Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 4 | services. The Structural funds will be used to support
2 I, 2. 5 | undertakings and pension funds, which needs to be well
3 II, 5. 3. 2 | illegal.~ ~Lack of dedicated funds or specialised structures
4 II, 5. 14. 3 | professional time and health care funds to patients who need more
5 III, 10. 2. 1 | effective way to spend health funds, after childhood immunization (
6 III, 10. 6. 2 | services. The Structural funds will be used to support
7 IV, 11. 1. 3 | with competitive sickness funds e.g. Germany and the Netherlands;~
8 IV, 11. 1. 3 | competition between insurance funds in systems with social insurance;
9 IV, 11. 1. 5 | Germany, health insurance funds impose data and documentation
10 IV, 11. 1. 6 | information for insurance funds improved, and hospital costs
11 IV, 11. 1. 6 | regulation, collection of funds and handling of insurance
12 IV, 11. 1. 6 | permitted between sickness funds, with the exception of Luxembourg (
13 IV, 11. 1. 6 | competing private insurance funds though with heavy state
14 IV, 11. 6 | and recent trends, which funds are collected and how they
15 IV, 11. 6. 2 | functions: collection of funds, pooling funds across time
16 IV, 11. 6. 2 | collection of funds, pooling funds across time and across the
17 IV, 11. 6. 2 | national pool of public funds which has positive implications
18 IV, 11. 6. 2 | by individual insurance funds. Some countries have introduced
19 IV, 11. 6. 2 | between health insurance funds to improve purchasing, though
20 IV, 11. 6. 2 | constraints.~ ~Collecting funds~ ~The sources of financing
21 IV, 11. 6. 2 | competing private insurance funds.~ ~Table 11.12. Financing
22 IV, 11. 6. 2 | individual health insurance funds, as in Austria, the Czech Republic,
23 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| expenditure data classify all funds channelled through social
24 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| through social insurance funds as social insurance contributions
25 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| substantial amounts of tax-based funds that are allocated to insurance
26 IV, 11. 6. 2(4)| are allocated to insurance funds to subsidize for those who
27 IV, 11. 6. 2 | equalizing revenues across funds (Thomson, Foubister and
28 IV, 11. 6. 2 | For instance, multiple funds that can compete may improve
29 IV, 11. 6. 2 | there are multiple competing funds, as in the Czech Republic,
30 IV, 11. 6. 2 | limit the incentives for funds to cream skim healthier
31 IV, 11. 6. 2 | will be in place to collect funds centrally (Thomson, Foubister
32 IV, 11. 6. 2 | Relying on health insurance funds to collect resources may
33 IV, 11. 6. 2 | revenue from the insurance funds (in Romania for the employed
34 IV, 11. 6. 2 | making health insurance funds’ revenue less vulnerable
35 IV, 11. 6. 2 | tax transfers to insurance funds were introduced to cover
36 IV, 11. 6. 2 | citizenship. Former sickness funds have been given private
37 IV, 11. 6. 2 | while the aim of competing funds and choice of insurer relies
38 IV, 11. 6. 2 | the presence of multiple funds, the insurance market is
39 IV, 11. 6. 2 | number of mergers among funds. Twenty years ago there
40 IV, 11. 6. 2 | years ago there were 100 funds, while currently there are
41 IV, 11. 6. 2 | are 19 private insurance funds, but only 5 when one considers
42 IV, 11. 6. 2 | insurance companies and funds (in Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
43 IV, 11. 6. 4 | social health insurance funds (Table 11.14), the resources
44 IV, 11. 6. 4 | resources generated by the funds may be pooled and then distributed
45 IV, 11. 6. 4 | then distributed to the funds. Pooling enhances efficiency
46 IV, 11. 6. 4 | separated. In most countries, funds are pooled at a single,
47 IV, 11. 6. 4 | individual health insurance funds are responsible for collecting
48 IV, 11. 6. 4 | and about 290 insurance funds, respectively) 100% of funds
49 IV, 11. 6. 4 | funds, respectively) 100% of funds are redistributed; the Czech Republic
50 IV, 11. 6. 4 | population for which the funds were pooled. Purchasing
51 IV, 11. 6. 4 | purchasers (e.g. social insurance funds), whereas in countries with
52 IV, 11. 6. 4 | distribution of resources of funds, ensuring equal access for
53 IV, 11. 6. 4 | possibility of sickness funds engaging in risk selection
54 IV, 11. 6. 4 | there is competition between funds (as in Belgium, the Czech Republic,
55 IV, 11. 6. 4 | governments and health insurance funds are often reluctant to surrender
56 IV, 11. 6. 4 | amongst competing sickness funds in social insurance systems,
57 IV, 11. 6. 4 | potential for health insurance funds to identify and preferentially
58 IV, 11. 6. 4 | to adjust for risk. Thus, funds still have strong financial
59 IV, 11. 6. 4 | competition among insurance funds (van de Ven et al 2007).~ ~
60 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Collection and allocation of funds, and description of the
