Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 -, 1 | policies;~· Provision of data and information to facilitate
2 -, 1 | measurement of key indicators and data coverage inevitably vary
3 -, 1 | collect all the available data (see Appendix 5) for preparing
4 -, 1 | optimal use of the available data previously collected by
5 -, 1 | how to obtain additional data and information from Member
6 -, 1 | i) Introduction; (ii) Data sources; (iii) Data description
7 -, 1 | ii) Data sources; (iii) Data description and analysis; (
8 -, 1 | analyzing and disseminating data and information related
9 I, 2. 2 | of people older than 65. Data show that, without significant
10 I, 2. 2 | the relevant surveillance data. Of particular concern is
11 I, 2. 4 | Gross Domestic Product. The data reported in Figure 2.2 clearly
12 I, 2. 4 | countries with available data, rates of premature mortality
13 I, 2. 4 | countries with available data, mortality rates have generally
14 I, 2. 4 | aged 25-79 during the ’90s. Data indicate that most chronic
15 I, 2. 5 | studies and quantitative data show that employees with
16 I, 2. 6 | all countries for which data are available for both years.
17 I, 2. 7 | to catch up by providing data on these neglected settlements
18 I, 2. 10. 1 | needed for secondary health data such as the exposure to
19 I, 2. 10. 1 | huge amount of quantitative data generated by high-throughput
20 I, 2. 10. 1 | to develop more sequence data, ‘single nucleotide polymorphism’ (
21 I, 2. 10. 1 | duration of the genomics data to make sure that it remains
22 I, 2. 10. 1 | global body of bioinformatics data is an increasingly critical
23 I, 2. 10. 1 | period of high-throughput data collection and due to the
24 I, 2. 10. 2 | target tissue.~ ~For Europe, data on the actual use and market
25 I, 2. 10. 3 | such as medical emergency data and secure access to personal
26 I, 2. 10. 3 | networks of public health data and co-ordinate actions
27 I, 2. 10. 4 | automatic identification and data capture of pharmaceutical
28 I, 2. 10. 4 | scanning to match product data to patient data, verification
29 I, 2. 10. 4 | product data to patient data, verification of patient
30 I, 2. 10. 5 | both at the methods and data used for the assessment,
31 I, 2. 11 | statistical yearbook 2005. Data 1999-2003. [on-line publication
32 I, 3.Acr | Population Projections, EUROSTAT data~GCIM Global Commission on
33 I, 3. 1 | women that remain childless. Data show that childlessness
34 II, 4.Acr | Population Projections, EUROSTAT data~GALI~Global Activity Limitation
35 II, 4. 1 | and Euro-REVES, 2003). All data (death counts, population
36 II, 4. 1 | expectancy from cross-sectional data (Sullivan, 1971). Details
37 II, 4. 1 | Indicator, using survey data coming from the ECHP and
38 II, 4. 1 | 2005 and by gender. The US data come from the National Center
39 II, 4. 1 | 2007)4 and the Japanese data from the Ministry of Health
40 II, 4. 1 | required harmonized disability data for the HLY, thus addressing
41 II, 4. 1 | the HLY, thus addressing data availability across all
42 II, 4. 2 | method has been applied to data from the EUROSTAT database
43 II, 4. 2 | due to the availability of data for the analysed decades.~ ~ ~
44 II, 4. 2 | basis of availability of data on causes of death for both
45 II, 4. 2 | countries for which there was data on the change in life expectancy
46 II, 4. 3 | 2007): Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2005, U.S. National
47 II, 5. 1. 1 | methodology adopted for data collection (self reported
48 II, 5. 1. 2 | bound to epidemiological data and medical education which
49 II, 5. 2. 2 | 5.2.2. Data sources~The magnitude of
50 II, 5. 2. 2 | quality and comparability of data available on CVD beyond
51 II, 5. 2. 2 | mortality and morbidity data were taken from several
52 II, 5. 2. 2 | 2007) for mortality data; WHO-HFA database (htt b,
53 II, 5. 2. 2 | registers for morbidity data; WHO-HFA database and WHO
54 II, 5. 2. 2 | Surveillance Set - (h p, 2007) IHD data available from different
55 II, 5. 2. 2 | co-morbidities, which make data validation and prevention
56 II, 5. 2. 2 | to realize. For stroke, data were age-standardized for
57 II, 5. 2. 2 | skew results and complicate data validation.~The most effective
58 II, 5. 2. 2 | disease~ ~Mortality~EUROSTAT data were analyzed to obtain
