Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 9. FB| pregnancy and infancy, because maternal smoking during pregnancy
2 II, 5. 9. FB| protective effect of any maternal exclusion diet during that
3 II, 5. 9. FB| The protective effect of maternal avoidance of potential food
4 II, 9 | perinatal health~ ~High maternal age at delivery. Maternal
5 II, 9 | maternal age at delivery. Maternal demographic characteristics
6 II, 9 | known to be associated with maternal and neonatal conditions
7 II, 9 | The relationship between maternal age and perinatal health
8 II, 9 | with deprivation.~ ~Older maternal age is a risk factor for
9 II, 9 | heating), family income, and maternal education (see above). Data
10 II, 9 | UNICEF, 2005). Data on maternal education is more difficult
11 II, 9. 1 | origin (Cans et al, 2003). Maternal deaths occur less frequently -
12 II, 9. 1. 1| century, the post-war focus on maternal and child health programmes
13 II, 9. 1. 1| Today, perinatal, infant and maternal mortality rates are among
14 II, 9. 1. 1| however. As perinatal and maternal health have improved, absolute
15 II, 9. 1. 1| neonatal and child health; maternal health; population characteristics
16 II, 9. 1. 1| Neonatal screening policies~Maternal health~ C: Maternal mortality
17 II, 9. 1. 1| policies~Maternal health~ C: Maternal mortality ratio by age,
18 II, 9. 1. 1| age, mode of delivery~R: Maternal mortality by cause of death~
19 II, 9. 1. 1| R: Prevalence of severe maternal morbidity~F: Prevalence
20 II, 9. 1. 1| fetuses~C: Distribution of maternal age~C: Distribution of parity~
21 II, 9. 1. 1| to women~F: Indicator of maternal satisfaction~F: Births attended
22 II, 9. 1. 1| Table 9.1 and the section on maternal health.~ ~HealthCare~ ~Healthcare
23 II, 9. 1. 1| Vutuc C, Lindmark G (2003): Maternal health outcomes in Europe.
24 II, 9. 1. 1| Alexander S, Berg CJ (1995) Maternal mortality in developed countries:
25 II, 9. 1. 1| Varnoux N, Breart G (1995): Maternal deaths and substandard care:
26 II, 9. 1. 1| JT, Vintzileos AM (2004): Maternal age and risk of fetal death
27 II, 9. 1. 1| et al (2005): Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome.
28 II, 9. 1. 1| pregnancy: smoking prevalence, maternal characteristics, and pregnancy
29 II, 9. 1. 1| outcomes with increasing maternal age. Hum Reprod 2007;22(
30 II, 9. 1. 1| Contemporary risks of maternal morbidity and adverse outcomes
31 II, 9. 1. 1| outcomes with increasing maternal age and plurality. Fertil
32 II, 9. 1. 1| Kiely JL (1994): Effects of maternal age, parity, and smoking
33 II, 9. 1. 1| CW, Willinger M (2006): Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth
34 II, 9. 1. 1| immigrant versus indigenous maternal deaths in The Netherlands.
35 II, 9. 1. 2| associated with advanced maternal age. The increase in average
36 II, 9. 1. 2| The increase in average maternal age in Europe is documented
37 II, 9. 1. 2| corresponds to differences in maternal age profile between countries (
38 II, 9. 1. 2| outweighed the increase in maternal age. In 2000-2004, differences
39 II, 9. 1. 2| screening and TOPFA, as well as maternal age differences, resulted
40 II, 9. 1. 2| socioeconomic status and young maternal age (less than 20 years).
41 II, 9. 1. 2| perinatal health~ ~ ~High maternal age at delivery. Maternal
42 II, 9. 1. 2| maternal age at delivery. Maternal demographic characteristics
43 II, 9. 1. 2| known to be associated with maternal and neonatal conditions
44 II, 9. 1. 2| The relationship between maternal age and perinatal health
45 II, 9. 1. 2| with deprivation.~ ~Older maternal age is a risk factor for
46 II, 9. 1. 2| congenital anomaly such as maternal nutrition, maternal infection,
47 II, 9. 1. 2| such as maternal nutrition, maternal infection, maternal drug
48 II, 9. 1. 2| nutrition, maternal infection, maternal drug exposure, occupational
49 II, 9. 1. 2| The phenomenon of older maternal age at childbirth and its
50 II, 9. 1. 2| Congenital Malformations and Maternal Occupational Exposure to
51 II, 9. 1. 2| Aymé S, Goujard J (1992): "Maternal Occupational Exposure and
52 II, 9. 2. 4| heating), family income, and maternal education (see above). Data
53 II, 9. 2. 4| UNICEF, 2005). Data on maternal education is more difficult
54 II, 9. 3. 1| Development Goals (WHO)~MMR~Maternal mortality rate~MOMS~European
55 II, 9. 3. 2| 9.3.2. Maternal health~ ~
56 II, 9. 3. 2| Although a very rare event, maternal mortality is considered
57 II, 9. 3. 2| performance because many maternal deaths are associated with
58 II, 9. 3. 2| are potentially avoidable. Maternal mortality results from several
59 II, 9. 3. 2| complications and diseases. Maternal morbidity is not, however,
60 II, 9. 3. 2| Data sources relevant for maternal health have been presented
