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Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 1. 1| Cardiovascular diseases~CVD clinically manifests itself
2 II, 5. 1. 1| dyslipidemia and obesity). CVD is a multifactorial disease,
3 II, 5. 1. 1| differences in IHD. Among all CVD risk factors, age remains
4 II, 5. 1. 1| important risk factor for CVD. A too rich diet (excess
5 II, 5. 2.Acr| Computed Tomography Scan~CVD~Cardiovascular Disease~DBP~
6 II, 5. 2. 1| The most frequent forms of CVD are those of atherosclerotic
7 II, 5. 2. 1| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for almost half
8 II, 5. 2. 1| Allender et al, 2008). CVD is also a major cause of
9 II, 5. 2. 1| rates of mortality from CVD, there is an increasing
10 II, 5. 2. 1| men and women living with CVD. This paradox relates to
11 II, 5. 2. 1| survival of patients with CVD.~The burden of CVD is killing
12 II, 5. 2. 1| with CVD.~The burden of CVD is killing more people than
13 II, 5. 2. 1| clinical onset is mainly acute, CVD often evolves gradually,
14 II, 5. 2. 1| most European countries CVD mortality has declined since
15 II, 5. 2. 1| mortality, the annual number of CVD is expected to increase
16 II, 5. 2. 1| in the health burden of CVD and consequent increase
17 II, 5. 2. 1| costs increase and make CVD prevention and treatment
18 II, 5. 2. 2| comparability of data available on CVD beyond mortality, other
19 II, 5. 2. 2| individuals aged over 75 years CVD mortality becomes increasingly
20 II, 5. 2. 2| strategies.~Dynamics of CVD mortality in Western and
21 II, 5. 2. 2| Kuulasmaa et al, 2000) and CVD medical care (Tunstall-Pedoe
22 II, 5. 2. 2| system (IHD, stroke and other CVD), cancer and violence were
23 II, 5. 2. 2| discharge rates for all CVD, IHD, acute myocardial infarction (
24 II, 5. 2. 2| coronary care to the decline in CVD mortality. Data from the
25 II, 5. 2. 2| 5.2.2.3 Risk factors~CVD clinically manifests itself
26 II, 5. 2. 2| pressure, diabetes, obesity). CVD is a multifactorial disease,
27 II, 5. 2. 2| differences in IHD. Among all CVD risk factors, age remains
28 II, 5. 2. 2| important risk factor for CVD.~Last available data on
29 II, 5. 2. 3| heart disease~ ~Mortality~ ~CVD is the main cause of death
30 II, 5. 2. 3| In the 35-74 age-range, CVD accounts for 34% of total
31 II, 5. 2. 3| together with the data on all CVD hospital discharges. There
32 II, 5. 2. 3| hospitalization for all CVD and for IHD and stroke.
33 II, 5. 2. 3| hospitalizations are due to other CVD. This means that in recent
34 II, 5. 2. 3| hospitalizations for other CVD, such as heart failure and
35 II, 5. 2. 3| rates (x100.000) from all CVD, IHD,AMI, and stroke Last
36 II, 5. 2. 3| source of information for CVD morbidity. Three treatments
37 II, 5. 2. 3| routinely updated sources of CVD morbidity data in EU.~ ~
38 II, 5. 2. 4| factors in primary prevention~CVD is eminently preventable.
39 II, 5. 2. 4| use would more than halve CVD incidence.~CVD has a multifactor
40 II, 5. 2. 4| than halve CVD incidence.~CVD has a multifactor aetiology,
41 II, 5. 2. 4| continuous association with CVD incidence (age, blood pressure,
42 II, 5. 2. 4| factors for the prediction of CVD. Actually, obesity is a
43 II, 5. 2. 4| factors associated with CVD include diabetes mellitus,
44 II, 5. 2. 4| associated with a reduced CVD incidence (Wellman J, 2004).~
45 II, 5. 2. 4| a part of the change in CVD (Kuulasmaa et al. 2000).~
46 II, 5. 2. 4| observed country variation in CVD can be attributed to differences
47 II, 5. 2. 4| the European guidelines on CVD prevention had been properly
48 II, 5. 2. 5| associated with very low CVD risk (Palmieri et al, 2006;
49 II, 5. 2. 5| An established concept in CVD prevention is that individual
50 II, 5. 2. 5| increasing intensity as the CVD risk increases; treatment
51 II, 5. 2. 5| control are the milestones of CVD prevention. The preferential
52 II, 5. 2. 5| prevention approaches of CVD risk factors related to
53 II, 5. 2. 5| had the world’s highest CVD mortality rate. Planners
54 II, 5. 2. 5| factors contributing to CVD and sought appropriate changes,
55 II, 5. 2. 5| blood pressure. By 1992, CVD mortality rates for men
56 II, 5. 2. 5| later, major reductions in CVD risk factor levels, morbidity
57 II, 5. 2. 5| al, 1998).~Experience in CVD control, spelt out in the
58 II, 5. 2. 5| foster disease (including CVD) control and will help reduce
59 II, 5. 2. 5| action is taken to address CVD.~· The Luxembourg Declaration (
60 II, 5. 2. 5| strengthening of comprehensive CVD prevention plans and to
61 II, 5. 2. 5| have been adopted to combat CVD and other major non-communicable
