IV, 12. 4 | Similarly, the work of the European Parliament Committee on
2670 IV, 12. 4 | communications, making proposals for European co-operation and extending
2671 IV, 12. 4 | agencies were created to advise European Institutions and Member
2672 IV, 12. 4 | and between these and the European bodies for what concerms
2673 IV, 12. 4 | tasks entrusted to it by the European Commission, and it works
2674 IV, 12. 4 | based in Luxembourg.~ECDC~ ~European Centre for Disease Prevention
2675 IV, 12. 4 | infectious diseases.~ ~ECHA~ ~European Chemicals Agency (Helsinki,
2676 IV, 12. 4 | publicly accessible~EEA~ ~European Environment Agency (Copenhagen,
2677 IV, 12. 4 | agents and the public.~EFSA~ ~European Food Safety Authority (Parma,
2678 IV, 12. 4 | internal market.~EMCDDA~ ~European Monitoring Centre for Drugs
2679 IV, 12. 4 | comparable information at European level concerning drugs and
2680 IV, 12. 4 | their consequences.~ ~EMEA~ ~European Medicines Agency (London,
2681 IV, 12. 4 | and animal health.~ ~ESA~ ~European Space Agency (Paris - France) –
2682 IV, 12. 4 | for Europe.~EUROFOUND~ ~European Foundation for the Improvement
2683 IV, 12. 4 | and analysis.~EU-OSHA~ ~European Agency for Safety and Health
2684 IV, 12. 4 | risk prevention.~ ~FRA~ ~European Union Agency for Fundamental
2685 IV, 12. 4 | data, provide advice to the European Union and its Member States,
2686 IV, 12. 4 | with DG Enterprise and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA)
2687 IV, 12. 4 | cooperation instrument, European development fund~EAC~Lifelong
2688 IV, 12. 4 | Instrument – TAIEX~EMPL~European Social Fund (2007-2013),
2689 IV, 12. 4 | programmes co-financed with the European Regional Development Fund (
2690 IV, 12. 4 | Fund (2007-2013)~ ~RELEX~European Neighbourhood and Partnership
2691 IV, 12. 5 | 12.5. The European Public Health Programme~ ~
2692 IV, 12. 5 | Article 152 of the Treaty (European Council, 2002). A description
2693 IV, 12. 5 | adopted a proposal for a European Parliament and Council Decision
2694 IV, 12. 5 | This was done following the European Parliament’s first reading
2695 IV, 12. 5 | Programme went through the European Parliament in second reading
2696 IV, 12. 5 | on health status in the European Union based on all data
2697 IV, 12. 5 | cooperation with EUROSTAT. A European Health Portal (htt m) has
2698 IV, 12. 5 | information, with a short list of European health indicators, including
2699 IV, 12. 5 | every year to the Spring European Council. The telematic implication
2700 IV, 12. 5 | implication of the system is the European Public Health Information
2701 IV, 12. 5 | newsletter). Among others, the European Commission aims at producing
2702 IV, 12. 5 | Annex 12.1. System of European Community Health Indicators~ ~
2703 IV, 12. 5 | Health Programme, a System of European Community Health Indicators (
2704 IV, 12. 5 | structural framework for the European Community Health Indicators (
2705 IV, 12. 5 | Healthy Life Years (HLY) as European Structural Indicator~ ~Prior
2706 IV, 12. 5 | feasibility study for HLY used the European Community Household Panel
2707 IV, 12. 5 | ECHP ended in 2001 and no European data was available for 2002
2708 IV, 12. 5 | 2001). In this decision the European Union defines the tasks
2709 IV, 12. 5 | projects co-funded by the European Commission. Especially in
2710 IV, 12. 5 | the establishment of the European Community Health Indicators (
2711 IV, 12. 5 | Health Indicators) and the European Health Survey System under
2712 IV, 12. 5 | in order to complete the European Community Health Indicators
2713 IV, 12. 5 | action programmes of the European Union as a basis for the
2714 IV, 12. 5 | Union as a basis for the European health information and knowledge
2715 IV, 12. 5 | the elaboration of regular European health status reports.~ ~