59 II, 5. 2. 2 | trends. Thus, we present the data for the three year period
60 II, 5. 2. 2 | AMI) and stroke; these data are scarce, therefore it
61 II, 5. 2. 2 | 2003) are reported. Other data, such as on heart failure
62 II, 5. 2. 2 | EUROSTAT, HFA-WHO, OCSE) data for aggregated groups of
63 II, 5. 2. 2 | CABG]) are also reported. Data are published by the European
64 II, 5. 2. 2 | year for which accurate data is available for the majority
65 II, 5. 2. 2 | decline in CVD mortality. Data from the WHO MONICA Project (
66 II, 5. 2. 2 | of the treatments. These data, although collected several
67 II, 5. 2. 2 | Set - (h p, 2007) EUROSTAT data were analyzed to obtain
68 II, 5. 2. 2 | were used for stroke; these data are scarce, therefore temporal
69 II, 5. 2. 2 | hospital discharge diagnosis.~Data from the WHO MONICA Project (htt /,
70 II, 5. 2. 2 | already explained, MONICA data, although collected several
71 II, 5. 2. 2 | for CVD.~Last available data on risk factors were taken
72 II, 5. 2. 2 | methodology adopted for data collection (self reported
73 II, 5. 2. 2 | was not possible to pool data and then give a more complete
74 II, 5. 2. 2 | overview.~Therefore, some data from the WHO MONICA Project,
75 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
76 II, 5. 2. 3 | explained in chapter 5.2.2 ‘Data sources’, it was decided
77 II, 5. 2. 3 | According to the most recent data (2001-2003), the rates vary
78 II, 5. 2. 3 | 2007). Unfortunately these data are scarce and not validated,
79 II, 5. 2. 3 | within the same country, data on IHD, AMI and stroke hospital
80 II, 5. 2. 3 | reported together with the data on all CVD hospital discharges.
81 II, 5. 2. 3 | Future availability of data on hospital discharges for
82 II, 5. 2. 3 | Allender et al, 2008). The data vary widely across Europe
83 II, 5. 2. 3 | Southern countries. The only data available are those collected
84 II, 5. 2. 3 | hospital for surgery, the data refer to two separate cases
85 II, 5. 2. 3 | The best source of valid data on surgical procedures is
86 II, 5. 2. 3 | available and comparable data on morbidity of acute coronary
87 II, 5. 2. 3 | According to the MONICA data, this was higher in populations
88 II, 5. 2. 3 | countries continued to collect data every year while others
89 II, 5. 2. 3 | in Europe adopt different data collection procedures cover
90 II, 5. 2. 3 | risk factors.~Comparable data on morbidity are more difficult
91 II, 5. 2. 3 | sources of CVD morbidity data in EU.~ ~
92 II, 5. 2. 3 | 5.2.3.2. Stroke~Data on morbidity and mortality
93 II, 5. 2. 3 | explained in chapter 4.2.2 ‘Data sources’, it was decided
94 II, 5. 2. 3 | 2007). Unfortunately, these data are not validated and cannot
95 II, 5. 2. 3 | location and type of lesion. Data on hospital discharges separated
96 II, 5. 2. 3 | available and comparable data, although seldom representative
97 II, 5. 2. 3 | WHO MONICA Project. These data are reported in Table 5.
98 II, 5. 2. 4 | well known, national level data are difficult to obtain
99 II, 5. 2. 4 | the most recent available data on hypertension prevalence
100 II, 5. 2. 4 | women than in men. These data have been collected using
101 II, 5. 2. 4 | mmHg).~Table 5.2.8 shows data on total cholesterol: prevalence
102 II, 5. 2. 4 | Due to differences in data collection methodology (
103 II, 5. 2. 4 | was not possible to pool data, provide trends overview
104 II, 5. 2. 4 | into consideration some data from the WHO-MONICA Project (
105 II, 5. 2. 4 | Tolonen et al, 2002). Trends data show a decrease in systolic
106 II, 5. 2. 6 | population.~Epidemiological data show that strategies to
107 II, 5. 2. 6 | prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants
108 II, 5. 2. 6 | meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in
109 II, 5. 2. 6 | meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies
110 II, 5. 3. 2 | 5.3.2 Data sources~ ~
111 II, 5. 3. 2 | registries (CR) collect data on all new cases of cancer
112 II, 5. 3. 2 | and death certificates). Data refer to entire population
113 II, 5. 3. 2 | population level cancer patient data are becoming more and more
114 II, 5. 3. 2 | provision of timely and robust data on cancer incidence, survival (
115 II, 5. 3. 2 | recommendations for the standard data set to be routinely recorded
116 II, 5. 3. 2 | providing the following data:~- early indicators: screen-detected
