Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 II, 5. 5. 3| Hematologic, Biochemical, and Bone Density Parameters in Community-Dwelling
2 II, 5. 6.Acr| Acronyms~ ~BMD~Bone Mineral Density~DALYs~Disability
3 II, 5. 6. 1| arthritis, osteoarthritis; (2) bone conditions e.g. osteoporosis
4 II, 5. 6. 1| through support of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010
5 II, 5. 6. 2| University of Oslo and Bone and Joint Decade, 2003 (
6 II, 5. 6. 2| practitioner and policy maker. Bone and Joint Decade, Lund 2005 (
7 II, 5. 6. 3| experienced long-term muscle, bone and joint problems such
8 II, 5. 6. 3| associated with hypertrophy of bone (osteophytes and subchondral
9 II, 5. 6. 3| osteophytes and subchondral bone sclerosis) and thickening
10 II, 5. 6. 3| disease characterized by a low bone mass and a microarchitectural
11 II, 5. 6. 3| microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent
12 II, 5. 6. 3| a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility
13 II, 5. 6. 3| basis of measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). The
14 II, 5. 6. 3| fracture rises when the bone mineral density (BMD) declines,
15 II, 5. 6. 3| 2.5).~ ~Osteopenia (low bone mass): a BMD value between
16 II, 5. 6. 3| fracture are falling, low bone mass, i.e. osteoporosis,
17 II, 5. 6. 3| factors for fracture such as bone turnover as assessed by
18 II, 5. 6. 3| turnover as assessed by bone markers. Frailty and co-morbidity
19 II, 5. 6. 3| men or women with reduced bone strength. The risk of falling
20 II, 5. 6. 3| 5.6.9. Risk factors for bone loss, development of osteoporosis
21 II, 5. 6. 3| elderly (excluding falls)~ ~Bone density has the strongest
22 II, 5. 6. 3| increases when combining low bone density with the presence
23 II, 5. 6. 3| fracture. In particular, bone density combined with risk
24 II, 5. 6. 3| least partly independent of bone density (Cummings et al,
25 II, 5. 6. 4| as major reason muscle, bone and joint problems (Eurobarometer
26 II, 5. 6. 6| Health, ISBN 91-975284-0-4. Bone and Joint Decade Lund, Sweden.
27 II, 5. 6. 6| osteoporosis study (EPOS). J Bone Miner Res 17:716-724~Felson
28 II, 5. 6. 6| on screening strategies. Bone 30:251-258~Kanis JA, Johnell
29 II, 5. 6. 6| osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone 27:585-590~Kanis JA and
30 II, 5. 6. 6| the general population. J Bone Miner Res 18:1139-1141~Merx
31 II, 5. 6. 6| prevalent vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 15:1384-1392~Oliveria
32 II, 5. 6. 6| fractures in England and Wales. Bone 29:517-522~WHO (1994): Assessment
33 II, 5. 6. 6| 806~Woolf AD (2000): The bone and joint decade 2000-2010.
34 II, 5. 7. 7| practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in
35 II, 5. 8. 3| out for angina, cataracts, bone fractures, osteoporosis,
36 II, 9. 3. 1| are affected by enhanced bone fragility and an increased
37 II, 9. 3. 1| osteoporosis and related bone fractures increase with
38 II, 9. 3. 1| fractures increase with age. Low bone mass at menopause can be
39 II, 9. 3. 1| can be due to insufficient bone acquisition during growth
40 II, 9. 3. 1| acquisition during growth or bone loss during adulthood. Ovarian
41 II, 9. 3. 1| in skeletal homeostasis. Bone loss accelerates for a few
42 II, 9. 3. 1| significantly to skeletal bone loss is not completely understood.
43 II, 9. 3. 1| understood. Postmenopause bone loss may be exacerbated
44 II, 9. 3. 1| low calcium intake. Severe bone loss and fractures are not
45 II, 9. 3. 1| non-invasive measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). Fracture
46 II, 9. 3. 1| for osteoporosis, although bone density is only one of many
47 II, 9. 3. 1| effective methods for detecting bone loss, many people are not
48 II, 9. 3. 1| prevent further loss of bone mass or fractures until
49 II, 9. 3. 1| to have larger accrual of bone mass during puberty; as
50 II, 9. 3. 1| consequence, men tend to suffer bone fractures approximately
51 II, 9. 3. 1| intranasal spray.~ ~Oral bone loss. Oral bone, like the
52 II, 9. 3. 1| Oral bone loss. Oral bone, like the rest of the skeleton,
53 II, 9. 3. 1| trabecular and cortical bone and undergoes formation
54 II, 9. 3. 1| the lifespan. When oral bone loss exceeds gain, it manifests
55 II, 9. 3. 1| The prevalence of oral bone loss is significant among
56 II, 9. 3. 1| age for both sexes. Oral bone loss and attendant tooth
57 II, 9. 3. 1| useful signs of extraoral bone diminution. Non pharmacologic
58 II, 9. 3. 1| approaches to preserving oral bone include smoking cessation
59 II, 9. 3. 1| may yield positive oral bone effects.~ ~Uterine bleeding.
60 II, 9. 3. 1| muscle strength, a decline in bone mineral density and changes
61 II, 9. 3. 1| assessment should be performed. Bone and erectile function may
62 II, 9. 3. 1| Smith MR (2005): Changes in bone mineral density and body
63 II, 9. 3. 1| Replacement Therapy~BMD~Bone Mineral Density~BMI~Body
64 III, 10. 2. 1| cervix~- Breast cancer~- Bone marrow (myeloid leukaemia)
65 III, 10. 2. 1| activities. At the same time, bone mass decreases with age
66 III, 10. 2. 1| for osteoporosis and hence bone fractures as the vitamin
67 III, 10. 2. 1| especially necessary to maintain bone health. This is of particular
68 III, 10. 2. 1| childhood and adolescence when bone mass is built up, determining
69 III, 10. 2. 1| built up, determining the bone mass density in later life.
70 III, 10. 2. 1| older adults can retard bone loss and reduce the risk
71 III, 10. 2. 1| sufficient.~o Physical activity. Bone density responses to increased
72 III, 10. 2. 1| of exercise that promotes bone response may be different
73 III, 10. 2. 1| exercise are required to alter bone density. Where not medically
74 III, 10. 2. 1| vitamin D nutrition and bone disease of the elderly.
75 III, 10. 3. 1| de-calcification of the bone (rickets). The negative
76 IV, 11. 5. 2| Transplantation: htt Spanish Bone Marrow Donors Registry (
77 IV, 13. 7 | tissues and cells of covers: bone, cartilage, tendons, arteries,
78 Key, Ap5. 0. 0| blood-borne~bluetongue~body weight~bone~bordetella~borreliosis~bottle-fed~