2716 IV, 12. 5 | health status reports.~ ~The European Commission has also launched
2717 IV, 12. 5 | at bringing together top European scientists from all EU countries
2718 IV, 12. 5 | contributing to the creation of the European Research Area. The reports
2719 IV, 12. 5 | both electronically – the European Public Health Report Series
2720 IV, 12. 6 | activity undertaken by the European Commission is the Public
2721 IV, 12. 6 | issues as appropriate. The European Public Health Forum has
2722 IV, 12. 6 | restricted, however, to European organizations and to bodies
2723 IV, 12. 7 | interventions on health. The European Observatory on Health System
2724 IV, 12. 7 | the health strategy of the European Union: The Paper includes
2725 IV, 12. 7 | preferably linked to the European Commission’s Integrated
2726 IV, 12. 8 | initiatives~ ~The role of the European Union on the international
2727 IV, 12. 8 | citizens living within the European Union. Article 152 of the
2728 IV, 12. 8 | competences given to the European Union in the public health
2729 IV, 12. 8 | candidate countries in the European mechanisms, meetings and
2730 IV, 12. 8 | Table 12.10. The 27 European Union Member States and
2731 IV, 12. 8 | establishing the Economic European Community, was approved
2732 IV, 12. 8 | health improvement.~ ~The European Economic Area~ ~Since 1992,
2733 IV, 12. 8 | Economic Area~ ~Since 1992, the European Community has had a special
2734 IV, 12. 8 | who, together with the European Community Member States
2735 IV, 12. 8 | States form the so-called European Economic Area. Protocol
2736 IV, 12. 8 | EU agencies, such as the European medicines Agency in London
2737 IV, 12. 8 | Agency in London and the European Centre for disease prevention
2738 IV, 12. 8 | EFTA countries and from the European Commission services meet
2739 IV, 12. 8 | participate fully in the current European Community Public Health
2740 IV, 12. 8 | particular in the Eastern European countries. The EU Structural
2741 IV, 12. 9 | Europe, especially with the European Pharmacopoeia. This has
2742 IV, 12. 9 | the relations between the European Union and candidate countries,
2743 IV, 12. 9 | candidate countries, the European free trade Association (
2744 IV, 12. 10 | taken place not only at European level during the last decades,
2745 IV, 12. 10 | deeply affected by changes at European level, also the contrary
2746 IV, 12. 10 | important developments also at European level (see Annex 12.3).
2747 IV, 12. 10 | documents available on the European Commission Public Health
2748 IV, 12. 10 | programmes on citizen empowerment~European strategy for health~Intermediate~
2749 IV, 12. 10 | Intermediate~National/Regional~Yes~European public health programme~
2750 IV, 12. 10 | National + Regional~Yes~European cooperation on health services~
2751 IV, 12. 10 | High~National/Regional~Yes~European Union directive proposal
2752 IV, 12. 10 | anti-smoking programs like the European smoke-free class competition (
2753 IV, 12. 10 | smoke-free Hospitals (member of European network for smoke-free hospitals)~www –
2754 IV, 12. 10 | mix approach according to European guidelines.~Legal requirements
2755 IV, 12. 10 | see www. e) and http / (European data-bank for drug related
2756 IV, 12. 10 | is regulated according to European Directives which have been
2757 IV, 12. 10 | recreational water~High priority~ European Regulations concerning drinking
2758 IV, 12. 10 | of implementation of the European Bathing water directive
2759 IV, 12. 10 | but to national and European regulations concerning genetic
2760 IV, 12. 10 | programmes on citizen empowerment~European strategy for health~ ~ ~ ~
2761 IV, 12. 10 | strategy for health~ ~ ~ ~European public health programme~ ~ ~ ~
2762 IV, 12. 10 | Ambient Air Regulations 2004~- European Communities (National Emissions