117 II, 5. 3. 2 | by providing comparative data about treatment patterns
118 II, 5. 3. 2 | these studies additional data, such as details on treatment,
119 II, 5. 3. 2 | Hungary (1992); moreover, data protection issues impacted
120 II, 5. 3. 2 | impacted on the flow of data to cancer registries also
121 II, 5. 3. 2 | registry provide standardized data comparable across Europe;~·
122 II, 5. 3. 2 | unique providers of cancer data at population level;~· cancer
123 II, 5. 3. 2 | 5.3.2.2 Data from European networks and
124 II, 5. 3. 2 | projects~ ~This chapter uses data, information and results
125 II, 5. 3. 2 | guidelines, collection of data on defined indicators, developing
126 II, 5. 3. 2 | the end of 2005, collected data from 34 European countries
127 II, 5. 3. 3 | 5.3.3 Data presentation~ ~Cancer is
128 II, 5. 3. 3 | provides annual reported data on mortality statistics
129 II, 5. 3. 3 | systems in countries. The data available comprise deaths
130 II, 5. 3. 3 | relevant national authority. Data are included only for countries
131 II, 5. 3. 3 | for countries reporting data properly coded according
132 II, 5. 3. 3 | historically only partial data exports from the Czech National
133 II, 5. 3. 3 | mortality and relative survival data presented in the following
134 II, 5. 3. 5 | Mortality and incidence data discussion~ ~All cancers (
135 II, 5. 3. 6 | 5.3.5 Survival data discussion~ ~EUROCARE is
136 II, 5. 3. 6 | report presents survival data in adult in 1990–94, whilst
137 II, 5. 3. 6 | EUROCARE-4 presents survival data in 1995-1999 and 2000-2002.
138 II, 5. 3. 6 | in men in most countries.~Data on survival trends (not
139 II, 5. 3. 6 | intermediate at around 45%.~Data on survival trends (not
140 II, 5. 3. 6 | are ~30% for both sexes (data not shown). Data on survival
141 II, 5. 3. 6 | sexes (data not shown). Data on survival trends (not
142 II, 5. 3. 6 | but at different rates (data not showed). Improvements
143 II, 5. 3. 6 | where it has remained low (data not showed). Even though
144 II, 5. 3. 6 | observed in most countries (data not showed). The main exceptions
145 II, 5. 3. 6 | Berrino et al (2007) analysed data from 83 cancer registries
146 II, 5. 3. 6 | survival, but moderate TNEH. Data for 1990–94 and 1995–99
147 II, 5. 3. 6 | 2007) analysed survival data for patients diagnosed with
148 II, 5. 3. 7 | to analyze, due to scarce data in some national settings;
149 II, 5. 3. 9 | period analysis of EUROCARE-4 data. Lancet Oncology 8 (9):
150 II, 5. 4. 1 | continuously; this because this data is difficult to collect
151 II, 5. 4. 1 | accounting systems. Thus, data mostly relies on the conduction
152 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2 Data sources~ ~ ~
153 II, 5. 4. 2 | 5.4.2 Data sources~ ~The different
154 II, 5. 4. 2 | States for the collection of data on chronic diseases hamper
155 II, 5. 4. 2 | measuring and exchanging of data on a large scale in a timely
156 II, 5. 4. 2 | standardized and comparable data across countries remains
157 II, 5. 4. 2 | solution to the problem of data collection to fulfil precise
158 II, 5. 4. 2 | linked to administrative data including hospital discharges,
159 II, 5. 4. 2 | approach as a basis for data exchange across collaborating
160 II, 5. 4. 2 | required, either by collecting data in a disease management
161 II, 5. 4. 2 | impaired glucose tolerance. Data of health expenditure are
162 II, 5. 4. 2 | national representativeness of data and other comparability
163 II, 5. 4. 2 | for budgeting. In the UK, data collection on a range of
164 II, 5. 4. 2 | interesting but not an optimal data source.~ ~
165 II, 5. 4. 2 | the definition of national data formats that have been fairly
166 II, 5. 4. 2 | reimbursement for the hospital, and data are generally accessible
167 II, 5. 4. 2 | harmonisation of hospital data is still to be realised
168 II, 5. 4. 2 | Conclusion~ ~Different data sources provide very different
169 II, 5. 4. 2 | Countries with recent data~Data sources~ ~I Risk factors
170 II, 5. 4. 2 | Countries with recent data~Data sources~ ~I Risk factors
171 II, 5. 4. 2 | countries that could provide data.~Annual incidence of dyalisis
172 II, 5. 4. 2 | such condition, mortality data in diabetes are not very
173 II, 5. 4. 2 | Countries with~recent data~II Epidemiology of diabetes~ ~