61 II, 9. 3. 2| indicator for monitoring maternal health, the maternal mortality
62 II, 9. 3. 2| monitoring maternal health, the maternal mortality ratio, as well
63 II, 9. 3. 2| recommended indicators, maternal deaths by cause and the
64 II, 9. 3. 2| the prevalence of severe maternal morbidity (Alexander et
65 II, 9. 3. 2| al, 2003). The causes of maternal death can be separated into
66 II, 9. 3. 2| such as cardiac and other maternal conditions that are aggravated
67 II, 9. 3. 2| pregnancy. Committees that audit maternal deaths regularly report
68 II, 9. 3. 2| definition of what constitutes a maternal death in European statistics
69 II, 9. 3. 2| deaths are excluded. The maternal mortality ratio is a complex
70 II, 9. 3. 2| in which the numerator is maternal deaths and the denominator
71 II, 9. 3. 2| full population at risk for maternal death. Accurate MMRs require
72 II, 9. 3. 2| years.~ ~Data quality for maternal deaths must be considered
73 II, 9. 3. 2| countries, for example, a maternal death of a woman who is
74 II, 9. 3. 2| not be counted. Audits of maternal deaths exist in many countries
75 II, 9. 3. 2| Confidential Enquiry on Maternal Deaths in the UK, which
76 II, 9. 3. 2| shown in Figure 9.3.2.1. the maternal mortality ratio in the European
77 II, 9. 3. 2| has declined from about 20 maternal deaths per 100 000 live
78 II, 9. 3. 2| 3.2.2., which gives the maternal mortality ratios for the
79 II, 9. 3. 2| significant.~ ~Figure 9.3.2.2. Maternal mortality ratio in selected
80 II, 9. 3. 2| the same or even higher maternal mortality ratios after the
81 II, 9. 3. 2| 1990s. Improved quality of maternal mortality statistics may
82 II, 9. 3. 2| women (such as advanced maternal age, the increased proportion
83 II, 9. 3. 2| of chronic diseases and maternal conditions, the higher multiple
84 II, 9. 3. 2| to establish the level of maternal morbidity within different
85 II, 9. 3. 2| The prevalence of “severe” maternal morbidity, which is most
86 II, 9. 3. 2| from 0.02-37%.~ ~Severe maternal morbidity is a EURO-PERISTAT
87 II, 9. 3. 2| the multiple birth rate, maternal age, parity, smoking and
88 II, 9. 3. 2| age, parity, smoking and maternal education. The mother’s
89 II, 9. 3. 2| only currently available on maternal age and parity in existing
90 II, 9. 3. 2| studies to be affected by maternal characteristics such as
91 II, 9. 3. 2| There are wide variations in maternal mortality ratios in Europe.
92 II, 9. 3. 2| job finding and counting maternal deaths. A priority for the
93 II, 9. 3. 2| complete ascertainment of maternal deaths. It is also essential
94 II, 9. 3. 2| death. Instituting audits of maternal deaths are a well proven
95 II, 9. 3. 2| registers to measure severe maternal morbidity.~ ~The great variety
96 II, 9. 3. 2| Vutuc C, Lindmark G (2003): Maternal health outcomes in Europe.
97 II, 9. 3. 2| Alexander S, Berg CJ (1995) Maternal mortality in developed countries:
98 II, 9. 3. 2| Varnoux N, Breart G (1995): Maternal deaths and substandard care:
99 II, 9. 3. 2| JT, Vintzileos AM (2004): Maternal age and risk of fetal death
100 II, 9. 3. 2| et al (2005): Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome.
101 II, 9. 3. 2| pregnancy: smoking prevalence, maternal characteristics, and pregnancy
102 II, 9. 3. 2| confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom.~ ~
103 II, 9. 3. 2| outcomes with increasing maternal age. Hum Reprod 2007;22(
104 II, 9. 3. 2| Contemporary risks of maternal morbidity and adverse outcomes
105 II, 9. 3. 2| outcomes with increasing maternal age and plurality. Fertil
106 II, 9. 3. 2| Kiely JL (1994): Effects of maternal age, parity, and smoking
107 II, 9. 3. 2| CW, Willinger M (2006): Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth
108 II, 9. 3. 2| Confidential enquiry into maternal deaths in The Netherlands
109 II, 9. 3. 2| immigrant versus indigenous maternal deaths in The Netherlands.
110 III, 10. 2. 1| health effects~Effects on Maternal and Child Health~Other diseases
111 III, 10. 2. 1| communicable diseases, and into maternal and child health policies; (
112 III, 10. 2. 5| malnutrition can be due to maternal malnutrition (being rare
113 III, 10. 2. 5| gestational diabetes or even maternal smoking. Longitudinal data
114 III, 10. 2. 5| in Europe indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy
115 III, 10. 2. 5| of antenatal exposure to maternal smoking on behaviournal
116 III, 10. 2. 5| Schuengel C (2007): Unresolved maternal attachment representations,
117 III, 10. 2. 5| representations, disrupted maternal behavior and disorganized
118 III, 10. 2. 5| of schizophrenia with low maternal body mass index, small size
119 III, 10. 4. 2| perfluorinated compounds in human maternal and cord blood samples:
120 IV, 11. 6. 4| transplantation, emergency, neonatal/maternal, miscellanea) and a list