2763 IV, 12. 10 | Refinishing Products 2007.~- European Communities (control of
2764 IV, 12. 10 | Quality Regulations 2008~ ~ ~- European Communities (Good Agricultural
2765 IV, 12. 10 | programmes on citizen empowerment~European strategy for health~High~
2766 IV, 12. 10 | services up to 2010~http ~ ~European public health programme~
2767 IV, 12. 10 | intention to participate in a European Human Bio Monitoring Pilot
2768 IV, 12. 10 | one of the elements of the European Environment and Health Action
2769 IV, 12. 10 | based on the system of European Community Health Education (
2770 IV, 12. 10 | Health Education (ECHI)~ ~European cooperation on health services~
2771 IV, 12. 10 | and informal networks.~ ~European Union directive proposal
2772 IV, 12. 10 | Greece participates in a European program with the title “
2773 IV, 12. 10 | project, co-funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), will
2774 IV, 12. 10 | information can be integrated in European healthcare systems and civil
2775 IV, 12. 10 | way for the creation of a European user-driven telemedicine
2776 IV, 12. 10 | develop, and demonstrate a European outbreak early warning system
2777 IV, 12. 10 | tool for the national and European bodies in charge of epidemiological
2778 IV, 12. 10 | surveillance and especially the European Center for Disease Control (
2779 IV, 12. 10 | the IPPC Directive in the European Union aims at the improvement
2780 IV, 12. 10 | campaign concerning “The European Day without Car” is organized
2781 IV, 12. 10 | relative legislation of the European Union and in particular
2782 IV, 12. 10 | national contact point of the European Union for the management
2783 IV, 12. 10 | an active member of the European Agency for Safety and Health
2784 IV, 12. 10 | Ministry participates in the European Campaign for Safety and
2785 IV, 12. 10 | Ministry participates in the European Week for Safety and Health
2786 IV, 12. 10 | country) and is member of the European Network of Smoke Free Hospitals.
2787 IV, 12. 10 | is funded partly by the European Union and by the European
2788 IV, 12. 10 | European Union and by the European Social Fund.~The program
2789 IV, 12. 10 | the four pillars of the European Employment Strategy, while
2790 IV, 12. 10 | politics, mentioned by the European Union and the WHO.~ ~o The
2791 IV, 12. 10 | programmes on citizen empowerment~European public health programme~
2792 IV, 12. 10 | Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
2793 IV, 12. 10 | programmes on citizen empowerment~European strategy for health~ ~ ~ ~
2794 IV, 12. 10 | strategy for health~ ~ ~ ~European public health programme~ ~
2795 IV, 12. 10 | Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
2796 IV, 12. 10 | CE and 2004/27/CE, of the European Parliament and of the Council
2797 IV, 12. 10 | Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
2798 IV, 12. 10 | safety is accordingly to the European Directives and regulations.~
2799 IV, 12. 10 | High~ At national level~European Guidelines for Hypertension
2800 IV, 12. 10 | programmes on citizen empowerment~European strategy for health~ ~ ~ ~
2801 IV, 12. 10 | strategy for health~ ~ ~ ~European public health programme~
2802 IV, 13.Acr | Adjusted Life Years~EACH~European Association for Children
2803 IV, 13.Acr | and New Technologies~ERC~European Research Council~ESF~European
2804 IV, 13.Acr | European Research Council~ESF~European Social Fund~FP7~Framework
2805 IV, 13.Acr | implementation is overseen by the European Commission’s Public Health
2806 IV, 13.Acr | Agency.~ ~In addition, the European Commission, in collaboration
2807 IV, 13. 1 | in such a framework, a European collaboration is absolutely
2808 IV, 13. 2. 2 | tools, performed at global, European and local scale. EBD indicators
2809 IV, 13. 2. 2 | years (DALYs) in the WHO European Region according to the