174 II, 5. 4. 2 | value (9.5%) that makes data less comparable and applicable
175 II, 5. 4. 2 | of countries submitting data (N=2).~Fundus inspection
176 II, 5. 4. 3 | 5.4.3 Data description and analysis~ ~
177 II, 5. 4. 3 | and analysis~ ~Comparable data on the human and economic
178 II, 5. 4. 3 | will present EU diabetes data mainly referring to the
179 II, 5. 4. 3 | countries (Lancet, 2000). These data allowed further hypotheses
180 II, 5. 4. 3 | 1000.~According to the IDF data 2006, the absolute number
181 II, 5. 4. 3 | countries that could provide data.~Annual incidence of dyalisis
182 II, 5. 4. 3 | According to EUCID, standardised data show that mortality ranges
183 II, 5. 4. 3 | countries delivering accurate data. The median value is 31/
184 II, 5. 4. 3 | the last 12 months. OECD data (Armesto et al, 2006) show
185 II, 5. 4. 3 | last 12 months. EUCID crude data from 12 countries are consistent
186 II, 5. 4. 3 | last 12 months. EUCID crude data from 11 countries present
187 II, 5. 4. 3 | EUCID, 11 countries provided data with a percentage varying
188 II, 5. 4. 3 | EUCID 12 countries provided data; the percentage of people
189 II, 5. 4. 3 | 10 countries contributing data, showing a variation between
190 II, 5. 4. 3 | age bands. OECD collected data on 7 EU countries, with
191 II, 5. 4. 3 | four countries contributed data, ranging between 1% and
192 II, 5. 4. 3 | retinopathy. For this indicator, data is even more scarce than
193 II, 5. 4. 3 | only 8 countries provided data, with figures between 0.
194 II, 5. 4. 4 | 5.4.4. Data discussion~ ~Information
195 II, 5. 4. 4 | collecting and analysing data at EU level. There are very
196 II, 5. 4. 4 | way to start collecting data for an analysis of the current
197 II, 5. 4. 4 | future collection of complete data.~It has been demonstrated
198 II, 5. 4. 4 | available for EUCID. However, data are based upon BMI; on the
199 II, 5. 4. 4 | cannot provide consistent data. The emergency dictated
200 II, 5. 4. 4 | the type of diabetes, the data may become more alarming,
201 II, 5. 4. 4 | and IDF (median=8.7%) data is difficult to explain.
202 II, 5. 4. 4 | to enhance the quality of data, with the adoption of standardised
203 II, 5. 4. 4 | regular basis. Complete data in this area will remain
204 II, 5. 4. 4 | extremely important, but this data also is more biases related
205 II, 5. 4. 4 | the large variations in data between countries, which
206 II, 5. 4. 4 | of countries submitting data, with information on retinopathy
207 II, 5. 4. 4 | complete and consistent data are necessary to confirm
208 II, 5. 4. 6 | the previous section on data presentation, the project
209 II, 5. 4. 6 | epidemiological and economic data as well as data on the underlying
210 II, 5. 4. 6 | economic data as well as data on the underlying factors;~·
211 II, 5. 4. 6 | morbidity and risk factor data across Member States;~·
212 II, 5. 4. 7 | to automated standardized data collection by developing
213 II, 5. 4. 7 | Although individual data will never be exchanged
214 II, 5. 4. 7 | an increasing barrier for data systems, has been thoroughly
215 II, 5. 4. 7 | validity and accuracy of data residing in individual regions/
216 II, 5. 4. 8 | Expert GroupOECD (2006), 2006 Data Collection Update Report,
217 II, 5. 4. 8 | consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/lsa/89847.
218 II, 5. 4. 8 | Utilization of drug sales data for the epidemiology of
219 II, 5. 5.Int | about the reliability of data on eating disorders, particularly
220 II, 5. 5.Int | health care resources. More data on this condition are not
221 II, 5. 5.Int | 6 per 1.000 inhabitants. Data, though limited, suggest
222 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~
223 II, 5. 5. 1 | health related register data. Problems include comparability
224 II, 5. 5. 1 | prevalence and incidence data when derived from hospital
225 II, 5. 5. 1 | coverage of hospitalisation data vary, but also because of
226 II, 5. 5. 1 | hospitalised. Consequently, routine data cannot be used to compare
227 II, 5. 5. 1 | information on mental health data in HfA, see also the introductory
228 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorders. There are no specific data in HfA addressing mood or
229 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental disorders. These data have been obtained from