62 II, 5. 2. 5| special focus on “Women and CVD” was held in Brussels under
63 II, 5. 2. 5| by reducing the impact of CVD is fully reported in the
64 II, 5. 2. 6| role in the aetiology of CVD. These factors are largely
65 II, 5. 2. 6| cessation occur faster for CVD than in other diseases.
66 II, 5. 2. 6| Plasma cholesterol levels and CVD risk~Observational studies
67 II, 5. 2. 6| in blood in determining CVD risk was elucidated in the
68 II, 5. 2. 6| protective) association with CVD (Kannel WB, 1985). Randomized,
69 II, 5. 2. 6| years a 1% reduction of CVD incidence (Robinson JG et
70 II, 5. 2. 6| individuals considered for CVD prevention.~ ~Blood pressure
71 II, 5. 2. 6| prevention.~ ~Blood pressure and CVD risk~Elevated blood pressure
72 II, 5. 2. 6| Lewington S et al, 2002). The CVD risk associated to blood
73 II, 5. 2. 6| associated to increased CVD risk, especially in elderly
74 II, 5. 2. 6| reduction of fatal and non fatal CVD events. The reduction is
75 II, 5. 2. 6| patients with established CVD) (Graham I et al, 2007).~ ~
76 II, 5. 4. 6| options for the reduction of CVD and of the rising prevalence
77 II, 5. 8.Acr| obstructive pulmonary disease~CVD~cardiovascular disease~ECRHS~
78 II, 5. 8. 3| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was described as a very
79 II, 5. 8. 3| factor for both COPD and CVD, CVD in patients with COPD
80 II, 5. 8. 3| factor for both COPD and CVD, CVD in patients with COPD is
81 II, 9. 3. 1| Men’s Health Forum, 2005). CVD tends to affect women about
82 II, 9. 3. 1| Arber, 2006).~ ~Because CVD tends to develop at a later
83 II, 9. 3. 1| in all atherothrombotic CVD, incidence increases with
84 III, 10. 2. 1| obstructive pulmonary disease.~CVD~Cardiovascular disease.~
85 III, 10. 2. 1| related diseases (COPD and CVD) for the EU at an equivalent
86 III, 10. 2. 1| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the largest single cause
87 III, 10. 2. 1| including lung cancer, COPD and CVD. It is estimated that 79,
88 III, 10. 2. 1| prominent NCDs, such as CVD, cancer and COPD have one
89 III, 10. 2. 1| related diseases: COPD and CVD, in Europe amount to between €
90 III, 10. 2. 1| International study measuring CVD risk factors including insufficient
91 III, 10. 2. 2| time, a 1% reduction of CVD incidence. The ischemic
92 III, 10. 2. 2| has a protective effect on CVD. HDL less than 1.2 mmol/
93 III, 10. 2. 2| individuals considered for CVD prevention.~ ~For more details
94 III, 10. 2. 3| mortality from CHD and stroke. CVD risk is associated to blood
95 III, 10. 2. 3| associated to increased CVD risk, especially in elderly
96 III, 10. 2. 3| reduction of fatal and non fatal CVD events. The reduction is
97 III, 10. 2. 3| sufficient, and if the overall CVD risk of the patient is high,
98 III, 10. 5. 3| cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as for mental disorders -
99 III, 10. 5. 3| The economic burden of CVD in the EU25 is estimated
100 III, 10. 5. 3| years were lost because of CVD mortality. This was estimated
101 III, 10. 5. 3| days were lost because of CVD morbidity (i.e. 591 days
102 III, 10. 5. 3| billion. Thus, premature CVD deaths were responsible
103 III, 10. 5. 3| of the indirect costs and CVD illness, in those of working
104 IV, 12. 2 | Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)~ ~Blood lipid and blood
105 IV, 12. 2 | control are the milestones of CVD prevention. An established
106 IV, 12. 2 | An established concept in CVD prevention is that individual
107 IV, 12. 2 | increasing intensity as the CVD risk increases; treatment
108 IV, 12. 2 | had the world’s highest CVD mortality rate. Planners
109 IV, 12. 2 | factors contributing to CVD and sought appropriate changes,
110 IV, 12. 2 | blood pressure. By 1992, CVD mortality rates for men
111 IV, 12. 2 | later, major reductions in CVD risk factor levels, morbidity
112 IV, 12. 2 | strengthening of comprehensive CVD prevention plans and to
113 IV, 12. 2 | adopted with a view to combat CVD and other major non-communicable
114 IV, 12. 2 | special focus on “Women and CVD” was held in Brussels under
115 IV, 12. 2 | by reducing the impact of CVD is registered fully in the
116 IV, 12. 2 | Brussels. Experience in CVD control, spelt out in the
117 IV, 12. 2 | foster disease (including CVD) control and will help reduce
118 IV, 12. 2 | options for reduction of CVD and because of the rising
119 IV, 12. 10 | management programmes, e.g. DMP CVD, structured hypertension
120 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| cryptosporidiosis~cryptosporidium~CVD~cyanobacteria~cycling~cyclophosphamide~
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