2810 IV, 13. 2. 2 | health conditions. In the WHO European Region, the age group 15 –
2811 IV, 13. 2. 2 | years, living in the WHO European region (51 countries), 2-
2812 IV, 13. 2. 2 | Health Organization (WHO) European Region (at present comprising
2813 IV, 13. 2. 2 | DALYs annually in the WHO European Region.~· Tobacco smoking
2814 IV, 13. 2. 4 | individual countries of the European Region of WHO for the year
2815 IV, 13. 2. 4 | preventable Burden of Disease in European countries (Table 13.8).~ ~ ~
2816 IV, 13. 2. 4 | preventable risk factors in the European Union (Table 13.6) are smoking,
2817 IV, 13. 2. 4 | significant improvement in European health, resulting both in
2818 IV, 13. 3 | changes~ ~The ageing of European populations is the inevitable
2819 IV, 13. 3 | further toward a healthier European Union. Such a conclusion
2820 IV, 13. 3 | are compared. In 2006, the European Commission, Directorate-General
2821 IV, 13. 3 | challenge to opportunity” (European Commission 2006) and another
2822 IV, 13. 3 | health policies. The lack at European level, of a consensus methodological
2823 IV, 13. 3 | Within this context, the European cooperation is fundamental
2824 IV, 13. 4 | for Member-States and the European Union as a whole. Employment
2825 IV, 13. 4 | to each Member State. The European Years of Equal opportunities
2826 IV, 13. 4 | appropriate measures. In these European Years, several awareness-raising
2827 IV, 13. 4 | each Member State. The new European Social Fund (ESF) regulation (
2828 IV, 13. 4 | period. Working alongside the European Social Fund (ESF), it started
2829 IV, 13. 4 | the implementation of the European Employment Strategy and
2830 IV, 13. 5 | all levels of development. European countries intensively debate
2831 IV, 13. 5 | been reaffirmed by the WHO European Ministerial Conference on
2832 IV, 13. 5 | Member States of the WHO European Region commit themselves
2833 IV, 13. 5 | Member States, there is a European dimension to these issues.
2834 IV, 13. 5 | Successive rulings from the European Court of Justice established
2835 IV, 13. 5 | a representative of the European Parliament and 6 European
2836 IV, 13. 5 | European Parliament and 6 European NGOs representing civil
2837 IV, 13. 5 | civil society, including European doctors and patients, to
2838 IV, 13. 5 | healthcare developments in the European Union. Their report made
2839 IV, 13. 5 | recognising the potential value of European cooperation in helping Member
2840 IV, 13. 5 | communications, making proposals for European co-operation and extending
2841 IV, 13. 6. 2 | separate structures.~ ~The European Association for Children
2842 IV, 13. 6. 2 | Charter of Leiden. So far, 16 European countries have become members
2843 IV, 13. 6. 2 | of nurses varies across European states. However, this function
2844 IV, 13. 6. 2 | this is an area where the European Community is starting to
2845 IV, 13. 7 | introduced throughout the European Union in 2005. In 2006,
2846 IV, 13. 7. 1 | and execution. A number of European initiatives aim at enabling
2847 IV, 13. 7. 1 | development of clusters. The European Cluster Alliance is a first
2848 IV, 13. 7. 1 | brings together over 50 European partners such as ministries,
2849 IV, 13. 7. 1 | policies and initiatives, a "European Cluster Memorandum" is being
2850 IV, 13. 7. 1 | towards a common agenda. The European Cluster Alliance that was
2851 IV, 13. 7. 1 | of PRO INNO Europe. The European Cluster Memorandum is a
2852 IV, 13. 7. 1 | between regional, national and~European policy levels.~ ~
2853 IV, 13. 7. 2 | the sixth edition of the European Innovation Scoreboard. The
2854 IV, 13. 7. 2 | practice. The creation of a European Institute of Technology
2855 IV, 13. 7. 3 | the subtitle “Building the European research area of knowledge