230 II, 5. 5. 1 | health establishments, annual data collections on mental health
231 II, 5. 5. 1 | and from health insurance data. In addition, the HfA includes
232 II, 5. 5. 1 | registered by ICD-9/10. These data has been derived nationally
233 II, 5. 5. 1 | discharge registers and annual data collections on mental health
234 II, 5. 5. 1 | mental health or relevant data sources. The incidence and
235 II, 5. 5. 1 | incidence and prevalence data are available in HfA for
236 II, 5. 5. 1 | international comparability of these data is heavily compromised.~ ~
237 II, 5. 5. 1 | compromised.~ ~Suicide. HfA offers data on age-standardised death
238 II, 5. 5. 1 | standardised population. The HfA data is derived from national
239 II, 5. 5. 1 | years and all ages. The data availability from the 27
240 II, 5. 5. 1 | intentional self-harm. Suicide data is available for five year
241 II, 5. 5. 1 | region. Annual national data are presented as absolute
242 II, 5. 5. 1 | standardised death rates. Data is available in principle
243 II, 5. 5. 1 | Most available national data is from late 1990s and beginning
244 II, 5. 5. 1 | Development’s OECD Health Data 2008 offers some mental
245 II, 5. 5. 1 | some mental health-related data for OECD Member States.
246 II, 5. 5. 1 | Member States. These include data on causes of mortality and
247 II, 5. 5. 1 | self-harm.~ ~OECD Health Data 2008 includes also general
248 II, 5. 5. 1 | pharmaceuticals. However, specific data concerning mood and anxiety
249 II, 5. 5. 1 | cannot be derived from this data.~ ~ ~Lastly, it should also
250 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.2.2. Data from population surveys~ ~ ~
251 II, 5. 5. 1 | The ESEMeD output include data on mood and anxiety disorders,
252 II, 5. 5. 1 | healthcare services. The survey data were gathered during 2001-
253 II, 5. 5. 1 | care-seeking behaviour.~ ~The data derived from Eurobarometer
254 II, 5. 5. 1 | respect to the strengths, the data come from large randomly-selected
255 II, 5. 5. 1 | disorders. The Eurobarometer data do not include institutionalised
256 II, 5. 5. 1 | do not provide morbidity data derived from validated mental
257 II, 5. 5. 1 | and interpretation of the data in terms of psychiatric
258 II, 5. 5. 1 | 5.5.1.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
259 II, 5. 5. 1 | differences in presenting the data.~ ~The mortality rate for
260 II, 5. 5. 1 | Member States. The Eurostat data indicate that the highest
261 II, 5. 5. 1 | derived from statistical data and population surveys,
262 II, 5. 5. 1 | the quality of existing data and epidemiological trends.~
263 II, 5. 5. 1 | to analyse and report all data.~ ~EU activities other than
264 II, 5. 5. 1 | It is evident that better data should be offered for the
265 II, 5. 5. 1 | High quality and comparable data need to be collected on
266 II, 5. 5. 1 | 2007). Overview of key data from the European Study
267 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.2. Data sources~ ~The data presented
268 II, 5. 5. 2 | 2.2. Data sources~ ~The data presented here is taken
269 II, 5. 5. 2 | EURODEM working group pooled data on the prevalence of moderate
270 II, 5. 5. 2 | can make inferences using data from comparable contexts
271 II, 5. 5. 2 | 5.5.2.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
272 II, 5. 5. 2 | changes in mortality.~ ~The data clearly suggest that the
273 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.2. Data sources~ ~ ~Qualitative
274 II, 5. 5. 3 | methods survey qualitative data, in doing so the Eating
275 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2008). Finally, qualitative data and qualitative measurement
276 II, 5. 5. 3 | to provide a satisfying data basis, is a systematic review
277 II, 5. 5. 3 | international published data source or reference list
278 II, 5. 5. 3 | Rigby (in press) noticed data inconsistencies among research
279 II, 5. 5. 3 | measurement methods. Therefore, data resulted from literature
280 II, 5. 5. 3 | carefully used to compare data and the state-of-art between
281 II, 5. 5. 3 | national level, limited data are mostly available from
282 II, 5. 5. 3 | practitioners, however, consist of data for persons with a diagnosed
283 II, 5. 5. 3 | press). Because of it, these data sources are unlikely to
284 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders. Some national data are surveyed in certain
285 II, 5. 5. 3 | but a European Union-wide data analysis and comparison
286 II, 5. 5. 3 | analysis and comparison of data is currently not available.
287 II, 5. 5. 3 | there is really a paucity of data on national as well as at
288 II, 5. 5. 3 | and therefore collected data in participated European
289 II, 5. 5. 3 | illustrates the limited number of data, surveys and treatments
290 II, 5. 5. 3 | obvious that in some countries data were measured within national
291 II, 5. 5. 3 | whereas for other countries data do not exist allowing statements
292 II, 5. 5. 3 | Table 5.5.3.1.1 Overview of data availability in Europe~ ~ ~
293 II, 5. 5. 3 | Measure~Availability of data item?~ ~ Yes No~Comments~
294 II, 5. 5. 3 | anorexia nervosa but some data are available in the frame
295 II, 5. 5. 3 | children and unpublished data from the National Health
296 II, 5. 5. 3 | There are no representative data about prevalence of Bulimia
297 II, 5. 5. 3 | report treatment attendance data (number of children for
298 II, 5. 5. 3 | There are no representative data about the prevalence of
299 II, 5. 5. 3 | University of Athens has some data on anorexia and bulimia ~
300 II, 5. 5. 3 | National epidemiologic data on anorexia and bulimia
301 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders. However, some data are available in Health
302 II, 5. 5. 3 | Centre (treatment attendance data) and in specialized Center
303 II, 5. 5. 3 | reliable epidemiological data concerning prevalence of
304 II, 5. 5. 3 | nervosa. However there are data related to the hospitalization
305 II, 5. 5. 3 | Romania~X~ ~At national level data about the general morbidity
306 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders are collected. The data collection starts from county
307 II, 5. 5. 3 | starts from county level; the data are generally presented
308 II, 5. 5. 3 | anorexia nervosa but some data are available in the frame
309 II, 5. 5. 3 | Table 5.5.3.1.2.1: Available data about anorexia and bulimia
310 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.1.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