61 IV, 11. 6. 4 | institutions~Each fund allocates~22 funds~No risk pooling across funds.
62 IV, 11. 6. 4 | funds~No risk pooling across funds. No capitation.~Belgium~
63 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 100 competitive sickness funds~Age, sex, unemployment,
64 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Regional Health Insurance Funds (insurance revenue).~ ~Insurance
65 IV, 11. 6. 4 | fund + 7 sector/enterprise funds*~Each fund allocates~*~ ~
66 IV, 11. 6. 4 | age~Germany~355 sickness funds~Federal Insurance Office~
67 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 355 competitive sickness funds~Age, sex (and fund’s income
68 IV, 11. 6. 4 | social health insurance funds. Ministry of Finance. Ministry
69 IV, 11. 6. 4 | allocates to NHS and insurance funds to cover deficits.~30 sickness
70 IV, 11. 6. 4 | cover deficits.~30 sickness funds (employment based)~No capitation.
71 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Latvia~State~SCHIA allocates funds to 8 regional funds~ ~Size
72 IV, 11. 6. 4 | allocates funds to 8 regional funds~ ~Size and age structure~
73 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Luxembourg~Union of Sickness Funds~Union of Sickness Funds~
74 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Funds~Union of Sickness Funds~9 sickness funds (employment
75 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Sickness Funds~9 sickness funds (employment based)~No capitation.
76 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 26 competitive sickness funds~Age, sex, welfare or disability
77 IV, 11. 6. 4 | DRGs)~Poland~16 regional funds + 1 trade fund~Each fund
78 IV, 11. 6. 4 | District health insurance funds and 2 national funds administered
79 IV, 11. 6. 4 | insurance funds and 2 national funds administered by Ministries
80 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Ministry of Health~42 insurance funds and 2 national funds~mix
81 IV, 11. 6. 4 | insurance funds and 2 national funds~mix of population risks~
82 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Switzerland~93 sickness funds~Joint Organization of Insurers (
83 IV, 11. 6. 4 | 18)~Competitive sickness funds~Age, sex, region (and fund’
84 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Finance; Social insurance funds (SSK; GERF; Bag-Kur)~Ministry
85 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Health; Social insurance funds~Ministry of Health; Social
86 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Health; Social insurance funds~none~Wales~HM Revenue and
87 IV, 11. 6. 4 | Czech partner, since 2007 8 funds are present in Czech Republic;
88 IV, 11. 6. 4 | in Czech Republic; these funds are also purchasers of health
89 IV, 11. 6. 4 | hope that health insurance funds could collect additional
90 IV, 12.Acr | Life Years~SFs~Structural Funds~WHO~World Health Organisation~ ~ ~ ~
91 IV, 12. 1 | structural and cohesion funds that, among others, also
92 IV, 12. 3 | resources (e.g. structural funds and the PROGRESS fund);and~·
93 IV, 12. 5 | other Community policies and funds; improve solidarity between
94 IV, 12. 8 | can use the EU Structural Funds for regional health investment
95 IV, 12. 8 | countries. The EU Structural Funds, together with the EEA and
96 IV, 12. 10 | organisations like sickness funds, sports clubs, automobile
97 IV, 12. 10 | system (Statutory Sickness Funds, Accident Insurance and
98 IV, 12. 10 | communal authorities, sickness funds, private organizations,
99 IV, 12. 10 | SGB V Statutory Sickness Funds can grant (financial) incentives
100 IV, 12. 10 | manufactures, insurance funds, and patient organizations
101 IV, 13. 5 | services. The structural funds should be used to support
102 IV, 13. 7. 3 | national and European research funds have an important potential