2856 IV, 13. 7. 3 | Commission proposal and the European Parliament and Council Decision ,
2857 IV, 13. 7. 3 | initiating an autonomous European Research Council; (iii)
2858 IV, 13. 7. 3 | strengthening the human potential of European research through support
2859 IV, 13. 7. 3 | and the development of European research careers (‘Marie
2860 IV, 13. 7. 3 | delivery of healthcare to European citizens. The “Information
2861 IV, 13. 7. 3 | with the priorities of the European Environment and Health Actions
2862 IV, 13. 7. 3 | focus. For this reason, the European Research Council (ERC) started
2863 IV, 13. 7. 3 | partnership, competing at European level, in all scientific
2864 IV, 13. 7. 3 | the formation of a common European Research Area. While the
2865 IV, 13. 7. 3 | possibilities provided by the European Research Council, the opportunities
2866 IV, 13. 7. 3 | prominently represented in the European research agenda. Transnational
2867 IV, 13. 7. 3 | cooperation between national and European research funds have an important
2868 IV, 13. 7. 4 | obviously very important, thus a European Group on Ethics and New
2869 IV, 13. 7. 4 | has been established at European level. The group is consulted
2870 IV, 13. 7. 4 | to be considered by the European Commission and Member States.~ ~
2871 IV, 13. 7. 5 | diseases and health systems at European level, in order to enable
2872 IV, 13. 7. 5 | needs of the society. In a European context, the EU Directive
2873 IV, 13. 7. 5 | health Information system at European level as described above.
2874 IV, 13. 7. 5 | the Work Group urges the European Commission to assess whether
2875 IV, 13. 7. 5 | is needed and hence the European Commission is strongly encouraged,
2876 IV, 13. 7. 5 | national, and subsequently at European level, these goals will
2877 IV, 13. 8 | policy making at national, European and international level
2878 IV, 13. 8 | different Member States of the European Union.~Comparable data at
2879 IV, 13. 8 | levels: local, national, European or international levels.~
2880 IV, 13. 8 | published in the web. The European Public Health Alliance is
2881 IV, 13. 8 | Public Health Alliance is a European Platform of health and health-related
2882 IV, 13. 8 | common to NGOs working at European level.~ ~These organizations
2883 IV, 13. 8 | correctly stated by the European Commission in the White
2884 IV, 13. 8 | through other channels.” (European Commission, 2001)~ ~Participating
2885 IV, 13. 8 | decision making processes~ ~The European Commission has defined the
2886 IV, 13. 8 | the candidate countries.” (European Commission, 2001) In welcoming
2887 IV, 13. 8 | views of specific groups of European citizens to the European
2888 IV, 13. 8 | European citizens to the European Institutions;~· contributing
2889 IV, 13. 8 | management; and~· contributing to European integration.~ ~In addition,
2890 IV, 13. 8 | groups initiated by the European Commission, in particular
2891 IV, 13. 8 | health-oriented policies. At European level, the European Commission
2892 IV, 13. 8 | At European level, the European Commission has set up many
2893 IV, 13. 8 | Health policy Forum, the European Forum on Services in the
2894 IV, 13. 8 | proper funding is needed.~The European Commission is bound to consult
2895 IV, 13. 8 | subsequent action from the European Commission comprise a Green
2896 IV, 13. 9 | EPC(2006)REP/238 final).~ ~European Commission (1995): Directive
2897 IV, 13. 9 | Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and the Council
2898 IV, 13. 9 | Development (CHILD): Report to the European Commission; Centre for Health
2899 IV, 13. 9 | Management, Keele, UK, for European Commission Health and Consumer
2900 IV, 13. 9 | Priority for a Caring Society; European Journal of Public Health,
2901 IV, 13. 9 | en.pdf]~ ~WHO (2005): The European health report 2005. Public