311 II, 5. 5. 3 | Norway and Denmark). Thus, data from 62 articles (out of
312 II, 5. 5. 3 | overview on the availability of data as well as about lack of
313 II, 5. 5. 3 | as well as about lack of data. From this survey, it appears
314 II, 5. 5. 3 | needed to regularly update data regarding eating disorders.
315 II, 5. 5. 3 | disorders. Routinely analysed data are of particular importance,
316 II, 5. 5. 3 | bulimia. Routinely analysed data are essential for policy
317 II, 5. 5. 3 | Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. WHO Regional Office for
318 II, 5. 5. 3 | al, 2005) of prevalence data evaluated in 188 epidemiological
319 II, 5. 5. 3 | a higher incidence. The data on fluctuation across time
320 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.2.2. Data Sources~ ~There are no comprehensive
321 II, 5. 5. 3 | comprehensive national or European data available focusing on the
322 II, 5. 5. 3 | single diagnosis. Available data summarize prevalence and
323 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence rates are based on data of first admission to or
324 II, 5. 5. 3 | countries, the first admission data may underestimate the need
325 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence and prevalence data (Lange et al, 2002). A certain
326 II, 5. 5. 3 | diagnosis (Sato, 2006).~ ~The data concerning morbidity rates (
327 II, 5. 5. 3 | classification (the majority of data is derived from the year
328 II, 5. 5. 3 | derived from the year 2005), data from countries like France
329 II, 5. 5. 3 | morbidity tabulation). The WHO data cover more European countries
330 II, 5. 5. 3 | diagnostic classification levels. Data provided by EUROSTAT on
331 II, 5. 5. 3 | show deviations from the data published by the WHO which
332 II, 5. 5. 3 | to explain. All available data do not take into account
333 II, 5. 5. 3 | only on hospital morbidity data yet underestimate the actual
334 II, 5. 5. 3 | outside the hospital.~ ~Data on the outpatient sector
335 II, 5. 5. 3 | the lack of respective data means a relevant gap of
336 II, 5. 5. 3 | Inter-country comparison data on mortality for selected
337 II, 5. 5. 3 | by schizophrenia. Other data sources like EUROSTAT do
338 II, 5. 5. 3 | EUROSTAT do not provide data restricted to schizophrenia (
339 II, 5. 5. 3 | Therefore, these mortality data have to be interpreted with
340 II, 5. 5. 3 | little accurate comparative data on prescribing patterns
341 II, 5. 5. 3 | respective prescription data do not reflect the actual
342 II, 5. 5. 3 | other disorders, and limited data are available on antipsychotic
343 II, 5. 5. 3 | however patchy. Another data source is IMS Health, a
344 II, 5. 5. 3 | qualifications. Prescription data from Germany from the 12-
345 II, 5. 5. 3 | disease burden. Hence the data presented are supplemented
346 II, 5. 5. 3 | presented are supplemented by data from the literature.~ ~Unless
347 II, 5. 5. 3 | otherwise noted, the source of data is the European Health for
348 II, 5. 5. 3 | Office for Europe. Other data and information are referenced
349 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.2.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
350 II, 5. 5. 3 | description and analysis~ ~Data usually representing the
351 II, 5. 5. 3 | comprehensive review on prevalence data identified a median point
352 II, 5. 5. 3 | urbanicity). Hence, detailed data are not yet available. Factors
353 II, 5. 5. 3 | be addressed.~Incidence data are usually estimates based
354 II, 5. 5. 3 | first treatment/admission data due to the diagnosis of
355 II, 5. 5. 3 | to optimize delivery of data and establish a more reliable
356 II, 5. 5. 3 | European countries. Available data from the European Detailed
357 II, 5. 5. 3 | to age categories. These data show a peak in the 30 –
358 II, 5. 5. 3 | mentioned above, mortality data seem to be quite questionable
359 II, 5. 5. 3 | problem of missing reliable data although there is evidence
360 II, 5. 5. 3 | studies reporting primary data on deaths, the standardized
361 II, 5. 5. 3 | Saha, 2007).~The mortality data attributed to the group
362 II, 5. 5. 3 | available statistical suicide data - if not based on psychiatric
363 II, 5. 5. 3 | Thus, there are no reliable data on suicides in the context
364 II, 5. 5. 3 | evaluating detailed mortality data with a more distinct cause
365 II, 5. 5. 3 | necessity of a more consistent data collection and documentation.~
366 II, 5. 5. 3 | trend over time~Available data on inter-country comparisons
367 II, 5. 5. 3 | vary widely. In addition, data coded according to ICD-10/
368 II, 5. 5. 3 | 0164). On the other hand, data from the Nordic Medical
369 II, 5. 5. 3 | accurate hospital morbidity data alone provide a comprehensive
370 II, 5. 5. 3 | morbidity databases with data on outpatient care.~Disability
371 II, 5. 5. 3 | According to the most recent data, neuropsychiatric conditions
372 II, 5. 5. 3 | DALY rates estimated from data of 2002 for the year 2005:
373 II, 5. 5. 3 | greatest amount of available data is on diabetes and the metabolic
374 II, 5. 5. 3 | on the limited available data there seems to be evidence
375 II, 5. 5. 3 | adjustment. Yet the limited data - although promising - do
376 II, 5. 5. 3 | mental health care, European data on this topic is limited.
377 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2004) worldwide; selected data of studies from Western
378 II, 5. 5. 3 | According to the most recent data evaluated within the EUFEST
379 II, 5. 5. 3 | highlighted by the current data from the WHO Atlas on mental
380 II, 5. 5. 3 | supported by the most recent data from Sweden: Lindström and
381 II, 5. 5. 3 | evaluation provided detailed data, these findings are a valuable
382 II, 5. 5. 3 | in 2001 – Collection of data on the mental health care
383 II, 5. 5. 3 | be backed up by reliable data, the improvement of existing
384 II, 5. 5. 3 | research and gather comparable data on incidence and prevalence
385 II, 5. 5. 3 | incidence of schizophrenia: data versus dogma. Schiz Bull
386 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.3.2. Data sources~ ~Autism Spectrum
387 II, 5. 5. 3 | no available comparable data on morbidity in ASD in Europe.
388 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.3.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
389 II, 5. 5. 3 | identified as having an ASD. The data were reported by the Autism
390 II, 5. 5. 3 | inconsistent retrieval of data in these studies has made
391 II, 5. 5. 3 | ongoing collection of ASD data, several of the EU countries
392 II, 5. 5. 3 | ensure the largest impact of data quality. By following specific
393 II, 5. 5. 3 | will be possible to compare data between the EU countrie,
394 II, 5. 5. 3 | information system to record ASD data. This data, recorded in
395 II, 5. 5. 3 | to record ASD data. This data, recorded in a common format
396 II, 5. 5. 3 | cerebral palsy (CP) and ASD data in the EU. This will be
397 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.4.2. Data sources~ ~The patients with
398 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.4.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
399 II, 5. 5. 3 | Table 5.5.3.4.4). These data are confirmed when limiting
400 II, 5. 5. 3 | from Europe. In contrast, data regarding the mortality
401 II, 5. 5. 3 | There are limited European data on the cumulative incidence (
402 II, 5. 5. 3 | laboratory and imaging data of each enrolled patient.
403 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.5.2. Data sources~ ~The distribution
404 II, 5. 5. 3 | considered, and the most recent data from the largest populations
405 II, 5. 5. 3 | collecting epidemiological data on the number of patients
406 II, 5. 5. 3 | Germany. To date, standardised data sets of ca. 5800 MS patients
407 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.5.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
408 II, 5. 5. 3 | provides epidemiological data on MS in Denmark that appear
409 II, 5. 5. 3 | of 4.2 (Lauer, personal data). Similar prevalence rates
410 II, 5. 5. 3 | in the 1990s. Prevalence data are in the same range for
411 II, 5. 5. 3 | survival time in Europe~Data on MS mortality must be
412 II, 5. 5. 3 | issues~Despite the wealth of data deriving from systematic
413 II, 5. 5. 3 | based upon epidemiological data, such as prevalence and
414 II, 5. 5. 3 | social costs are high. Cost data were extrapolated for EU25
415 II, 5. 5. 3 | there are no comprehensive data available on the employment
416 II, 5. 5. 3 | new study are to generate data that will substantiate national
417 II, 5. 5. 3 | provides information and data on the epidemiology of MS
418 II, 5. 5. 3 | charts or spreadsheets in the data query section. The whole
419 II, 5. 5. 3 | updated every four years. Data will also be collected on
420 II, 5. 5. 3 | that have not yet submitted data and new data will be collected
421 II, 5. 5. 3 | yet submitted data and new data will be collected for new
422 II, 5. 5. 3 | studies in MS provide new data on the treatment of clinically
423 II, 5. 5. 3 | evaluated the available data and provided recommendations
424 II, 5. 5. 3 | will create a standardised data collection and management
425 II, 5. 5. 3 | to analyse and compare MS data; prevalence and epidemiology
426 II, 5. 5. 3 | Sclerosis Registry. History, data collection and validity.
427 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2003): Epidemiological data of multiple sclerosis in
428 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.6.2. Data source~To identify studies
429 II, 5. 5. 3 | evaluated epidemiological key data and costing data, we performed
430 II, 5. 5. 3 | epidemiological key data and costing data, we performed a systematic
431 II, 5. 5. 3 | health information databases. Data from the national and European
432 II, 5. 5. 3 | 5.5.3.6.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
433 II, 5. 5. 3 | 2000).~Country-specific data on PD prevalence are summarised
434 II, 5. 5. 3 | disability. In particular, data on the distribution of the
435 II, 5. 5. 3 | The prevalence and cost data were stratified according
436 II, 5. 5. 3 | demonstrating that cost-of-illness data from different studies (
437 II, 5. 5. 3 | indirect costs~Only few data about the indirect costs
438 II, 5. 5. 3 | after disease onset.~Similar data were presented by the German
439 II, 5. 5. 3 | been observed compared to data from 1973 (Singer 1973).
440 II, 5. 5. 3 | central database and web-based data entry; establishment of
441 II, 5. 5. 3 | will collect patient-level data on resource use and productivity
442 II, 5. 5. 3 | Health statistics: key data on health, 2002. Available
443 II, 5. 6. 2 | 5.6.2. Data sources~ ~The epidemiological
444 II, 5. 6. 2 | chapter uses material and data from these reports and acknowledges
445 II, 5. 6. 2 | Chronic Diseases. These data have been supplemented by
446 II, 5. 6. 2 | literature for epidemiological data on the relevant conditions
447 II, 5. 6. 2 | pointed out that comparison of data obtained in different times
448 II, 5. 6. 3 | 5.6.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
449 II, 5. 6. 3 | estimate and there are little data because of its gradual progressive
450 II, 5. 6. 3 | onset of clinical symptoms. Data is not available for all
451 II, 5. 6. 3 | There are insufficient data to know if there is any
452 II, 5. 6. 3 | health care. There is little data available specifically for
453 II, 5. 6. 3 | osteoarthritis from national data were 0.1% of 1991 GNP, of
454 II, 5. 6. 3 | strategies. However, most data available are with less
455 II, 5. 6. 3 | being made to use existing data to describe the absolute
456 II, 5. 6. 4 | estimated based upon register data on disability pensions.
457 II, 5. 6. 6 | in rheumatoid arthritis. Data on the effect of multidisciplinary
458 II, 5. 7. 1 | of increasing severity. Data derived from the National
459 II, 5. 7. 1 | children is scarce. Available data indicate that CKD at this
460 II, 5. 7. 1 | Esbjorner et al, 1997). Data on renal replacement therapy (
461 II, 5. 7. 1 | dialysis patients (U.S. Renal Data System, 2005).~ ~Definitions~ ~
462 II, 5. 7. 1 | Whenever possible, the CKD data are presented according
463 II, 5. 7. 1 | Tables 5.7.1 and 5.7.2). Data about CKD in children are
464 II, 5. 7. 2 | 5.7.2. Data sources~ ~ ~The present
465 II, 5. 7. 2 | adolescents and adults and on the data of the Registry of the European
466 II, 5. 7. 2 | ERA-EDTA) that collects data in patients with ESRD on
467 II, 5. 7. 2 | with ESRD on RRT. Available data on the prevalence of CKD (
468 II, 5. 7. 2 | these presentations. Trend data for CKD are very scarce.~ ~
469 II, 5. 7. 2 | reliable individual patient data on the incidence and prevalence
470 II, 5. 7. 2 | provide individual patient data covering their whole country (
471 II, 5. 7. 2 | include complete patient data in another few years. These
472 II, 5. 7. 2 | availability of individual patient data within one European ERA-EDTA
473 II, 5. 7. 2 | least a large part of the data could be analysed using
474 II, 5. 7. 2 | individual and aggregated data from national and/or regional
475 II, 5. 7. 2 | The individual patient data are used for epidemiological
476 II, 5. 7. 2 | incidence and prevalence data that are received from other
477 II, 5. 7. 2 | more focused studies using data from a segment of the catchment
478 II, 5. 7. 2 | incidence and prevalence data on RRT were used from 42
479 II, 5. 7. 2 | including individual patient data collect at least the date
480 II, 5. 7. 2 | Registries collecting aggregated data usually perform yearly surveys
481 II, 5. 7. 2 | centres. As availability of data depended on the existence
482 II, 5. 7. 2 | coverage of their countries, data on RRT over the period 1992-
483 II, 5. 7. 2 | complete individual patient data for the whole country over
484 II, 5. 7. 2 | individual or aggregated data either over a shorter period
485 II, 5. 7. 2 | able to provide aggregated data over a shorter period. The
486 II, 5. 7. 2 | over a shorter period. The data used for mortality analyses
487 II, 5. 7. 3 | 5.7.3. Data description and analysis~ ~
488 II, 5. 7. 3 | Winkelmayer et al, 2005). No data has been published in Europe.
489 II, 5. 7. 3 | Similarly scarce are the data concerning changes in CKD
490 II, 5. 7. 3 | study that examined NHANES data (Coresh et al,2005).~ ~In
491 II, 5. 7. 3 | 2005).~ ~In Europe similar data are available only in Norway.
492 II, 5. 7. 3 | pmp in 2005) (U.S. Renal Data System, USRDS, 2007) are
493 II, 5. 7. 3 | available for 12 countries. The data for the United Kingdom (
494 II, 5. 7. 3 | and part of the Italian data were based on information
495 II, 5. 7. 3 | practitioners data-bases. Data from other countries are
496 II, 5. 7. 3 | There is still a paucity of data on CKD. Data in Europe have
497 II, 5. 7. 3 | paucity of data on CKD. Data in Europe have been gathered
498 II, 5. 7. 3 | or population surveys. Data from medical databases overestimate
499 II, 5. 7. 3 | is apparent also in the data collected in this review.
500 II, 5. 7. 3 | Ardissino et al 2003). Data in a population-based registry
